A frameshift mutation is a type of genetic change brought on by indels in DNA sequences that contain many nucleotides that are not divisible by three. Because codons are used to express genes in triplets, an insertion or deletion may alter the reading frame and produce a translation that is entirely different from the original.
A mutation known as a substitution swaps one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). A codon that encodes a different amino acid may be changed, which would result in a minor modification to the protein that is created.
What is mutation?
A mutation is a modification to the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result through viral infection, errors in DNA replication during cell division, and exposure to mutagens. Germline mutations, which occur in eggs and sperm as opposed to somatic mutations, which occur in body cells, can be passed on to progeny.
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23. Suggest a way in which the stoma and guard cells arrangement might work to control the
amount of water that is leaving the leaf.
Water would quickly evaporate if the opening was left open. Fortunately, guard cells are what open and close the stomata. This enables management of water loss and transpiration. In hot weather, guard cells close the stoma.
The guard cells and stoma at the base of the leaf blade serve what purposes?The stomata (stoma = "hole") in leaves are the entry and exit points for carbon dioxide and oxygen, which cannot pass through the cuticle. Stomata are opened and closed by guard cells. Plants lose water vapor to the atmosphere when their stomata are open, allowing gases to pass through the leaf surface.
When the environment is unfavorable, some plants reduce water loss by closing their stomata. In order to maintain a stable water balance in the leaf, plants frequently close or partially close their stomata when the humidity is low. This is because low humidity increases the likelihood that water will evaporate quickly from the surface of leaves.
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12) In order to attach a particular amino acid to the tRNA molecule for transport, an enzyme---
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase--- is required along with ATP. The synthetase enzyme has open
binding site for ATP and another for the amino acid, but it is not yet able to attach the tRNA.
What must occur in order for the tRNA to be attached?
A) The ATP must first have to attach to the tRNA.
B) The binding of the first two molecules must cause a 3-D change that opens another binding
site on the enzyme.
C) The ATP must be hydrolyzed to allow the amino acid to bind to the synthetase.
(D))The tRNA molecule must have to alter its shape in order to be able to fit into the active site
with the other two molecules
Option B. The binding of the first two molecules must cause a 3-D change that opens another binding site on the enzyme. In order to attach a particular amino acid to the tRNA molecule for transport.
Ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) collection right into a protein. tRNAs are characteristic at unique sites in the ribosome all through translation, which is a manner that synthesizes a protein from an mRNA molecule.
Transcript RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, usually 76 to 90 nucleotides in the period, that serves as the bodily hyperlink between the mRNA and the amino acid collection of proteins. switch RNA does this by wearing an amino acid to the protein synthesizing machinery of a mobile referred to as the ribosome.
An anticodon is a trinucleotide series placed at one cease of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.
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Similarities are found between embryos of fish, dogs, and humans. What does this observation suggest?.
Similarities are found between the embryos of fish, dogs, and humans. This observation suggests that all these organisms have developed from a common ancestor.
What is Common ancestry?Common descent or ancestor is a concept in evolutionary biology which is applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more different species later in time. All the living beings are descendants of a unique ancestor which is commonly referred to as the last universal common ancestor of all life forms on Earth, according to modern evolutionary biology.
Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages. For example, the common ancestors of two biological siblings include their parents and grandparents which are same; the common ancestors of a coyote and a wolf include the first canine and the first mammal.
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a cell that has just started interphase has four chromosomes total. how would the same cell look when it is in metaphase? (select the box next to the correct answer.)
A cell that has simply started interphase has four chromosomes total it might have an equal cell look when it's miles in metaphase at the top right. In Metaphase, the chromosomes
Prophase is the primary level in mitosis, happening after the conclusion of the G2 portion of interphase. at some stage in prophase, the determined cellular chromosomes which have been duplicated in the course of the S phase condense and become hundreds of instances greater compact than they had been at some stage in interphase.
The first and longest section of mitosis is prophase. at some point in prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope (the membrane surrounding the nucleus) breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles close to the nucleus start to separate and circulate to contrary poles of the cellular.
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can oatey 1/2 in. x 21-2/3 ft. yellow gas line ptfe tape be used on gasoline connections?thread seal tape 1/2 in. x 21-2/3 ft. yellow gas line ptfe thread seal tape 1/2 in. x 21-2/3 ft. yellow gas line ptfe thread seal tape 1/2 in. x 21-2/3 ft. yellow gas line ptfe thread seal tape oatey 1/2 in. x 21-2/3 ft. yellow gas line ptfe thread seal tape
Yes. All Oatey thread seal tapes can be used on natural gas lines.
Chemically inert PTFE tape is gasoline and oil-resistant. Therefore, it is widely used for sealing and lubricating fuel line connections in automotive applications. Do not use PTFE tape when connecting female threaded PVC fittings or valves.
Using tape for socket connections creates wedges and puts a lot of stress on the connections during assembly. PTFE tape does not guarantee a leak-free connection. For Permatex gasoline, Aviation Foam A Gasket #3 is best as it is resistant to regular gasoline. Another product Permatex offers is a high-temperature thread sealant.
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How does the rda for iron for adult premenopausal woman compare to the rda for adult men?.
Men typically consume 16 to 18 mg of iron per day, while women typically take in 12 mg.
How much iron is required for a 40-year-old woman?Women between the ages of 19 and 50 require 18 mg of iron daily. In order to make up for the quantity of iron lost through sweat, female athletes have higher demands. Women who are over 51 years old need 8 mg of iron daily.
Is an iron shortage a common perimenopause symptom?A lack of iron is prevalent, particularly in premenopausal women who lose blood during their periods. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute estimates that 20% of women under 50 have an iron deficiency.
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Millennial climatic oscillations that occur over time periods of several thousand years or less are mainly attributed to,,,.
Millennial climatic oscillations that occur over time periods of several thousand years or less are mainly attributed to: d. Ice sheet instabilities and changes in thermohaline circulation patterns in oceans.
What is an ocean?An ocean can be defined as a body of salt water which covers approximately seventy percent (70%) of the Earth's surface. Additionally, about 97% of the Earth's water is comprised of ocean and as such it is considered as the most prominent and defined feature of the Earth.
What is a climatic oscillation?In Geography, a climatic oscillation can be defined as the naturally reoccurring changes in the climate of planet Earth that is typically associated with an interaction of atmospheric and oceanic conditions that occurs at different periods of time.
As a result of the ice sheet instabilities and changes in thermohaline circulation patterns in oceans, there have been changes in planet Earth's climate and these are generally referred to as millennial climatic oscillations.
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Complete Question:
Millennial climatic oscillations that occur over time periods of several thousand years or less are mainly attributed to,,,
a. Plate tectonics
b. Volcanic eruptions and asteroid impacts
c. Milankovitch cycles
d. Ice sheet instabilities and changes in thermohaline circulation patterns in oceans
you make a smear of e. coli and then simple stain the slide with methylene blue. if you failed to use correct aseptic technique by not sterilizing the loop before picking up the bacterial sample for the smear, what results may be seen under the microscope?you make a smear of e. coli and then simple stain the slide with methylene blue. if you failed to use correct aseptic technique by not sterilizing the loop before picking up the bacterial sample for the smear, what results may be seen under the microscope?
The results which may be seen under the microscope when the correct aseptic technique is not used is that there may be cells of different shapes, sizes, and arrangements and is denoted as option B.
What is Aseptic technique?This is referred to as a type of medical practices and procedures which helps to protect patients and individuals from dangerous germs such as bacteria, virus etc.
In this scenario, we were told that the loop was not sterilized before picking up the bacterial sample for the smear which means that contamination is most likely to occur during the process.
This then leads to cells of different shapes, sizes, and arrangements being present when observed under the microscope thereby making option B the most correct choice in this context.
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The options are:
a) No cells may be visible on the slide.
b) There may be cells of different shapes, sizes, and arrangements.
c) Both blue and purple cells may be seen on the slide.
What is the function of the male pleopod in a crayfish
Answer: To transfer spermatophores (sperm) to the female crayfish during copulation.
In what ways are red invasive fire ants (rifas) costly? (site 1)
Red invasive fire ants (RIFA) are costly because they can cause severe damage in variety of fields like in agricultural crops, in constructed building as well as electrical equipment. They can even kill the tissues of the person they sting by injecting some poison on to the area.
RIFA are the species of ants that are native to South America. They are simply called the fire ants. The species are believed to be spread in the soil carried through the cargo ships that then became spread profusely. Since they can reside at any area they are estimated to cause million dollars of damage every year.
Tissues are the aggregate of cells of similar type that come together in order to perform a similar function in a coordinated manner. There are different types of tissues in plants and in animals.
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.Which of the following incorrectly matches the term with its location?
DNA is found in a chromosome.
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell.
Genes are located in a nucleotide.
Nitrogen bases are located in the central rungs of a DNA ladder
Answer:
The correct answer is:Genes are located in a nucleotide. Rather, genes are segments of DNA which can be found within the nuclei of cells
Explanation:
Which of the following best describes the composition of the bacterial translation initiation complex?
A. 30S and 50S subunits, mRNA start codon paired with the anticodon of fMet-tRNAfMet, fMet-tRNAfMet bound in the P site, A site is open, GTP is bound by IF-2
B. 30S and 50S subunits, mRNA start codon paired with the anticodon of fMet-tRNAfMet, fMet-tRNAfMet bound in the P site, A site is open
C. 30S and 50S subunits, mRNA start codon paired with the anticodon of fMet-tRNAfMet, fMet-tRNAfMet bound in the A site, P site is open
D. 30S and 50S subunits, mRNA start codon paired with the anticodon of fMet-tRNAfMet, fMet-tRNAfMet bound in the A site, P site is open, GTP is bound by IF-2
The one that best describes the composition of bacterial translation initiation complex is the 30S and 50S subunits, mRNA start codon paired with the anticodon of fMet-tRNAfMet, fMet-tRNAfMet bound in the P site, A site is open. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Translation initiation is a process in which tRNA ribosomal subunits are assembled by the eukaryotic initiation factors. In bacteria, translation initiation involves some components such as:
30S and 50S subunits as ribosomal subunits.mature mRNAtRNAGTP or guanosine triphosphate as an energy sourceIF1, IF2, and IF3 as prokaryotic initiation factors.The p site is the place where peptidyl tRNA forms in the ribosome, while the A site is a point of entry for the tRNA (which is why it's open).
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Molecularly, a gene is an organized unit of blank______ sequences that can be transcribed into rna.
Molecularly, a gene is an organized unit of DNA sequences that can be transcribed into RNA.
DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the more prevalent and stable genetic material. It is a double stranded structure. The nucleotide bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. The DNA can be packed into more compact structure like the 30 nm chromatin fiber, chromosomes, etc.
RNA is Ribonucleic Acid. It is a highly reactive and unstable genetic material. It is usually single stranded. There are various types of RNA. However, they can be broadly classified into two categories: coding and non-coding. All nucleotide bases except thymine are present in RNA, instead uracil is present.
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current species typically either have large beaks or small beaks. what type of process likely affected the initial population to yield the current species?
The initial population to yield the current species: natural selection.
What is natural selection theory?
The process through which populations of living things adapt and change is known as natural selection. A population's members are naturally varied, which means that they are all distinctive in some ways. This variety indicates that some people have characteristics that are more environment-appropriate than others.
Darwin referred to the process by which species diverge as "natural selection," which is brought about by the inheritance of traits, competition among individuals, and trait variation.
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of the following, which occurs during the calvin cycle? group of answer choices co2 light energy is converted to chemical energy. excited electrons are conveyed from chlorophyll to an electron acceptor. atp and nadph are synthesized.
The event that occurs during Calvin cycle is: (1) CO₂ is reduced.
Calvin cycle is the first reaction that takes place during light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Here the environment CO₂ is captured and reduced to form the first 3 carbon product. This process occurs in three steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing the food for plant by capturing the inorganic raw materials like water, sunlight energy and carbon dioxide. This is converted into food in the form of sugar and by-product oxygen. There are two types of reactions involved: the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent reaction.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Of the following, which occurs during the Calvin cycle?
CO₂ is reduced. Light energy is converted to chemical energy. Excited electrons are conveyed from chlorophyll to an electron acceptor. ATP and NADPH are synthesized.To know more about Calvin cycle, here
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if you measured the limb and body proportions of mammals that live in the arctic and compared them to measurements of mammals that live in the tropics, what trends would you predict?
Mammals will have shorter limbs and thicker bodies in colder environments than mammals in warm environments, on average.
Mammals are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in women produce milk for feeding their young, a neocortex, fur or hair, and 3 middle ear bones.
Mammals are vertebrates with hair, mammary glands used to suckle young with milk, a diaphragm, three bones inside the middle ear, and a lower jaw made of a single pair of bones that articulates in a unique way with the cranium.
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A farmer raising cattle artificially inseminates his cows using the sperm of a bull instead of allowing them to become pregnant on their own. Why is this an example of artificial selection?.
The farmer chose which cows and bulls to breed based on their traits.
What is the process of breeding cattle for?
Artificial insemination (AI) involves placing sperm directly into the uterus. The embryonic transfer involves the transfer of fertilized ova from a donating female to a receptive female and the raising of a calf.
Artificial selection is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
Selective breeding is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
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compared to control rmca held at an internal pressure of 120 mmhg, application of latrunculin b to rmca held at 120 mmhg will most likely result in: a increased phosphorylated lc20 levels. b decreased arterial diameter. c decreased f-actin levels. d increased phosphorylated calponin levels.
Compared to control rmca held at an internal pressure of 120 mmhg, application of latrunculin b to rmca held at 120 mmhg will most likely result in decreased f-actin levels.
Filamentous actin (F-actin) gadgets also are called microfilaments and are pretty conserved, proteinous additives discovered close to ubiquitously in eukaryotic cytoskeletons. F-actin and different actin proteins commonly have structural roles in cells.
These outcomes imply that F-actin quantification can function a marker for mobile transformation and presents a device for analyzing the mechanisms of mobile differentiation that can result in a higher knowledge of the oncogenic process.
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the term population density describes the question 1 options: body size of different species. number of individuals per unit area. number of populations per unit area. number of species per unit area.
Population density is the number of individuals present per unit area or volume at a given time.
A populace is the whole set organization of people, whether or not that organization contains a state or a set of humans with a not unusual place characteristic.
To calculate the population density, you may divide the populace via way of means of the dimensions of the vicinity. Thus, Population Density = Number of People/Land Area. The unit of land vicinity ought to be rectangular miles or rectangular kilometers.
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______ is the cell division process that occurs in diploid germ cells and gives rise to haploid cells.
Meiosis is the cell division process that occurs in diploid germ cells and gives rise to haploid cells. This process is essential for sexual reproduction, as it is the basis for the creation of gametes.
Meiosis consists of two successive cell divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, which result in the reduction of the chromosome number by half.
During meiosis I, the number of chromosomes is reduced from diploid to haploid. This occurs through a process of reciprocal exchange, or crossing over, between homologous chromosomes.
This process ensures that each resulting cell will receive a unique combination of chromosomes. Meiosis II is essentially a mitotic division, in which the haploid cells produced in meiosis I are divided into four equal parts.
The end result of meiosis is the creation of four haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. These cells go on to form gametes, which fuse during fertilization to create a new, diploid individual.
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which of the following statements is false? a) gametes are haploid cells. b) two haploid cells fuse during fertilization. c) an x chromosome is an autosome. d) a zygote is a fertilized egg
Answer:
C
Explanation:
An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome(gonosome) and an X chromosome is a gonosome.
Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?.
Longer distances between separated groups increase the possibility of allopatric speciation, as their new niches will have more different environmental characteristics like climate and nutrient availability.
What triggers the allopatric speciation process?The accumulation of genetic variations between populations when they are geographically isolated results in allopatric speciation, a process for the evolution of reproductive isolation.
What factor is required for allopatric speciation?Isolation, time, and natural selection are a few of the conditions that must be met for allopatric speciation to take place. A population of the same species can become isolated due to earthquakes, floods, and migration.
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what is the action of the rectus abdominis musclemultiple choice rotation of trunk abduction of trunk extension of trunk flexion of trunk adduction of trunk
Main function of the rectus abdominis is rotation of trunk .
The Main function of the rectus abdominis is to move the body between the ribcage and the pelvis with the help of oblique muscles that are attached on each side of the rectus abdominis.
These oblique muscles allows the trunk to twist when ever their is contractions . Rectus abdominis helps in flexions of trunk while other abdominal muscles compress the abdominal wall and laterally rotate the trunk.
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which of the following statement is not true about systematics? all homoplastic traits are due to convergent evolution. all derived traits are synapomorphies. all homoplasies are homologous traits. all synapomorphies are derived traits. all homologous traits are homoplasies.
all derived traits are synapomorphies. all homoplasies are homologous traits. these statements are not true about systematics.
What are homologous traits?Characteristics that can be passed down from parent to child are known as traits. In biology, the term "homologous" refers to a similarity in internal or chromosomal structures.
Therefore, homologous qualities are common characteristics among various but related species.
Examples of homologous structures include bat wings, mouse legs, human finger bones, crocodile legs, and other four-legged vertebrate legs. Another example would be the altered leaves of carnivorous plants, cacti, and poinsettias, as well as the skeletons of whales and hummingbirds.
Homologous chromosomal structures mean chromosomes that carry the same genetic material, even if the expression of the genetic material differs.
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a population of 5,000 mice has 400 dominant alleles and 3,600 recessive alleles. what is the frequency of dominant alleles in the population?
The frequency of dominant alleles in the population is 0.08.
Which trait evolved early in the development of land animals and helped animals overcome their dependency on water to reproduce?.
Answer:
Which trait evolved early in the development of land animals and helped animals overcome their dependency on water to reproduce?.
The amniotic egg
Which enzymes cleave the bond between adjacent nucleotides at sequence-specific sites within a dna molecule?.
At sequence-specific locations in a DNA molecule, restriction endonucleases enzymes sever the connection between neighboring nucleotides.
As they cleave DNA at or close to particular recognition sequences known as restriction sites, restriction enzymes are also referred to as "molecular scissors." These enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, make one cut on each of the two strands of DNA.
One restriction enzyme that does this is SmaI, which produces DNA fragments with a flat or blunt end by cutting directly through the DNA strands. Similar to EcoRI, other restriction enzymes also cleave DNA strands at nucleotides that are not symmetrically opposite one another.
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which muscle is highlighted? subclavius internal intercostal innermost intercostal splenius cervicis
The highlighted muscle in the given image is innermost intercostal.
Muscles are the mass of soft tissues that help in the movement of the various parts of the body. There are three types of muscles in human body. These are: the skeletal muscles, the categories muscles and the cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are the involuntary ones whereas the smooth and cardiac muscles are the voluntary ones that move on their own.
Innermost intercostal muscles are the third and innermost intercoastal muscles present at the intercostal spaces of the ribcage. It extends from the sternum to the ribcage. These muscles help the lungs during expiration.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
Which muscle is highlighted in the image given? subclavius, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, splenius cervicis.
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Which of the following would not be an adaptation animals live in the taiga ? A. Claws- climb trees, B. A burrow- for shelter, C. White winter coat- camouflage from predators , D. Extra fat stores- additional warmth. The purpose of evergreen coniferous trees losing their leaves in the fall/winter is. A. To retain more water, B. She’d weight for the impeding snowfalls, C. Most coniferous trees do not loose their leaves deciduous trees do. D. To shutdown photosynthesis and do dormant during the harsh winters. One plant growing on the floor of the tropical rainforest and the deciduous forest would be. A. Moss, B. Epiphytes, C. Small trees, D oak trees.
Confers Blueberry Bushes, Cowberry Bushes, Bilberry Bushes, Lichens, Mosses, Some Maple, Elm, Willow, and Oak Trees. Confers (Evergreen, Spruce, Fir and Pine).
What is adaption?For animals to thrive in the Taiga Biome, there are several adaptations. To escape the harsh winters, a lot of birds in the Taiga would move south. Other creatures will dig underground (rodents, shrews).In order to protect itself from predators, the Snowshoe Hare adapts by changing its color according to the season (becoming brownish in the summer and white in the winter). The seeds and berries of conifers will provide food for many of the birds. To escape the long, frigid winter, birds like ducks, geese, and waterfowl will migrate south.To assist them stay warm during the chilly winters, several animals in the Taiga will store additional layers of fat and fur. Many animals have grown huge feet or hooves as a coping mechanism.To learn more about adaption refer to:
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What is the sequence of the 5’ end of the mrna transcribed from this prokaryotic gene?.
UAGA is the sequence of the 5' end of the mRNA transcribed from this prokaryotic gene.
What is prokaryotic gene and what is the sequence of the 5' end of the mRNA transcribed from prokaryotic gene?Transcription is the first step in which a gene of the DNA is transcribed to make RNA molecules.The coding sequence of the DNA strand is the same for the transcription and then become the template of mRNA .Here the question is asked of the sequence of the 5' end of the mRNA transcribed from prokaryotic gene.Prokaryotic gene is the prokaryotic species and eukaryotic gene is gene of eukaryotic species.Hence UAGA is the sequence of the 5' end of the mRNA transcribed from this prokaryotic gene.To know more about gene visit:
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