1.B.1 No, the University cannot claim exclusion under Clause 8.5.3 of the ISO 9001:2015 Standard.
Explanation: Clause 8.5.3 of the ISO 9001:2015 Standard is a mandatory requirement that applies to all organizations seeking compliance with the standard. Exclusions can only be claimed for clauses that are not applicable to the organization's scope of certification. Since the University has confirmed that the clause is applicable, they cannot claim exclusion and must comply with its requirements.
1.B.2 If the anomaly is corrected, the University will be obligated to comply with Clause 8.5.3 of the ISO 9001:2015 Standard. This clause requires the University to identify, verify, protect, and safeguard customer and external provider property that is under their control or used in the provision of their services. The University would need to establish procedures to ensure the proper handling, storage, protection, and return of such property, as well as communicate any specific customer requirements related to property handling. Compliance with this clause ensures that customer and external provider property is appropriately managed and protected throughout the University's operations.
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Find an example of a Bertrand Game from the mainstream press.
Clearly identify the players, their strategies, and payoffs. Your
choice may cite an example of a Bertrand Game that was avoided or
one th
One example of a Bertrand game from the mainstream press is the airline industry's pricing competition.
In this game, the players are two or more airlines competing for passengers. The strategies of the airlines involve setting ticket prices for their flights. The payoffs are the profits earned by each airline based on the number of passengers they attract and the prices they charge.
In a Bertrand game, the players simultaneously set their prices, assuming that customers will choose the airline with the lowest price. This creates a competitive environment where airlines aim to undercut each other to attract more passengers. As a result, prices tend to be driven down to the marginal cost of providing the service.
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An advantage of issuing debt instead of equity is that
a. interest must be paid, regardless of earnings. b. the interest is tax deductible.c. it increases solvency or liquidity risks.d. no leverage is possible.
An advantage of issuing debt instead of equity is that the interest is tax deductible. Hence, option b is correct.
One advantage of issuing debt instead of equity is that the interest payments on debt are typically tax deductible for the borrower. This means that the company can deduct the interest expense from its taxable income, reducing its overall tax liability. This tax advantage can make debt financing more cost-effective compared to equity financing, where dividend payments are not tax deductible.
Option a is incorrect because interest payments on debt are typically required only if the company has earnings or generates sufficient cash flow to cover the interest obligations. If a company does not have earnings or cash flow, it may still be able to defer or negotiate interest payments.
Option c is incorrect because issuing debt does increase the company's solvency or liquidity risks. Debt creates obligations to repay the principal amount borrowed along with interest, and failure to meet these obligations can lead to financial distress or bankruptcy. However, it is not an advantage of issuing debt compared to equity.
Option d is incorrect because issuing debt involves leveraging the company's capital structure. Debt represents leverage as it allows a company to finance its operations and investments using borrowed funds, thereby magnifying potential returns to equity shareholders.
Therefore, option b is correct.
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What is measured on the horizontal axis on the Phillips curve diagram? a. unexpected inflation b. the output gap c. the price level d. real GDP
On the Phillips curve diagram, the horizontal axis typically represents the output gap. The output gap is the difference between the actual level of real GDP (gross domestic product) and the potential level of real GDP.
It measures the deviation of the economy output from its long-term trend or potential output. The Phillips curve, which shows the relationship between inflation and the output gap, helps to illustrate the trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the short run. By plotting the output gap on the horizontal axis, economists can analyze the relationship between inflation and the state of the economy, providing insights into the potential effects of economic policies on inflation and unemployment.The Phillips curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between inflation and unemployment in an economy. It is named after economist A.W. Phillips, who first observed this relationship in the 1950s. The curve is typically depicted with inflation on the vertical axis and a measure of economic activity on the horizontal axis.
The measure on the horizontal axis can vary depending on the specific version of the Phillips curve being used. In some cases, the horizontal axis represents the output gap, which is the difference between actual real GDP and potential real GDP. It reflects the difference between the actual level of economic output and the level that the economy could potentially produce if all resources were fully employed.
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In your own words, explain how your previous, current or future
employer can use strategic training to improve its training
programs. Explain how the strategic training would align with the
business s
Strategic training involves providing training programs that align with the business's objectives and goals.
Employers can use strategic training to improve their training programs in several ways. These include:Conducting a skills gap analysis: A skills gap analysis helps identify areas where employees lack skills and knowledge required to carry out their roles effectively. By conducting this analysis, employers can tailor their training programs to fill the gaps and improve their employees' productivity and performance.
Aligning training programs with business goals and objectives: Employers should align their training programs with their business goals and objectives. This ensures that employees acquire skills and knowledge relevant to their roles and the business's goals.
Developing clear performance metrics: By setting clear performance metrics, employers can evaluate employees' performance after training. This helps identify the impact of the training on employees and the business and determine the effectiveness of the training program.
Developing a comprehensive training program: A comprehensive training program should include various types of training, such as online training, classroom training, and on-the-job training. This ensures that employees acquire skills and knowledge from various sources and apply them to their work.
Providing ongoing training: Employers should provide ongoing training to employees to keep them updated on new technologies, policies, and procedures. This ensures that employees remain competent and productive in their roles and helps the business achieve its objectives. Therefore, employers can use strategic training to improve their training programs by conducting a skills gap analysis, aligning training programs with business goals and objectives, developing clear performance metrics, developing a comprehensive training program, and providing ongoing training.
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The employer can use strategic training to improve their training with programs that help in the development of employees, so that objectives and goals are achieved more efficiently.
What is strategic training?It corresponds to a system focused on developing the skills of employees in a strategic way, that is, developing staff so that there is an increase in motivation, productivity, work efficiency.
Therefore, strategic training focuses on providing techniques and methods that satisfy the difficulties and bottlenecks at work so that employees develop new capabilities and improve their skills so that the company is more positioned and competitive.
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Kaohsiung Spirit Airlines (KSA) is a small airline in the south of Taiwan. The no-fuss airlines offers only economy seats. Data on the airlines operations are presented below: • Seats per airplane (number) 240 • Percentage of seats filled (avg load factor) 65% • Avg fare per passenger (undiscounted) $85 • Avg variable cost per passenger $45 • Fixed operating costs per month $2,200,000 1 The cost of fuel is a significant variable cost to any airline. If fuel charges DECREASE by $8 per barrel, it is estimated that the variable cost per passenger will DECLINE to $40. In this case, calculate the new break-even point in passengers and in the number of flights (Refer back to original data.) 2 KSA has experienced an increase in variable cost per passenger to $55 and an increase in total fixed costs to $2,500,000. The company has decided to raise the average fare to $90. Calculate the number of passengers is needed to generate an after-tax profit of $400, 000 if the tax rate is 40 percent
The approximately 90,476 passengers are needed to generate an after-tax profit of $400,000, considering the given data and tax rate.
To calculate the new break-even point in passengers and the number of flights, we need to consider the changes in variable cost per passenger due to the decrease in fuel charges.
Break-even point (in passengers) = $2,200,000 / ($85 - $40)
Break-even point (in passengers) = $2,200,000 / $45
Break-even point (in passengers) = 48,888.89
Since we cannot have a fractional number of passengers, the new break-even point in passengers is rounded up to 48,889 passengers. airplane: Break-even point (in flights) = Break-even point (in passengers) / Seats per airplane the number of passengers needed to generate an after-tax profit of $400,000, considering the increase in variable cost per passenger and total fixed costs, we can use the following formula:
After-tax profit = Profit before tax - Tax
Profit before tax = After-tax profit / (1 - Tax rate)
Profit before tax = $400,000 / (1 - 0.40)
Profit before tax = $400,000 / 0.60
Profit before tax = $666,667
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thompson construction began a construction project in 2016. the contract price was $1,250,000, and the estimated costs were $1,000,000. data for each year of the contract are as follows:
Thompson Construction began a construction project in 2016 with a contract price of $1,250,000 and estimated costs of $1,000,000. This implies that the estimated profit for the project was $250,000. However, to determine the actual profit, we need to examine the data for each year of the contract.
In the first year of the contract, let's say 2016, Thompson Construction would have incurred some costs towards the project, but it's impossible to know the exact costs without further information. Let's assume that the actual costs for 2016 were $200,000. This would mean that the company had earned $50,000 in profit in the first year of the project. The profit margin for the year would be 20% ($50,000 profit divided by $250,000 estimated profit). Moving on to the next year, 2017, Thompson Construction would have incurred additional costs towards the project. Let's say the actual costs for 2017 were $300,000. This would bring the total costs for the project to $500,000 ($200,000 for 2016 + $300,000 for 2017). Subtracting the total costs from the contract price would give us the total revenue earned by the company so far, which would be $750,000 ($1,250,000 contract price - $500,000 total costs). The estimated profit remaining for the project would be $250,000 - $50,000 (earned in 2016) = $200,000. The profit margin for 2017 would be $50,000 / $200,000 = 25%.
We can continue this analysis for each year of the contract until the project is complete. By comparing the estimated profit margin with the actual profit margin for each year, we can determine how well Thompson Construction is managing the project. If the actual profit margin is higher than the estimated profit margin, it would mean that the company is performing better than expected. If the actual profit margin is lower than the estimated profit margin, it would mean that the company is underperforming. This information can be used by Thompson Construction to make adjustments to the project and improve its profitability.
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The action of the British government during the Opium War is an example of unilateral political action. How can you apply the Realistic Analytical perspective to explain why the drug lords of Central and Latin America have not applied similar action to impose the sale of illicit drugs in the USA
The Realistic Analytical perspective, which is rooted in international relations theory, emphasizes the role of power, self-interest, and state behavior in shaping political actions.
Applying this perspective, we can analyze why drug lords in Central and Latin America have not attempted to impose the sale of illicit drugs in the USA through unilateral political action. Firstly, the Realistic perspective recognizes that state actors have more power and resources compared to non-state actors like drug cartels. In this case, the USA possesses significant military capabilities and law enforcement agencies that can respond forcefully to any attempt by drug lords to impose drug sales. The power asymmetry between the drug cartels and the US government creates a significant deterrence for such actions. Secondly, the Realistic perspective highlights that states prioritize their national interests and the stability of the international system. Drug lords engaging in unilateral political actions to impose drug sales in the USA would likely disrupt regional stability and provoke a strong response from the US government.
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Pierce Furniture purchased land, paying $75,000 cash and signing a $310,000 note payable. In addition, Pierce paid delinquent property tax of $3,000, title insurance costing $4,500, and $5,000 to level the land and remove an unwanted building. The company then constructed an office building at a cost of $700,000. It also paid $53,000 for a fence around the property, $13,000 for a sign near the entrance, and $9,000 for special lighting of the grounds.Requirements 1. Determine the cost of the land, land improvements, and building. 2. Which of these assets will Pierce depreciate? Print Done
The cost of land is $397,500. The cost of land improvements is $75,000.
Cost of building: $700,000. Pierce Furniture will depreciate the building.
1. The cost of the land, land improvements, and building can be determined as follows:
Cost of land: $75,000 (cash payment) + $310,000 (note payable) + $3,000 (delinquent property tax) + $4,500 (title insurance) + $5,000 (land leveling and building removal) = $397,500.
Cost of land improvements: $53,000 (fence) + $13,000 (sign) + $9,000 (special lighting) = $75,000.
Cost of building: $700,000.
2. Pierce Furniture will depreciate the building. The land is not depreciated because it is considered to have an indefinite useful life, and land improvements are typically depreciated separately from the building.
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The manager of your favorite Starbucks has asked you to use your marketing skills to help attract people like yourself to "his/her" Starbucks. The manager wants a complete evaluation of the experience, covering the sequence of events from a customer’s first media exposure, to being there, to the
trip home. To do this, visit a few Starbucks with your mind open to all sensations that might attract or lose new customers.
Make a list of what you see, hear, taste, smell, and feel during your visits. What did you hear? What is the place like? What sort of customers does it attract? What mood do the customers create? Compared to other Starbucks, what is especially attractive or unattractive about this one? What can you buy? What is its quality and price?
Provide a detailed set of recommendations to the manager of your favorite Starbucks
Starbucks has been one of the world's most well-known coffee chains for decades. Starbucks is famous for providing its customers with high-quality coffee and a one-of-a-kind coffee experience.
The company's success is based on a variety of factors that appeal to a wide range of customers. Some of these factors include the ambiance, customer service, menu selection, and overall coffee quality. Starbucks's marketing strategy, which has evolved significantly over the years, has been a significant factor in its success. The following are some marketing recommendations for the Starbucks manager:
1. Advertise on Social Media: Social media is an excellent platform for promoting and advertising products and services. The majority of customers use social media, and Starbucks should take advantage of this trend by promoting its products.
2. Improve the In-Store Experience: The ambiance of a Starbucks is critical in attracting and retaining customers. Starbucks should ensure that the atmosphere in its stores is relaxing and welcoming. This includes ensuring that the lighting is adequate, the seating is comfortable, and the background music is calming.
3. Expand the Menu: Starbucks should provide more menu options to cater to different dietary needs. The menu should include gluten-free and vegan options. This will attract customers who are health-conscious and looking for options that fit their lifestyle.
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the amount of cash paid for s&a expenses during the month of november is
I'm sorry, but without additional information, I cannot provide a specific answer to your question.
The amount of cash paid for S&A (selling and administrative) expenses during the month of November will depend on various factors, such as the company's size, industry, and financial situation. S&A expenses generally include costs related to marketing, advertising, salaries and benefits of administrative staff, office supplies, rent, and utilities. To determine the exact amount of cash paid for S&A expenses during November, you would need to refer to the company's financial statements or accounting records.
S&A expenses are a significant component of a company's operating expenses, which can impact its profitability and cash flow. Understanding the amount of cash paid for S&A expenses during a specific period, such as November, can help business owners and managers assess their company's financial performance and make informed decisions about future investments and expenditures. However, this information is specific to each company and cannot be provided without further context. To provide the amount of cash paid for S&A (Selling and Administrative) expenses during the month of November, I would need the specific figures or data related to those expenses. S&A expenses are costs related to the selling and administrative functions of a business. These can include salaries, rent, advertising, and other operating costs. To calculate the cash paid for these expenses during November, you would need to sum up all the relevant costs incurred in that month.
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cryptosystems address which of the properties of secure information?
Cryptosystems address several properties of secure information. Cryptosystems, which include cryptographic algorithms and protocols, are designed to address various properties of secure information.
These properties include confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Confidentiality is the property that ensures that information is kept private and inaccessible to unauthorized entities. Cryptosystems use encryption algorithms to transform plaintext into ciphertext, making it unintelligible to anyone without the appropriate decryption key. By employing strong encryption techniques, cryptosystems protect sensitive information from being compromised.
Integrity ensures that information remains unaltered and trustworthy. Cryptographic techniques such as digital signatures and message authentication codes (MACs) are used in cryptosystems to detect any unauthorized modifications to the data. These techniques provide a means to verify the integrity of the information and ensure that it has not been tampered with during transmission or storage.
Authentication verifies the identity of users or entities involved in a communication. Cryptosystems employ techniques such as digital certificates, public-key infrastructure (PKI), and secure key exchange protocols to establish the authenticity of the parties involved. By verifying identities, cryptosystems prevent unauthorized access and mitigate the risk of impersonation or fraud.
Non-repudiation is the property that prevents individuals from denying their involvement or actions in a communication. Cryptosystems employ digital signatures, which are cryptographic mechanisms that bind a message to the sender's identity, making it difficult for the sender to deny sending the message. This property helps establish accountability and can be essential in legal or contractual contexts.
In summary, cryptosystems address the properties of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation, providing a framework to secure information and communications. By leveraging cryptographic techniques, these systems ensure the privacy, trustworthiness, and accountability of sensitive data.
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Consider the overlapping generations model. Let the number of young people born each period be constant, at N. There is a constant stock of fiat money, M. Each young person born in period t is endowed with yt units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. A person’s endowment grows over time so that yt=αyt−1, where α >1; that is, the young in the next period have a higher endowment than the young in the previous period. For simplicity, assume that in each period t, people desire to hold real money balances equal to one half of their endowment, so that vtmt=yt/2.
1. Show that yt= (α)ty0
The equation yt = αty0 implies exponential growth of the endowment over time, where yt represents the endowment of young people in each period, y0 is the initial endowment, and α is the growth factor.
The equation yt = αty0 can be derived by recursively applying the growth factor α. Starting from the initial endowment y0, we can calculate the endowment in the next period as yt+1 = αyt. Substituting this equation into itself multiple times, we get yt = αty0.
This exponential growth of the endowment reflects the assumption that each young person in the next period receives a higher endowment than the previous period. The growth factor α represents the rate at which the endowment increases. As α is greater than 1, the endowment grows multiplicatively with each period.
The equation yt = αty0 is a key result in the overlapping generations model, as it characterizes the dynamics of the endowment over time. It shows how the endowment of young individuals accumulates and increases over successive periods, driven by the growth factor α.
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Incident Report Investigation (5 marks) Incident report Section 1: What went wrong? (5 marks) As the safety officer your job is to conduct an investigation into the incident and along with the HSR suggest steps that should be taken to improve the OHS practice to prevent this happening again. Read the version of events written by the PhD student (Harriet Jones) involved and conduct an incident report, fill out "Part 2" of the Hazard/Near Miss Report (below) (5 marks): Itemise up to five (5) corrective actions/controls that need improvement, and who is responsible for implementation of improvements to prevent this occurring again. Think about the higher level (hierarchy of controls) OHS systems not just the individual actions of the day. Hazard/Near-Miss-Report Federation UNIVERSITY AUSTRALIA Risk, Health and Safety Part-1-(To-be-completed-by-person-reporting-Hazard-or-Near-Miss) Date of Report: 10/02/2020 Campus: Gippsland → Name-of-Person-Reporting:-Harriet Jones Faculty/Directorate:-School-of-Health-and-Life-Sciences Precise-Location-of-Hazard/Near-Miss:--Baw-Baw-National-park Name-of-Management-Rep-to-whom-Hazard-was-reported: Safety Officer-Jane-Smyth Name-of-H&S-Rep-to-whom-Hazard-was-reported: Patricia-Howe 1 Description-of-Hazard/Near-Miss:- "l-set-out-to-the-site-before-dawn-and-decided-to-tell-my-supervisor-later-when-I-got-to-the-Nationa park-so-as-not-to-wake-her-too-early-l-packed-lunch, water, -took-my-mobile-and-GPS.-I-drove-to-the-nationa park-(about 2hrs)-and-listened-to-the-radio-and-heard that there was a total-fire-ban-and-a-high-fire-risk-day, but -don't-need-to-use-tools-or-light-a-fire-so-it-doesn't really-affect-me-l-drove-up-the-dirt-road-into-the-park-an: as-l-got-further-from-the-highway-radio-reception-became-poor-and-l-lost-the-signal.-I-was-searching-for-another radio-channel-when-a-wombat-ran-across-the-road-in-front-of-me.-I-swerved-slightly-and-slammed-on-the-brake but-the-car-skidded-off-the-track-and-hit-a-tree.-The-airbag-went-off-and-I-was-winded-and-shaken-but-not-really nurt-l-had-my-seatbelt-on. Everything-in-the-vehicle-slammed-forward-and-crashed-off-the-inside-of-the-car-an: the-GPS-broke. The-car-was-stuck-against-a-tree-down-a-short-slope-off-the-dirt-track, badly damaged. I-reached-for-my-mobil: which was-working-OK-but-there-was-no-signal,-and-only-now-l-realise-that-l-did-not-call-my-supervisor-before turned-off-the-highway-and-lost-reception-so-she-didn't-know-l-was-there. As-I-got-out-of-the-car-my-foot-slid-on-a-branch-and-I-fell, banging-my-head-on-the-sill-of-the-doorway-and-twiste: my-ankle.-I-could-then-smell-smoke-and-I-can-see-under-the-car-that-the-hot-engine-was-causing-the-grasses-and pil-to-smolder.-I-was-really-worried-about-a-fire-so-l-used-nearly-all-of-the-drinking-water-to-douse-the-grass-and the-smoking-stopped.-1-felt-very-dizzy-and-drank-what-was-left-of-the-water. I tried-to-walk-to-get-better-reception on-the-phone-but-l-could-not-put-any-weight-on-my-foot-so-was-stuck-so-l-just-waited-for-someone-to-come during-which-time-my-ankle-swelled-up. It-is-a-little-used-track-and-l-did-not-see-another-vehicle-in-the-past-hour whilst-driving-so-l-knew-it-could-be-a-long-wait.-I-didn't-tell-anyone-where-l-was-going-and-knew-l-would-not-b: missed-for-another-five-or-six-hours. I was rescued-five-hours-later-by-a-park-ranger-returning-from-a-patrol, who gave-me-water-and-took-me-to-the-hospital
According to the incident report provided by Harriet Jones, there were several factors that contributed to the incident. Firstly, she ignored the total-fire-ban warning and high fire risk day which put her in danger. Secondly, she lost radio reception and GPS signal which caused her to swerve and crash her car.
Thirdly, she did not inform her supervisor of her location which delayed the rescue process. Fourthly, she fell and injured herself while trying to walk to get better phone reception. Lastly, she did not have enough drinking water to sustain herself during the wait for rescue.
Firstly, there should be strict adherence to the total-fire-ban warnings and high fire risk days. Secondly, the GPS and radio systems need to be updated to ensure constant connectivity. Thirdly, employees must always inform their supervisors of their location and the duration of their stay.
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The double-entry principle in the balance of payments How will the following transactions affect the U.S. balance of payments? Miguel, a U.S. resident, buys an HDTV set for $2,500 and sends it to Mexico as a gift to his parents. This transaction will appear as a credit in the account and as a debit in the account. Bill, a U.S. resident, pays $5,000 from his checking account held in the United States to buy shares of stock issued by a German company. account and as a debit in the This transaction will appear as a credit in the account. A U.S. computer manufacturer purchases hard disks from a Korean company, paying the funds from its bank account in Korea. This transaction will appear as a credit in the account. account and as a debit in the
The double-entry principle in the balance of payments ensures that every transaction is recorded as both a credit and a debit in different accounts. In the case of Miguel's gift, this transaction will appear as a credit in the current account, reflecting the exported goods, and as a debit in the capital account, as a financial outflow for the purchase of the HDTV.
When Bill buys shares of stock in a German company, the transaction will appear as a credit in the financial account, reflecting the inflow of capital from the foreign investment, and as a debit in the capital account, representing the outflow of funds from his U.S. checking account.
Finally, the U.S. computer manufacturer's purchase of hard disks from a Korean company will appear as a credit in the current account, reflecting the import of goods, and as a debit in the financial account, since the payment was made using the U.S. company's bank account in Korea.
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Economic analysis of product development projects must evaluate which of the following? Select one: O a. Planned profitability of the product O b. Expected market share to be attained ut of c. Net present value of profits d. Timing and amount of net cash flow e. Demand elasticity of the product
The net present value of earnings must be assessed throughout the economic analysis of product development projects.
The net present value of earnings is an important component to take into account when doing an economic analysis of product development projects. A financial statistic known as net present value (NPV) determines the present value of anticipated cash flows related to the project by accounting for time and volume of net cash flow.
Analysts can ascertain the project's financial viability and profitability by calculating the NPV. The NPV analysis takes into account the anticipated income and expenditures over the course of the project and discounts them to their present value using a suitable discount rate. A project is considered financially appealing if its predicted net present value (NPV) is greater than its original outlay.
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A business operated at 100% of capacity during its first month and incurred the following costs: Production costs (18,800 units): Direct materials $172,800 Direct labor 222,400 Variable factory overhead 262,600 Fixed factory overhead 100,500 $758,300 Operating expenses: Variable operating expenses $132,200 Fixed operating expenses 42,300 174,500
If 1,900 units remain unsold at the end of the month and sales total $1,111,000 for the month, what would be the amount of income from operations reported on the absorption costing income statement?
a. $76,637
b. $244,680
c. $254,754
d. $66,480
The amount of income from operations reported on the absorption costing income statement is $76,637.In Absorption Costing method, fixed and variable costs are included in the product's cost and inventory. Absorption costing is also known as full costing. A is the correct answer.
The formula for calculating income from operation under absorption costing is:Selling price per unit - Total unit costSales total = $1,111,000Less: Total unit cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable factory overhead + Fixed factory overhead= $172,800 + $222,400 + $262,600 + $100,500= $758,300
Unit cost = $758,300 / 18,800 units= $40.33Total unit cost for 1,900 unsold units = 1,900 × $40.33= $76,637Hence, the amount of income from operations reported on the absorption costing income statement is $76,637.
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• About Engineering EconomyA plastic processing factory, using an extruder machine in its production process. The operating and maintenance costs of this extruder machine are estimated at the end of year 1 at 200 million, and will increase by 20 million every year for 7 years. Question : Draw a flow chart and what is the nominal amount of funds that must be budgeted at this time, so that it can be sufficient for the operational and maintenance costs of the extruder machine for 8 years, if the interest rate is 10% per year.
To ensure sufficient funds for the operational and maintenance costs of the extruder machine for 8 years, a budget of 351.6 million needs to be allocated at this time. A budget of 351.6 million needs to be allocated at this time to ensure sufficient funds for the operational and maintenance costs.
The flow chart for this scenario would involve calculating the future value of the operating and maintenance costs over 8 years, considering the annual increase and the interest rate. Here's the step-by-step explanation:
Determine the cash flow for each year: The initial cost in year 1 is 200 million, and it increases by 20 million each subsequent year for a total of 7 years.
Apply the interest rate: To account for the time value of money, we need to find the future value of each cash flow. Using the interest rate of 10%, we calculate the future value factor for each year.
Calculate the future value: Multiply the cash flow for each year by the corresponding future value factor.
Sum up the future values: Add up all the future values to obtain the total nominal amount of funds required for 8 years.
Considering these steps, the nominal amount of funds needed is calculated as follows:
200 million * [tex](1 + 0.10)^7[/tex]+ 220 million * [tex](1 + 0.10)^6[/tex]+ ... + 280 million * (1 + 0.10) + 300 million = 351.6 million.
Therefore, a budget of 351.6 million needs to be allocated at this time to ensure sufficient funds for the operational and maintenance costs of the extruder machine for 8 years, considering the increasing costs and the interest rate.
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On December 31, 2020, Green Bank enters into a debt restructuring agreement with Kingbird Inc., which is now experiencing financial trouble. The bank agrees to restructure a $1.1-million, 12% note receivable issued at par by the following modifications:
1.Reducing the principal obligation from $1.1 million to $0.88 million
2.Extending the maturity date from December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2023
3.Reducing the interest rate from 12% to 10%
1. The principal obligation of the debt is reduced from $1.1 million to $0.88 million.
In this debt restructuring agreement, the bank and Kingbird Inc. have agreed to lower the total amount owed from $1.1 million to $0.88 million. This reduction in the principal obligation reduces the overall debt burden for Kingbird Inc., potentially making it more manageable for the company to repay.
2. The maturity date of the debt is extended from December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2023.
The original maturity date for the debt was December 31, 2020, but as part of the restructuring, the bank and Kingbird Inc. have agreed to extend the deadline for repayment to December 31, 2023. This extension provides Kingbird Inc. with additional time to meet its payment obligations, allowing for a potentially more feasible repayment schedule.
3. The interest rate on the debt is reduced from 12% to 10%.
The initial interest rate on the debt was 12%, but as part of the restructuring agreement, the bank and Kingbird Inc. have agreed to lower the interest rate to 10%. This reduction in the interest rate helps to alleviate the financial burden on Kingbird Inc. by reducing the amount of interest it has to pay on the outstanding debt, potentially making it easier for the company to meet its payment obligations.
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You are advising a friend who sells paintings on the sidewalk. What price should she put on all the paintings given the following information:
Price $50 Quantity demanded 1
Price $40 Quantity demanded 2
Price $30 Quantity demanded 3
Price $20 Quantity demanded 4
And the fixed cost for her business is $30, while it costs her $20 to paint each additional painting, how many paintings should she sell if she sells each painting for the same price and what will that price be? Please show your work.
Go back to the example you used in the discussion of an example of price discrimination that you have experienced. Imagine that you are explaining to a friend who has not studied economics. Don't use the term "elasticity," but explain in words how this concept explains how the producer benefits from price discrimination.
Price discrimination allows producers to charge different prices to different customers based on their willingness to pay, maximizing profits by capturing more consumer surplus.
How does price discrimination benefit producers?Price discrimination allows producers to charge different prices to different customers based on their willingness to pay, maximizing profits by capturing more consumer surplus.
To determine the price at which your friend should sell the paintings, we need to consider both the demand for the paintings and the costs associated with producing them.
From the given information, we can observe that as the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases. This means that the demand curve for the paintings is downward sloping.
To find the optimal price, we need to find the point where the marginal cost of producing an additional painting equals the marginal revenue from selling that painting. In this case, the fixed cost for your friend's business is $30, and the additional cost of producing each painting is $20.
Let's analyze the data:
Price: $50 $40 $30 $20
Demand: 1 2 3 4
We can see that when the price is $50, only one painting is demanded. This means that the total revenue at this price is $50.
When the price decreases to $40, two paintings are demanded, resulting in a total revenue of $80 (2 paintings x $40).
Similarly, when the price decreases to $30, three paintings are demanded, leading to a total revenue of $90 (3 paintings x $30).
Lastly, when the price decreases to $20, four paintings are demanded, resulting in a total revenue of $80 (4 paintings x $20).
Now, let's calculate the marginal revenue:
Marginal Revenue (MR) = Change in Total Revenue / Change in Quantity Demanded
MR from selling the second painting: $80 - $50 = $30
MR from selling the third painting: $90 - $80 = $10
MR from selling the fourth painting: $80 - $90 = -$10
To find the optimal price, we need to equate the marginal cost and marginal revenue:
Marginal Cost (MC) = Additional Cost of Producing Each Painting = $20
Setting MR = MC:
For the first painting: $30 = $20 (no additional cost as it covers the fixed cost)
For the second painting: $30 = $20 (no additional cost)
For the third painting: $10 = $20 (additional cost incurred)
For the fourth painting: -$10 = $20 (additional cost incurred)
Based on this analysis, your friend should sell three paintings because at this quantity, the marginal revenue from the third painting ($10) equals the marginal cost of producing an additional painting ($20).
As for the price, the optimal price for your friend to sell each painting would be $30. At this price, she can sell three paintings and generate a total revenue of $90. This revenue will cover the fixed cost of $30 and the additional cost of $20 per painting, resulting in a profit.
Moving on to the concept of price discrimination, let's assume you recently booked a flight. When explaining price discrimination to your friend who hasn't studied economics, you could say:
"Price discrimination is when a company charges different prices to different customers for the same product or service. An example of this is when I booked my flight. I noticed that the person sitting next to me paid a different fare for the same destination and class. This happens because the airline is trying to maximize its profits by charging different prices based on various factors.
One way the airline benefits from price discrimination is by understanding that different customers have different levels of willingness to pay. For example, some people might urgently need to travel and are willing to pay a higher price, while others might be more price-sensitive and look for cheaper options. By offering different prices, the airline can capture a larger share of the market and extract more revenue from those customers who are willing to pay a higher price.
The concept of price discrimination helps the producer because it allows them to optimize their revenue
. By identifying and segmenting customers based on their willingness to pay, they can charge higher prices to customers who value the product or service more and lower prices to attract price-sensitive customers. This way, the producer can capture more consumer surplus, which is the additional value that customers receive from a product but are willing to pay less for. Ultimately, price discrimination helps the producer maximize their profits by tailoring prices to different customers."
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Trey files a joint return with his wife. They have two dependents, his daughters, ages 14 and 18, at year-end. Their AGI is $422,300 What amount of child tax credit will they be able to claim in 2021?
In 2021, the child tax credit was subject to certain income limits and phase-out rules.
To determine the amount of child tax credit Trey and his wife can claim, we need to consider their income and the age of their dependents.For 2021, the child tax credit was $2,000 per qualifying child under the age of 17. However, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 made temporary changes to the child tax credit, increasing the credit amount and expanding eligibility.so it's always advisable to consult a tax professional or refer to the most recent tax guidelines for accurate information.
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under which inventory cost flow assumption does inventory on the balance sheet least approximate its current cost?
Under the inventory cost flow assumption of First-In, First-Out (FIFO), the inventory on the balance sheet least approximates its current cost.
The inventory cost flow assumption refers to the method used to determine the cost of inventory sold and the value of remaining inventory on the balance sheet. FIFO assumes that the first units purchased or produced are the first ones sold, meaning that the cost of the oldest inventory is matched with revenue first. This implies that the cost of the inventory recorded on the balance sheet represents the most recent purchases or production costs.
Therefore, under the FIFO assumption, the inventory on the balance sheet is based on the older, lower-cost inventory, which may not accurately reflect the current market value or replacement cost of the inventory. As a result, during periods of rising prices, FIFO tends to understate the cost of inventory on the balance sheet. This is because the inventory recorded at older, lower costs may not reflect the higher costs of acquiring or producing new inventory.
In contrast, under other inventory cost flow assumptions like Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) or weighted average cost, the inventory on the balance sheet may more closely approximate its current cost. LIFO matches the cost of the most recent inventory purchases with revenue first, which can provide a better reflection of current costs. Weighted average cost calculates the average cost of all inventory units, considering both older and newer costs, which can also provide a more balanced approximation of current costs.
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FILL THE BLANK. ********** in situations of crisis, managers go along a feedback loop that covers O Making decisions, watching and studying the situation and taking-action O Studying then evaluating the condition taking-action, placing decisions and watching Taking-action, evaluating the condition, placing decisions, and controlingl Making decisions, analyzing the situation, studying the condition, controlling and taking action
By following this process, managers can effectively manage the crisis and minimize the damage caused by it. In conclusion, during a crisis, managers go along a feedback loop that covers making decisions, analyzing the situation, studying the condition, controlling, and taking action to manage the situation.
The feedback loop is an essential part of crisis management and is a recurring process in which the managers move through several stages to make sure that the crisis is handled effectively. During a crisis, managers need to make crucial decisions and act quickly to manage the situation. The feedback loop helps to ensure that the decisions made are based on accurate information and are effective in dealing with the situation. The feedback loop in situations of crisis covers four main stages, namely making decisions, analyzing the situation, studying the condition, controlling, and taking action. Managers first make decisions based on the information available at the time. Then they analyze the situation, which involves understanding the situation and gathering more information about it. After analyzing the situation, managers study the condition, which involves identifying the cause of the crisis and the possible consequences if no action is taken. After studying the condition, managers take control by placing decisions and taking actions to address the crisis. The feedback loop helps managers to stay on top of the crisis and make informed decisions based on the information available to them.
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Scenario: One of your team members Aadam is a practising Muslim who is taking part in Ramadan. Aadam discusses this with you and you support his request to take a 10-minute break corresponding with the prayer times and fasts during work hours. Other team members have noticed that Aadam is taking breaks at peak times – and are saying it’s not fair that he can take a break when he pleases but they must wait for the ‘quiet period’. You overhear complaints about Aadam from other staff saying he isn’t a team player.
Question:
Below are two (2) key organisational policies you will need to refer to when handling conflict. Describe the purpose of each policy in your industry workplace and give an example of one procedure you would follow as a line manager to manage the conflict.
It is essential to ensure that all employees understand the expectations of professional behavior in the workplace. If the conflict persists, you can arrange for a meeting with all team members to discuss their concerns and find a mutually beneficial solution that supports Aadam's request while addressing the concerns of other team members.
As a manager, it is crucial to ensure that all policies are enforced and that all employees are treated fairly and equally in the workplace. Two key organizational policies that can be referred to in handling conflict include the company's diversity and inclusion policy and the code of conduct policy. Diversity and inclusion policy: The purpose of this policy is to ensure that all employees are treated equally and that diversity is embraced in the workplace. It aims to create an environment where individuals feel valued, respected, and supported, regardless of their religion, gender, sexual orientation, race, or ethnicity. Example of procedure: As a line manager, the first step in managing this conflict is to have a conversation with all team members. In this conversation, you can acknowledge Aadam's request for the 10-minute break during work hours to observe Ramadan and explain that this break is allowed under the company's diversity and inclusion policy. You can also address the concerns of the other team members and explain that all employees are treated equally under the policy, and that the breaks that Aadam is taking are not an exception. Code of conduct policy: The purpose of this policy is to set standards for professional behavior in the workplace. It outlines the expectations of employees with regard to their conduct and behavior, including their interactions with other employees, customers, and the public. Example of procedure: As a line manager, if any of the team members make derogatory comments about Aadam's religion or ethnicity, it would be appropriate to remind them of the company's code of conduct policy.
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q4 re
QUESTION 4 Which of the following statements is incorrect? O A. All are incorrect O B. Cash expenses are the total cash outflows within a given month O C. All are correct O D. Cash receipts is the tot
The correct statement is option B. Cash expenses are the total cash outflows within a given month.
Determine how the cash expenses are the total cash outflows within a month?Option B states that cash expenses are the total cash outflows within a given month. This statement is incorrect. Cash expenses refer to the actual cash payments made by an entity, which may include various types of expenses such as salaries, rent, utilities, supplies, etc.
However, not all cash outflows within a given month necessarily represent expenses. Some cash outflows may be related to the purchase of assets, repayment of loans, or other non-expense transactions.
Option A claims that all statements are incorrect, which cannot be true if option C states that all statements are correct. Therefore, option A is incorrect.
Option C claims that all statements are correct, which cannot be true since option B is incorrect. Therefore, option C is incorrect.
Option D is not mentioned in the given question.
In summary, the incorrect statement is option B, as cash expenses do not necessarily represent all cash outflows within a given month.
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A concert promoter prints T-shirts specifically for that concert date and artist, and sells them at the concession store outside the performance arena. The T-shirts cost $50 a piece to make and stock at the event. The selling price is $200 a piece, but a royalty of $75 has to be paid to the artist for each sale. Any unsold T-shirts are sold off to an online marketplace at $10 a piece. The demand for T-shirts is estimated having a mean of 350 and standard deviation of 70. Q37 What is the optimal service level for the promoter? a. 65% b. 38% c. 75% d. 98% e. 50%
When an asset reaches the end of its useful life, its salvage value is estimated. It represents the price at which a business could dispose of the asset following its complete depreciation.
In contrast, an asset's book value is its worth as it appears on a company's balance sheet.
When an item has reached the end of its useful life and can no longer be used for its intended function, it is said to have a salvage value or scrap value. For instance, if a company's machinery has a lifespan of five years and only has a worth of $5,000 after that time, the salvage value of that machinery is five thousand dollars.
The right response is A. 65%
AMOUNT PAID = 50
200 - 75 = 125 IS THE SALES PRICE
VALUE OF SALVAGE = 10
Cost of scarcity (Cs) equals sales price minus cost price (125 minus 50) equals 75.
Cost of overage (Co) equals cost price minus salvage value, or 50 minus 10, or 40.
Service level is calculated as follows: Cs = Cs + Co = 75/(75 + 40) = 0.6522, or 65%
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I like in a town that is about 40 mins away from Cleveland Ohio. My family like to call it the middle of nowhere since we have a whole bunch of farmlands and nothing super exciting going on. We are just a small town that you would see in a Hallmark Movie. I would like to talk about Walmart in my town. I believe the company chose this area due to our location. Walmart draws you in with their low prices and you can find almost everything there. In a town like mine, is important to find the bulk of what you need in one place, or else you might have to travel farther than you like to get something.
The strength of Walmart being in this area is no competitors are out here. The weakness of Walmart being in this area is this big box store is killing the local mom-and-pop shops. It's so much easier to just go to Walmart but my town does a good job of keeping the local market going
In response to your peers, be sure to offer suggestions for additional strengths and weaknesses of the chosen location.
One additional strength of Walmart being in this location is that it provides job opportunities for the locals.
Since the town is small and doesn't have many job opportunities, having Walmart in the area can be a major advantage. Moreover, Walmart being a big company can offer better benefits and job security to their employees. On the other hand, one weakness of Walmart being in this area is that it can contribute to traffic congestion. Since Walmart is a popular destination for people in the town and nearby areas, it can cause heavy traffic and long lines, especially during peak hours. Moreover, Walmart's presence in the town can also lead to increased noise and pollution levels, which can be a nuisance to the locals.
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QUESTION 4 (25 marks) Harvey is currently preparing its budget for the year ended 30 September 2002. The company manufactures and sells three products, Beta, Delta and Gamma. The unit selling price an
Currently, Harvey is working on its budget for the fiscal year that ends on September 30, 2002. The business produces and sells three separate goods as part of its operations: Beta, Delta, and Gamma.
The price at which each individual unit of a product is sold to clients is referred to as the unit selling price. As it directly affects the amount of income the company generates, it is an important component of the budgeting process. Typically, a number of variables, such as production costs, market demand, rivalry, and desired profit margins, are used to establish the unit selling price. The budgeting team at Harvey will evaluate these variables in order to determine acceptable and competitive unit selling prices.
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another mcq option is 4
Allowing a cycle time of 5 minutes. Task Time Work Task (seconds) A 70 B 60 C 120 D 60 240 100 190 3 6 2 E F G Calculate the theoretical minimum number of workstations? Immediate Predecessor(s) A B C,
According to the statement the theoretical minimum number of workstations required to complete the process is 18.
Workstations are used in manufacturing and production facilities to provide workspaces for workers. The theoretical minimum number of workstations can be calculated using the following formula:Tmin = Sum of task times/ cycle timeThe minimum number of workstations required to complete the process is given by the value of Tmin rounded up to the nearest whole number. Task Time Work Task (seconds) A 70 B 60 C 120 D 60 240 100 190 3 6 2 E F GWe are provided with the above table with task times and immediate predecessors. We need to calculate the theoretical minimum number of workstations.Let's calculate the cycle time using the given data:Cycle Time = HCF (3, 6, 2) * 5 min= 30 minNext, we will calculate the task time sum using the given data:Task Time Sum = 240 + 100 + 190 = 530 secondsNow, we will substitute the values in the formula and calculate the theoretical minimum number of workstations:Tmin = Task Time Sum/ Cycle Time= 530/30= 17.67 ≈ 18Therefore, the theoretical minimum number of workstations required to complete the process is 18.
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Question 1 The Trial Balance of Kimmy's Junk business as at 31 December year 9 as follow: DR CR £ £ Bank 18,010 Capital as at 31 December year 8 Fixture and fitting at cost 90,950 1,200 General expenses 14,000 Insurance 5,000 Interest paid 7,000 inventory at 31 Dec Year 8 3,000 Lightening and heating 12,000 100,000 Loan from Bank of Ruristan Payables 32,000 Provision for bad debts 1,880 Accumulated depreciation on delivery van as at 31 Dec year 8 9,760 Accumulated depreciation on fixture and fitting as at 31 Dec year 8 720 Accumulated depreciation on premises as at 31 Dec year 8 24,000 Purchases 47,000 Trade receivables 41,100 Sales revenue 225,000 Shop premises at cost 300,000 20,000 Delivery van at cost Wages 16,000 484,310 484,310 Adjustments 1. Closing inventory as at 31 December Year 9 amounted to £ 4,000. 2. Depreciation is to be provided on shop premises on a straight line basis at 2per cent per annum. 3. Depreciation is to be provided on fixtures and fittings on a straight line basis at 10 per cent per annum. 4. Depreciation is to be provided on the delivery van at 20 per cent per annum on a diminishing balance basis. 5. The electricity bill for the three months ending on 28 February Year 10 amounts to £2,700 and has not yet been recorded in the accounts. 6. The amount shown for insurance includes £ 1,200 for the three-month period 1 November Year 9 to 31 January Year 10. 7. A specific debt of £ 1,100 is to be written off as irrecoverable. 8. The provision for bad debts is to be adjusted to be 5 per cent of receivables. 2 | Page 9. On 31 December Jimmy took drawings from the business of £18,000, which have not been recorded. Required: 1. Prepare the Income Statement for the year ended 31 December Year 9 (25 Marks) 2. Prepare the Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December Year 9 (25 Marks)
In order to prepare the income statement, we must first determine the various incomes and expenses from the information provided in the trial balance.
The various incomes and expenses have been arranged under the income statement headings in the table below:
Income Statement for the year ended 31 December Year 9 Particulars Amount £ Amount £ Sales revenue 225,000 Less: Cost of goods sold Opening inventory 3,000 Add: Purchases 47,000 Less: Closing inventory 4,000 46,000 Gross profit 179,000 Less: Expenses General expenses 14,000 Wages 16,000 Lighting and heating 12,000 Depreciation on shop premises 6,000 Depreciation on fixtures and fittings 9,095 Depreciation on delivery van 6,017 Insurance 3,800 Interest paid 7,000 Provision for bad debts 2,055 66,967 Net profit before drawings 112,033 Less: Drawings 18,000 Net profit 94,033.
We see that Kimmy's Junk business earned £225,000 in revenue in the year ended 31 December Year 9. Out of this, the cost of goods sold amounted to £46,000, leaving a gross profit of £179,000. Various expenses including general expenses, wages, lighting and heating, depreciation on shop premises, depreciation on fixtures and fittings, depreciation on delivery van, insurance, interest paid and provision for bad debts were then deducted to arrive at the net profit before drawings of £112,033. Finally, the drawings of £18,000 were deducted from the net profit before arriving at the net profit for the year of £94,033. Part B: Prepare Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December Year 9In order to prepare the Statement of Financial Position, we must list all the assets, liabilities, and capital and then balance them.
The assets and liabilities have been arranged in the Statement of Financial Position below: Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December Year 9 Particulars £ £ Assets Shop premises at cost 300,000 Accumulated depreciation on shop premises as at 31 December year 9 12,000 Delivery van at cost 20,000 Accumulated depreciation on delivery van as at 31 December year 9 12,752 Fixture and fittings at cost 90,950 Accumulated depreciation on fixture and fittings as at 31 December year 9 20,695 Inventory at 31 December year 9 4,000 Trade receivables 41,100 Electricity Bill 2,700 Bank 18,010 510,207 Less: Liabilities Loan from Bank of Ruristan 100,000 Payables 32,000 132,000 Net Assets 378,207 Capital as at 31 December year 8 160,550 Add: Net profit for the year 94,033 Less: Drawings 18,000 236,583
The net profit of Kimmy's Junk business for the year ended 31 December Year 9 was £94,033. The Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December Year 9 showed that the total assets of the business amounted to £510,207 and the total liabilities amounted to £132,000. The net assets of the business were therefore £378,207. The capital of the business as at 31 December year 8 was £160,550. After taking into account net profit and drawings, the capital as at 31 December Year 9 was £236,583.
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Consider the following returns for two investments, A and B,
over the past four years: Investment 1: 1% 10% -7% 6% Investment 2:
5% 10% -13% 13%
Calculate the standard deviation
The standard deviation for Investment 1 is approximately 6.03% and for Investment 2 is approximately 9.96%.
Calculate the average (mean) return for each investment:
For Investment 1: (1% + 10% - 7% + 6%) / 4 = 2.5%
For Investment 2: (5% + 10% - 13% + 13%) / 4 = 3.75%
Calculate the deviation of each individual return from the mean:
For Investment 1: Subtract the mean (2.5%) from each return and square the result for each year:
(1% - 2.5%)² = 2.25%
(10% - 2.5%)² = 49.0%
(-7% - 2.5%)² = 81.0%
(6% - 2.5%)² = 12.25%
For Investment 2: Subtract the mean (3.75%) from each return and square the result for each year:
(5% - 3.75%)² = 1.56%
(10% - 3.75%)² = 23.44%
(-13% - 3.75%)² = 291.56%
(13% - 3.75%)² = 81.0%
Calculate the average of the squared deviations for each investment:
For Investment 1: (2.25% + 49.0% + 81.0% + 12.25%) / 4 = 36.375%
For Investment 2: (1.56% + 23.44% + 291.56% + 81.0%) / 4 = 99.14%
Take the square root of the average squared deviation to get the standard deviation:
For Investment 1: √36.375% ≈ 6.03%
For Investment 2: √99.14% ≈ 9.96%
Investment refers to the act of allocating resources, such as money, time, or effort, with the expectation of generating future returns or benefits. It involves committing capital to an asset, venture, or project with the goal of generating income, increasing wealth, or achieving specific financial objectives.
Investments can take various forms, including stocks, bonds, real estate, mutual funds, businesses, and more. The underlying principle is to put money into assets that have the potential to appreciate or generate income over time. By investing, individuals or organizations aim to grow their wealth, preserve purchasing power, and achieve financial goals like retirement planning, education funding, or capital appreciation.
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