Answer:
sublimation:heat taken in
condensation:heat given out
evaporation:heat taken in
boiling:heat taken in
melting:heat taken in
freezing:heat given out
Processes listed can be classified into two groups based on whether heat is taken in or given out by the particles.Heat is taken in melting,evaporation, sublimation while heat is given out in boiling,condensation and freezing.
Heat taken in by the particles:
1. Sublimation: This process occurs when a substance changes from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Heat is absorbed to break the intermolecular forces holding the particles in the solid phase.
2. Evaporation: This process happens when a liquid changes into a gas at temperatures below its boiling point. Heat is absorbed from the surroundings to overcome the intermolecular forces between the liquid particles.
3. Melting: Melting occurs when a solid substance changes into a liquid. Heat is absorbed to break the intermolecular forces holding the particles in the solid phase.
Heat given out by the particles:
1. Condensation: Condensation occurs when a gas changes into a liquid. Heat is released to the surroundings as the gas particles lose energy and come together to form liquid droplets.
2. Boiling: Boiling is the process where a liquid changes into a gas throughout its entire volume. Heat is released to the surroundings as the liquid particles gain energy and escape the liquid phase.
3. Freezing: Freezing is the process where a liquid changes into a solid. Heat is released to the surroundings as the liquid particles lose energy and arrange themselves into a regular pattern.
Thus, heat is taken in melting,evaporation, sublimation while heat is given out in boiling,condensation and freezing.
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Which material is a mixture?
A) air
B) water
C) hydrogen
D) ammonia
A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen used in rocket fuels. When burned in an excess of oxygen, a 0. 312 g sample yields 0. 458 g co2 and 0. 374 g h2o. In a separate experiment, the nitrogen content of a 0. 486 g sample is converted to 0. 226 g n2. What is the empirical formula of the compound?.
The empirical formula of the compound is [tex]CH_{4}N[/tex].
We calculate the empirical formula by calculating the mass of every individual element in the compound and then calculating the corresponding moles.
0.458 g CO2 / 44 g/mol = 0.0104 mol ⇒ 0.0104 mol of C ⇒ 0.0104 mol x 12 g/mol = 0.125 g of C
0.374 g H2O / 18 g/mol = 0.0208 mol ⇒ 0.0416 mol of H ⇒ 0.0416 mol x 1 g/mol = 0.0416 g of H
0.486 g : 0.226 g = 0.312 g : X
X = 0.145 g of N
0.145 g / 14 g/mol = 0.0104 mol of N
0.0104 mol of C
0.0416 mol of H
0.0104 mol of N
When divided by 0.0104 mol, we get the C : H : N ratio of 1 : 4 : 1, giving us the empirical formula of [tex]CH_{4}N[/tex].
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151 grams of SO2 is equal to how meany moles
Answer:
151 g SO₂ × [1 mol SO₂/64.06 g SO₂] = 2.36 mol SO₂
Explanation:
PLEASE I NEED HELP! Which postulate of Dalton's atomic model was later changed and why?
In Dalton Theory the atom of the same element has same mass found also wrong because some elements show different atoms having different masses.
Why postulate of Dalton's atomic model was later changed?That postulate of the Dalton atomic theory was changed that atom is indivisible particle and can be subdivided into smaller particles was later changed and then this statement comes forward that because the atoms can be divided into three more particles which are electron, proton and neutron.
1. The first statement of the Dalton's theory got wrong because due to the indivisibility of the atom.
2. The atom is the smallest particle also found wrong because the atom is further divided in the proton, electron and neutron.
3. The atom of the same element has same mass found also wrong because some elements show different atoms having different masses.
So we can conclude that in Dalton theory the atom of the same element has same mass found also wrong because some elements show different atoms having different masses.
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What are anisotropic azobenzene materials? how is the structure of the compounds related to this phenomenon?
Anisotropic azobenzene materials are photoresponsive materials, very important in photochemistry.
The π-conjugated system and ring-substitution in azobenzene gives specific absorption in the UV-visible range of the spectrum.
Anisotropy is the property of a material which allows it to assume different properties in different directions.
Azobenzene is an aromatic molecule where two phenyl rings are connected with azo bond (–N=N–); see the picture below.
Azobenzene has the mesogenic property.
Anisotropic azobenzene materials have photoresponsive properties such as birefringence, phase transition, photoinduced colloidal deformation, surface-relief-gratings, bending, spontaneous surface pattern and dichroism.
The spectra of the cis- and trans-azobenzenes are distinct but overlapping.
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3AgBr+GaPO4→Ag3PO4 +GaBr3
43g 54g 25g ?
What is the mass of GaBr,?
Is the reaction above a physical or chemical change?
How do you know?
Copper has two isotopes: Cu-63, and Cu-65. The percent abundance of Cu-63 is
69.1%. What is the average atomic mass of copper? Assume the masses listed
are 63.000 and 65.000.
Answer:
63.6 g/mol
Explanation:
If the percent abundance of Cu-63 is 69.1%, then Cu-65 is 30.1% since
100%-69.1%= 30.1%
To find the average atomic mass, multiiply the percentage with the corresponding mass then add the answers together.
(63 x 69.1%) + (65 x 30.1%) = average atomic mass
(63 x .691) + (65 x .301) = 43.533 + 20.085 = 63.618 g/mol = 63.6 g/mol
I REALLY NEED HELP WITH THIS ASSIGNMENT!
The maximum number of significant figure of the reading obtained in the thermometer is 3.
What is significant figure?Significant figures are used to establish the number which is presented in the form of digits.
A significant figure is a figure or a digit that contributes to how accurately something can be measured.
For the given thermometer, the reading of the digits is in 2 significant figure and the calibration is in one digit.
combining the 2 digits of reading and 1 digit calibration gives 3 significant figures.
Thus, the maximum number of significant figure of the reading obtained based on the calibration of the thermometer is 3.
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Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of lead(ii) nitrate and aluminum sulfate are combined?
Yes, the reaction will occur .
Al2(SO4)3+3Pb(No3)2 →3PbSO4+2Al(NO3)3.
How can you tell whether a chemical equation has no reaction?We use the (aq) mark to indicate a substance dissolves if it is soluble. We employ the (s) label with a substance and anticipate that it will precipitate out of solution if it is not soluble. There won't be any expected reaction if everything is solvable.
When aqueous solution of lead (II) nitrate and aluminium chloride are combined, lead(II) chloride will precipitate.
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A concrete column has a diameter of 370 mm and a length of 2.2 m. If the density (mass//volume) of concrete is 2.45 mg/m^3. Determine the weight of the column in pounds.
The weight of the column is 1273.85 pounds.
r = 370 mm/2 = 185 mm
r = 0.185 m; a radius of a concrete column
l = 2.2 m; a length of a concrete column
d = 2.45 Mg/m³; density of a concrete
V = r² × π × l
V = (0.185 m)² × 3.14 × 2.2 m
V = 0.236 m³; volume of a column
m = d × V
m = 2.45 Mg/m³ × 0.236 m³
m = 0.578 Mg
1 Mg = 1000 kg
m = 578.2 kg; mass of concrete
W = 578.2 kg × 9.8 m/s²
W = 5666.36 N
W = 5666.36 N × 0.225 Ibf/N
W = 1273.85 Ibf; weight of a concrete
The weight of an object is the amount of force acting on the object due to gravity. SI unit for weight is newton (N).
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The half-life of nickel-65 is 2.50 days. how much of a 100.-g sample remains after 7.50 days?
12.5g of a 100.-g sample remains after 7.50 days.
What is half-life?Half-life is the amount of time required for a substance's radioactivity to decrease to half its initial value, whereas mean life is the average lifetime of all the nuclei of a specific unstable atomic species.
Knowing about half-life is helpful for calculating steady-state concentrations and excretion rates for each particular drug.
Despite the fact that individual medications' half-lives vary, they always adhere to the same principle: 50% of the initial drug dose leaves the body after one half-life.
The half-life of xenon-124, or the typical amount of time needed for a collection of xenon-124 atoms to decay by half, is about 18 sextillion years (1.8 x 1022 years), or roughly 1 trillion times the universe's present age.
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A block has a mass of 4.726 g and a volume of 128.9 cm3. calculate the density in g/cm3.
Density = mass/volume
ρ=[tex]=m/v[/tex]
density = 4.726/128.9
density = 0.0366 g/cm3.
What is density?The term "density" refers to the quantity or mass per unit of volume in a particular substance. Mass divided by volume is the formula for calculating density.
Absolute density and relative density are the two main types of density. Relative density, also known as specific gravity, is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of a reference material. The reference substance is often water.
The formula to calculate density is the mass of an object divided by its volume. The standard units are kg/m3.
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A+14-karat+gold+ring+contains+58.3%+gold+and+weighs+12.41+g.+if+gold+sells+for+$308.00/ounce,+what+is+the+value+of+the+gold+in+the+ring?
The value of the gold in the ring is $78.50.
m(ring) = 12.41 g; mass of the ring
m(Au) = 0.583 × 12.41 g
m(Au) = 7.235 g; the mass of gold in the ring
m(Au) = 7.235 g × 0.0352 g/ounce
m(Au) = 0.255 ounce
value = 0.255 ounce × $308.00/ounce
value = $78.50; the value of the gold in the ring
Karat is a measure of the purity of gold. A gold karat is 1/24 part of the whole.
Gold is very ductile and can be drawn into a monoatomic wire or used in the production of rings.
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A+bare+helium+nucleus+has+two+positive+charges+and+a+mass+of+6.64+10-27+kg.+(a)+calculate+its+kinetic+energy+in+joules+at+7.20%+of+the+speed+of+light.
A+bare+helium+nucleus+has+two+positive+charges+and+a+mass+of+6.64+10-27+kg.+ 7.57×105 eV.
What is nucleus?When you look at a photograph of a cell, the nucleus is among the elements that is most evident. The nucleus, located in the centre of the cell, is home to all of the chromosomes, which are responsible for encoding the genetic material. Consequently, it is crucial to safeguard this area of the cell.
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus maintains all of the chromosomes inside and distinguishes between the chromosomes being inside the nucleus and the other organelles and parts of the cell remaining outside. There are pores in the nuclear membrane that enable molecules to enter and exit the nucleus as necessary, such as when RNA needs to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
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What is the maximum length of a stem used for pendant lighting before bracing is required?
With no additional bracing needed, the maximum length of the stem utilized for pendant lightning is 12 in. (300 mm) or less. Lateral braces or an explosive flexible coupling must be utilized within 12 inches of the lightning fixture if the length is greater than 12 inches.
If you're planning on installing pendant lighting in your home, you'll need to be aware of the maximum length of the stem that can be used. According to the National Electric Code, the maximum length of the stem for pendant lighting is 12 inches (300 mm) or less. If the length of the stem is greater than 12 inches, you'll need to use lateral braces or an explosive flexible coupling within 12 inches of the lightning fixture. This will help to ensure the safety of your home and prevent any damage from occurring.
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How many protonation states would a cys have if it were the n-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide?
This rule is used to quickly determine protonation, and hence charge state, and is extremely important to know (and easy to derive).
What is protonation?In many stoichiometric and catalytic reactions, protonation—a fundamental chemical reaction—takes place as a first step. Many biological macromolecules, including certain ions and molecules that can undergo more than one protonation, are classified as polybasic. Most acid-base reactions result in protonation and deprotonation (the removal of a proton), which are at the center of most theories relating to these reactions.
An element that protonates another element is referred to as a Brnsted-Lowry acid. In some analytical processes, such as electrospray mass spectrometry, protonation of a substrate is a necessary step since it causes the species' mass and charge to both increase by one unit. In addition to changing the charge and mass of a molecule or ion, protonation and deprotonation can also alter many other chemical properties.
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Molecules that increase the production and release of neurotransmitters are known as?
Molecules which increase neurotransmitter formation and release are termed as calcium.
The release of neurotransmitter molecules is triggered by an increase in calcium. When a neuron becomes depolarized and reaches a threshold, it sends an electrical signal called the action potential down the axon. When the action potential reaches the terminal, voltage gated calcium channels open. This causes an influx of calcium, which binds to proteins and allows the fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the membrane. This results in the release of increased level of neurotransmitter into the synapse, where it can cause changes in the postsynaptic cell.
What are Neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that neurons release in order to communicate with other neurons or effector tissues such as muscle. There are various types of neurotransmitters, each with a unique effect on the postsynaptic cell.
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What is the net force and direction of the block?
Answer:
We know that the forces are added if they are in the same direction and they are subtracted if they are in opposite directions. So, the net force = 10 N (North) + 10 N (North) = 20 N (North) and 8 N (West) - 8 N (East) = 0. Therefore the net force on the block is 20 N in the North direction.
Under what conditions do the wasteful side reaction of o2 with rubisco become significant?
The wasteful side reaction of o2 with rubisco takes place under increased temperature and intense light conditions.
In the Calvin cycle, photorespiration refers to the chemical reaction that takes place between enzyme rubisco and oxygen by using ATP under light conditions and increased temperature.
The resultant products of this reaction are phosphoglycolate and PGA.
Moreover, phosphoglycolate and PGA can not be utilized for the synthesis of RUBP instead these newly manufactured compounds are processed into a 3-PGA reaction to continue the Calvin cycle where they are consumed to generate glycolate which is ultimately transformed into glycerate.
To put it simply, photorespiration is a reaction in which oxygen combines with rubisco to form 3-PG and 2 phosphoglycolates.
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When sodium oxide is added dropwise to a buffered solution the_____ component of the buffer consumes the added hydroxide ion
When sodium oxide is added dropwise to a buffered solution the weak acid component of the buffer consumes the added hydroxide ion.
What is a buffer?A weak acid and its conjugate base must be present in a buffer. A solution containing these two components can be made in several ways: buffers can be made from weak acids or bases and their salts.
When a buffer is present in the solution, the hydroxide (OH-) ions react with the weak acid in the buffer solution rather than with water, resulting in water and A- ions.
Thus, the weak acid of the buffer absorbs the excess hydroxide ions from the solution.
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How many atoms of carbon are present in 8.06 grams of carbon tetrabromide ? atoms of carbon .
1.463×10²² atoms of carbon are present in carbon tetrabromide.
m(CBr₄) = 8.06 g; mass of carbon tetrabromide
M(CBr₄) = 331.63 g/mol; molar mass of carbon tetrabromide
n(CBr₄) = m(CBr₄) ÷ M(CBr₄)
n(CBr₄) = 8.06 g ÷ 331.63 g/mol
n(CBr₄) = 0.0243 mol; amount of carbon tetrabromide
There is one carbon atom in one molecule of carbon tetrabromide: n(CBr₄) : n(C) = 1 : 1
n(C) = 0.0243 mol; amount of carbon atom
N(C) = n(C) × Na.
N(C) = 0.0243 mol × 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
N(C) = 1.463×10²² atoms of carbon in carbon tetrabromide
Na - Avogadro constant or Avogadro number.
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What is the charge on the central metal atom, the coordination number, and the overall charge for the complex ion in the compound, nh4[fe(nh3)2(cn)4]?
The charge on the central metal atom is +3.
The coordination number is 6.
The overall charge for the complex ion in the compound is -1.
Iron is the central atom in the complex ion.
The overall charge for the complex ion in the compound is -1, because it is connected to ammonium cation.
Ammonium cation (NH₄⁺) has charge +1.
The compound must have the neutral charge.
Iron is connected with six ligands.
Ligand NH₃ has no charge, while the ligand CN has charge -1.
Overall charge for the complex ion = z(Fe) + 4 × (-1) = -1
z(Fe) = +3; the charge on the central metal atom.
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An unknown element has two isotopes, one with a mass of 14.00 amu and 98.632% abundance and one with a mass of 15.00 amu and 1.3668% abundance. Calculate its average atomic mass and identify the element.
The average atomic mass of the element = 14.0135 amu and the element is Nitrogen
Evaluating :
14.00 × 98.632 % + 15.00 × 1.3668 %
= 1,401.35 %
average atomic mass = [tex]\frac{1401.35}{100}[/tex]
= 14.0135 amu
Isotopes :
Isotopes are part of a family of an element that have all the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons in a nucleus defines the element's atomic number on the Periodic Table. Taking example, carbon is having six protons and it's atomic number 6.
Atomic mass :The average atomic mass (generally known as atomic weight) of an element is the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally participating sample of the element. Average masses are generally determined in unified atomic mass units (u), where 1 u is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a neutral atom of carbon-12.
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What is the molecular geometry around an atom in a molecule or ion which is surrounded by one lone pair of electrons and four single bonds.
The molecular geometry is seesaw.
The molecule has the seesaw geometry when it has the central atom with four single bonds with other atoms and one lone pair of electrons (AX4E1 in AXE notation).
VSEPR theory (The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory) uses the AXE notation.
The seesaw geometry is similar to a trigonal bipyramid.
Difference is that in the seesaw geometry one of the atoms is replaced by a lone pair of electrons.
A lone pair of electrons in the seesaw geometry is always in an equatorial position (see the picture below).
Some examples of the molecules with seesaw geometry are sulfur tetrachloride (SF4) and sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4).
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Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when a few drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the buffer. (nac2h3co2) of a 0.150 m acetic acid (h c2h3co2, ka = 1.8 10-5)
The equation for the reaction occurs when a few drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the buffer is:
[tex]NaOH[/tex] + [tex]Na[/tex][tex]C_{2[/tex][tex]H_{3}[/tex][tex]O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]HC_{2} H_{3} O_{2}[/tex] + [tex]Na_{2}O[/tex]
The NH3 uses the extra H+ ions that were added to the system by the addition of HCl (strong acid) to produce [tex]NH_{4}[/tex]+. Since all extra H+ ions have been captured and changed. The pH of the system hasn't altered significantly; [tex]NH_{4}[/tex]+ is a weaker acid.
When a strong acid (H3O+) is given to the buffer solution, the conjugate base in the buffer eats the hydronium ion, converting it into the water and the conjugate base's weak acid. As a result, there are more weak acids present and fewer conjugate bases as well.
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The pka of nh4 /nh3 is 9.25. calculate the ph of a solution containing 0.12 m nh4cl and 0.03 m naoh.
The pH of given solution is 8.77. It can be calculated by the pka value of NH₄/NH₃ and molar concentrations of both the ionic compounds.
A solution containing 0.12 NH₄Cl and 0.03 moles of NaOH undergoes a reaction in which NaOH reacts with NH₄Cl to form NaCl, producing NH₃ and H₂O.
NH₄Cl + NaOH = NH₃ + NaCl + H₂O
The pH is therefore equal to the sum of the pKa and the logarithm of the base concentration divided by the acidity. In both cases the base concentration is 0.03 molar. When sodium hydroxide is added, 1 mole of ammonia is produced for each mole added. The result is less ammonium with each addition of hydroxide.
This is how we come to a solution.
pH = pKa + log [base]/log [acid]
pH = 9.25 + log 0.03/log 0.12
pH = 8.77
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write out each of the following numbers in long form:
b) 3.5 x 10 to the -5 power
f) 5 x 10 to the -6 power
g) 9.823 x 10 to the -9 power
i) 2.6 x 10 to the -4 power
j) 8 x 10 to the 8th power
Explanation:
b) .000035
f) .000005
g) .000000009823
i) .00026
j) 800000000
Calculate the density of an unknown gas in g/l from the information that 10.9 l of the gas has a mass of 8.72 g. do not include units when submitting your answer.
0.8 is the density of an unknown gas in g/l that has a volume of 10.9 l and has a mass of 8.72 g.
What is density?
The definition of a material's density is the mass per unit volume of that substance. The ratio of mass to volume is known as density, or mass per unit volume. It calculates an object's material content in relation to its volume (cubic metre or cubic centimeter). Density is essentially a measurement of how tightly matter is packed.
Mass of the unknown gas = 8.72g
Volume of the gas = 10.9 l
Density of the gas = mass/volume = 8.72/10.9 g/l = 0.8g/l.
Thus, An unidentified gas with a volume of 10.9 l and a mass of 8.72 g has a density of 0.8 in g/l.
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A student is trying to identify an unknown mineral sample. The sample has a mass of 150 g and displaces 30 mL of water. Which mineral does the student have
please helpp
A solution of cacl2 in water forms a mixture that is 28.0alcium chloride by mass. if the total mass of the mixture is 663.2 g, what masses of cacl2 and water were used?
Mass of CaCl2 = 663.2 g x 28% = 185.696g
So, Mass of water = Total mass - Mass of CaCl2 = 663.2 g - 185.696 g
⇒ Mass of water = 477.504g
What is Mass?Mass is a physical body's total amount of matter. It also serves as a gauge for the body's inertia, or resistance to acceleration (change in velocity) in the presence of a net force. The strength of an object's gravitational pull to other bodies is also influenced by its mass.The kilogram is the primary mass unit in the SI (kg).While weight has to do with how strongly a gravitational field is drawing matter in, mass is the quantity of matter. As a result, while the weight will fluctuate depending on the quantity of mass and how far away the body is from the center of gravity, the mass is a more or less absolute dimension.To learn more about Mass, refer to:
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