a 22.0 kg crate is initially moving with a velocity of 3.90 m/s in a direction 440 west of north. how much work must be done on the crate to change its velocity to 6.67 m/s in a direction 63.00 south of east? do not include units.

Answers

Answer 1

The crate needs to put in 1000.63 Joule of work in order to shift its velocity from 0 to 6.67 m/s in the direction of 63.00 south-east.

What work is being done?

We are aware that the definition of labor is the multiplication of the force operating in the direction of the displacement (d) and its component.

Given,

A 22 kg container is initially traveling 440 degrees west of north at a speed of 3.90 m/s.

the cosine formula was used to compute the outcome velocity.

where angle ∅ = 440 + 90 + 63 = 593°

v² = (3.90)²+(6.67)² - 2(3.9)(6.67) cos 593

v² = 59.6989 + 52.026 × 0.601

v² = 59.6989 + 31.2676

v² = 90.9665

Resultant velocity V = 9.5376

V = 9.53 m/s

To calculate the much work that must be done on the crate to change its velocity to 6.67 m/s in a direction 63.0° south of east, Because energy and labor are equivalent, the kinetic energy formula is used.

W = 1/2mv²

Where,

m = 22 kg and

v = resultant velocity = 9.53 m/s

W = 0.5 x 22 x (9.53)²

W = 1000.63 Joule

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Related Questions

a 75.0-kg woman stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator that accelerates from rest to 30.0 m/ s in 2.00 s. (a) calculate the scale reading in newtons and compare it with her weight. (the scale exerts an upward force on her equal to its reading.) (b) what is unreasonable about the result? (c) which premise is unreasonable, or which premises are inconsistent?

Answers

The force of the elevator is 2250N.

We are given that,

Mass = m = 75kg

Acceleration = a = 30 m/s²

Therefore , the force on the elevator can be calculated ,

F = ma

Putting the values in above equation,

F =75kg × 30 m/s²

F = 2250N

Therefore , the force on the elevator can be given as 2250N.  

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How can this set up be changed to increase the mechanical advantage?
A. Shorten the distance between the spring scale and the fulcrum.
B. Move the fulcrum closer to the clay block.
C. Place a second clay block next to the first clay block.
D.Place a second clay block next to the first clay block.

Answers

The mechanical advantage Moves the fulcrum closer to the clay block. Option B.

You can increase the mechanical advantage of the lever by increasing the power arm or decreasing the load arm. The mechanical advantage of the lever can be increased by increasing the power arm or decreasing the load arm. To increase the mechanical advantage, we need to increase the force arm and decrease the load arm.

Decreasing incline increases mechanical advantage. However, the load has to travel long distances. The ideal mechanical advantage of an incline is the length of the incline divided by the vertical incline which is called the run-to-elevation ratio. Moving the fulcrum closer to the load increases the mechanical advantage. -Moving power away from the pivot increases mechanical advantage.

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Answer: It's B, Move the fulcrum closer to the clay block.

Explanation: I took the test.

Which high-level clouds typically form when a broad layer of air is lifted by large scale convergence?.

Answers

Extreme level and very high level (polar stratosphere) are how they are classified by altitude (polar mesospheric).

Although the tops of very massive cumulonimbi form clouds can penetrate the lower stratosphere, three of the five physical types that are present in the troposphere—stratiform, cirriform, and stratocumuli form—are also present at these higher levels.

Clouds in the stratosphere and mesosphere above the troposphere are categorized separately, with common names for the main categories and alpha-numeric nomenclature for the subtypes.

The list of cloud types divides all genera into four categories: high (cirri, cirrus), medium (alto), multi-level (nimbo, cumulo, cumulus), and low (nimbo, cumulo, cumulus) (strato-, stratus). The altitude level or levels in the troposphere at which each of the many cloud forms is typically found determines these classifications.

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Almost all children like and love a glow stick since it is a popular toy and safety device. They bend the small flexible plastic tube to break a small glass capsule inside, at which point the stick begins to glow. How do you think this works?.

Answers

They bend the small flexible plastic tube to break a small glass capsule inside, at which point the stick begins to glow. This works on the Concept of chemi-fluorescence.

Encapsulation is the term used to describe a number of dosage form strategies used to enclose medications in a comparatively stable shell known as a capsule. Consumers have viewed capsules as the most effective way to take medication. The "caplet" was created by drug manufacturers as a result of this in order to highlight the potency of their products, such as OTC analgesics.

When a substance absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation, chemi-fluorescence occurs and the substance emits light. It has luminescence characteristics. Several minerals and a variety of biological forms from all the kingdoms of life exhibit chemi-fluorescence frequently in nature. Indicating that the fluorophore is a component of or was extracted from a living organism, the latter is sometimes referred to as biofluorescence.

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Tuesday
(13.) A teacher had 48 red
pens. The ratio of red pens to
blue pens she owns is 6: 1.
How many pens did she have
in total?

Answers

If a teacher had 48 red pens and the ratio of red to blue pens she owns is 6:1, she will have a total of 56 pens

Let the number of red pens be R and the number of blue pens be B.

R = 48

R / B = 6 / 1

48 / B = 6 / 1

B = 48 / 6

B = 8

Total number of pens = Number of red pens + Number of blue pens

Total number of pens = R + B

Total number of pens = 48 + 8

Total number of pens = 56 pens

Therefore, she has a total of 56 pens

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An object is moving such that at time t=2s it is 19m from a reference point and at time t-6s it is 200m
from the reference point. What will be its average velocity?(a) 45.25m/s (b) 45.25m.. (c) 50m/s (d)55m/s

Answers

Average velocity of the object will be 45.25m/s. Option(a) is correct.

What is velocity?

The rate at which a body's displacement changes in relation to time is known as its velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. SI unit of velocity is meter/second.

Given parameters:

The position of the object at time t = 2s w.r.t. reference point is: x₁ = 19 m.

The position of the object at time t = 6s  w.r.t. reference point is: x₂ = 200 m.

Hence, time difference = 6 s -2s = 4s.

Displacement: d = x₂ - x₁ = 200 m - 19 m = 181 m.

Hence, average velocity: v = Displacement/time difference = 181 m / 4s = 45.25 m/s.

So, its average velocity will be 45.25m/s. Option(a) is correct.

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how can we dedue the presence and measure the mass of supermassive blakc kholes in teh center of the galaxy

Answers

The presence of a supermassive black hole can be deduced from observations of the high speeds of orbiting stars & gas, as evidenced by broad emission lines. The central mass can be estimated from Kepler's 3rd law.

Astronomers can observe clusters of stars and gas moving around the center of the galaxy and use these movements to infer the mass of the central black hole. We measure the motion of stars, vortices of gas around them, and now, thanks to the Event Horizon Telescope Imaging Project the diameter of black holes.

Astronomers at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy have successfully tested a new method for determining the mass of extreme black holes in quasars for the first time. This method is called spectrometry and is based on measurements of radiation emitted from gas near supermassive black holes. By tracking the movement of gas and dust near the black hole that is attracted to the black hole's mass, we can measure the mass of the black hole.

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Assume that a particular reaction evolves 250kJ of heat and that 30 kJ of PV work is gained by the system. What are the values of Interal energy and Enthalpy of the system and surroundings?

Answers

For this reaction the values of Internal energy of the system comes out to be -220K.

Internal energy of the surrounding comes out to be +220KJ. For system enthalpy is -190KJ and for surrounding it is +190KJ.

250KJ heat is evolved

30KJ work is done.

The change in the internal energy of a system is the sum of the both things, heat transferred and the work done. The heat flow is equal to the change in the internal energy of the system and the PV work done.

Internal energy of the system = heat + work done

Internal energy of the system = -250 + 30 = -220J

Since heat is evolved, then internal energy will be decreased that's why we put negative sign to the heat. And work is gained by the system that's why it will increase the internal energy of the system, so work done will be taken as positive.

Now, for surrounding internal energy of the surrounding= heat + work.

30KJ work is gained by system, so loss from the surrounding and 250KJ heat is gained by system from the surrounding. So internal energy of the surrounding= +220J

The enthalpy of the system is defined as the sum of its internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

Enthalpy of the system= -220KJ+30KJ= -190KJ

(negative sign of enthalpy indicates heat is released to the surrounding.)

Increase in enthalpy of the surroundings is equal to decrease in enthalpy of the system

Enthalpy of the surrounding= +220-30KJ = +190KJ.

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Dark colors absorb light. What happens with light colors?
A. They absorb light.
B. They contain light.
C. They split apart light.
D. They reflect light.

Answers

Light colors reflect light.

a ray of light goes from a material of higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index. which way does it bend?

Answers

The light bends towards the normal line when goes from higher refractive index to lower refractive index material.

Ray of light :

Ray of light is the name for the direct path that light takes.

Bending of a light is defined as:

The index of refraction of a substance affects how light bends

Refraction is the term for this bending of light, which causes it to split into various light wavelengths and display a rainbow (spectrum) of colors.

when light beam bends towards the normal when it moves from a rarer to a denser medium, and it bends away from the normal when it moves from a denser to a rarer medium.

The light bends towards the normal line when goes from higher refractive index to lower refractive index material.

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what is mach number?​

Answers

     Mach number is "the ratio of the speed of a body to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium" (Oxford Languages). Put simply, it's a ratio comparing the local flow velocity to the speed of sound in the medium.

     It is represented with the following formula. M is the mach number, u is the local flow velocity, and c is the speed of the sound in the medium.

                  [tex]\boxed{\displaystyle M=\frac{u}{c} }[/tex]

According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in a closed system will always.

Answers

According to the law of conservation of energy the total amount of energy in a closed system will always remain constant.

According to the law of conservation of energy, all the energy that is present in this world can only be converted from one form to another, it cannot be created or destroyed.

So, if there is a close system, the energy in that system will always remain constant because the energy will only change its state from one form to another.

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to determine if a rigid body is in equilibrium the vector sum of the gravitational forces acting on the particles of the body can be replaced by a single force acting at:

Answers

To determine if a rigid body is in equilibrium the vector sum of the gravitational forces acting on the particles of the body can be replaced by a single force acting at the center of gravity.

Net force is a single force of the vector sum of all the forces, and if the net force is identical to 0 then the item is considered equilibrium.

The middle of gravity is the average place of a load of an item. we will absolutely describe the motion of any object through space in phrases of the interpretation of the center of gravity of the item from one location to any other, and the rotation of the object about its center of gravity if it's far loose to rotate.

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A hollow, spherical shell with mass 2. 00 kg rolls without slipping down a slope. (a) find the acceleration, the friction force, and the minimum coefficient of static friction needed to prevent slipping. (b) how would your answers to part (a) change if the mass were doubled to 4. 00 kg?.

Answers

In consideration of Henry's law the molar mass of organic compound is 0.24 grams.

What is molar mass?

The molar mass of a chemical compound defined as the mass of a sample of that compound devided by the amount of substance which is the number of moles in that sample,measured in moles.

Sol-One of three asks what the mass of water is in grams and two and 1/2 liters of paper of Equis, 12.5% sodium chloride, 55 degrees Celsius. His problem tells us that pure water is 118 tour at 55 degrees Celsius. So the first thing that we have to do here is figure out wth e um, the mole fraction of thermal fractions, I suppose, of both sodium chloride and water.

We're dividing by molecular way to be trippy substances, uh, studying chloride being 58.44 grams per mole and water being 18.2 grand's for mole. That gets a 0.214 molds of sodium chloride and 4.86 months off water. So it can take both of these, uh, numbers of moles then and plug them into the, um, the pressure equation given and chapter 13 here. So the pressure of the solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solvent, which is here, water multiplied by the pressure of pure sullivan given to us in the problem.

We know those 2.5 liters. We're looking for this number of moles here. Ideal gas constant 0.8 to 6 leader atmospheres over mole Calvin. And then we have to convert, um, Celsius, the 55 degrees Celsius to Calvin. So remember that simply 55 degrees Celsius plus two year and 73 which gets US 328 Calvin. So solving all of that for the number of moles, then that gives us 0.133 off water and 2.5 liters of vapor. So last step, then, is to just convert that to Graham's, since the problem asks for a mass and not number moles. So you can plug that, um, basically into, uh, the molecular weight of water, just 18.2 grand's for mold. And that gives us keeping significant figures in mind. 0.24 grams.

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ip the weight of your 1410 kg car is supported equally by its four tires, each inflated to a gauge pressure of 32.0 lb/in2 . what gauge pressure is required to give an area of contact of 106 cm2 for each tire?

Answers

The gauge pressure required to give an area of contact of 106 cm2 for each tire is 35 lb/in².

Force  is a push or pulls upon an object because of the object's interplay with some different object. stress is a energy that could change the movement of an object. A pressure can cause an object with mass to alternate its pace, i.e., to reinforce up. strain also can be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has every significance and route, making it a vector amount.

Calculation:-

P = F/A

The force acting on the car is supported equally on four tires

The mass on each tire is ;

m = Total mass/4

= 1440 kg/4

= 360 kg

Thus, the force on each tire is

F = mg

  = (360 kg)(9.8)

 = 3528 N

The gauge pressure is 35 lb/in²

The phrase 'Force' has a unique meaning. At this degree, it is absolutely appropriate to describe a force as a push or a pull. A force is exerted on one object through another. The concept of a force isn't always restricted to living matters or non-living matters.

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3. A solar panel has an area of
1.25 m² and an efficiency of
21.0 percent. Find its output
to power if the insolation is
650 W/m².

Answers

Output power of the solar panel is 170.6 W.

What is solar panel?

Solar panels are those tools that take the sun's rays and turn them into heat or power.

An array of solar (or photovoltaic) cells make up a solar panel, which can be used to produce power thanks to the photovoltaic effect. On the surface of solar panels, these cells are organized in a grid-like configuration.

Given parameters:

Area of the solar panel: A = 1.25 m²

Efficiency of the solar panel; η = 21.0%

The insolation of it = 650 W/m².

Hence, input power of the solar panel: I =  insolation × area

= 650 × 1.25 W

= 812.5 W.

Output power of the solar panel: O = efficiency × input power

= 21.0% ×821.5 W

= 170.6 W.

Hence, its output power is 170.6 W.

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An inclined plane makes an angle of 35 degrees with the horizontal and has a pulley at its top. a 30kg block on the plane is connected to a freely hanging 20. 0 kg block by means of a cord passing over the pulley. compute the distance the 20. 0 kg block will fall in 2. 0s starting from rest

Answers

An inclined plane makes an angle of 35 degrees with the horizontal and has a pulley at its top. a 30kg block on the plane is connected to a freely hanging 20. 0 kg block by means of a cord passing over the pulley. The distance the 20. 0 kg block will fall in 2. 0s starting from rest will be s = 19.6 m

for block 1

F net = 0

Tension - gravitational force = mass * acceleration

T - m1 * g *sin (35) = m1a

  = m1a + m1 * g *sin (35)

  = m1 ( a + g sin (35) )

  = 30 ( a + 5.6 )

  = 30 ( a + 5.6 )  

T =  30 ( a + 5.6 )                  equation 1

for block 2

m2 g - T = m2 a

T = m2 g - m2 a

  = m2 ( g - a)

  = 20 ( 9.8 - a )

T = 20 ( 9.8 - a )                         equation 2

equating equation 1 and equation 2

30 ( a + 5.6 )  = 20 ( 9.8 - a )    

30 a + 168 = 196 - 20 a

50 a = 28

a = 0.56 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]

- s = ut - 1/2 * g * [tex]t^{2}[/tex]

-s = 0 - 1/2 * 9.8 * [tex]2^{2}[/tex]

s = 19.6 m

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If we look back to the first generation of stars made when the galaxy was first forming, how do they differ from stars being formed today?.

Answers

If we look back to the first generation of stars made when the Galaxy was first forming, they differ from stars being formed today because the first generation stars contain little or no elements heavier than helium.

Third generation: A star formed from material that has previously been enriched in heavy elements and contains elements that are created through the s-process inside of second-generation (or third-generation) stars that came before it.

We could have stars that have undergone dozens or even 100 generations in a Universe that is 13.8 billion years old if the process is effective enough, even though the majority of the material that is currently in existence has probably only participated in a few generations — somewhere between 3 and 6 is probably a good guess.

When the first stars in the universe, which were primarily made of the elements helium and hydrogen, exploded as supernovae, second-generation stars were created. These explosions resulted in the first-generation stars producing new elements.

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What is the acceleration of a 2000 kg truck that has an engine exert 400 N of
force?

Answers

The acceleration of a 2000 kg truck that has an engine exerts 400 N of force at 0.2 m/s².

Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an item with appreciation to time. Accelerations are vector portions. The orientation of an item's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net pressure appearing on that object.

Calculation:-

mass = 2000 kg

Force = 400 N

acceleration = F/mass

                      =  400/2000

                      = 0.2 m/s²

Acceleration is the charge at which velocity modifications with time, in terms of each speed and route. A factor or an object moving in a straight line is accelerated if it quickens or slows down. movement on a circle is extended despite the fact that the rate is consistent because the course is continually changing.

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a 10-kg bucket is lowered by a rope in which there is 63 n of tension. what is the acceleration of the bucket? is it up or down?

Answers

6.3 m/s^2 is the acceleration of the bucket.

T=ma

T=63 N

m=10 kg

a=T/m

a=63/10

a=6.3 m/s^2

Acceleration is the rate of change in a moving object's speed and direction over time. When anything moves faster or slower, it is considered to be accelerating. Motion on a circle increases even while the speed is constant because the direction is always changing.

Since acceleration has both a magnitude and a direction, it is a vector quantity. Velocity is a vector quantity as well. The definition of acceleration is the change in velocity vector during a time interval divided by the time interval.

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What is the centripetal force on a car with a mass of 1,500 kg that is traveling in a circle with a radius of 19 m at a tangential velocity of 5 m/s?

Answers

The centripetal force on the car with a mass of 1500 kg is 1973.7N.

What is centripetal force?

A centripetal force is a force that makes a body follow a curved path.

To calculate the centripetal force on a car, we use the formula below.

Formula:

F = mv²/r.............. Equation 1

Where:

F = Centripetal forcem = Mass of the carr = radius of the circlev = Velocity of the car.

Where:

m = 1500 kgv = 5 m/sr = 19 m

Substitute these values into equation 1

F = (1500×5²)/19F = 1973.7N

Hence, the centripetal force on the car is 1973.7N.

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a parcel of air at 30 degrees celsius has 20 g/kg of water vapor. how much water vapor must condense out if he air is cooled to 15 degrees celsius?

Answers

The amount of water vapor that must condense out if the air is cooled to 15 degrees celsius from 30 degree celsius is 10 g / kg

At 30°C,

1 kg of air parcel = 20 g vapour

At 15°C,

1 kg of air parcel = 10 g vapour

Change in weight of vapour = 20 - 10 = 10 g / kg

The maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature is known as saturation point. It is also called as 100% relative humidity. An air parcel is a bubble of air of no definite size that is assumed to retain its shape and general characteristics as it rises or sinks in the atmosphere.

Therefore, the amount of water vapor that must condense out if the air is cooled to 15 degrees celsius is 10 g / kg

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If the force of gravity pulling down, what is the reaction force?


D) The person standing up from the chair


B) The Chair pushing down on the ground


C) Nothing


A) The chair pushing up on the person

Answers

If the force of gravity pulling down, the reaction force is the chair pushing up on the person.

option A is the correct answer.

What is Newton's third law of motion?

Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

For instance, If an object A exerts a force on object B, then object B must exert a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction back on object A.

If the force of gravity pulling down, the reaction force from the surface on which the object is resting will be acting upwards.

Thus, based on the Newton's third law of motion, we can conclude that when the force of gravity is acting downwards on an object the reaction force from the resting surface will be acting upwards.

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A system uses 49 J of energy to do work, and the change in internal energy is 58 J. How much heat was added to the system?

Answers

According to the given statement is internal energy 107 J heat was added to the system.

What is internal energy in physics?

The sum of the kinematic and chemical potential energies of all of the particles in the system is the internal energy. Nanoparticles accelerate and pick up kinetic energy when energy is applied to raise the temperature.

Briefing:

The equation utilized is based on the first rule of thermodynamics and reads as follows:

ΔE = q + w

where w represents the work completed by or on the system. A change in internal energy is represented by ΔE, and q is the heat energy that is either contributed to or released by the system.

The system performs the task, therefore w has a negative sign.

So w = -49 J

ΔE = 58 J

q = ?

Let's plug in the values in the equation:

58 J = q - 49 J

on rearranging this:

q = 58 J + 49 J

q = 107 J.

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the standard deviation of a two-asset portfolio is less than the weighted average of the individual security standard deviations if the correlation of the two assets is

Answers

Firm-specific risk factors are eliminated by holding assets in a portfolio since these risk variables frequently cancel one another out. As a result, the standard deviation of a portfolio is typically lower than the standard deviation of the weighted average. The main advantage of diversification is this.

Systematic and ad hoc risk factors are both reflected by the standard deviation. A portion of the unsystematic risk is reduced when individual stocks are integrated into a portfolio, resulting in a portfolio standard deviation that is lower than the average of the standard deviations of the individual stocks. The SD of the portfolio will decrease if stocks that are not absolutely positively correlated with one another are included. The benefits of diversity are higher and the portfolio risk is lower when there are reduced correlations between the returns of the assets in the portfolio.

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what is the potential difference between points a and d in the figure.(figure 1) express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Answers

The potential difference between points a and d shown in the figure is 29 V

Vad = I1 ( 34 Ω )

Vad = Voltage across a and d

I = Current

I3 = I1 + I2

- 34 I1 + 45 - I3 - 47 I3 = 0  → ( 1 )

- 34 I1 + 18 I2 + I2 - 75 = 0  

- 34 I1 + 30 I2 - 75 = 0  → ( 2 )

Sub I3 = I1 + I2 in ( 1 ),

- 34 I1 + 45 - I1 - I2 - 47 I1 - 47 I2 = 0

- 82 I1 - 48 I2 + 45 = 0  → ( 3 )

On solving ( 2 ) and ( 3 ),

I1 = - 0.861 A

Vad = - 0.861 * 34

Vad = 29 V

Therefore, the potential difference between points a and d shown in the figure is 29 V

The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:

What is the potential difference between points a and d in the figure.(figure 1) express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. Figure 1 is shown in the image attached.

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The energy of violet light is approximately twice that of red light. How do the wavelengths of violet and red light compare?.

Answers

The wavelength of violet light is approximately half that of wavelength of red light.

Light energy is a form of kinetic energy that has the ability to make some kind of light visible to the human eye. Light is defined as a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by hot objects such as lasers, incandescent bulbs, and the sun.

Light contains photons, which are tiny packets of energy. When the atoms of an object heat up, they produce photons.

Mathemaically, E = hv

where, E ----> energy of a light wave .

h ---> Planck's constant.

v---> frequency.

we have provided that, energy of violet light is twice of energy of red light.

E₁ = 2E₂ where, E₁----> energy of violet light

E₂----> energy of red light

from above formula, hν₁= 2 hν₂=> ν₁= 2ν₂

Using the relation, v = c/λ

for violet light ,ν₁ = c/λ₁ and ν₂= c/λ₂

λ₁ --> wavalenght of violet light

λ₂--> wavelength of red light

c/λ₁= 2 c/λ₂

=> λ₁= 1/2 λ₂

Hence, wavelength of violet light is half of wavelength of red light.

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Stars like our sun emit most of their light in which part of the electromagnetic spectrum?.

Answers

Additionally, the ultraviolet, X-ray, and even gamma-ray portions of the spectrum are all produced by our Sun.

However, the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum contain the majority of the Sun's radiation.The sun emits electromagnetic waves over a wide spectrum, from radio waves with a wavelength of 10 meters to X-rays with a wavelength of 2 nanometers. Visible light, with a wavelength of around 500 nanometers, is the most powerful of them to reach the earth's surface.Visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays are all types of solar radiation.

During solar flares, the Sun can release electromagnetic radiation from radio to gamma rays, which is probably related to the collision of flare-accelerated particles in the solar atmosphere.

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what are the two components of the equation for the free energy stored in the proton gradient called?

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The two components of the equation for the free energy stored in the proton gradient are called as concentration gradient and Voltage difference ( Electric potential )

The equation for the free energy stored in the proton gradient is

ΔG = 2.3 RTΔpH + FΔψ

ΔpH = H+ concentration gradient

Δψ = Voltage difference / Electric potential

The significance of concentration gradient and Voltage difference ( Electric potential ) being a separate entity in the equation is to provide energy and independent contribution to ATP synthesis.

Therefore, the two components of the equation for the free energy stored in the proton gradient are called as concentration gradient and Voltage difference ( Electric potential )

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Witch is an example of how “stage of life” can determine nutritional needs?

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Different stages of life require different nutritional needs. Teenagers grow physically so they need more calories and nutrients. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

How do nutritional needs change with the stages of life?

Nutritional needs changes will continue throughout all life stages with the requirements for protein, calories, vitamins, and minerals adjusting as we grow older.

The physical needs of the human body change over time, and dietary needs at various life stages will change as a result of psychological, economic, and social aspects. The change in nutritional requirements for each life stage such as infants, children, teens, adults, and the elderly.

Due to the growth period, teenagers need a balanced diet packed full of nutrients including calcium, iron, and protein which will ensure they are getting these essential nutrients. Vegetables are good for older people as they reduce health risks.

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