Given that a railcar of mass 4700 kg hits a bumper at 1.9 m/s and the spring compresses by 0.06 m, we are required to determine the force exerted by the spring on the railcar.
Using the formula for the force exerted by a spring, we get:F = kxwhereF = force exerted by the springk = spring constantx = compression of the springWe need to determine the spring constant k.To find the spring constant k, we use the formula,k = F / xWhere F is the force exerted by the spring and x is the distance by which the spring is compressed. In this case,x = 0.06 m, and the force exerted by the spring can be found as follows:The initial kinetic energy of the railcar is converted into elastic potential energy of the spring.
The total energy of the system is conserved, hence:1/2 mv² = 1/2 kx²wherev = 1.9 m/s (initial velocity)m = 4700 kg (mass of the railcar)x = 0.06 m (compression of the spring)k = spring constantRearranging the above formula, we can find k as,k = m v² / x²k = 4700 × 1.9² / 0.06²k = 5.872 × 10⁷ N/mNow that we have found the spring constant, we can use it to determine the force exerted by the spring:F = kx = 5.872 × 10⁷ × 0.06 = 3.523 × 10⁴ NTherefore, the force exerted by the spring on the railcar is 3.523 × 10⁴ N. Hence, F = 3.523 × 10⁴ N ,Here, we have made use of the spring formula which states thatF = kxwhereF = force exerted by the springk = spring constantx = compression of the springWe have determined the spring constant k ask = m v² / x²and then used it to find the force exerted by the spring on the railcar.
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