a 64g sample of germanium-66 is left undisturbed for 12.5 hours. at the end of that period, only 2.0g remain. what is the half-life of this material?

The types of emissions that mostly occur when an isotope undergoes radioactive decay include alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.

The types of emissions that can occur when an isotope undergoes radioactive decay are alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Alpha particles are made up of two protons and two neutrons and are positively charged. Beta particles are either electrons or positrons, and they are negatively or positively charged, respectively. Gamma radiation is a high-energy electromagnetic radiation that has no charge.

During alpha decay, the nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle. This changes the atomic number of the element, but not its mass number. Beta decay occurs when a neutron in the nucleus of an atom transforms into a proton and an electron or positron is emitted. This can change the atomic number of the element, but not its mass number. Gamma decay occurs when the nucleus of an atom releases energy in the form of gamma radiation. This does not change the atomic number or mass number of the element.

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When used properly, the color range of an indicator marks the range over which the pH of the titrated solution changes most dramatically and the indicator undergoes an acid-base reaction.

An indicator is a chemical compound that changes color depending on the pH of the solution it is in.

During a titration, the color range of the indicator signifies the range where the pH changes significantly and the indicator itself undergoes an acid-base reaction, allowing us to determine the endpoint of the titration.

Summary: The color range of an indicator is important for marking the pH range with dramatic changes and the acid-base reaction of the indicator during a titration.

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After a period of 90 years, the quantity of cesium-137 remaining is only 12.5 grams out of the initial 100 grams. The majority of the original 100 grams would have undergone decay, transforming into different elements or isotopes.

The half-life of cesium-137 is 30 years, which means that every 30 years the amount of cesium-137 in a sample will decrease by half.

After 90 years, which is three half-lives, the amount of cesium-137 remaining can be calculated using the following equation:

[tex]\text{Amount remaining} = (\text{initial amount}) \times \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\text{number of half-lives}}[/tex]

Substituting the given values, we get:

[tex]$ \text{Amount remaining} = 100 , \text{g} \times \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3 $[/tex]

[tex]$ \text{Amount remaining} = 100 , \text{g} \times \left(\frac{1}{8}\right) $[/tex]

Amount remaining = 12.5 g

Therefore, after 90 years, only 12.5 grams of cesium-137 will remain out of the original 100 grams. The rest would have decayed into other elements or isotopes.

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If one wants to heat a metal plate to as high a temperature as possible for a given energy input, one should use aluminum.

The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass of that substance by one degree Celsius. A metal with a lower specific heat capacity would require less energy input to achieve a given temperature increase. Therefore, the metal that should be used to achieve the highest temperature for a given energy input would be the one with the lowest specific heat capacity. Among the options given, aluminum has the lowest specific heat capacity at 0.9 J/g°C, followed by copper at 0.39 J/g°C, and iron at 0.45 J/g°C.
Therefore, aluminum would be the best choice for heating a metal plate to as high a temperature as possible for a given energy input. So, the correct answer is: aluminum.

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The effect on pressure if the volume of a gas sample doubles yet the temperature of the sample decreases by half is [tex]P_{Final} = 1/4\ P_{Initial}[/tex], option A.

In the physical sciences, pressure is defined as the perpendicular force per unit area or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. A 42-pound box with a base area of 84 square inches will force tension on a surface equivalent to the power partitioned by the area it is applied to, or a portion of a pound for every square inch.

The weight of the atmosphere pressing down on each unit area of the Earth's surface is referred to as atmospheric pressure, and it is approximately 15 pounds per square inch at sea level. In SI units, pressure is expressed in Pascals; One newton per square meter is equivalent to one pascal. There is nearly 100,000 pascals of atmospheric pressure here.

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Complete question:

What is the effect on pressure if the volume of a gas sample doubles yet the temperature of the sample decreases by half?

The initial rate of formation of product C in a chemical reaction can be determined using the rate law of the reaction and the initial concentrations of the reactants.

The rate law for a chemical reaction relates the rate of the reaction to the concentrations of the reactants raised to certain powers. For example, for a reaction of the form A + B → C, the rate law may be expressed as: rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, and m and n are the orders of the reaction with respect to A and B, respectively.

Once the rate law is known, the initial rate of formation of C can be calculated by substituting the initial concentrations of A and B into the rate law and solving for the rate. The units of the rate will depend on the units of the rate constant and the concentrations of the reactants in the rate law.

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A- the vapour pressure of toluene in solution is 4.98 kPa, B-the addition of C₆₀ to toluene causes a decrease in the chemical potential of toluene by approximately 13.6 J/mol.

a) The vapor pressure of the toluene solution can be calculated using Raoult's law:

mass of toluene = 100 g

molar mass of toluene = 92.14 g/mol

moles of toluene = 100 g / 92.14 g/mol = 1.085 mol

mass of C₆₀ = 2.33 g

molar mass of C₆₀ = 720.64 g/mol

moles of C₆₀ = 2.33 g / 720.64 g/mol = 0.00323 mol

total moles = 1.085 mol + 0.00323 mol = 1.088 mol

The mole fraction of toluene is therefore:

x(toluene) = 1.085 mol / 1.088 mol ≈ 0.997

The vapor pressure of the toluene solution can now be calculated using Raoult's law:

P(solution) = x(toluene) × P(toluene)

where P(toluene) is the vapor pressure of pure toluene at 30°C, which is given as 5 kPa. Therefore:

P(solution) = 0.997 × 5 kPa ≈ 4.98 kPa

b) The change in the chemical potential of toluene caused by the addition of C₆₀ can be calculated using the formula:

Δμ = RTln(γ₁/γ₁°)

Using the value of P(solution) calculated in part (a), we can calculate the activity of toluene in the solution:

P(solution) = x(toluene) × P(toluene) = 0.997 × 5 kPa ≈ 4.98 kPa

The activity coefficient of toluene in the solution can now be approximated as:

γ₁ = P(solution) / P(toluene) = 4.98 kPa / 5 kPa = 0.996

The change in chemical potential of toluene can now be calculated:

Δμ = RTln(γ₁/γ₁°) = (8.314 J/mol/K) × (303 K) × ln(0.996/1) ≈ -13.6 J/mol.

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The expression for the rate of reaction for a second order reaction is A) k = 8.72x10⁻² cm³/molecules*s and B) t1/2 = 2.32x10⁻³ s

Energy is the ability to do work. It comes in many forms, including kinetic (movement), potential (stored), thermal (heat), electrical, chemical, nuclear, and gravitational. Kinetic energy is energy of motion, such as the energy of a person walking or a car driving.

The expression for the rate of reaction for a second order reaction is given by:
Rate = k[ClO]₂
For a given temperature, the rate is constant. Therefore, rearranging the equation, we can find the rate constant:
k = Rate/[ClO]
We can calculate the rate by taking the difference in [ClO] between time 0 and time 1.
Rate = (2.08x10⁵ - 8.64x10⁴) molecules/cm³
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
k = 8.72x10⁻² cm³/molecules*s
To calculate the half-life, we can use the equation:
t1/2 = 1/(k[ClO])
Substituting in the values, we get:
t1/2 = 1/(8.72x10⁻²*2.08x10⁵) s
t1/2 = 2.32x10⁻³ s
A) k = 8.72x10⁻² cm³/molecules*s
B) t1/2 = 2.32x10⁻³  

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Complete Question:
The dimerization of ClO is second order in ClO. Use the following data to determine the value of k and the half-life at 350 K: 2 ClO(g) --> Cl2O2(g) time (s) [ClO] (molecules/cm^3) 0 2.08x10^5 1 8.64x10^4 2 5.46x10^4 3 3.99x10^4 A) k = ????? cm^3/molecules*s B) t1/2 = ??????? s

The number of moles of water (H₂O) produced when 25.0 grams of C₂H₂ burns completely is 1.67 moles.

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of C₂H₂ that react, 2 moles of H₂O are produced. Therefore, we can use the molar mass of C₂H₂ to calculate the number of moles of C₂H₂ that react, and then use stoichiometry to calculate the number of moles of H₂O produced.

Molar mass of C₂H₂ = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 2(1.008 g/mol) = 26.04 g/mol

Number of moles of C₂H₂ = mass/molar mass = 25.0 g / 26.04 g/mol = 0.960 moles

Using stoichiometry, we can see that 0.960 moles of C₂H₂ will produce 2 × 0.960 moles of H₂O:

Number of moles of H₂O produced = 2 × 0.960 moles = 1.67 moles

Therefore, when 25.0 grams of C₂H₂ burns completely, 1.67 moles of H₂O are produced.

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The beat and meter of an aria can vary depending on the specific composition and the style or period of the music. However, in general, arias are often written in a meter of either 3/4 or 4/4 time, which means there are three or four beats per measure, respectively.

What is Beat Meter?
A beat meter, also known as a time signature, is a musical notation that specifies the number of beats in a measure and the type of note that receives one beat. It is typically shown at the beginning of a musical composition or a new section of a composition and is represented by two numbers stacked vertically like a fraction.

In the Romantic period, which followed the Classical period, the meter of arias became more varied and complex. Composers of this period often experimented with different time signatures and rhythms, creating a greater sense of drama and emotion in their music.

Overall, the beat and meter of an aria can vary greatly depending on the specific composition and the style or period of the music.

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The main answer to your question is that two major products are formed from this reaction. The first product is formed through a stepwise mechanism that involves the formation of an intermediate. The second expected product can be drawn by considering the possible rearrangements and products that can result from the reaction.

An explanation of the reaction and its products is that it involves a chemical reaction between two reactants.

The reaction proceeds through a series of steps that involve the formation of an intermediate.

The intermediate then undergoes a series of transformations that result in the formation of the first product.

The second expected product can be drawn by considering the possible rearrangements and products that can result from the reaction.

In summary, the reaction produces two major products, and the first product is formed through a stepwise mechanism that involves the formation of an intermediate. The second expected product can be drawn by considering the possible rearrangements and products that can result from the reaction.

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By considering a half life of 5.3 years for cobalt-60. if you start with 100 grams of cobalt-60, 50 grams of cobalt-60 would you have in 5.3years.

After one half-life of cobalt-60, half of the original sample would decay into another element. So after 5.3 years, half of the initial 100 grams of cobalt-60 would decay into another element, leaving 50 grams of cobalt-60.

Therefore, after another 5.3 years, half of the remaining 50 grams of cobalt-60 would decay, leaving only 25 grams of cobalt-60. This process would continue for each successive half-life.

In summary, after one half-life, there would be 50 grams of cobalt-60 remaining, and after two half-lives, there would be 25 grams remaining.

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One of the consequences of unsaturated fatty acids having double bonds in the cis, rather than the trans, configuration is that they have a kink or bend in their structure.

This is because the cis double bond creates a rigid bend in the fatty acid chain, preventing it from packing tightly with other molecules. This kink or bend increases the fluidity of the fatty acid, making it more flexible and allowing it to move more easily. This is important for the structure and function of cell membranes, as it allows them to remain flexible and fluid at lower temperatures. In contrast, trans double bonds create a more linear structure that allows the fatty acids to pack more tightly, resulting in a higher melting point and increased rigidity.

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The mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and it is often written as a left superscript next to the atomic symbol.

The mass number of an element accurately describes the total count of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It is represented by the symbol "A." Although the mass number of a specific element can vary due to the presence of isotopes, it is typically written as a left superscript next to the atomic symbol. For example, carbon-12 is written as ¹²C. In a neutral atom, the mass number does not equal the number of electrons; rather, it is the atomic number (number of protons) that equals the number of electrons.

Therefore, the correct options are "the mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus" and "the mass number is often written as a left superscript next to the atomic symbol."

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The chemical reaction given is the dissociation of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) in aqueous solution, represented as FeSO4(aq) ↔ Fe2+(aq) + SO42-(aq).

To write the balanced half-reactions describing the oxidation and reduction that happen in this reaction, we need to identify which species is being oxidized and which is being reduced.

In this case, the Fe2+ ion is being oxidized to Fe3+, which means it is losing electrons and undergoing oxidation. The SO42- ion is being reduced to SO2, which means it is gaining electrons and undergoing reduction.

The balanced half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Fe2+(aq) → Fe3+(aq) + e-

Reduction: SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- → SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)



The balanced half-reactions describe the individual oxidation and reduction reactions that occur in the overall reaction. In the oxidation half-reaction, Fe2+ ion loses one electron to form Fe3+ ion. In the reduction half-reaction, SO42- ion gains two electrons along with four hydrogen ions (H+) to form SO2 gas and two water molecules (H2O).

These two half-reactions are balanced in terms of mass and charge, which means the total number of electrons lost in the oxidation half-reaction is equal to the total number of electrons gained in the reduction half-reaction. When these two half-reactions are combined, they give the overall balanced equation for the chemical reaction.

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To determine the approximate atomic mass of the element based on its mass structure, we need to understand how the atomic mass is calculated.

The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of that element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

The mass structure of an element gives us information about the isotopes that make up the element and their relative abundance. In the image provided, we can see that the element has three isotopes: one with a mass of 7 amu and an abundance of 15%, one with a mass of 8 amu and an abundance of 75%, and one with a mass of 9 amu and an abundance of 10%.

To calculate the approximate atomic mass, we need to use the following formula:

atomic mass = (mass of isotope 1 x % abundance of isotope 1) + (mass of isotope 2 x % abundance of isotope 2) + (mass of isotope 3 x % abundance of isotope 3)

Plugging in the values from the mass structure image, we get:

atomic mass = (7 amu x 15%) + (8 amu x 75%) + (9 amu x 10%)
atomic mass = 1.05 amu + 6 amu + 0.9 amu
atomic mass = 7.95 amu

Therefore, the approximate atomic mass of the element based on its mass structure is 7.95 amu.
Hi there! Since I cannot see the image you are referring to, I cannot provide you with an approximate atomic mass for the specific element. However, I can guide you on how to calculate the atomic mass using the information provided in the image.

To determine the approximate atomic mass of an element, follow these steps:

1. Identify the isotopes of the element along with their respective mass numbers and abundances (usually given in percentage) from the image.
2. Convert the abundance percentages of each isotope into decimal form by dividing by 100.
3. Multiply the mass number of each isotope by its respective decimal abundance.
4. Add the products from step 3 for all isotopes to find the approximate atomic mass of the element.

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The choice of recrystallization method depends on several factors such as the solubility of the impurities in the solvent, the melting point of the sample, and the amount of sample available. In this case, a 100-mg sample size suggests a microscale recrystallization procedure would be most appropriate.

Microscale recrystallization involves dissolving the sample in a small amount of solvent and then cooling the solution to allow for crystal formation. This method is ideal for small sample sizes and is relatively easy to perform. Macroscale recrystallization, on the other hand, involves dissolving larger amounts of sample in a larger volume of solvent, which is then allowed to slowly cool to promote crystal formation.

This method is best suited for larger sample sizes and is more complicated to perform than microscale recrystallization. Ultimately, the choice of recrystallization method will depend on the specific characteristics of the unknown sample and the resources available to the experimenter.

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The correct order for molecules from most to least polar molecules is option 1, which is "CH₄ > CF₂Cl₂ > CF₂H₂ > CCl4 > CCl₂H₂". However, it is important to note that this is a long answer question, so let me explain why this is the correct order.

Polarity in molecules is determined by the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the molecule. Electronegativity is the measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. If the electronegativity difference between the atoms in a molecule is high, then the molecule will be polar. On the other hand, if the electronegativity difference is low, the molecule will be nonpolar.

Now, let's look at the molecules given in the options. CH4 is a nonpolar molecule because it has a tetrahedral shape and the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is very low. In contrast, CF2Cl2 is a polar molecule because it has a tetrahedral shape and the electronegativity difference between carbon, fluorine, and chlorine is significant. Similarly, CF2H2 is also polar because it has a linear shape and the electronegativity difference between carbon and fluorine is significant.

Moving on to the next molecules, CCl4 is nonpolar because it has a tetrahedral shape and the electronegativity difference between carbon and chlorine is low. Finally, CCl2H2 is also nonpolar because it has a linear shape and the electronegativity difference between carbon and chlorine is low.

So, the correct order for molecules from most to least polar is option 1, which is "CH₄ > CF₂Cl₂ > CF₂H₂ > CCl4 > CCl₂H₂"

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your answer is wind energy

The diazonium cation formed when cytosine reacts with NaNO2 in the presence of HCl is shown below: [N+]-[C-H]-[C=O]-[N=N+]-[C-H]-[C=C] .

Cytosine is a type of nitrogenous base, or organic molecule, found in DNA and RNA. It is one of the four main components that make up the nucleotide bases in nucleic acids. Cytosine is a pyrimidine base, which means it has a single six-membered ring structure. It is also classified as a purine base, which is a type of base that contains a double ring structure. Cytosine is complementary to guanine, which means it pairs with guanine in the DNA double helix. When DNA is transcribed into RNA, cytosine is converted to uracil, another nitrogenous base. Cytosine plays a role in gene expression and helps to regulate the expression of certain genes. It also plays a role in the development of certain proteins and enzymes.

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D) An electron. Gamma decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits gamma rays, which are high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

Nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that serves as the control center of the cell. It is the most important organelle in the cell as it contains the genetic material of the cell. The nucleus houses the chromosomes in a liquid called the nucleoplasm, which is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. This membrane is composed of proteins and lipids, and it helps to keep the genetic material within the nucleus separated from the rest of the cell.

Gamma decay typically occurs during the transition of an atom from a high-energy state to a lower-energy state. The decaying nucleus emits an electron, which carries the energy away from the nucleus and results in the transition to the lower-energy state.

Therefore the correct option is D.

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According to the question the pH of the solution after the addition of 50.0 ml of lioh is 7.64.

Solution in chemistry is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the particles of one substance, the solute, are dispersed throughout another substance, the solvent. A solution can be composed of a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute dissolved in a liquid, gas, or solid solvent. Solutions can have different concentrations, which are expressed in molarity, molality, percent, or mole fraction.

The pH of the solution after the addition of 50.0 ml of lioh can be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH = pKa + log([HClO_4]/[LiOH])[/tex]

pKa for [tex]HClO_4[/tex] is 7.53.

[HClO4] = 0.18 M

[LiOH] = 0.27 M (50.0 ml of 0.27 M LiOH = 0.135 M LiOH)

Substituting the values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we get:

pH = 7.53 + log(0.18/0.135)

pH = 7.53 + 0.11

pH = 7.64

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The species responsible for generating the diazonium intermediate during the synthesis of the azo-dye is HNO2, also known as nitrous acid.

Diazonium is a functional group consisting of a diazonium cation, which is composed of a nitrogen atom single-bonded to two substituents. It is important due to its reactivity and its ability to undergo further reactions to form a variety of new functional groups. Diazonium is formed when a primary amine is treated with an acid and nitrous acid, converting the nitrogen atom’s lone electron pair into a cation.

This is because nitrous acid is able to form a diazonium salt when reacted with an amine. The diazonium salt is then used as an intermediate in the reaction to form the azo-dye.

Therefore the correct answer is E.

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Sodium lactate is the salt of a weak acid (lactic acid) and a strong base (sodium hydroxide). The sodium ion has no effect on pH. Lactic acid dissociates as follows:

CH3CH(OH)COOH(aq) + H2O(l) → CH3CH(OH)COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

The Ka for lactic acid is 1.38 × 10^-4.

Since sodium lactate is a salt of the conjugate base, the lactate ion, we can assume that it hydrolyzes in water as follows:

CH3CH(OH)COO-(aq) + H2O(l) → CH3CH(OH)COOH(aq) + OH-(aq)

The Kb for lactate is Kw/Ka = 7.25 × 10^-10.

Now we can set up an ICE table to find the [OH^-] concentration:

| CH3CH(OH)COOH | OH^- | CH3CH(OH)COO^-

---|---|---|---

Initial Concentration | 0 | 0 | 0.25

Change | -x | +x | +x

Equilibrium Concentration | 0 - x | x | 0.25 + x

Kb = [CH3CH(OH)COOH][OH^-]/[CH3CH(OH)COO^-]

7.25 × 10^-10 = (x)(x)/(0.25 + x)

Since x is small compared to 0.25, we can assume that (0.25 + x) is approximately 0.25, and we can simplify the equation to:

7.25 × 10^-10 = x^2/0.25

x = 2.14 × 10^-6 M

So, [OH^-] = 2.14 × 10^-6 M

pOH = -log[OH^-] = -log(2.14 × 10^-6) = 5.67

pH + pOH = 14, so pH = 8.33

Therefore, the pH of a 0.25 M solution of sodium lactate is approximately 8.33. The answer is (F).

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With thoracentesis Pyothorax is fluid removed from the chest has a very foul odor which is option D.

A invasive medical treatment called a thoracentesis—also known as a pleural tap, a needle thoracostomy, or needle decompression—is used to extract fluid or air from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Usually following the injection of local anaesthesia, a cannula, or hollow needle, is gently inserted into the thorax. Morrill Wyman carried out the operation for the first time in 1850, and Henry Ingersoll Bowditch reported it the following year, in 1852.

The place that is advised changes based on the source. The midaxillary line, at the eighth, ninth, or tenth intercostal space, is advised by certain authors. The treatment should, wherever feasible, be carried out using ultrasound guidance since it has been demonstrated to lower problems. Prior to inserting a chest tube, a tension pneumothorax need urgent needle decompression.

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Complete question:

You are assisting with thoracocentesis and the fluid removed from the chest has a very foul odor. Which of the following types of pleural effusions is most likely?

Chylothorax

Hemothorax

Pneumothorax

Pyothorax

A 0.10 M solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) will have the largest concentration of hydroxide ions.

To determine which 0.10 M solution will have the largest concentration of hydroxide ions, we need to compare concentrations of hydroxide ions (OH-)

For a generic ionic compound AOH, the equilibrium constant expression is:

AOH(s) ⇌ A+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Kb = [A+][OH-] / [AOH]

Since we are comparing solutions of different ionic compounds. The higher the Kb value, the stronger the base and the higher the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution. Looking up the Kb values for various ionic compounds, we find that potassium hydroxide (KOH) has the highest Kb value: [tex](2.2 * 10^{-16})[/tex], followed by sodium hydroxide: [tex](NaOH) (1.0 * 10^{-14})[/tex],

and then calcium hydroxide [tex](Ca(OH)_2) (5.5 * 10^{-6})[/tex].

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--The complete Question is, which 0.10 m solutions will have the largest concentration of hydroxide ion? --

Without having access to the specific graph you are referring to, I cannot definitively determine which gas is plotted using the y-axis on the right. However, the gases you mentioned are methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is possible that the graph shows the total of all three gases as well. Please refer to the graph's labels or legend for clarification on which gas is plotted on the right y-axis.

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The energy evolved during the reaction of 32.5 g [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] and 72.5 g [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] is -475.24 kJ.

What is the amount of energy evolved during the reaction of 32.5 g [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] and 72.5 g [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex]?

To determine the amount of energy evolved during the reaction of 32.5 g [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] and 72.5 g [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex], we need to first determine which reactant is limiting.

First, we need to convert the mass of [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] into moles:

32.5 g B2H6 ÷ 27.67 g/mol = 1.175 mol [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex]

Next, we need to convert the mass of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] into moles:

72.5 g Cl2 ÷ 70.90 g/mol = 1.023 mol Cl2

The stoichiometric ratio between [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] and [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] is 1:6, meaning that for every 1 mole of [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex], 6 moles of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] are required for complete reaction. Therefore, [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] is the limiting reagent because there are only 1.023 mol of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] available, while 1.175 mol of [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] are present.

Now that we know [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] is the limiting reagent, we can use its amount to calculate the amount of energy evolved during the reaction. From the balanced equation, we see that the molar ratio between [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] and ΔrH° is 1/2, meaning that for every 2 moles of [tex]BCl_{3}[/tex] produced, 1 mole of energy is released.

The amount of [tex]BCl_{3}[/tex] produced from the reaction of 1.023 mol of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] is:

(1.023 mol [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex]) x (2 mol [tex]BCl_{3}[/tex] / 6 mol [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex]) = 0.341 mol [tex]BCl_{3}[/tex]

Therefore, the amount of energy evolved from the reaction is:

ΔrH° x n = (-1396 kJ/mol) x (0.341 mol) = -475.24 kJ

So, the energy evolved during the reaction of 32.5 g [tex]B_{2}H_{6}[/tex] and 72.5 g [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] is -475.24 kJ.

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The contamination of 2 ml of acetone in 10 ml of ethyl acetate would cause the boiling point of ethyl acetate to slightly increase.

This is because acetone has a higher boiling point than ethyl acetate. As a result, the addition of acetone would increase the average boiling point of the mixture, causing it to boil at a slightly higher temperature than pure ethyl acetate.

If 10 mL of ethyl acetate was contaminated with 2 mL of acetone, this would result in a mixture of the two substances. The boiling point of the mixture would likely be between the boiling points of pure ethyl acetate and pure acetone, due to the formation of a binary solution. The exact boiling point would depend on the specific interactions between the two components in the mixture.

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