A diploid cell in G1 has 34 chromosomes. The number of daughter cells produced after this cell goes through mitosis is 2n=34.
The cells produced when a single cell undergoes mitosis or meiosis to reproduce.
Each daughter cell is haploid and has only one set of chromosomes, or half as many as the mother cell's total number of chromosomes.
Mitosis produces diploid offspring cells that are identical to the parent cell. Meiosis I is where the majority of the variations between mitosis and meiosis occur. The homologous chromosomal pairs connect and are bonded together by the synaptonemal complex during meiosis I.
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monoclonal antibodies are obtained from human serum. animal serum. human b cells in culture. hybridomas. both human and animal serum
From human serum, monoclonal antibodies are produced. the animal serum. B cells from humans in culture. hybridomas. animal and human serum.
Are hybridomas capable of producing monoclonal antibodies?Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are specific to antigens are created using hybridoma technology. Additionally, these cell lines have a lengthy shelf life after being cryopreserved. With the use of hybridoma technology, several monoclonal antibodies with varied specificities for various antigens have been created.
Are animal products used to make monoclonal antibodies?Although many different animals have been utilized to make polyclonal antibodies against antigens, it is still difficult to make monoclonal antibodies that are specific to an antigen from animals.
Blincyto, which is used to treat various forms of leukemia, is one example of blinatumomab. Blinatumomab has a component that binds to leukemia and lymphoma cells' CD19 protein. Another component adheres to CD3, a protein present on T cells, which are immunological cells.
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A group of students set up the following lab to demonstrate the effect of solar heat on the ocean.
URGENT. NEED IT NOW.
The effect of the ocean the water current in the experiment is heated from the bottom while the ocean is heated from the top. The correct option is c.
What is solar heat?Solar heating refers to the process of using sunshine to warm water or indoor air. Solar heating comes in two flavors: passive and active.
Active solar heating systems transmit the heated fluid—either liquid or air—directly to the interior area or to a storage system for later use. An auxiliary or backup system delivers the extra heat if the solar system is unable to offer sufficient space heating.
Therefore, the correct option is c.
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if two animals are members of the same kingdom, how closely are they related in comparison to two animals that are members of the same genus?
Animals are living organism that comes under the family Animalia. Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic organisms. They are consumers and they breathe through oxygen.
Every organism is divided into levels of distribution. These distributions are (1) Kingdom, (2) Phylum or Division; (3) Class; (4) Order; (5) Family; (6) Genus; (7) Species.
Genus is the level of distribution, in which organisms are present that are phylogenetic and structurally the same. And related species are comes under the same genus. The genus is also present in the scientific name of the organism.
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what statement concerning vasopressin secretion is not true? a. vasopressin secretion is closely tied to plasma osmolality b. changes in blood volume also alter vasopressin secretion c. a reduction in effective blood volume overrides the effects of plasma osmolality in regulating vasopressin secretion d. all of these
The statements concerning vasopressin secretion is not true are
d. All of these
What is vasopressin?
Vasopressin, also known as ADH or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a nonapeptide produced in the hypothalamus. It is known to play critical roles in the body's osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation, sodium homeostasis, and kidney function.
Given its importance in multiple functions, it is not surprising that ADH is clinically significant. ADH primarily influences the kidney's ability to reabsorb water; when present, ADH induces the expression of water transport proteins in the late distal tubule and collecting duct, increasing water reabsorption. When the body loses control of ADH secretion or responds to its presence, several disease states develop.
ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland in states of hypovolemia or hypernatremia and binds to the type-2 receptor in collecting duct principal cells. Binding to the receptor activates an intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway, which results in aquaporin-2 phosphorylation (AQP2). After achieving water homeostasis, ADH levels decrease and AQP2 is internalized from the plasma membrane, restoring watertightness to the plasma membrane.
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Which two statements correctly describes what happens to molecules in fruit after the orangutan eats it?.
The molecules are rearranged to form a new substance after the molecules in fruit ate by the orangutan.
What are orangutans and what happen to the molecules in fruit after the orangutan eats it?Orangutans are the apes which are the native of generally Indonesia and rarely to malaysia also.Orangutans are the organisms with 35 - 45 years of life span and are totally friendly towards human.They are supposed to be the largest arboreal animal and is predicted to spend most of the time on trees.Here the question is asked for the changes in the molecules of fruit after the orangutan eats it.So the molecules gets rearranged to form a new substance after the molecules in fruit ate by orangutan.Hence the molecules gets rearrange to form new substance in fruit ate by the orangutan.To know more about orangutan visit:
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savannah is asked to explain the locations of the stages of cellular respiration. what location should she give for the site of the krebs cycle reactions?
You are a research scientist for the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca working on a tumor-agnostic treatment for lung cancer. This treatment will be based on which of the following?
A. The blood type of the patient.
B. The type of lung tissue in which the cancer originated.
C. The size of the tumor.
D. The cancer's genetic make-up.
On working on a tumor-agnostic treatment for lung cancer. The treatment will be based on the cancer's genetic make-up. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is tumor-agnostic treatment?Tumor-agnostic therapy is the treatment which uses the same drug to treat all the different cancer types which have the genetic mutation or biomarker that is targeted by the drug. It is an example of targeted therapy.
Tumor-agnostic treatment is also known as tissue-agnostic therapy. In the agnostic treatment, the doctors do not have to understand the actual underlying process as it is same in all the cases i.e., the genetic make-up.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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a blood agar plate is shown below with an unknown staphylococcus species and novobiocin antibiotic disk. the species is most likely:
A blood agar plate is shown below with an unknown staphylococcus species and novobiocin antibiotic disk the species is most likely epidermidis.
Simply put, species that are used for food timber medicinal purposes or as pets or ornamental plants collected or otherwise attracting attention are at high risk of extinction. Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to inherit genes that have contributed to their survival and success.
This process causes species to change and diverge over time. Natural selection is one way to explain the millions of species that have lived on Earth. Endangered means that a species is threatened with extinction in all or a significant portion of its range. Endangered means that a species is likely to be at risk of extinction in the foreseeable future.
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which part of the cell would be similar to the muscular system?? need answers ASAP
Answer:
The microtubules in the cell membrane
Explanation:
What animals can sense temperature?.
Dogs, like vampire bats, use their rhinaria to detect weak thermal radiation.
Peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin detect environmental temperatures. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in these peripheral thermoreceptors are activated at specific temperatures. TRP channels respond differently to cold and warm stimuli.
Animals have their own version of the unpleasant biting combined with pins-and-needles sensation that urges us to warm up quickly or suffer the consequences. In fact, the nervous system mechanisms for sensing a wide range of temperatures are nearly identical in all vertebrates.
The sensation and perception of temperature, or more precisely, temperature differences inferred from heat flux, is referred to as thermoception or thermoreception. It is concerned with the sequence of events and processes required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, recognize and characterize the signal, and initiate an appropriate defense response.
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when viewing a snp track for a gene, snps in the snp video were shown in black, blue, or red. which color is most common and why?
Blue color is most common SNPs happen when one nucleotide, or DNA's building block, is changed for another. These modifications may result in disease and may influence a person's response to germs, viruses, medications, and other substances.
SNP technique: what is it?Target sequences are scanned for novel polymorphisms and their alleles are identified using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection tools.
SNP chips are DNA microarrays used to analyse genetic variation at the many millions of unique places throughout the genome. 5 They were initially created to assess single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are prevalent in the community and affect more than one in one hundred people.
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The _____ contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system.
Answer:
lateral horn
Explanation:
hope it helps :)
The structure that contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system is the hypothalamus.
Where is the hypothalamus located?The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain and plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the circadian rhythm.
It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary processes like digestion, heart rate, and respiration.
The structure referred to in the question is the "visceral motor nucleus" or "autonomic motor nucleus" located in the brainstem. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary physiological processes such as heart rate, breathing rate, and digestion.
This nucleus contains the cell bodies of neurons that control the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands that make up the visceral organs of the body.
These neurons receive input from higher brain centers as well as from various sensory receptors located throughout the body, and they integrate this information to modulate the activity of the autonomic nervous system.
Dysfunction of this nucleus or its associated pathways can lead to a variety of clinical conditions, including disorders of blood pressure regulation, gastrointestinal motility, and sexual function.
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Which organelle stores the information that determines an individual plant leaf shape.
Genetic relationships, gene expression patterns, microRNAs, and active hormonal controls all contribute to the genetic foundation of leaf form. organelle 1 is large vacuole, 2nd organelle is mitochondria, organelle 3 is nucleus and organelle 4 is cell wall.
The size of the cell and the number of cells determine the size of the leaf. Plant hormones, growth-regulating factors (GRFs), TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP), WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX), and other regulatory factors control cell expansion and differentiation [3,4].
Rough E.R. makes and transports substances through the cell and Smooth E.R. does not have ribosomes; Ribosome make protein for the cell.
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in meiosis, dna replicates during multiple choice prophase i. both prophase i and prophase ii. prophase ii. interphase prior to meiosis ii. interphase prior to meiosis i.
In meiosis, DNA replicates in the interphase stage prior to meiosis I (option E).
What is DNA replication?DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inheritance.
DNA replication occurs in both mitotic and meiotic cell division to ensure that each daughter cell possesses the correct amount of DNA.
However, the cell undergoes two successive divisions in meiosis i.e. meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is reduction division and meiosis II is similar to mitosis but DNA replicates only once during meiosis, i.e. before meiosis I in S phase.
Therefore, in accordance with this question, it can be said that DNA replicates only during the S (interphase) stage of meiosis I.
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new fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. the purpose of this research is to
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. the purpose of this research is to reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
There are 4 major kinds of nonrenewable resources oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gasoline, and coal are collectively referred to as fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were shaped within the Earth from useless vegetation and animals over hundreds of thousands of years—therefore they call fossil fuels.
A non-renewable useful resource is a natural useful resource that cannot be quite simply replaced through herbal methods at a tempo short enough to hold up with consumption. An example is carbon-based total fossil fuels. The unique organic matter, with the resource of heat and pressure, turns into a fuel inclusive of oil or gasoline.
The use of nonrenewable resources has negative effects on many ecosystems as well as human beings. New ways to use renewable resources for energy are now being developed.
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Why is it more difficult to treat fungal infections than bacterial infections in humans?.
Fungal cells and eukaryotic animal cells share a lot of the same fundamental cell architecture and machinery.
Why are human fungus infections so challenging to treat?Since there are currently only a few different types of antifungal medications, therapeutic options may be substantially hampered by resistance. Many of the antifungal medications that are typically used to treat these infections can no longer work against some forms of fungi, such as Candida Auris.
How are bacterial and fungal infections different from one another?Conditions including yeast infections, valley fever, and meningitis are brought on by fungi. Due to the fact that they are eukaryotes, which means they have cells, fungi are significantly more complicated than bacteria. Fungi resemble mammals the most out of the three diseases in terms of structure.
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which of the following organisms is lacking one of the five characteristics typically found in animals?A) sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions
B) planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems
C) trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans
D) leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals
E) tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans
One of the five traits that are generally present in animals is absent from the flatworms and tapeworms that infest human intestines.
Which of the following describes an animal's traits?Animals are eukaryotic multicellular organisms without cell walls. Animals are heterotrophs in general. Animals can move, have internal digestion, and have sense organs. They can reproduce sexually as well.
What traits of an animal are not present in plants?Animals, on the other hand, must consume other species in order to obtain their own sustenance because they are unable to do it. Animals typically have more intricate structural designs. They differ from plants in that they possess nerves and muscles that enable swift, precise movement through their environment. Unlike plant cells, which have rigid walls, animal cells typically do not.
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true or false in prokaryotes, coordinately controlled genes are united by control elements; in eukaryotes, they are united by location.
False, coordinately regulated genes are linked together by control elements in prokaryotes; in eukaryotes, they are linked together by location.
In eukaryotic cells, how are genes coordinately regulated?Transcriptional activators and repressors that bind to particular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences and regulate the expression of eukaryotic genes include transcriptional activators and repressors.
What applies to the expression of genes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?In the nucleus, transcription occurs in both types of cells. Ribosomes carry out translation in both types of cells: Amino acids are assembled by both types of cells to carry out transcription: In the endoplasmic reticulum, both cell types complete translation: The codons are transcribed by both types of cells using tRNA.
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As the frequency of muscle action potentials _______________, the strength of the resulting muscular contraction ____________.
As the frequency of muscle action potentials Increased the strength of the resulting muscular contraction summation .
Twitch, summation, and tetanus are three main categories that describe the intensity of skeletal muscular contractions. An action potential generated within the muscle fibre itself causes a single contraction and relaxation cycle, which is known as a twitch. The amount of force generated by a muscle varies depending on how many motor units are functioning at once. Elwood Henneman and his Harvard Medical School colleagues discovered in the 1960s that continuous increases in muscular tension may be induced by gradually raising the activity of axons that serve as input to the pertinent population of lower motor neurons. The recruitment of the motor units in a fixed order based on their size is what causes this gradual increase in tension.
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the export of mrnas outside the nucleus requires several proteins that are post-translationally modified by:
The export of mrnas outside the nucleus requires several proteins that are post-translationally modified by phosphorylation.
What is phosphorylation?
phosphorylation is the name for the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, such as a sugar or protein.
By altering the protein's structure, phosphorylation controls protein activity and cell signaling. The protein may be impacted by these modifications in one of two ways. First, the protein's catalytic activity is controlled by conformational alterations.
A sensitive and dynamic method of controlling protein activity, stability, protein interaction, and sub cellular localization is provided by phosphorylation.
Therefore, the export of mrnas outside the nucleus requires several proteins that are post-translationally modified by phosphorylation.
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describe the process of audition, following a sound wave from the outer ear through the middle ear and into the inner ear. how are auditory neurons ultimately activated?
Sound waves enter the external ear and travel through a restricted path called the ear channel which prompts the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates from the approaching sound waves and sends these vibrations to three little bones in the center ear.
These bones are known as the malleus incus and stapes. The bones in the center ear enhance, or increment, the sound vibrations and send them to the cochlea, a snail-formed structure loaded up with liquid, in the internal ear. A versatile segment runs from the very start to the furthest limit of the cochlea, parting it into an upper and lower part.
This parcel is known as the basilar film since it fills in as the base, or ground floor, on which key hearing designs sit. When the vibrations make the liquid inside the cochlea swell, a voyaging wave structures along the basilar film. Hair cells tangible cells sitting on top of the basilar layer ride the wave. Hair cells close to the wide finish of the snail-molded cochlea identify more shrill sounds, for example, a newborn child crying. Those nearer to the middle distinguish lower-pitched sounds for example a huge canine yelping.
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Hearing, or audition, is the transduction of sound waves into a neural sign this is made viable by the structures of the ear The big, fleshy shape on the lateral thing of the head is referred to as the auricle.
The incoming sound waves motivate the eardrum to vibrate. The eardrum sends those vibrations to the 3 tiny bones in the middle ear known as the malleus, incus, and stapes. The bones inside the center ear expand, or growth, the sound vibrations and ship them to the cochlea within the internal ear.
Sound is transduced into neural signals in the cochlear region of the internal ear, which incorporates the sensory neurons of the spiral ganglia. these ganglia are positioned inside the spiral-shaped cochlea of the inner ear. The cochlea is attached to the stapes thru the oval window.
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Agnes learned that the brain, spinal cord, and nerves work together. What do they combine to form?.
What evidence exists that suggests that all living things require energy to survive?
Answer:
The evidence that living things need energy to survive is: without the solar energy, plants will die.
Explanation:
Energy is an important resource that can be moved, it can be transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed. Plants need solar energy (light and heat) to make their food through the process of photosynthesis. Then, the energy is converted into chemical energy. Some are stored in the form of sugar and some are released in the form of oxygen.
If plants become extinct, in addition to reducing oxygen from the earth, then the source of food for humans and animals will be lost and will cause disruption of ecosystems on earth.
all cells use _______ energy carried by ATP
Answer:
molecule
Explanation:
food molecules
Which other system is most likely to also have a direct response during the 12-minute exercise?.
Phosphagen energy system is most likely to also have a direct response during the 12-minute exercise.
Within 10 to 20 seconds of high-intensity exercise the required is generated with the help of “ATP-CP,” also known as the phosphagen energy system. Once the available ATP is used up, which occurs in a few seconds, a molecule called phosphocreatine is used to re-form ATP in the muscle.
ATP is present in all body cells, but their is a limited number of ATP in cells. So, for physical activities and exercise, the ATP gets used up very quickly and needs to be replenished to continue with the exercise.
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Which statement is NOT correct about glycolysis?
Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
During glycolysis, glucose is produced.
Glycolysis uses two ATP but forms four ATP, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules.
Glycolysis involves splitting the glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules
The statement during glycolysis, glucose is produced is NOT correct about glycolysis (Option B).
What is the glycolysis metabolic pathway?The glycolysis metabolic pathway is a process in which glucose molecules are broken in order to release energy, which is used in the cell to create ATP from ADP and phosphate, being ATP the energy coin of the cells.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the glycolysis metabolic pathway is a chemical process that is well known to generate ATP by breaking down glucose molecules instead of generating simple carbohydrates.
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Why have scientists largely abandoned the tripartite scheme of three great races?.
Modern scientists believe that categorizing people is counterproductive to comprehending the diversity of human biology, hence they have largely abandoned this strategy.
How diverse is the biological population?
What is known as biodiversity refers to the range of organisms—animals, plants, fungi, and even bacteria—that make up our natural world. To maintain equilibrium and support life, these varied species and organisms work together and in intricate webs known as ecosystems.
Which examples of biological diversity come to mind?
Most people think of biodiversity as a group of distinctive living entities with the capacity for interbreeding. White-tailed deer, white pine trees, sunflowers, tiny bacteria that cannot even be seen, blue whales, and white-tailed deer are a few examples of species.
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which is not an example of mutualistic coevolution? group of answer choices host/pathogen plant/pollinator plant/mycorrhizae rumen bacteria/cows
Host/pathogen isn't an instance of mutualistic coevolution. In mutualistic coevolutionary interactions, each species broaden variations for the gain of each organisms. In commensalistic interactions, one species blessings from the connection at the same time as the opposite isn't harmed.
Coevolution is not unusualplace amongst organisms collaborating in a mutual interaction. In mutualism, each the organisms gain from every other. When coevolution takes place amongst together reaping benefits species, it's far known as mutualistic coevolution.
Symbiotic relationships result in coevolution via way of means of growing reproductive blessings to organisms that optimize their courting with their symbionts. Pairwise coevolution (or 'specific' coevolution) describes tight coevolutionary relationships among species. Diffuse coevolution (or 'guild' coevolution) refers to reciprocal evolutionary responses among suites of species.
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when a poison is added to actively respiring mitochondria, every component of the electron transport chain is found to be
(4) Add an uncoupling agent along with the poison is the experiment that will help unravel the said dilemma.
By separating the processes of ATP production from the electron transport chain, an uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a chemical that interferes with oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
Since every element of the electron transport chain is discovered to be in its reduced form, this is known. The process of making ATP has completely stopped, and the poison is known to either block the electrons that go to oxygen or the process that makes ATP. The best experiment to solve this conundrum is mixing a toxin with an uncoupling agent.
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Question correction:
The effects of a poison on actively respiring mitochondria are being studied to determine its mode of action. When the poison is added, every component of the electron transport chain is found to be in its reduced form based on spectroscopic analysis, and ATP production ceases entirely. It is reasoned that the poison is either blocking the final transfer of electrons to oxygen or is blocking the ATP synthase. Which of the following experiments will help unravel this dilemma?
1) None of the above will help distinguish between these two possibilities.
2) Add an artificial electron donor along with the poison
3) Any of the above would allow differentiation between these two possibilities
4) Add an uncoupling agent along with the poison
5) Add a second blocking agent to interfere with either Complex I or Complex II along with the poison
If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional, what would be the most obvious effect on the cell?.
If a mutation rendered the signal recognition
particle nonfunctional, translation would
not have been completed for most of the
proteins.
Mutation is the alternation in the sequences of DNA or RNA whatever is the genetic complement of the body. There are certain kind of mutation, namely point mutation, frame shift mutation and the one caused by mutagen.Mutagen are the agents causing such sudden genetic change such as physical and chemical agents.Here the question is asked of if mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional what would be the effect on the cell.The translation would not have been completed for most of the organism if a mutation rendered the signal recognitions.
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