Four times as much DNA and twice as many chromosomes. Option B.
The period after DNA synthesis has occurred and before the onset of the prophase. Cells synthesize proteins and continue to grow in size. Note that the G2 phase is the second gap phase because the G in G2 stands for gap and the 2 for her second. At the end of meiosis are her four haploid daughter cells that develop into sperm or eggs.
Cells grow physically increasing the number of proteins and organelles. In the S phase, cells copy DNA to generate two sister chromatids and replicate nucleosomes. Finally, the G2 phase involves further cell growth and organization of cell contents. This stage ensures that chromosomal errors are repaired and the cell is ready to continue before proceeding to the next stage of the cycle.
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A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in __________.
A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of DNA polymerase would result in a higher-than-normal rate of DNA synthesis errors.
DNA synthesis errors would occur more frequently than usual if a mutation rendered DNA polymerase incapable of proofreading.
The polymerase enzyme corrects errors that are frequently made during DNA synthesis or replication. The enzyme double-checks the base sequence to make sure that each time the new, elongating strand is added, the proper nucleotide bases that are complementary to the parent strand are added.
A higher-than-normal error rate will arise at the end of replication if a mutation occurs in the DNA polymerase enzyme and it loses the capacity to check for and correct errors.
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as an undergraduate research assistant, you are assisting with a radioisotope tracer experiment. you expose a mature leaf on one side of the lower shoot of a sugar beet plant to 14co2 and then track the movement of the 14c atoms by radiography. where are you least likely to detect 14c?
The correct answer is: (C) A mature leaf located on the opposing side of the plant from the leaf that has been treated.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
As a research assistant at undergraduate level, you are helping with a radioisotope tracer experiment. You subject a mature leaf on a side of the lower shoot region of a sugar beet plant to 14CO2 and then trace the activity of the 14C atoms with the help of radiography. In what part of the plant the detection of 14C will be the lowest?
(A) Roots,
(B) The treated leaf,
(C) A mature upper leaf on the opposing side of the plant from the leaf that has been treated,
(D) The shoot apical meristem.
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a biochemistry professor realizes that she is late to give her lecture and begins to run. within ~1 second, not only is she out of breath, but flux of glucose through glycolysis in her muscles is greatly stimulated. the most likely mechanism to account for this increase in glycolytic flux is:
Biochemistry investigates how the countless unique, lifeless biomolecules give rise to the amazing characteristics of living things.
Which is the right way to breathe?We refer to the action of breathing and exhaling with the verb "to breathe." A whole breathing cycle is referred to by the term breath. The air that is breathed or exhaled can also be included. Both words are parts of numerous phrases and idioms and can be used in a variety of ways.
What is the name for a deep breath?GI patients are taught the simple method of diaphragmatic breathing, often known as deep breathing and belly breathing, to assist them manage stress brought on by GI disorders. It is useful to urge the muscles to relax by concentrating on the breath.
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why is salivary cortisol correlated to the circulating cortisol in blood? what if an individual has circulating cortsol too high or too low?
Salivary cortisol measurements are easy to obtain and measure in most laboratories, and they provide an indirect but reliable and practical assessment .
Cortisol levels that are higher than normal can cause high blood pressure, while cortisol levels that are lower than normal can cause low blood pressure.
What is Cortisol?
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced and released by your adrenal glands.
Hormones are chemicals that help your body coordinate different functions by transporting messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues. These signals instruct your body on what to do and when.
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones. They reduce inflammation throughout your body and regulate metabolism in your muscles, fat, liver, and bones. Glucocorticoids also have an impact on sleep-wake cycles.
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You leave your house in a hurry one morning without
your jacket. While you are waiting for the bus, you are
freezing! What body systems are working to keep you
warm?
Mitochondria generate most of the heat in endotherms. They produce most of this body heat.
Mitochondria are a membrane-bound cell organelles that is capable of generating most of the chemical energy needed to functioning the cell's biochemical reactions.
They needs to produce the energy that is used for the activities in the cell, That generate heat as one of the byproducts . Hence ,Producing heat is part of the mitochondria's role in the center of metabolism activity. Human produced heat through burning calories. When body uses energy heat is created. Higher levels of physical activity also produce heat.
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which amphibian order has aquatic and terrestrial species with very flexible bodies, has a tail, and retains its juvenile features throughout its life?
Order Urodela has amphibian with aquatic and terrestrial species with very flexible bodies, has a tail, and retains its juvenile features throughout its life.
What is terrestrial species?
An animal or plant that lives on land or in the ground, as opposed to the sea, trees, or the air, is said to be terrestrial. There are occasionally aquatic and terrestrial animals seen sleeping next to each other under a loose stone.
These animals can run quickly because the majority of them have legs. They must move quickly to capture their prey or avoid being an animal's next meal (predators).
Therefore, Order Urodela has amphibian with aquatic and terrestrial species with very flexible bodies, has a tail, and retains its juvenile features throughout its life.
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What is Selva Inundable?
Hello..!
¿What is Selva Inundable?
They are swampy areas in which the ground is temporarily or permanently flooded, in these herbaceous plants abound and their climate could be tropical or subtropical.
In which ways have the amazon rainforest and the andes mountains affected the population distribution of latin america?.
The ways in which the amazon rainforest and the Andes mountains affected the population distribution of Latin America is that it provides a barrier to cultural diffusion which makes the population.
What is Population?This is referred to as the total number of organisms or species which are present in a given area or place at a particular point in time. This is dependent on factors such as availability of food, shelter etc.
Mountains and rainforests provide a certain type of barrier to cultural diffusion which leads to the civilizations being independent of others and creates ethnocentrism.
This leads to the population being in groups and being sparsely distributed which is therefore the ways in which affected the population distribution of Latin america.
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Black eyes are dominant to orange eyes, and green fur is dominant to white fur. A cross between two individuals with black eyes and green fur which results in an individual with orange eyes and white fur is an example of a _____ cross.
A cross between two individuals with black eyes and green fur which results in an individual with orange eyes and white fur is an example of a dihybrid cross.
1 black eyes, green skin : 1 black eyes, white skin : 1
orange eyes, green skin : 1 orange eyes, white skin
A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a certain genetic location, making it a hybrid.
We can simultaneously examine the pattern of inheritance of two distinct features using a dihybrid cross. Let's take the scenario of crossing two pea plants. The seed colour and shape are the two characteristics that we are examining. The first seed is spherical and yellow, while the second is green and wrinkled.
A monohybrid cross is defined as the union of two F1 progeny whose parents only differed in one trait. A dihybrid cross is an F1 generation cross that results in offspring with two different traits.
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6.a) name 4 different toxic substances and give one fun fact about each. b) describe the process of biomagnification (bioamplification) relative to trophic levels (remember module 2?).
Biomagnification is rise or increase in the contaminated substances caused by the intoxicating environment. Contaminants may include mercury, DDT, arsenic and other harmful pesticides .
These harmful chemicals are taken by the organism through food they eat. It keeps on transferring from one tropic level to another as the higher organism eats the lower in the tropic level.
Many other factors also causes biomagnification such as Agricultural practices , Organic contaminates, many industrial activities . Biomagnification may caused many adverse effect on human health , they can also disturb marine life .
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in many animals, glucose rather than starch is transported by the blood through the body to all of the cells. Starches in many foods are digested to yield glucose. Based on what you learned in this laboratory activity, explain why the digestion of starch to glucose is necessary
Answer: Starch is too big and insoluble to be used itself unless it is broken down into glucose.
Explanation: Starch is too insoluble to be used for the body. Starch is therefore broken down (or digested) into glucose. Glucose is used for many metabolic reactions (such as respiration) to provide energy for the body.
virulence factors, such as fimbriae, which allow for adhesion, contribute to the of a pathogen. group of answer choices susceptibility attenuation pathogenicity two of these are correct
Virulence factors, such as fimbriae, which allow for adhesion, contribute to the pathogenicity of a pathogen.
Virulence is defined as an cappotential of an organism to contaminate the host and purpose a disease. Virulence elements are the molecules that help the bacterium colonize the host on the cell level. These elements are either secretory, membrane related or cytosolic in nature.
Fimbriae are a essential thing for the virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli at some point of the primary steps of contamination by mediating adhesion to epithelial cells. They also are required for the ensuing colonization of the tissues and for invasion of the uroepithelium.
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Plants use light energy to produce food chemicals. The process that makes these food chemicals using solar energy is photosynthesis. Chemical reactions convert the radiant energy of the sun into what type of chemical energy?.
Plants utilize the chemical energy from sun's energy to carry out the process of process of photosynthesis and it is used to convert the water and carbon dioxide molecule to carbohydrate (glucose).
Plants absorb sun' energy using photosystem I and photosystem II. This energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll molecule is further utilized by the plant to convert water molecule and carbon dioxide into carbohydrate ( Glucose) via photosynthesis. Glucose is further converted to ATP molecule and this energy is used to carry out various metabolic process in the body.
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will mark brainless and giving away 50 points I need the answer quickly
The picture shows a student’s experiment with Elodea, a common aquatic plant.
Which change in this experiment is most likely to increase the volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube?
A.Move the light source closer to the beaker
B. replace the beaker with a larger container
C.reduce the amount of water
D.use fewer plants
The volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube is Moving the light source closer to the beaker. Option A.
The photo shows a student's experiment using Irodea a widespread aquatic plant. In this experiment, which is most likely to increase the amount of oxygen gas that collects at the top of the tube? Move the correct light source closer to the beaker.
Photosynthesis is the process that involves the chemical reaction between water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to produce food for plants and release oxygen into the atmosphere as a by-product. The relationship between pressure and volume Boyle's Law. As the pressure of the gas increases the gas particles are pushed together thus reducing the volume of the gas.
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What processes during the cell cycle ensures appropriate cell growth and rates of division? malfunction of these processes can lead to uncontrolled growth and cancer.
Mitosis and cytokinesis are the processes during the cell cycle ensures appropriate cell growth and rates of division.
What is Mitosis ?Mitosis is the process by which cells replicate their chromosomes and then separate, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. After mitosis, the cell contents are normally split evenly between her two daughter cells with identical genomes.Mitosis is the reason we grow, heal wounds, and replace damaged cells.Mitosis is also important in organisms that reproduce.This is the only way these cells can proliferate.This is one of the key processes that maintain populations. At the onset of prometaphase in animal cells, phosphorylation of the nuclear lamina disassembles the nuclear envelope into small membrane vesicles. Microtubules enter the nucleus. This is called open mitosis and occurs in some multicellular organisms.To learn more about Mitosis from the given link :
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when identical twins are more likely to have an attribute in common than same-sex fraternal twins, we can conclude that . . .
Terms in this group (66) If identical twins are more likely than dizygotic twins of the same sex to share common traits the common attributes have at least some genetic basis.
identical twins their similar appearance, identical twins are unique individuals with their own personalities and interests. Identical twins, also called identical twins, share the same egg at conception and are always either a boy or a girl. Everyone has an equal chance of having identical twins. He is one in about 250 people. However, there are some factors that increase the chances of fraternal twins. Dizygotic twins are more common in some ethnic groups, with the highest among Nigerians and the lowest among Japanese.
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While studying the dna of organisms within a single species, erwin chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine. which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is nearly 1:1? (6a) question 5 options: adenine and thymine pair with each other. adenine binds with phosphates, while thymine binds with nitrates. adenine and thymine are identical in chemical composition adenine bases contain a form of thymine.
Adenine and thymine pair with each other explanation of the discovery of Erwin Chargaff where the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine.
Erwin Chargaff state that in the DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are equal.
Chargaff's rules tells that in the DNA of any species , the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine. This molecular diversity added evidence that DNA could be the genetic material.
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Differential treatment on the basis of gender is also known as gender _____________.
Differential treatment on the basis of gender is also known as gender discrimination
What is the gender difference?Women make their claims for benefits as spouses and carers, whilst males do so as family providers and earners. Gender differentiation is tied to separate programs for labor market and family demands, structuring benefits claims. The gap between the benefits received by men and women is known as gender inequality.
By gender identity, what do you mean?An individual's internal and unique experience of gender is their gender identity. It is the perception of a person as being a woman, a man, neither, both, or somewhere else on the gender continuum. A person's gender identity could be the same as or different from the sex they were given at birth.
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what do we call a membrane potential in which there is no net movement of an ion across a membrane? your answer: a graded potential a threshold potential an equilibrium potential an action potential
A membrane potential in which there is no net movement of an ion across a membrane is called an equilibrium potential.
Membrane potential may be defined because the distinct electric ability this is gift outside and inside of a mobileular because of the sodium-potassium pump. A mobileular has a tendency to have extra potassium ions internal it compared to the outside. On the alternative hand, the awareness of sodium ions in a mobileular is stored decrease compared to the outer environment.
Sodium being a negative ion and potassium being a high quality ion creates variations withinside the electric ability outside and inside of a mobileular.
An equilibrium ability is a factor wherein there's no internet motion of ions throughout the membrane due to the fact the electrical pressure is identical outside and inside of a mobileular. The opposing forces are balanced which makes no motion of ions possible.
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When in a complex with ________, the cap protein binds to the cap site and ________ the expression of the lac operon.
A binding site for the catabolite activator protein is present upstream of the promoter (CAP).
How does the CAP protein function within the lac operon?The lactose operon's transcriptional activity is controlled by the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) and lac repressor. These proteins' binding to particular DNA sequences in the lac promoter-operator region is an early stage in the regulatory tasks that these proteins perform.
What interacts with CAP in order for it to activate the lac operon?To trigger the transcription of the lac operon by RNA polymerase, catabolite activator protein (CAP) must bind to cAMP.
Lactose synthesis is positively regulated by the catabolite gene activator-cyclic AMP complex (CAP), which binds to DNA 61.5 kb upstream of the transcription start point (lac) operon promoter.
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What is the metabolic advantage in the conversion of glucose to lactate, in which there is no net oxidation or reduction?.
The fructose-6-phosphate + ATP reaction The glucose + ATP reaction the metabolic advantage in the conversion of glucose to lactate.
Decreased thermodynamic efficiency will bring about accelerated weight reduction. The legal guidelines of thermodynamics are silent at the life of variable thermodynamic performance in metabolic processes. therefore such variability is authorized and can be related to variations in weight lost.
The methods of making and breaking down glucose molecules are each examples of metabolic pathways. A metabolic pathway is a chain of related chemical reactions that feed each other. The pathway takes in a single or extra starting molecules and, via a sequence of intermediates, converts them into merchandise.
Dietary supplements claiming to reinforce your metabolism may also have little or no benefit and can include substances that have extreme side effects. How a whole lot you weigh in large part depends on the choices you make about food and what kind of bodily activity you get. To shed pounds, you want to burn greater energy than you are taking in.
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which of the following does not influence the resistance to blood flow? a. diameter of the arterioles b. temperature of the blood c. hematocrit d. radius of the veins
Answer:
answer is D
Explanation:
radius of veins is much greater than radius of arterioles
temperture does not affect blood flow
Which part of the nerve cell is specially constructed to transmit a message from one cell to another nerve cell?.
The part of the nerve cell that is specially constructed to transmit a message from one cell to another nerve cell is axon.
What is a nerve cell?Nerve cell is a cell of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses, also referred to as a neuron. It is the basic unit of communication in the nervous system.
The nerve cell is a type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body. The messages are sent by a weak electrical current.
The nerve cell is made up of three main parts as follows:
Cell bodyThe dendritesThe axonThe cell body, also called the soma of the neuron contains the cell’s nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell.
Dendrites are extensions that branch off the cell body. They receive chemical signals from other neurons, which they convert to electrical impulses and transmit to the cell body.
The axon is a long extension of cells where information leaves the nerve cell and is passed on to target cells.
Therefore, the axon is the part of the nerve cell that transmits message from one nerve cell to another.
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Which two body parts are part of both the digestive and respiratory system?.
The pharynx joins the throat's larynx and esophagus to the mouth. The epiglottis, often known as the flap-like structure at the end of the pharynx, is there. When eating, the flap moves to one side; when breathing, it moves to the opposite side.
At the back of the nose and mouth, in the pharynx (FAR-inks), or throat, the two airway openings—the nasal cavity and the mouth—meet. Because it carries both food and air, the pharynx is a component of the respiratory system as well as the digestive system. The respiratory system not only aids in breathing but also stops hazardous substances from entering the body when eating, sneezing, or coughing. The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a flexible muscular tube with a funnel-like form that carries air from the mouth and nose to the trachea, also known as the windpipe. It also joins the larynx, esophagus, and nasal and oral canals.
Both the respiratory and digestive systems depend on the pharynx. Air can move from the nasal cavity to the lungs, larynx, and trachea thanks to it. The epiglottis is located in the nasopharynx, a region of the throat. Air is kept out of the digestive system by covering the esophageal opening.
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believing that dichotomous, or "black-and-white," thinking plays a key role in producing and maintaining dependent personality disorder comes from the _____ perspective.
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, "black-and-white" or dichotomous thinking is a major factor in creating and maintaining dependent personality disorder.
What is personality disorder?Personality disorder is defined as a form of mental illness when you have an unnaturally inflexible way of thinking, acting, and behaving. It is challenging for someone with a personality disorder to understand and relate to other people. The two personality disorders with the highest prevalence of diagnoses are borderline and antisocial.
According to CBT philosophy, our actions and thoughts have an impact on how we feel. Our ideas, feelings, physical experiences, and behaviors are all intertwined. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBT as a treatment for conditions ranging from pain and insomnia to anxiety and depression.
Thus, according to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, "black-and-white" or dichotomous thinking is a major factor in creating and maintaining dependent personality disorder.
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Which best describes the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits?.
Chromosomes contain the genes. The transmission and expression of inherited features from parents to children are governed by genes. This is the most accurate way to explain how chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits interact. The right response in this case is option B.
Chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus, are where genes are found. There are hundreds to thousands of genes on each chromosome. There are 46 chromosomes in all, or 23 pairs, in each typical human cell. Any characteristic that is influenced by more than one gene is called a trait.
Chromosomes are multi-gene-containing structures. They determine a person's distinctive characteristics and are passed on from parents to children. Every organism's genome is made up of DNA, genes, and chromosomes. Every living thing, including people, has a distinct genome.
Complete question:
Which best describes the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits?
A - Genes and chromosomes both carry DNA that determine inherited traits from parents to offspring.
B - Genes are located within chromosomes. Genes determine the passing and expression of inherited traits from parent to offspring.
C - Chromosomes are located within genes. Chromosomes determine genetic code for inherited traits from parent to offspring.
D - Genes are controlled by chromosomes. Chromosomes create mutations and new genes that are passed from parent to offspring.
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Compared to the healthy dog, did the enzymes from claire's stomach break down the protein at a low, normal or high rate?.
Compared to the healthy dog, the enzymes from claire's stomach break down the protein at a low rate.
Claire is a Great Dane who become dropping weight no matter the truth that she is eating. Claire does not have an boom in urge for food and additionally does not have sufficient electricity this is required for her to play.
Claire is dropping weight due to the fact meals the enzymes in her frame does not damage down the meals that she eats. When in comparison to a canine that become healthy, the enzymes from Claire's small gut broke down protein at a low rate.
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describe anatomical similarities and differences that indicate that the fossil organisms are related but are distinct species.
Evaluating anatomical structural similarities of organisms to decide their evolutionary relationships. Some fossil organisms are related but have distinct species and transitional bureaucracy between corporations of organisms.
Fossil organisms frequently percentage bodily similarities with dwelling organisms. All fossils comprise intact DNA which can be sequenced. Organisms with comparable anatomical functions are assumed to be surprisingly carefully associated evolutionarily, and they're assumed to percentage a not unusualplace ancestor. As a end result of the have a look at of evolutionary relationships, anatomical similarities and variations are crucial elements in determining and setting up class of organisms. There are many varieties of proof for evolution. One of the most powerful varieties of proof is comparative anatomy. However, whilst evaluating the anatomy of those wings, they're very exceptional. The chook wing has bones interior and is protected with feathers, while the dragonfly wing is lacking each of those systems. They are analogous systems.
Some organisms have anatomical systems that are very comparable in embryological improvement and shape, however very exceptional in feature. A clean instance of homologous systems is the forelimb of mammals. When tested carefully, the forelimbs of humans, whales, dogs, and bats all are very comparable in structure. Similarities in anatomical systems of exceptional species represent that the 2 species have a surprisingly recent not unusualplace ancestor. Fossil a long time can frequently be decided with the aid of using trying out close by rocks. Other organisms have anatomical systems that feature in very comparable ways, however, morphologically and developmentally those systems are very exceptional. These are referred to as analogous systems. Since those systems are so exceptional, despite the fact that they've the equal feature, they do now no longer imply an evolutionary dating nor that two species percentage a not unusualplace ancestor.
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Why has natural selection favored the evolution of double circulation in birds and mammals?.
As a result of their higher energy requirements compared to reptiles and amphibians of the same size, natural selection has favored the evolution of double circulation in birds and mammals. The right response in this case is option D.
The rigorous separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is supported by double circulation. In order to ensure that the body always has a dedicated supply of oxygen, this circulation also increases bodily efficiency. In part because of this, mammals are able to regulate their body temperatures.
Blood flows to all four chambers of the heart the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle during double circulation. Blood circulation is successfully completed by blood vessels such as the pulmonary artery, aorta, vena cava, and pulmonary vein.
Due to the fact that blood circulates through the heart twice per circuit, it is called a twofold circulation system.
Complete question:
Why has natural selection favored the evolution of double circulation in birds and
mammals?
A - because they have more viscous blood than reptiles and amphibians
B - because they cannot obtain as much oxygen from the air as reptiles and amphibians
C - because they are larger than reptiles and amphibians
D - because they use more energy than equivalent-sized reptiles and amphibians
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neurons which carry impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs (viscera), skin, skeletal muscles, joints, or special sensory organs are called
Neurons which carry impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs (viscera), skin, skeletal muscles, joints, or special sensory organs are called sensory neurons.
Neurons are the nerve cells that function to transmit signals in the form of electrical signals to and from the brain. The neurons are the longest cell in human body. The structure of neuron is composed of a cell body surrounded by dendrites, a long axon and the axon terminal.
Sensory organs are those that receive signals from the outer environment. These organs are composed of sensory neurons that help them receive the stimulus. The sensory organs of the body are eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.
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