A cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from sperm, is known as a diploid cell.
In most sexually reproducing organisms, including humans, the process of fertilization involves the fusion of a haploid sperm cell and a haploid egg cell, resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. The zygote then undergoes mitosis, a process of cell division that results in the formation of new cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
In diploid cells, the two copies of each chromosome are referred to as homologous chromosomes. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the individual's mother, and the other is inherited from the father. This provides genetic diversity and variability in the offspring.
Diploid cells are found in most somatic cells of the body, with the exception of a few specialized cells, such as gametes (sperm and egg cells), which are haploid. In summary, a cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from sperm, is known as a diploid cell.
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True or false? you’re studying one genetic locus in a population of wombats and you sample 40 individuals with genotype aa, 60 individuals with genotype aa, and 100 individuals with genotype aa. the frequency of the a allele is exactly twice that of the a allele.
False - The frequency of the 'a' allele is not epsilon-totally equal to that of the 'A' allele.
The frequency of allele "a" is 0.65, whereas that of allele A is 0.35, or less than twice as frequently.
200 times 2 equals 400 total allele.
Total allele is equal to 200 divided by 2.
The type of variant present at a specific locus (i.e., location) in the genome is scored by what is known as a genotype. Symbols can be used to represent it. For illustration, BB, Bb, and bb could be used to denote a specific gene variant.
The genotypes AA, Aa, and aa are all possible in a population that has two alleles (A and a) at locus A. Homozygotes are people with the genotypes AA and aa (i.e., they have two copies of the same allele).
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What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Transform sunlight into sugar
Transform carbon dioxide into sugar
Transform sugar into usable energy
O Transform sugar into oxygen
the frap technique occurs in a series of steps. select every statement that correctly describes a step in the frap procedure.
The frap technique occurs in a series of steps there are:
-The molecule of interest is fluorescently labeled
- the relatively mobility of the flourescently labeled molecules is measured.
FRAP is used only for protein motion management. It travels throughout two dimensions in the plasma membrane. It includes many available-moving or immobile proteins. This technology uses globally marked fluorescent bleaching products, and also includes the fluorescent proteins, but one particular area is washed.
Its protein arc changes are detected by fluorescence reappearance. The fluorescence reappears at a certain stage if the protein can move freely. When the proteins aren't able to move quickly, fluorescent dyes are recovered after a little period, and fluorescence would not resurface during that point if the enzyme is immobile.
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what is the function of the liver?
Answer:
The liver is a complex and multifunctional organ that performs several critical functions in the body, including:
Metabolism: The liver processes and stores various nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and converts them into forms that the body can use.
Detoxification: The liver helps remove harmful substances from the blood, such as drugs, alcohol, and toxic byproducts of metabolism.
Bile production: The liver produces bile, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine.
Blood glucose regulation: The liver plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels by releasing glucose into the bloodstream as needed and storing glucose as glycogen when there is an excess.
Blood clotting: The liver produces several important blood-clotting factors that help prevent excessive bleeding.
Vitamin and mineral storage: The liver stores important vitamins and minerals, such as iron, copper, and vitamin A.
Hormone regulation: The liver plays a role in the production of several hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and estrogen.
Overall, the liver is essential for maintaining overall health and proper bodily function.
Explanation:
when a phenotype seemingly has a advatnage for an organism, what might happen to the frequency of the allele
If a phenotype seemingly has an advantage for an organism, it is likely that the frequency of the corresponding allele will increase over time.
This is because organisms with the advantageous phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing the advantageous allele to their offspring. Over many generations, this process of natural selection can lead to the increase in frequency of the advantageous allele in the population, as individuals with the allele have a greater likelihood of passing it on to their offspring.
This can eventually result in the fixation of the advantageous allele, meaning that it becomes the only allele present at the corresponding gene locus in the population.
However, the rate and extent of the increase in the frequency of the advantageous allele will depend on various factors, such as the degree of advantage conferred by the allele, the population size, the mutation rate, the genetic drift, and the degree of gene flow between populations. These factors can influence the speed and direction of evolutionary change in a population, shaping the genetic diversity and adaptation of organisms over time.
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agricultural practices put in place to conserve resources for future generationsA. DomesticationB. SustainabilityC. HerbicideD. Pesticide
Sustainability agriculture aims to boost output while minimising negative environmental effects and preserving natural resources for future generations.
Utilizing renewable resources, such as water, soil, and energy, as well as adopting techniques like agroecology, integrated pest management, cover crops, and no-till farming, are all part of this process.
The preservation of biodiversity, the use of organic fertilisers, and non-toxic pest management techniques are all components of sustainable agriculture.
Environmental protection and guaranteeing future generations' access to food depend on sustainable agriculture. It contributes to soil conservation, water pollution reduction, and a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
Additionally, it aids in agricultural output growth, input cost reduction, and a decrease in the use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers. It is critical to provide a favourable policy environment and encourage the adoption of such techniques among farmers in order to successfully implement sustainable agriculture methods.
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how does the pollination of most trees and grasses differ from the pollination of flowers?
Wind is frequently used to pollinate trees and grass, whereas insects are frequently used to pollinate flowers.
How do the two pollination techniques differ from one another?Self-pollination happens when pollen from the anther is dropped on the stigma of the same bloom or another blossom on the same plant. Pollen from one flower's anther is transferred to another flower's stigma on a different member of the same species in a process known as cross-pollination.Abiotic (pollination without the assistance of organisms) and abiotic (pollination mediated by animals) techniques of pollination have both evolved in flowering plants (biotic). Animals pollinate plants in a total amount of about 80%. 98% of the species that are pollinated by wind and 2% by water make up the remaining 20% of abiotic species.For more information on pollination kindly visit to
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The thalamus is sometimes called the "gateway to the cortex" because its primary function is to?.
As passing sensory information to the cortex is the thalamus' main duty, it is also referred to as the "gateway to the cortex."
The diencephalon's predominantly gray matter component known as the thalamus plays a number of crucial roles in human physiology. The thalamus is made up of numerous nuclei, each of which has a specific function, from relaying sensory and motor impulses to controlling consciousness and attentiveness. Broadly speaking, the thalamus serves as a relay station that filters information sent between the brain and body. With the exception of smell, each sensory system includes a thalamic nucleus that receives, processes, and transmits data to a related cortical region. Visual sensory data from the retina is sent to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe by the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
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organisms living in marine and freshwater environments generally have solute concentrations (or ion concentrations) that are quite different from the water around them. which of the following statements is true? organisms living in marine and freshwater environments generally have solute concentrations (or ion concentrations) that are quite different from the water around them. which of the following statements is true? fish living in salt water are naturally in balance with their surrounding environment, so no special adaptations are needed. fish that live in estuaries must possess special behavioral or physiological adaptations to survive daily changes in salinity. freshwater bony fish excrete very small amounts of concentrated urine. saltwater bony fish excrete copious amounts of dilute urine. fish living in fresh water are naturally in balance with their surrounding environment, so no special adaptations are needed.
To withstand daily fluctuations in salinity, fish that reside in estuaries must have particular behavioural or physiological adaptations. This claim is accurate.
Freshwater fish are more likely to swell and burst because the biogenic salt concentration in their bodies is higher than that of the surrounding water. Here, the fish must draw out as much salt as it can from the water and store it within itself, excreting as much water as it can in the pee in the process. In seawater, estuarine fish excrete salts and retain water, and when the water grows fresher, they excrete water and retain salts. These fish have evolved to employ both methods. These species can take advantage of both marine and freshwater (or semi-freshwater) settings thanks to their amazing physiological adaptation.
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in hhs, laboratory results are similar to those in dka ,but with three major exceptions. what do you expect to see in hhs? a. lower serum glucose, lower osmolality, and greater ketosis b. lower serum glucose, lower osmolality, and minimal ketosis c. higher serum glucose, higher osmolality, and greater ketosis d. higher serum glucose, higher osmolality, and minimal ketosis
Alterations in consciousness, ranging from confusion or disorientation to coma, are the main sign of a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. These conditions are typically brought on by severe dehydration, hyperglycemia, and hyperosmolality.
The following list of signs and symptoms may indicate hyperosmolar hyperglycemia status (HHS):
at least 600 mg/dL of plasma glucoseat least 320 mOsm/kg of effective serum osmolalitydehydration that is severe, up to an average of 9 LMore than 7.30 for serum pHMore than 15 mEq/L of bicarbonate are present in the solution.Ketonemia nonexistent to low with little ketonuriasome consciousness-related changewith or without prerenal azotemia. Contrary to diabetic ketoacidosis, temporary hemiplegia, widespread or focalized seizures, and seizures may ensue.Learn more about hyperglycemia here:
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Which are the features of lymphatic vessels?
Lymphatic capillaries have walls that are only one cell thick. Because of the cell overlap, interstitial fluid can easily enter the capillaries. The end of lymphatic capillaries is closed.
They have a tiny valve within that allows interstitial fluid to enter but not exit. These include defending your body from pathogens, preserving body fluid balance, absorbing lipids from the digestive tract, and eliminating cellular waste. The lymphatic system has three main purposes: first, it keeps the body's fluid levels balanced; second, it makes it easier for dietary lipids to enter the bloodstream either metabolism or storage; and third, it strengthens and supports the immune system.
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Which layer of the epidermis has the largest quantities of keratin?
The highest concentrations of keratin are found in the stratum corneum, the epidermis' outermost layer.
What is keratin?The major structural element of hair, nails, feathers, hooves, and other hard and protective biological materials is keratin, a fibrous protein. It is a very resilient protein that can withstand abrasion, chemical deterioration, and other forms of wear and tear. Animal tissues like the skin and other tissues contain specialised cells called keratinocytes that create keratin. These cells are in charge of assembling the keratin proteins into strong, fibrous structures that shield and support the body. A complex network of genes and signalling pathways that manage the differentiation and maturation of keratinocytes controls the production of keratin.
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The allele that is only seen in the homozygous state is called: __________
An organism can only express a recessive allele when it is homozygous.
Only individuals who are homozygous (also known as having two copies of the gene) will experience the effects of recessive alleles. For instance, because the allele for blue eyes is recessive, you need two copies of the 'blue eye' allele to have blue eyes. In terms of genetics, being homozygous means having inherited the same alleles (versions) of a genomic marker from both biological parents. A person who possesses two identical copies of a genetic marker is said to be homozygous for that marker. In contrast, a person who has two copies of a certain marker is said to be heterozygous.
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a forensic scientist is gathering materials to conduct a reinsch test. what is one material they will need? microscope oxygenated water copper strip rubber
A forensic scientist is gathering materials to conduct a reinsch test. copper strip is one material they will need option c)
The Reinsch test is an initial indicator for the presence of one or more of the heavy metals listed below in a biological sample, and it is frequently employed by toxicologists when poisoning by such metals is suspected. Hugo Reinsch discovered the method, which is sensitive to antimony, arsenic, bismuth, selenium, thallium, and mercury, in 1841.
This approach is intended to detect arsenic in blood, urine, or tissue samples. Arsenic collects on a copper wire inserted in the sample after the specimens are heated in the presence of strong acid. A dull deposit on the wire suggests a successful outcome.
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Full Question: A forensic scientist is gathering materials to conduct a reinsch test. What is one material they will need? A. Microscope B. oxygenated water c. copper strip D .rubber
why is heat shock important in bacterial transformation?
DNA is more easily able to enter bacterial cells as a result of the heat shock treatment. Recovery The broth is combined with the cell suspension, and the bacteria are then allowed to rest for 30 minutes at 37°C.
During this time of recovery, the bacteria can repair their cell walls and express the gene for antibiotic resistance.
The heat shock method of converting plasmid DNA into E. coli is a fundamental molecular biology technique. It entails ligating a foreign plasmid or other product inside the bacteria. This movie explains the traditional process of transformation using easily accessible Genlantis bacteria with chemical capabilities. After a brief incubation in ice, a mixture of bacteria and DNA with chemical capabilities is heated to 42 degrees C for 45 seconds.
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Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. (T/F)
False. Atherosclerotic arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Red blood cells, often known as arteries, carry nutrients and oxygen from the heart to the tissues of the body. The oxygen-poor blood is returned to the heart through the veins (blue). The primary artery that exits the heart, the aorta, is just where arteries are created. They transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all of the body's tissues. The circulatory system transports nutrients like oxygen and hormones to cells and removes wastes such as carbon dioxide. The roads only go through one direction, to keep things going in the right direction.
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The Nereus is a(n) _______.
a.
new class of submarine
b.
species of fish
c.
unmanned deep-sea robot
d.
ocean mapping program
C) unmanned deep-sea robot
What is nereus?One of the deepest diving underwater vehicles in the world, HROV Nereus, could be set up to function as an autonomous underwater vehicle or as a remotely controlled vehicle (ROV) attached to a surface ship (AUV).Nereus can dive to great depths and is extremely manoeuvrable thanks to a lightweight, thin, fiber-optic tether that its operators aboard a surface ship use to control it remotely.Every 661 days, Nereus completes one orbit around the sun (1.81 Earth-years). Up until 2060, when Nereus will pass at only three lunar distances, Saturday's close flyby of around 10 lunar distances will be its closest. The eye won't be able to see it.
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Answer:
it's c
Explanation:
a man with type b blood marries a woman with type a blood. they have the first child with blood type o. what are the genotypes of the father (first) and the mother (second)?
For blood group: the father could have either BB or Bo genotype, and the mother could have either AA or Ai genotype. The child's ii genotype could have come from either parent having two i alleles or from one parent having an i allele and the other having a B allele.
The first child has blood type O, which indicates that they have the ii genotype based on the information provided. As a result, both parents must possess the I gene. One parent must be an I allele carrier. The father must have either the BB or Bo genotype because he has blood type B. Given that the mother has blood type A, the genotype must be either AA or Ai.
As a result, either BB or Bo might be the father's (first) genotype and either AA or Ai may be the mother's (second) genotype. The parent(s) with two I alleles could have been the child's parents, or one parent could have an I allele and the other a B allele.
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describe the short-term regulation of blood pressure. include sensor, control center, effectors and the actions of effectors to return blood pressure to homeostasis
Baroreceptors are sensors found in blood vessels that alert the brain when blood pressure is too high or low.
The heart, blood vessels, and kidneys are then informed by the hypothalamus, acting as effectors in the control of blood pressure. Thus, in the regulation of blood pressure, homeostasis tends to stabilize the blood pressure, keeping it at a constant resting condition. For instance, a person's heart rate will rise during exercise, raising blood pressure. The brain's temperature regulation center serves as the stimulus, while nerve cells with ends in the epidermis and brain serve as the sensors, controls, and effectors. The stimulus occurs when the body temperature rises above 37 degrees Celsius.
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each of the three cell layers became different parts of the adult organism. what does that mean about the cells that were once identical?
The cells that were once identical have undergone differentiation, giving rise to distinct cell types in different cell layers.
The way that every one of the three cell layers became various pieces of the grown-up creature proposes that the cells that were once indistinguishable have gone through separation, a cycle by which cells with indistinguishable hereditary material form into various cell types with unmistakable primary and utilitarian qualities. During the beginning phases of early stage improvement, cells go through a course of specialization and separation, which includes changes in quality articulation and the reception of explicit morphological and utilitarian highlights. These separated cells then, at that point, bring about the various tissues, organs, and designs of the grown-up living being. This course of separation is essential for the appropriate turn of events and working of the creature.
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Which of the following mRNA modifications is common in human cells? a. 5' cap addition b. intron removal and exon joining c. 3' poly-A tail addition
Option D is correct. In human cells, each of the above said mRNA changes occurs frequently. Option 3' methacrylate tail added splicing, exon joining, and intron removal.
There are numerous billions of cells in a human body. They merely serve as the body's structural support, absorb nutrients from food, transform those into energy, and perform specific tasks. Cells contain the genetic material for the organism and are able to reproduce themselves.
There are 100 quadrillion trillion cells in a typical human body. A 200 or more distinct types of cells from each of the 80 known organs will be categorized, visualized, and their energetic genes will be identified in a giant new science project.
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Complete Question-
Which of the following mRNA modifications is common in human cells?
a. 5' cap addition
b. intron removal and exon joining
c. 3' poly-A tail addition
d. All of the above are common mRNA modifications in human cells.
What is the role of lipopolysaccharide in bacteria?
LPS is a polysaccharide that is found in the outer membranes of most Gram-negative bacteria. It is essential to the survival and virulence of these bacteria.
The majority of Gram-negative bacteria have an essential substance called lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their outer membrane. It is made up of a lipid, commonly known as lipid A, and a polysaccharide chain that is joined to lipid A.
LPS serves as a structural element of the outer membrane, acting as a barrier against the outside world. By modifying the host immune response, LPS also has a significant impact on the pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria.
For instance, LPS can activate the complement cascade, causing the generation of inflammatory mediators, as well as trigger the creation of proinflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor-.
LPS can also attach to Toll-like receptors on immune cells, activating the innate immune system and causing the release of inflammatory mediators. LPS is therefore essential for the persistence and pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria.
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6. Which is true of the DNA sequence of the MCR1 gene in Africa?
a. The sequence is NOT very diverse in Africa
b. The sequence has lots of variation in Africa
Answer:
Explanation:
b. The sequence has lots of variation in Africa
Answer:
b. The sequence has lots of variation in Africa
Explanation:
DNA sequence diversity is often higher in populations with large effective population sizes and a long history of genetic exchange, such as in Africa. This can result in a greater variety of genetic variations, including in the MCR1 gene.
ALLEN
Why are there so few top carnivores in most ecosystems?
Carnivores play an important role in ecosystem balancing because they control the populations of the species on which they feed, thereby preventing an overpopulation of herbivorous animals.
Carnivores are organisms that feed primarily or exclusively on meat from other animals in ecology and zoology.
With this information, we can conclude that carnivorous animals feed on herbivores and thus exert population control in an ecosystem; other factors, such as carnivores' lower birth rate, contribute to their lower population density than herbivores.
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10.during which growth phase would you most likely find the production of endospores? a. lag b. exponential c. stationary
The stationary phase of growth is when endospore formation is most likely to occur.
When the environment is adverse, certain bacteria develop endospores, which are inactive structures. When bacteria are in the exponential phase, they are aggressively expanding while diverting little resources towards the development of endospores.
During the lag phase, bacteria are responding to their environment. When the population has grown to its maximum size and the bacteria are in the stationary phase, they begin to manufacture endospores as a kind of defence.
Because endospores can withstand high heat and cold, organisms can endure until more hospitable circumstances return.
Endospores are generated during the stationary phase and subsequently released, allowing the bacteria to spread and eventually recolonize new areas. The endospores can germinate and the bacteria can once more enter the exponential growth phase when the conditions are right.
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the ____________ is a long tube in the gi tract that connects the throat with the stomach.
The esophagus is a long muscular tube in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that connects the throat with the stomach.
When food is chewed and swallowed, it travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, where it is further broken down and processed. The walls of the esophagus contain smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to propel the food down the tube in a coordinated manner. The esophagus also contains sphincters at both ends to prevent food from moving back up into the throat or regurgitating into the esophagus.
The esophagus is a crucial component of the digestive system and plays an important role in facilitating the movement of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is subject to various disorders and conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophagitis, and esophageal cancer, which can affect its function and health. Treatment for these conditions depends on the specific diagnosis and can range from medication to surgery.
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What is one similarity between diffusion and osmosis?
One similarity between diffusion and osmosis is that both are passive transport mechanisms, which means they do not require energy input from the cell to move substances across a membrane.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, which results in the equalization of concentration throughout a medium. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion in which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration, also known as from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution.
In both cases, the movement of molecules or water occurs spontaneously without the input of energy from the cell. Diffusion and osmosis are fundamental concepts in biology and play important roles in various cellular processes such as nutrient uptake and waste removal.
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The ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons is called the: _________
The scale factor is the ratio of any two matching sides' lengths in two similar polygons. Accordingly, the ratio of a polygon's sides to all other sections is also the same.
Since the lengths of the corresponding sides of congruent polygons are equal, the ratio between any two corresponding sides will always be 1. Angles on congruent polygons have the same measure. Scale factor is the ratio of two comparable triangles' corresponding sides. The sides that are in the same position in all distinct 2-dimensional shapes are referred to as corresponding sides. Any pair of polygons must be the same size and shape in order to be considered congruent. This demands that all of their interior angles and matching sides have the same measurement. When two triangles are comparable, their angle bisectors, altitudes, and medians are proportional to one another, resulting in a ratio of equivalent sides.
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The figure shows four stages of a telomere shortening. What is the correct sequence of stages from youngest to oldest?
A.1, 3, 2, 4
B.3, 2, 1, 4
C.3, 4, 1, 2
D.2, 1, 4, 3
Correct sequence of stages from youngest to oldest is 1, 3, 2, 4, there are mainly 5 stages of live in human life cycle period.
The product life cycle is the progression of a product through 5 distinct stages—development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.
When we talk about the concept of life stages, three distinct phases come to mind: childhood, adulthood, and old age.
Childhood is divided into 3 stages of life which include early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood (preadolescence). Early childhood typically ranges from infancy to the age of 6 years old.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an adult is a person older than 19 years of age unless national law delimits an earlier age, and an adolescent someone aged 10 to 19 years.
With age, your skin thins and becomes less elastic and more fragile, and fatty tissue just below the skin decreases. You might notice that you bruise more easily. Decreased production of natural oils might make your skin drier. Wrinkles, age spots and small growths called skin tags are more common.
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1) Roots in plants absorb air needed for respiration through --------.
2) the respiration which takes without oxygen is called --------- respiration.
3) the tiny pores on the leaves of a plant through which gaseous exchange occurs are called ------.
4) the microscopic organism like yeast and bacteria obtain energy from aerobic respiration called -------.
Answer:
1.) soil
2.) anaerobic respiration
3.) stoma
4.) Fermentation (I hope)
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