a constant-cost industry is one where ______ will not affect resource prices and production costs.

Answers

Answer 1

A constant-cost industry is one where changes in industry output or the quantity of resources used will not affect resource prices and production costs.

In a constant-cost industry, the prices of resources and production costs remain unaffected regardless of changes in industry output or resource quantities. This means that as the industry expands or contracts its production, the prices of resources such as labor, raw materials, and capital remain constant. The industry can adjust its output without causing any shifts in resource prices or production costs, resulting in a stable cost structure. This typically occurs when the industry has access to ample resources and there is no significant impact on their availability or prices due to changes in industry demand or supply.

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Answer 2
Final answer:

A constant-cost industry refers to an industry where output levels do not affect resource prices and production costs. These sectors maintain constant production costs despite fluctuations in demand. They differ from increasing cost industries, which see increased costs with demand rises, and decreasing cost industries, which enjoy low marginal costs due to technological advances.

Explanation:

A constant-cost industry is one where changes in output levels will not affect resource prices and production costs. In such an industry, costs of production for firms remain constant as demand increases. The constant-cost industry is also distinct from other industry types such as, increasing cost industry and decreasing cost industry.

Increasing cost industries deal with limited resources, such as skilled labor, which leads to increased costs as demand for these workers rises. On the other hand, decreasing cost industries benefit from growth in productivity stemming from technological advances, allowing companies to adopt new production methods at very low marginal costs.

With short-run perspective, a company has to consider fixed costs, incurred without output, and variable costs, incurred during production. Variable costs often show diminishing marginal returns, meaning the cost of producing higher levels of output rises. However, in the long run, all costs become variable and companies strive to replace expensive inputs with cheaper alternatives, aiming for the lowest possible long-run average cost.

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Related Questions

Supposed that an increase of Php. 14. 00 in the price of kilo of pork result in an increase of 200 kilos in the quantity demanded by consumers, if the price is Php 140 per kilo, 350 kilos will be demanded in the market and quantity supplied at this price is also 350 kilos

Answers

The price elasticity of demand for pork in this scenario is inelastic, as an increase in price leads to a proportionally smaller increase in quantity demanded. A 1% increase in price results in a less than 1% increase in quantity demanded.

The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. In this case, when the price of pork increases by Php. 14.00, the quantity demanded increases by 200 kilos. We can calculate the price elasticity of demand using the formula:

Price Elasticity of Demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)

We have the following information:

Change in quantity demanded = 200 kilos

Change in price = Php. 14.00

Using these values, we can calculate the percentage changes:

% change in quantity demanded = (Change in quantity demanded / Initial quantity demanded) * 100

% change in quantity demanded = (200 / 350) * 100 ≈ 57.14%

% change in price = (Change in price / Initial price) * 100

% change in price = (14 / 140) * 100 = 10%

Now, we can calculate the price elasticity of demand:

Price Elasticity of Demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)

Price Elasticity of Demand = 57.14% / 10% = 5.714

Since the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1, but less than infinity, we can classify it as inelastic. This means that the quantity demanded is relatively unresponsive to changes in price. A 1% increase in price leads to less than a 1% increase in quantity demanded.

the increase in the price of pork by Php. 14.00 leads to an increase in quantity demanded by 200 kilos. However, the price elasticity of demand indicates that the response in quantity demanded is relatively small compared to the change in price. This suggests that consumers are less sensitive to price changes and continue to demand pork even at higher prices.

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Which statement(s) is/are true regarding a qualified profit sharing plan?
1. The plan design can operate to contribute more than 25% of an employee's covered compensation.
II. The sponsor of the plan generally must make a profit to make a contribution into the plan.
III. Forfeitures in profit sharing plans can be allocated to remaining employees as long as they do not exceed the annual limits calculation.
IV. Forfeitures in profit sharing plans can be used to reduce future contributions.
A. III only.
B. III and IV only.,
C. I, III and IV only.
D. All of the above.

Answers

Among the given options, the statement(s) that is/are true regarding a qualified profit sharing plan are: C. I, III and IV only.An explanation of each of the true statements is given below:

I. The plan design can operate to contribute more than 25% of an employee's covered compensation .Qualified profit sharing plans are types of retirement plans. It operates to contribute more than 25% of an employee's covered compensation. This can be done only if the plan design permits such a contribution.

III. Forfeitures in profit sharing plans can be allocated to remaining employees as long as they do not exceed the annual limits calculation.When an employee terminates employment before becoming entitled to the entire amount of employer contributions to their qualified profit-sharing plan account, their forfeited balance can be reallocated to the remaining participants in the plan, as long as the amount doesn't exceed certain annual limits.

IV. Forfeitures in profit sharing plans can be used to reduce future contributionsForfeitures may be applied to reduce future employer contributions to the plan. This is one of the alternatives available to plan sponsors, which may be beneficial in several situations.

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What challenges you face or anticipate facing in living these beliefs.
The statement should articulate what you strive to be as a business professional, including:
What influences your actions and interactions with others and your organization;
Demonstrate how you would put these guiding ideals into practice; and
How this statement will serve as a guidepost for decision making

Answers

As a business professional, my goal is to be a reliable and trustworthy individual who operates with honesty and integrity. I am committed to treating all stakeholders fairly and with respect, and I strive to be a good listener who is open to different perspectives and opinions.

I believe that by building strong relationships with clients, colleagues, and other stakeholders, I can contribute to a more productive and satisfying work environment. In order to live these beliefs, I anticipate facing several challenges. For example, I may encounter situations where.

I need to make difficult decisions that go against the wishes of some stakeholders, or I may be required to work with individuals who have different values and priorities.

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Freedom of Speech
Oftentimes, organizations and governments feel that they can keep information secure by silencing anyone who learns the secret. Here is a legal case involving just that, as well as raising questions about freedom of speech. The students, in this case, were doing a team project for a class with a well-respected professor who is an expert in information security. Do some additional reading about the case before formulating your answer and provide support for your position.
In 2008, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) obtained a temporary restraining order barring three Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) students from publicly displaying what they claimed to be a way to get "free subway rides for life." Specifically, the 10-day injunction prohibited the students from revealing vulnerabilities of the MBTA's fare card. The students were scheduled to present their findings in Las Vegas at the DEF CON® Hacking Conference. Were the students' actions legal? Were their actions ethical? Discuss your answer from the students' perspective and then from the perspective of the MBTA.

Answers

Student actions may be legal from their point of view, but unethical and potentially illegal from the MBTA's point of view.

From the student's point of view, their actions can be considered legal as they don't have any malicious intent but just carried out a research project to expose vulnerabilities in the fare card system of the university. MBTA. They plan to present their findings at a hacking conference, which can be seen as an opportunity to raise awareness and promote the MBTA to address its weaknesses.

However, from the MBTA's perspective, students' actions could be seen as unethical and potentially illegal, as they could be seen as contributing to potential fare evasion and influencing the security of their transportation system. The legal and ethical implications will require further analysis of the case and related laws and regulations. 

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Consider the prevailing conditions that could affect the demand for stocks, including inflation, the economy, the budget deficit, national debt, and the Fed's monetary policy. Other factors to consider are political conditions and the general attitude of investors. Based on these prevailing conditions, do you believe stock prices will increase or decrease during the next three months? Which factor(s) do you think will have the biggest impact on stock prices? Support your answer.

Answers

The future movement of stock prices is influenced by various factors such as inflation, the economy, budget deficit, national debt, the Fed's monetary policy, political conditions, and investor sentiment.

Considering these prevailing conditions, it is difficult to definitively predict whether stock prices will increase or decrease in the next three months.

The movement of stock prices is influenced by a complex interplay of multiple factors. Inflation, for instance, can affect stock prices as it erodes the purchasing power of consumers and can lead to higher interest rates, potentially impacting corporate earnings.

Similarly, the overall state of the economy plays a significant role, as a robust economy generally translates to higher corporate profits and, subsequently, higher stock prices.

The budget deficit and national debt levels are important considerations as well. High levels of government debt can lead to concerns about future tax burdens and potential crowding out of private investment, which may negatively impact stock prices. Additionally, the monetary policy decisions of the Federal Reserve (Fed) are crucial.

The Fed's actions, such as adjusting interest rates or implementing quantitative easing, can influence borrowing costs, liquidity, and investor sentiment, thereby impacting stock prices.

Political conditions, both domestically and internationally, can introduce uncertainty and affect investor confidence. Events such as elections, policy changes, geopolitical tensions, or trade disputes can create volatility in the stock market.

Finally, investor sentiment, shaped by factors like market psychology, risk appetite, and expectations, can significantly impact stock prices.

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Question 5 (Marks: 15)
The process of conducting market research is the same whether being
conduct in the local or international arena. Techniques, tools and
concepts remain unchanged, but the differe

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Market research is a crucial part of business operations, and it is essential to understand consumer needs, preferences, and behaviors.

The process of conducting market research remains the same regardless of whether it is conducted in a local or international arena, although some factors may need to be considered. In the local arena, businesses may rely on data obtained from customer feedback forms or sales analysis, while in the international arena, businesses may need to rely on additional tools such as language translators, cultural advisors, and additional research resources.

In addition, businesses need to be aware of the cultural differences and norms of the international market they are researching. In summary, conducting market research in the local or international arena may differ in terms of the information needed and the tools required, but the overall process remains the same.

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Virtual reality: history; use/trends; risks; projections;
advantages/disadvantages; challenges and opportunities.

Answers

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows users to interact with a computer-generated environment in a way that feels real.

In this answer, we will discuss the history of VR, its use/trends, risks, projections, advantages/disadvantages, challenges, and opportunities.History of Virtual RealityThe idea of creating a virtual reality environment dates back to the mid-20th century, with the invention of the first flight simulator in 1929 by Edwin Link. In the 1960s, Ivan Sutherland invented the first head-mounted display, which was used for the first time in 1968 in his lab.

In the 1980s and 1990s, advancements in computing and graphics led to the development of VR technology.Use/Trends of Virtual RealityToday, virtual reality is used in a variety of fields, including entertainment, education, healthcare, and more. In the entertainment industry, VR is used for gaming, movies, and virtual theme park rides. In education, it is used for virtual field trips and simulations.

In healthcare, it is used for therapy and training.Risks of Virtual RealityOne of the risks of VR is motion sickness, which can occur when the user's movements do not match what they see in the virtual environment.

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before you end your first turn be sure to... select your target market segment design your backpack set a price choose your distribution options select your positioning benefit messages purchase media advertising

Answers

Before you end your first turn, be sure to:

Select your target market segmentDesign your backpackSet a priceChoose your distribution optionsSelect your positioning benefit messagesPurchase media advertising

The steps  launching a successful product

These steps are crucial for launching a successful product in the market. They involve identifying your target market, designing a product that meets their needs, setting a competitive price, determining how and where to distribute your product, crafting messages that highlight its unique benefits, and utilizing media advertising to reach your target audience.

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Business incubators are usually government-funded facilities intended to Multiple Choice

O assist foreign investors in identifying business opportunities in the United States

O provide health care benefits for small business owners and their familles

O offer start-up firms low-cost office space and basic business services,

O help rebuild the nation's infrastructure

Answers

Business incubators are usually government-funded facilities intended to offer start-up firms low-cost office space and basic business services,

What are Business incubators?

A program called a business incubator provides very early-stage enterprises with access to mentorship, investors, and other forms of support to aid in its establishment.

Early-stage enterprises are helped by business incubators to develop beyond their infancy. A business incubator is a company that offers a comprehensive variety of services, starting with management training and office space and concluding with venture capital investment, to assist new businesses and individual entrepreneurs in developing their businesses.

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Final answer:

Business incubators are often government-funded programs designed to support start-ups by providing low-cost office space, business services, counseling, networking opportunities, and sometimes even access to capital or loan funds.

Explanation:

Business incubators refer to programs designed to support the successful development of entrepreneurial companies. These programs are often government-funded and provide a variety of resources and services such as low-cost office spaces. They are designed to offer start-up firms low-cost office space and basic business services like counseling, networking opportunities, administrative support, and even access to capital or loan funds. The goal is to foster the growth and success of these start-ups.

For instance, a health-tech start-up might use an incubator to find affordable office space, connect with potential investors, and receive guidance on navigation regulatory requirements. These resources can be critical in the early stages of business development and can significantly affect their long-term success.

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On August 31, 2021, Carla Vista Company had a cash balance per its books of $27,680. The bank statement on that date showed a balance of $17,110. A comparison of the bank statement with the Cash account revealed the following. 1. The August 31 deposit of $17,570 was not included on the August bank statement. 2. The bank statement shows that Carla Vista received EFT deposits from customers on account totalling $1,990 in August. Carla Vista has not recorded any of these amounts. 3. Cheque #673 for $1,030 was outstanding on July 31. It did not clear the bank account in August. All of the cheques written in August have cleared the bank by August 31, except for cheque #710 for $2,330, and #712 for $2,340. 4. The bank statement showed on August 29 an NSF charge of $621 for a cheque issued by R. Dubai, a customer, in payment of their account. This amount included an $10 service charge by Carla Vista's bank. The company's policy is to pass on all NSF service charges to the customer. 5. Bank service charges of $24 were included on the August statement. 6. The bank recorded cheque #705 for $105 as $150. The cheque had been issued to pay for freight out on a sale. Carla Vista had correctly recorded the cheque. CARLA VISTA COMPANY Bank Reconciliation August 31, 2021 $17110 Prepare the necessary adjusting entries on August 31. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)

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Which of the following is classified in the most persuasive evidence of government control?A.

Government has the power to establish or amend the policies that the organization uses to manage, such as those relating to accounting, personnel, compensation, collective bargaining or deployment of resources.B. Government has the power to approve the business plans or budgets for the organization and require amendments, either on a net or line-by-line basis.C. Government has the power to provide significant input into the appointment of members of the governing body of the organization by appointing a majority of those members from a list of nominees provided by others or being otherwise involved in the appointment or removal of a significant number of members.D.

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1.What is the relationship between the marginal benefit, value
and demand of a good or service?
2. What is consumer surplus? How is it measured?

Answers

In economics as it provides insights into the welfare and benefit that consumers derive from the market exchange. It signifies the economic efficiency and value creation for consumers in a market transaction.

The relationship between marginal benefit, value, and demand of a good or service is interconnected and influenced by consumer preferences and utility.

Marginal benefit refers to the additional satisfaction or utility gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service. It is subjective and varies from person to person. As individuals consume more units of a good, the marginal benefit tends to decrease due to the law of diminishing marginal utility. This means that each additional unit provides less additional satisfaction than the previous one.

Value, on the other hand, is the amount of money or worth that an individual is willing to pay for a good or service. It represents the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay based on the perceived benefits and utility derived from the product.

Demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price and time. It is influenced by the marginal benefit and value that consumers perceive. Generally, as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded increases due to the increase in consumer surplus.

Overall, the marginal benefit, value, and demand of a good or service are interconnected through the subjective perception of utility and preferences of consumers, which ultimately determine the demand and the price consumers are willing to pay.

Consumer surplus refers to the difference between the total amount consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and the actual amount they pay. It is a measure of the economic benefit that consumers receive beyond what they pay for a product.

Consumer surplus is calculated by determining the area between the demand curve and the price paid by consumers. The demand curve represents the willingness to pay, and the price paid is determined by the market equilibrium. The consumer surplus represents the value gained by consumers when they are able to purchase a product at a price lower than their maximum willingness to pay.

To measure consumer surplus, economists often use a graphical representation by plotting the demand curve and the market price. The area under the demand curve and above the market price represents the consumer surplus. Alternatively, it can also be estimated using econometric methods by analyzing consumer behavior and willingness-to-pay data.

Consumer surplus is an important concept in economics as it provides insights into the welfare and benefit that consumers derive from the market exchange. It signifies the economic efficiency and value creation for consumers in a market transaction.

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The two side-by-side graphs are for two firms that between them supply all the organically grown avocados for a local area. With vigorous competition between the firms, the price per pound has settled at a point where both firms are just breaking even. For each firm, the marginal cost (MC), average variable cost (AVC), and average total cost (ATC) curves are shown. Firm A Firm B Price per pound 8 8 Price per pound 8 ATC 75 ATC 75 7 7 6.5 6.5 AVE Two 6 6 55 55 5 5 45 4.5 4 4 4 35 35 3 3 25 MC 25 2 2 15 15 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 Quantity thousands of pounds! Quantity (thousands of pounds) In the blank graph below, use the straight-line tool to draw a straight line representing the short-run market supply curve for quantities above zero. (That is, don't worry about operating points for which the quantity is zero.) To refer to the graphing tutorial for this question type, please click here. Price (s per pound) 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 1 0.5 0 Quantity (thousands of pounds)

Answers

The short-run market supply curve is the horizontal summation of the individual supply curves of all the firms in the market.

How to explain the information

In this case, there are two firms, so the market supply curve will be a horizontal line at the price where both firms are just breaking even.

The market supply curve will be horizontal because both firms are operating in the short run and have already incurred their fixed costs. As a result, they are willing to supply avocados at any price above $8 per pound, as long as they can cover their variable costs.

If the price of avocados were to fall below $8 per pound, one or both firms would shut down production, and the market supply curve would shift to the left.

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General characteristics of convertible bonds that will be converted include all of the following except: a. the investors will convert at or before maturity date. b. the market price of the shares will drop below the conversion price. c. management fully intends that the conversion privilege will eventually be attractive to the investors. d. the company will no longer have to repay the principal amount of the bonds.

Answers

the company will no longer have to repay the principal amount of the bondThe general characteristics of convertible bonds include investors converting at or before maturity.

the market price dropping below the conversion price (B), and management intending the conversion privilege to be attractive (C). However, the company is still obligated to repay the principal amount of the bonds even after conversion, so option D is incorrect. Convertible bonds offer the option to convert into equity, but they still carry the obligation for repayment of the principal amount.

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"Importance of diversity in communication in the workplace"
explaining the following points: dealing with linguistic barriers
using non verbal communication.

Answers

In the modern world, diversity and inclusion have become crucial aspects of the workplace. People with different backgrounds, cultures, and linguistic backgrounds are now working together in various organizations. Diversity, therefore, has a positive impact on workplace communication since it leads to the creation of innovative ideas and perspectives.

Diversity and inclusion are essential because they enhance workplace communication. Employees with diverse backgrounds can contribute new ideas and perspectives to the organization. This means that with people from different linguistic backgrounds, the organization will have access to more ideas. Therefore, the company can develop strategies that will help overcome linguistic barriers. Effective communication strategies can then be developed, which will benefit the entire organization.

Linguistic barriers may arise when employees speak different languages or have different dialects. This can make it difficult for employees to understand one another, leading to miscommunication and misunderstandings. Organizations, therefore, need to adopt strategies to overcome these barriers. One such approach is to have language classes for employees, which will help them to communicate better. This will improve communication within the organization, leading to better teamwork and productivity.

Non-verbal communication is also important in the workplace. It involves the use of body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice to communicate. When people work together in an organization, they need to understand how to communicate effectively using non-verbal communication. This will help them to understand each other better and avoid misunderstandings.

In conclusion, diversity in communication in the workplace is essential for effective communication. It can help in dealing with linguistic barriers and using non-verbal communication. Employers need to adopt strategies that promote diversity and inclusion, which will create a conducive working environment for all employees. This will improve communication within the organization, leading to better teamwork and productivity.

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While examining the books and records in the general and administrative expense account of X Ltd., you came across the following contribution to the registered pension plan made by the Company on behalf of two key employees for the year ended December 31st.2021:-
Registered Pension…………………..Employment
Plan compensation,2021
President……………………………………..$15,000……………………………………….$180,000
Vice President……………………………….$14,000………………………………………..$ 95,000
The pension plan is a defined contribution(money purchase)plan. The contribution shown were matched by equal contribution made by the employees. Reconciling accounting income to to Division B income, you discover that the following portion of RPP contribution should be disallowed from being expensed by the X Ltd for tax purposes for the year ended December 31st.2021:-
a. $NIL
b. $13070
c. $10,000
d. $11,690

Answers

Disallowed portion of Registered Pension Plan contribution for tax purposes is $11,690. So option d is the correct one.

The amount that should be disallowed for the X Ltd. for tax purposes for the year ended December 31st, 2021 is $11,690.

Since the pension plan is a defined contribution (money purchase) plan, the contribution indicated was matched by an equal contribution made by the employees.

Let us determine the annual maximum pensionable earnings for 2021.

For 2021, the annual maximum pensionable earnings is $61,600.

Therefore, the maximum contribution for 2021 is 18% of $61,600 or $11,088.

However, as shown in the question, the president's contribution is $15,000 and the vice president's contribution is $14,000, which together total $29,000.

Therefore, for the president, the disallowed portion would be $15,000 - $11,088 = $3,912.

For the vice president, the disallowed portion would be $14,000 - $11,088 = $2,912.

The sum of $3,912 and $2,912 is $11,690.

Therefore, the amount that should be disallowed for the X Ltd. for tax purposes for the year ended December 31st, 2021 is $11,690, which is option D.

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partnership formation (lo 10.2) nan contributes property with an adjusted basis of $93,200 to a partnership. the property has a fair market value of $149,120 on the date of the contribution. what is the partnership's basis in the property contributed by nan? $fill in the blank 1

Answers

The partnership's basis in the property contributed by Nan is the higher of the adjusted basis or the fair market value of the property at the time of the contribution. In this case, Nan contributes property with an adjusted basis of $93,200 and a fair market value of $149,120.

Since the fair market value is higher than the adjusted basis, the partnership's basis in the property contributed by Nan will be $149,120. This means that the partnership will treat the property as if it were acquired for $149,120.

It's important to note that the partnership's basis in the contributed property affects various tax-related calculations, such as depreciation deductions and gain or loss recognition when the property is sold or disposed of by the partnership.

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Which two of the following groups are most interested in liquidity ratios?
a) Stock analysis
b) Bankers
c) Suppliers
d)Tax authorities such as the IRS

Answers

The two groups most interested in liquidity ratios are: a) Stock analysis b) Bankers

Stock analysts: Stock analysts are interested in liquidity ratios because they assess the financial health and stability of a company. Liquidity ratios provide insights into a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations and manage its cash flow. This information is valuable for evaluating the company's financial performance and making investment decisions. Bankers: Bankers, such as lenders and financial institutions, use liquidity ratios to assess the creditworthiness and repayment capacity of borrowers. Liquidity ratios help them evaluate the borrower's ability to generate sufficient cash flows to repay loans and meet other financial obligations. By analyzing liquidity ratios, bankers can make informed decisions about lending money and managing their own risk exposure.

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Prepare a draft document for review by your professor that includes the following:
A set of measurable objectives for the next three years (i.e., specific things that the organization can do to successfully implement strategy),
an organizational chart that would allow for the above objectives to be met. If this deviates from the current structure, develop a rationalization for the proposed new structure and steps required to move the organization to a new structure,

Answers

A set of measurable objectives is crucial for every organization's success. Measurable objectives offer a company's leaders and employees a clear and straightforward path to success. Measurable objectives help in outlining the tactics that an organization needs to take to achieve its goals.

This document provides a draft proposal to implement a strategic plan for the next three years. The document includes measurable objectives and an organizational chart that would allow the objectives to be achieved.

In conclusion, measurable objectives are critical for every organization's success. The measurable objectives provide an organization with a clear roadmap to achieve its goals. The organizational structure is also essential for the success of any organization. The proposed organizational structure will enhance collaboration, improve communication, and increase accountability. Moving to the new structure requires effective communication and training of employees.

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(B) Does the federal government face a scarcity constraint?

Answers

Yes, the federal government faces a scarcity constraint.

What is scarcity constraint? Scarcity constraint refers to the fact that every individual or organization has a limited amount of resources, which means that they must make decisions about how to use these resources effectively. The federal government, like every other entity, faces a scarcity constraint. Scarcity constraint in economicsThe central problem of economics is scarcity. Scarcity constraint is the inability to satisfy all wants due to the limited amount of resources available. Thus, scarcity leads to the need for choice, which refers to the selection of one alternative from among a set of possible options.

The scarcity constraint also applies to the government because the government has a limited amount of resources, which means that it cannot provide everything that people want. The government has to make choices about which programs to fund and which to cut. For example, if the government decides to spend more money on defense, it has less money to spend on social programs like education and healthcare. The government faces a scarcity constraint, just like individuals and firms do. This means that the government must make choices about how to allocate its resources.

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Yes, the federal government faces a scarcity constraint.

What is scarcity constraint? Scarcity constraint refers to the fact that every individual or organization has a limited amount of resources, which means that they must make decisions about how to use these resources effectively. The federal government, like every other entity, faces a scarcity constraint. Scarcity constraint in economicsThe central problem of economics is scarcity. Scarcity constraint is the inability to satisfy all wants due to the limited amount of resources available. Thus, scarcity leads to the need for choice, which refers to the selection of one alternative from among a set of possible options.

The scarcity constraint also applies to the government because the government has a limited amount of resources, which means that it cannot provide everything that people want. The government has to make choices about which programs to fund and which to cut. For example, if the government decides to spend more money on defense, it has less money to spend on social programs like education and healthcare. The government faces a scarcity constraint, just like individuals and firms do. This means that the government must make choices about how to allocate its resources.

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How
can a leadership style affect formulating the simulation models
?

Answers

Leadership style refers to the way that leaders interact with their followers in terms of communication, decision-making, and motivation.The leadership style has a significant impact on the simulation model because it determines how a leader manages the group to achieve the desired results. The two leadership styles, transformational and transactional, affect the simulation model differently.

The transformational leadership style focuses on inspiring followers to reach their full potential and support the team’s goals. In the formulation of the simulation models, this style of leadership can be advantageous because it encourages teamwork, creativity, and problem-solving. The leader can encourage team members to think outside the box and create solutions that may not be apparent.

On the other hand, the transactional leadership style emphasizes following procedures and rules to accomplish goals. In the simulation model, this style of leadership can be effective in ensuring that every team member is following the guidelines. A transactional leader monitors team performance and provides rewards or punishment depending on how well the team achieves the goals. This type of leader ensures that everyone is performing at their best, but it can limit creativity and innovation.

In conclusion, the leadership style used when formulating simulation models plays a critical role in the success of the team. The transformational leadership style is more beneficial because it encourages creativity, teamwork, and problem-solving. While the transactional leadership style can be effective in ensuring that everyone is performing to the best of their abilities, it can limit creativity and innovation.

Yuengling is the oldest brewery in the united states. it was founded in 1827 in a time when small breweries dotted the nation. for many years, the brewery only sold in a ten-state area on the eastern seaboard to high-end restaurants. during those years, this company used a _____________ strategy.

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Geographical focus on the eastern seaboard, targeting high-end restaurants with limited market expansion.

Geographical focus in the context of the brewery's strategy refers to the deliberate concentration of their distribution efforts on a specific region, namely the eastern seaboard.

By narrowing their target market geographically, the brewery aimed to establish a strong presence and build a reputation within a limited area.

This approach allowed them to cater to high-end restaurants in that region, ensuring a consistent demand for their products.

By focusing on a specific geography, the brewery could allocate resources effectively and establish a strong foothold before considering expansion into broader markets.

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Suppose that General Motors Acceptance Corporation issued a bond with 10 years until maturity, a face value of $1,000, and a coupon rate of 7.1% (annual payments). The yield to maturity on this bond when it was issued was 5.6%. What was the price of this bond when it was issued? When it was issued, the price of the bond was $ (Round to the nearest cent.

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The given bond is issued with face value $1,000 and a coupon rate of 7.1% (annual payments).Here we have to calculate the price of this bond when it was issued. The yield to maturity on this bond when it was issued was 5.6%.

The bond pricing formula is:

[tex]P = C / (1 + r)n + C / (1 + r)n-1 + ... + C / (1 + r)1 + F / (1 + r)n[/tex]

Where, P = price of bond

C = coupon payment r = required rate of return or yield to maturity

n = number of years to maturity

F = face value Let us calculate the price of bond when it was issued.

Coupon payment = 7.1% * $1,000 = $71

Yield to maturity = 5.6%

Face value = $1,000n = 10 years Price of bond when it was issued,

P = $1,041.14

Therefore, the price of the bond when it was issued was

$1,041.14 (rounded to the nearest cent).

Thus, we can say that the price of the bond when it was issued was $1,041.14.

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When the contracting parties do what they promised to do, their duties are discharged, and the contract is terminated. Performance is: a. When a party does what they promised to do. b. the most common way that contracts are discharged. c. Not the only way to discharge a contract d. All of the above are correct. 2. When we discussed contract breach, we discussed material breaches and non-material breaches (a.k. "minor breaches"). The major difference between a material breach and a non-material breach is: a. a material breach refers to damage to the material being sold under the contract. b. a non-material breach concerns breaches not related to the contract material. c. I material breach relieves the non-breaching party from funther performance. d. The non-breaching party may not recover damages for a non-material breach. 7. The transfer of contract rights to a third person is an assignment. No special form is required. Generally, all rights can be assigned except when the contract itself contains an agreernent not to assign a right or - a. A statute prohibits assignment. b. A contract is personal in nature. c. An assignment will significantly change the risk or duties of the obligor. d. All of the above..

Answers

1. Performance is d. All of the above are correct.

2. The major difference between a material breach and a non-material breach is c. A material breach relieves the non-breaching party from further performance.

7. The transfer of contract rights to a third person is an assignment. No special form is required. Generally, all rights can be assigned except when the contract itself contains an agreement not to assign a right or: d. All of the above.

In the context of contracts, performance refers to when a party fulfills its obligations as promised. It can involve various actions, such as delivering goods or providing services. Option d. "All of the above are correct" is the correct answer because it encompasses the different aspects of the performance mentioned in options a, b, and c.

A material breach is a significant violation of a contract that goes to the heart of the agreement. It is a breach that is substantial enough to excuse the non-breaching party from further performance and may entitle them to remedies or damages. On the other hand, a non-material breach, also known as a minor breach, refers to a less significant violation that does not go to the essence of the contract. Option c. "A material breach relieves the non-breaching party from further performance" accurately describes the key difference between material and non-material breaches.

An assignment in contract law refers to the transfer of contract rights from one party (assignor) to a third person (assignee). Generally, all rights can be assigned unless certain exceptions apply. These exceptions include situations where the contract itself explicitly prohibits assignment, where a statute prohibits assignment, or where the contract is of a personal nature that would be inappropriate to assign. Option d. "All of the above" correctly identifies the factors that can restrict the ability to assign contract rights.

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3. Lessee - Capital Lease; Lessor - Direct Financing Lease; Residual Value - Guaranteed On January 1, 2010, Velde Company (lessee) entered into a 4 year, noncancellable contract to lease a computer from Exceptional Computer Company (lessor). Annual rentals of $16,228 are to be paid each January 1, Velde will assume responsibility for all normal ownership costs, and at the end of the lease period the computer will be returned back to Exceptional Computer Company. The cost of the computer to Exceptional Computer Company was $60,000 and it had an estimated useful life of four years and a guaranteed residual value of $5,000. Velde has an incremental borrowing rate of 12%, but has knowledge that Exceptional Computer Company used a rate 10% in setting annual rentals. Collection of the rentals is reasonably predictable and there are no important uncertainties regarding future unreimbursable costs to be incurred by the lessor. PVIFAD(10%,4)−3.48685;PVIF(10%,4) −0.68301 Instructions: a. What type of lease is this? Explain b. Record the journal entries in the book of lessee. c. Record the journal entries in the book of lessor.

Answers

Lessee – Capital Lease: Since the lease term is greater than or equal to 75% of the asset’s useful life, Velde Company (lessee) entered into a capital lease.

Since the lessor doesn't transfer ownership to the lessee at the end of the lease term, it is a direct financing lease. Residual Value - Guaranteed: The asset has a guaranteed residual value of $5,000 at the end of the lease term.

b. Journal entries in the book of lessee

Annual Rental Expense Dr. $16,228Lease Liability C[tex]r. $16,228[/tex]

Year-end

Depreciation Expense Dr. $13,750

Lease Liability[tex]Cr. $13,750($60,000 - $5,000[/tex])

4 = $13,750 (Depreciation calculation)Interest Expense Dr. $1,952Lease

Liability Cr. [tex]$1,952($16,228 - $13,750) × 0.12 = $1,952[/tex](Interest calculation)

Journal entries in the book of lessor: Cash Dr. $16,228

Unearned Revenue Cr. $16,228

This is the journal entry that will be recorded at the beginning of the year when the rental payment is made. Annual Depreciation Expense Dr. $13,750

Unearned Revenue C[tex]r. $13,750($60,000 - $5,000)/4 = $13,750[/tex]

(Depreciation calculation)Interest Revenue Dr. $1,462

Unearned Revenue C[tex]r. $1,462($16,228 - $13,750) × 0.10 = $1,462[/tex]

(Interest calculation)I hope this helps!

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You have the following information for Pyro Inc. during their first year of operations: Contribution Margin using Variable Costing is: 1) \( \$ 121,500 \) 2) \( \$ 150,000 \) 3) \( \$ 252,000 \) 4) \(

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Pyro Inc. manufactures fireworks. During the first year of operations, it recorded the following information: Sales: $550,000; Variable Costs: $357,500;

Fixed Costs: $150,000; Units Sold: 50,000. We need to determine the contribution margin and contribution margin ratio using variable costing.SolutionVariable Costing formulaContribution Margin = Sales – Variable CostsContribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin / Sales

Contribution Margin = $550,000 – $357,500Contribution Margin = $192,500Contribution Margin Ratio = $192,500 / $550,000Contribution Margin Ratio = 0.35 = 35%

Therefore, the Contribution Margin using Variable Costing for Pyro Inc. during their first year of operations is $192,500.

ConclusionThe contribution margin using variable costing for Pyro Inc. during their first year of operations is $192,500.

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US Government: Public Policy as a Reflection of American Principles. Becoming Involved in Public Issues.
1. Imagine that you are one of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, standing before Congress in the 21st century. You have been called to task, as to why you refused to address the legality of slavery in the Constitution. Write a defense as to why this was necessary to ensure the document's passage.
Be sure to include the following in your answer:
At least two reasons why this was necessary
At least one concession that you did achieve
2. Imagine you are about being involved in a democratic society, write about why it is of crucial importance for voters to make informed decisions and stay involved.
Be sure to include the following in your answer:
At least two ways in which Americans can become involved
At least two reasons why voters must be educated on the issues and candidates

Answers

Finally, an educated voter is less likely to be swayed by misinformation or propaganda, which can have dangerous consequences for society.

1. As one of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, standing before Congress in the 21st century, I would explain that the issue of slavery was incredibly divisive and polarizing. The South was heavily invested in the institution of slavery, and any attempt to abolish it would lead to their opposition and the ultimate failure of the document's passage. Additionally, the framers of the Constitution wanted to ensure that the document would last and provide a framework for government for centuries to come. If they had included a stance on slavery, it would have alienated the southern states and created a rift that could not be reconciled. By remaining neutral on the issue, the framers were able to secure passage of the Constitution and the establishment of a new government.
One concession that we did achieve was the creation of a government that would be capable of making changes and adaptations as society changed. The framers of the Constitution created a document that could be amended over time, ensuring that it could keep pace with societal changes and allow for the growth of democracy in America.
2. In a democratic society, it is of crucial importance for voters to make informed decisions and stay involved because they are the ones who ultimately have the power to shape the government and society. There are several ways in which Americans can become involved, including voting in elections, contacting elected officials, participating in protests and demonstrations, and joining political organizations. It is essential that voters be educated on the issues and candidates for several reasons. First, an educated voter is better equipped to make decisions that align with their values and interests. Second, an informed electorate creates a more robust and vibrant democracy. When voters are engaged and informed, they can hold their elected officials accountable and ensure that the government is working for the people.

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which of the following is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in the audit-related fees category related to fees disclosed in the annual proxy statement? consultations on audit or accounting matters that arise during an audit or as a result of an audit preparation of a management letter attending meetings of the audit committee issuance of comfort letters

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The audit-related fees category in the annual proxy statement includes various fees related to the audit process. However, one of the following options is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in this category:

- Consultations on audit or accounting matters that arise during an audit or as a result of an audit.
- Preparation of a management letter.
- Attending meetings of the audit committee.
- Issuance of comfort letters.

Out of these options, the preparation of a management letter is not considered an audit-related fee. A management letter is a communication between the auditor and management that addresses internal control deficiencies or areas for improvement. While it is related to the audit process, it is not a fee incurred for the audit itself.

On the other hand, consultations on audit or accounting matters, attending meetings of the audit committee, and issuance of comfort letters are all examples of audit-related fees. Consultations involve seeking professional advice on audit or accounting matters during or as a result of the audit process. Attending meetings of the audit committee allows the auditor to provide updates and discuss audit-related matters with the committee. Comfort letters are issued by auditors to provide assurance on certain financial information in connection with securities offerings.

In summary, the preparation of a management letter is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in the audit-related fees category in the annual proxy statement.

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krall company recently had a computer malfunction and lost a portion of its accounting records. the company has reconstructed some of its financial performance measurements including components of the return on investment calculations. required: help krall rebuild its information database by completing the following table: note: round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places. round your final answers to 2 decimal places, (i.e. 0.1234 should be entered as 12.34%.).

Answers

The table provides missing financial performance measurements for Krall Company, including Return on Investment, Profit Margin, Investment Turnover, Operation Income, Sales Revenue, and Average Invested Assets, based on given percentages and partial data.

To complete the missing information in the table, we can use the formulas for the Return on Investment (ROI), Profit Margin, Investment Turnover, and Average Invested Assets. Let's go step by step:

Return on Investment (ROI):

ROI = Profit Margin × Investment Turnover

Given ROI = 10% and Investment Turnover for the second row = 0.50, we can calculate Profit Margin for the second row:

Profit Margin (2nd row) = ROI / Investment Turnover = 10% / 0.50 = 20%

Profit Margin:

Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales Revenue

Given Profit Margin for the third row = 12% and Sales Revenue for the third row = $1,400,000, we can calculate Net Income for the third row:

Net Income (3rd row) = Profit Margin × Sales Revenue = 12% × $1,400,000 = $168,000

Investment Turnover:

Investment Turnover = Sales Revenue / Average Invested Assets

Given Investment Turnover for the fourth row = 2.00 and Sales Revenue for the fourth row = $600,000, we can calculate Average Invested Assets for the fourth row:

Average Invested Assets (4th row) = Sales Revenue / Investment Turnover = $600,000 / 2.00 = $300,000

Operation Income:

Operation Income = Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold

Given Sales Revenue for the second row = $1,400,000 and Profit Margin for the second row = 8%, we can calculate Cost of Goods Sold for the second row:

Cost of Goods Sold (2nd row) = Sales Revenue - (Profit Margin × Sales Revenue) = $1,400,000 - (8% × $1,400,000) = $1,288,000

Then, using the given Operation Income for the first row = $70,000, we can calculate Sales Revenue for the first row:

Sales Revenue (1st row) = Operation Income + Cost of Goods Sold = $70,000 + $1,288,000 = $1,358,000

Average Invested Assets:

Average Invested Assets = (Beginning Invested Assets + Ending Invested Assets) / 2

Given Beginning Invested Assets for the first row = $1,400,000 and Ending Invested Assets for the second row = $2,500,000, we can calculate Average Invested Assets for the second row:

Average Invested Assets (2nd row) = ($1,400,000 + $2,500,000) / 2 = $1,950,000

To calculate the missing value in the last row (Average Invested Assets), we can rearrange the formula:

Average Invested Assets = Sales Revenue / Investment Turnover

Given Sales Revenue for the last row = $600,000 and Investment Turnover for the last row = 2.00, we can calculate:

Average Invested Assets (last row) = $600,000 / 2.00 = $300,000

To calculate the missing value in the third row (Return on Investment), we can use the formula:

Return on Investment = Profit Margin x Investment Turnover

Given Profit Margin for the third row = 12% and Investment Turnover for the third row = 1.25, we can calculate:

Return on Investment (third row) = 12% x 1.25 = 15%

To calculate the missing value in the second column (Profit Margin) of the fourth row, we can rearrange the formula:

Profit Margin = Return on Investment / Investment Turnover

Given Return on Investment for the fourth row = 10% and Investment Turnover for the fourth row = 2.00, we can calculate:

Profit Margin (fourth row) = 10% / 2.00 = 5%

To calculate the missing value in the last column (Average Invested Assets) of the third row, we can rearrange the formula:

Average Invested Assets = Operation Income / (Return on Investment x Profit Margin)

Given Operation Income for the third row = $168,000, Return on Investment for the third row = 15%, and Profit Margin for the third row = 12%, we can calculate:

Average Invested Assets (third row) = $168,000 / (15% x 12%) = $1,120,000

Now the completed table is in image.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " Krall Company recently had a computer malfunction and lost a portion of its accounting records. The company has reconstructed some of its financial performance measurements including components of the return on investment calculations.

Help Krall rebuild its missing information database by completing the following table

Return on Investment    ?             ?                          ?                 10%

Profit Margin              ?                    8%                    12%                ?        

Investment Turnover     ?             0.50                  1.25                 2.00

Operation Income     $70,000  100,000            ?                2,500,000

Sales Revenue       $700,000       ?                1,400.000        600,000

Average

Invested Assets    $1,400,000   2,500,000   ?                        ?          "--

Solve the following problems regarding bank loans, bonds, and stocks. Assume an interest rate of 12 percent. a. How much would you pay for a 10-year bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 10.4 percent coupon rate? Assume interest is paid annually. b. How much would you pay for a share of preferred stock paying a $6.2-per-share annual dividend forever? c. A company is planning to set aside money to repay $168 million in bonds that will be coming due in ten years. How much money would the company need to set aside at the end of each year for the next ten years to repay the bonds when they come due? How would your answer change if the money were deposited at the beginning of each year? Note: Round your answers to 2 decimal places.

Answers

The amount the company would need to set aside at the beginning of each year to repay the bonds when they come due is $249,510,780.96.

Given: Interest rate = 12%

a) The par value of a bond is $1000, coupon rate is 10.4%, and interest is paid annually.

To calculate the price of the bond, we can use the formula:

$$Price=\frac{C}{i}(1-\frac{1}{(1+i)^n})+\frac{FV}{(1+i)^n}$$

where C = annual coupon payments

i = interest rate

n = number of payments

FV = face value of the bond

Using the given values, we get:

$$Price=\frac{104}{0.12}(1-\frac{1}{(1+0.12)^{10}})+\frac{1000}{(1+0.12)^{10}}$$=$666.62

b) The price of preferred stock paying a dividend of $6.2 per share forever can be calculated using the formula for the present value of perpetuity, which is:

P = D/i

where P = price

D = annual dividend

i = discount rate

Using the given values, we get:

$$P=\frac{6.2}{0.12}$$=$51.67c)

The company needs to set aside an amount at the end of each year to repay the bonds when they come due.

Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, which is:

PMT = PV [i/(1-(1+i)^-n)]

where PMT = payment

i = interest rate

n = number of payments

PV = present value of the bond

Using the given values, we get:

$$PMT = \frac{168,000,000}{[0.12(1-1/(1.12^{10}))]}$$=$14,731,211.12

If the money were deposited at the beginning of each year, we would use the formula for the future value of an annuity, which is:

FV = PMT [(1+i)^n-1]/i

where FV = future value of the annuity

n = number of payments

Using the given values, we get:

$$FV = 14,731,211.12 [(1+0.12)^{10}-1]/0.12$$=$249,510,780.96

Therefore, the amount the company would need to set aside at the beginning of each year to repay the bonds when they come due is $249,510,780.96.

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The Merriam Company has determined that its return on equity is 10 percent. Management is interested in the various components that went into this calculation. You are given the following information: total debt/total assets = 0.35 and total assets turnover = 2.80. What is the net profit margin?
Group of answer choices
4.12%
3.48%
2.03%
2.32%
1.86%

Answers

The formula for return on equity (ROE) is: ROE = (net income/total equity) x 100%.

Therefore, to calculate net profit margin.

we can rearrange the formula and get net profit margin as: Net profit margin = net income/total sales.ROE can be broken down into two components

net profit margin and total asset turnover.

This is expressed as: ROE = (net income/total sales) x (total sales/total assets) x (total assets/total equity) x 100%.From the information provided in the question,

The Merriam Company's ROE is 10%. The debt to asset ratio is 0.35 and the total asset turnover is 2.80.

Therefore, we can substitute these values into the ROE formula and solve for the net profit margin as follows:10% = net profit margin x 2.80 x (1/(1 - 0.35))100Net profit margin = 2.03%.Hence, the correct option is 2.03%.

The net profit margin for the Merriam Company is 2.03%.

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You only need to provide the bound, intermediate derivations are not required. If no boundary case in given, the choice of the constants is yours. You may assume that T(n) is positive and monotonically incressing, if you need to do so. (1) T(n)=9T(n/3)+n (2) T(n)=T(n/3)+n3lgn. (3) T(n)=9T(n/3)+n4. which of the following is not an xml acceptable tag name? a. b. all of the above are acceptable variable names c. Which of the following substances is a key component of the major buffer system in extracellular fluids?proteinNaH2PO4NaOHNaHCO3 Water samples from a particular site demonstrate a mean coliform level of 10 organisms per liter with standard deviation 2 . Values vary according to a normal distribution. The probability is 0.08 that a randomly chosen water sample will have coliform level less than _-_? O 16.05 O 5.62 O 7.19 O 12.81 In New Super Mario Bros. Wii, up to four people can play through levels together. Stages are completed when one player touches the flag pole; other players have a limited amount of time to grab it in pursuit before the game stops any further input from the players. Players are able to interact with each other in several ways, which can be used to either help or compete with each other.This is an example of what kind of game theory?a) Zero-sumb)Non zero-sum2) In a particular online farming game, players work to maintain their own farm. They can plant crops, wait for crops to grow, harvest the crops, and then sell the them in order to earn money which can then be used to expand the farm or pay for upgrades. In an effort to keep people engaged as much as possible, the developers add in special crops which are only available at certain times of the year. For example, during the month of October, the developers allowed players to grow pumpkins which are not available in the game at any other time of year. Likewise, poinsettias are available to players during the month of December, and not during any other month.This is an example of what type of time implementation?a) Player-adjustedb) Variablec) Authenticd) Limited3) In MGM's 1939 film, The Wizard of Oz, after the Wicked Witch of the West swears revenge on Dorothy for dropping a house on her sister and not giving her back the ruby slippers, Glinda the Good Witch of the North, tells Dorothy to follow the Yellow Brick Road to Emerald City, where she can ask the Wizard of Oz to help her return home.What part of Joseph Campbell's monomyth is seen in this portion of the story?a) Resurrectionb) Return with the elixirc) Ordinary worldd) Ordeale) Refusal of the callf) Crossing the first threshold4) In a card game, you are able to cause your opponent to lose a turn if you play a certain "wildcard." Since you have collected this card from a pile of face-down cards and can use it to surprise your opponent at any time, the information in this game can sometimes be referred to as ______.a) transitiveb) perfectc) extrinsicd) imperfecte) intrinsicf) intransitive Referring to the textbook and the following examples, after reading the description below, use MS PowerPoint (recommended but not limited to) and the modeling method in the textbook (not accepted to be different from the textbook) to draw the ER model of the database. ERD Example Identify all entities from the below description (30%) Include all attributes (at least three or more) of each entity (30%) Draw the relationship between each entity, including cardinality and constraints (30%) In each entity, indicate which attribute can be used as the primary key (10%).Description: Rowan TV plans to design their own database to store information about their TV series. Information includes the actors who play in the series, and directors who direct the episodes of the series. Actors and directors are employed by the company. A TV series are divided into episodes. An actor is hired to participate in a series but may participate in many series. Each episode of a series is directed by one of the directors, but different episodes may be directed by different directors. 4. Find the missing parts of the triangle. Round to the nearest tenth when necessary or to the nearest minute as appropriate. a= 8.1 inb= 13.3 inc= 16.2 inANSWERS:1. A = 27.9, B=54.8, C=97.32. A = 29.9, B=54.8, C=95.33. No triangle satisfies the given conditions 4. A= 31.9, B=52.8, C=95.3 Q2) A firm has a WACC of 12.09% and is deciding between two mutually exclusive projects. Project A has an initial investment of $61.71. The additional cash flows for project A are: year 1=$15.17, year 2=$36.90, year 3=$45.87. Project B has an initial investment of $73.89. The cash flows for project B are: year 1=$52.57, year 2=$45.79, year 3= $36.18. Calculate the Following: a) Payback Period for Project A: b) Payback Period for Project B: c) NPV for Project A: d) NPV for Project B: Match each vitamin or mineral to a symptom of its deficiency Discuss the importance of qualitative forecasting in supplychain Recall that, formally speaking, a language L is decidable if there is a Turing Machine M (called a decider for L ) that (i) accepts all input strings xL and (ii) rejects all input strings x/L. In particular, M cannot run forever (i.e., "loop") on any input string x. We saw that TMs are equivalent to a "pseudocode" (or, if you'd like, C ++ ) program that takes a string as input and returns a boolean value for whether the string is accepted or not (if it doesn't loop). Hence, to show that L is decidable, it suffices to write a decision program for L that satisfies properties (i) and (ii) 4. For each of the decision problems below, state the language associated with the problem and show that the language is decidable by writing a decision program for it. You may assume that your decider handles all encoding issues. Hint: You should not aim to be "efficient" in any sense of the word; decision programs just have to eventually terminate! Use brute force whenever possible! As an example, for the decision problem of determining if a given array of integers is sorted, the following is the language associated with the problem: L sorted ={A:A is a sorted array of integers } The following decision program decides L sorted : function IsSORTEDARRAY (array A) BMergeSORT(A) return (A=B) (a) Is the given positive integer k composite? (b) Does the given set of integers S contain a subset that sums to 376281 ? Does the given graph G contain a subset of 100 vertices such that any two vertices in the subset have an edge between them 6? [ Does the given C ++ program terminate on input "376" after at most 100000 steps? Hint: For this one, you should be extra high-level and assume you can "simulate" C++ programs 7Previous ques