A galaxy with constant mass density within 20,000 light-years of its center, and zero density beyond that distance.

Universe in chronological order,Inflation, Separation 2 fundamental forces, Formed subatomic, Nucleosynthesis and Formation of first stars.

Mystics, theologians, philosophers, and scientists can all have different perspectives on the universe. In science, we take the slow approach and only accept claims that can be verified through experiment or observation. The General Relativity Theory, which Albert Einstein developed, explains the relationships between mass, energy, space, and time. Einstein demonstrated how well his theory fits with a homogeneous distribution of matter in space. He made the unquestioned assumption that the universe is static and constant on a grand scale. Alexander A. Friedmann, a Russian theorist, discovered in 1922 that Einstein's universe is unstable and will expand or contract with even the smallest perturbation. Vesto M. Slipher of Lowell Observatory was gathering the initial proof that galaxies are actually separating at the time.

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The net torque needed to balance is 120N

Weight of the plank W = 80N

Length of the inclined plane S = [tex]\sqrt{9 + 16}[/tex] = 5

Cos θ = 3/5

Net torque needed to balance is τ = W Cos θ s/2

τ = 120 N

The study's subject also refers to torque as a moment, moment of force, rotational force, or turning effect. It is possible to think of torque as the linear force's rotational counterpart. It stands for a force's capacity to alter the body's rotational motion. Archimedes' studies on the use of levers, which are reflected in his well-known saying, "Give me a lever and a place to stand. and I shall move the Earth." similar, led to the development of the concept. a linear force pushes, similar to that. A torque is a movement that twists about or pulls an object. a certain axis. When the strength of the force is multiplied by the angle at which the line of action is perpendicular, torque is the outcome.

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Now that we are aware that the skier won't lose contact on the second slope, h = 16.35m

Since all of the energy is conserved in this situation, the motion of the skier from the first hill to the second hill may be explained by energy conservation.

Final kinetic energy = starting potential energy

hence, we have

mgh = 1/2 * m * v ^ 2

Now that we are aware that the skier won't lose contact on the second slope, we

(m * v ^ 2)/R = mg

v ^ 2 = Rg

now that we

R = 32.7m

v ^ 2 = 32.7 * 9.8

v = 17.9m/s

the result of the above equation is

mgh = 1/2 * m * v ^ 2

h = (v ^ 2)/(2g) (2g)

h = (17.9 ^ 2)/(2(9.81))

h = 16.35m.

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A wall with an area of 8 cm² is struck by 5.00 x 10²³ nitrogen molecules over the course of 1 s. Assume that the molecules are moving at a speed of 300 m/s and colliding with the wall in an elastic manner. The pressure acting on the wall is  17.43 kPa.

Mass in motion is a definition of momentum. Mass and velocity are multiplied to determine momentum. That is, p = mv where p,m, and v denotes momentum, mass, and velocity.

Given the change in the time period, Δt is 1 second, the number of nitrogen molecules is 5.00×10²³ molecules, the change in velocity Δv is 300 m/s, and the area is 8×10⁻⁴ m².

The momentum of one molecule is given as 2mΔv. Then, the momentum of N molecules is 2NmΔv.

The force exerted on the wall by nitrogen molecule is written as,

[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Force F}&=\frac{\Delta\text {momentum}}{\Delta t}\\&=\frac{2Nm\Delta v}{\Delta t}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Then, the pressure exerted by nitrogen molecule on the wall is,

[tex]\begin{aligned}P&=\frac{F}{A}\\&=\frac{2Nm\Delta v}{\Delta t\times A}\\&=\frac{2\times 5\times10^{23}\times4.65\times10^{-26}\times300}{8\times 10^{-4}\times 1.00}\\&=\mathrm{17.43\;kPa}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, the required answer is 17.43 kPa.

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Answer:

Choice E.

Amplitude: [tex]20\; {\rm cm}[/tex].

Frequency: [tex]2\; {\rm Hz}[/tex].

Explanation:

The amplitude of a simple harmonic motion (SHM) is the maximum displacement from equilibrium.

In this question, the equilibrium is in the center of the two extremes. With one extreme at [tex]x = 10\; {\rm cm}[/tex] and the other at [tex]x = 50\; {\rm cm}[/tex], the center will be at [tex](1/2)\, (10 + 50)\; {\rm cm} = 30\; {\rm cm}[/tex].

The maximum displacement will be [tex](50\; {\rm cm} - 30\; {\rm cm}) = 20\; {\rm cm}[/tex] (or equivalently, [tex](30\; {\rm cm} - 10\; {\rm cm}) = 20\; {\rm cm}[/tex].

Frequency measures the number of cycles completed in unit time (e.g., one second.) In one full cycle of an SHM, the oscillator will travel from one extreme to another and then back to the original extreme. In this question:

In other words, one full cycle of this SHM will take [tex]0.25\; {\rm s} + 0.25\; {\rm s} = 0.50\; {\rm s}[/tex]. The period of this SHM will be [tex]0.50\; {\rm s}[/tex]. Hence, the frequency of this SHM will be:

[tex]\begin{aligned} (\text{frequency}) &= \frac{1}{(\text{period})} \\ &= \frac{1}{0.50\; {\rm s}} \\ &= 2\; {\rm Hz}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Taking three pieces of string from the previous problem and tie two of them together to make a string of double the mass density, V₁ = [tex]\sqrt{2}[/tex]V₂ it wins the race.

An object's mass per unit volume is referred to as its mass density. The units that can be used to describe this characteristic are pounds per square foot (lb/ft²) and kilograms per square meter (kg/m³).

Given that,

tension = 1.2 N

Frequency = 5 Hz.

Length = 40 m

Let, mass density of thin string = m

mass density of thick string = 2m

As we know,

V₁ = [tex]\sqrt{F/m}[/tex]

V₂ = [tex]\sqrt{F/2m}[/tex]

Now,

V₁/V₂ = [tex]\sqrt{F/m} / \sqrt{F/2m}[/tex]

or, V₁/V₂ =  [tex]\sqrt{2} /1[/tex]

or, V₁ = [tex]\sqrt{2}[/tex]V₂

Thus, speed of the thin string is [tex]\sqrt{2}[/tex] times greater than the speed of the thick string. So, it will comes first.

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The sound intensity level of a sound with an intensity of 3.6 is 63.8 dB.

Calculation:-

[tex]10 log(\frac{2.4 * 10^{-6} }{1*10^{-12} }) = 63.8dB.[/tex]

Power per unit area carried by the shaft. Sound intensity level A unitless quantity that indicates the sound level relative to a fixed reference. Sound pressure level ratio of pressure amplitude to reference pressure. which has a higher sound intensity than the sine wave.

Intensity refers to the speed at which a task is performed or the amount of effort required to perform an activity or exercise. A square wave consists of an infinite number of odd harmonics, while a sawtooth wave consists of odd and even harmonics. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the square wave has a higher sound intensity than the sawtooth wave.

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A 125 kilogram, 2.83 m in diameter, disk-shaped merry-go-round rotates freely at a rotational acceleration of 0.661 rev/s. A 55.4-kg guy moving quickly.

The area a circle occupies in a this double plane is known as the area of the circle. A = r2, (Pi r-squared), where r is the circle's radius, is a simple formula that may be used to calculate it. Area is measured in square units, including such m2, cm2, etc.

It is the circumference of a circle. A circumference can be defined as a line drawn around the circle's perimeter from any point to its center. Depending on whether you know the circle's diameter, circumference, or area, you can calculate the radius using one of three formulas.

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The force of the water on Dam #2 is 8 times than the force on Dam #1. Hence, option (c) is correct.

The definition of force in physics is: The push or pull on a massed object changes its velocity.

Let the height and wide of dam #1 is H and d respectively.

Then,   the height and wide of dam #2 is 2H and 2d respectively.

Average force acting on the dam #1 = 1/2( pressure at the surface of the lake +  pressure at the bottom of the lake) × area of the dam#1

= 1/2(0 + Hρg)×Hd

= H²ρgd/2

Average force acting on the dam #2 = 1/2( pressure at the surface of the lake +  pressure at the bottom of the lake) × area of the dam#2

= 1/2(0 + 2Hρg)×2H × 2d

=  8H²ρgd/2

Hence,  the force of the water on Dam #2 is 8 times than that on Dam #1.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably full question was:

Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. when the lake is filled, the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and twice as wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the dams.) A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16

None of the other answers is correct since the rule is never violated.(Option A).

Static and dynamic friction, When two systems are in contact with each other and at rest, the friction between them is called static friction. When two systems are in contact and moving relative to each other, the friction between them is called kinetic friction.The force required to induce motion (ie, overcome static friction) is greater than the force required to sustain motion (ie, overcome kinetic friction). Therefore, the sliding friction coefficient (μk) is smaller than the static friction coefficient (μs).

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The particle moves along an ellipse with its center at (1,5). As t changes from π/2 to 2π, the particle begins at the location (6,1) and travels clockwise three-fourths of the way around the ellipse to (5,7).

According to the Pythagorean identity, sin²θ+cos²θ=1. The equation of the ellipse when the horizontal axis (main axis) is parallel to the y-axis is given as [tex]\frac{(x-h)^2}{b^2}+\frac{(y-k)^2}{a^2}=1[/tex] where (h,k) is the ellipse center, a is the major axis length, and b is the minor axis length.

Given x = 1 + sin(t) and  y = 5 + 6 cos(t), π/2 ≤ t ≤ 2π. Then,

[tex]\begin{aligned}x& = 1 + \sin(t)\\\sin t&=x-1\end{aligned}[/tex]

and

[tex]\begin{aligned} y&= 5 + 6 \cos(t)\\\cos t&=\frac{y-5}{6}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Then, using Pythagorean identity,

[tex]\begin{aligned}\cos^2t+\sin^2t&=1\\\left(\frac{y-5}{6}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x-1}{1}\right)^2&=1\end{aligned}[/tex]

Comparing the above equation with the equation of an ellipse, we can tell, the center (h,k) is (1,5). Here, a is 6 and b is 1. So the radius of the vertical axis (major axis) is 6 and the radius of the horizontal axis (minor axis) is 1.

As t starts from π/2 to 2π, the particle starts at the point,

(5+1, 1) = (6,1)

And the particles move three-fourths of the ellipse in a clockwise direction to,

(5, 1+6) = (5,7)

Therefore, the blanks can be filled with (1,5), (6,1), and (5,7).

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Find the amount of labor necessary to move an object along the specified orientated curve given the force field F. y = 3x2 on the parabola from (0, 0) to F = (y, x) (4, 48).

A variable force's infinitesimal work can be defined in terms of the force's components and the displacement along the path,

(c) Next, determine the work that the force field F performed on the object to move it through the field by moving it along the vector d. W = F d is the formula for work.

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If the force exerted by block b on block a has a magnitude f, the magnitude of fa is is f, because according to the newtons thied law of motion, the every force there is equal and opposite reaction.

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of sturdy surfaces, fluid layers, and material factors sliding towards each specific. There are numerous styles of friction: Dry friction is a strain that opposes the relative lateral movement of two stable surfaces in touch.

Friction is a shape of contact pressure. It exists between the surfaces that are in touch. The frictional force relies upon on the character of the floor in contact. The rougher the ground, the extra the friction is involved. The frictional force is proportional to the urgent pressure, that is the burden of the body. it's miles impartial of the place of the touch.

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The system will undergo simple harmonic motion, so at time,

t₁ = π/2( [tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex])

Simple harmonic motion is described as the periodic motion of a point along a straight line with an acceleration that is always toward a fixed point on that line and a distance from that point that is proportional to that acceleration.

The equation of motion for the simple harmonic oscillation of spring mass system is,

a(t) = -k/m x(t)

here, a(t) = is the acceleration at any time

k = is the spring constant, and

m = mass

The equation for displacement is given as,

x(t) = A cos ([tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex])t

here,

x(t) = is the displacement at any time.

A = is the amplitude of oscillations,

The velocity is given by,

v(t) = dx(t)/dt

The general expression of velocity for a simple harmonic motion is,

v(t) = v(max) sin ([tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex])t

v(max) = is the maximum velocity.

The kinetic energy is given as,

K(t) = 1/2 m[v(t)]²

Now, use the equation of position:

or, x(t) = A cos ([tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex])t

or, 0 = A cos ([tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex]) t₁

or, t₁ = π/2( [tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex])

Thus, the position of particle at time t₁ is 0. The cosine function is zero first time at angle π/2. The time can be calculated by substituting the values in the position function.

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True statement about the early history of modern physics is option A: it had a very practical component.

The early history of physics could explain everything out of others, thus it had a practical component. The minds of almost all thinkers are left with the patterns of scientific reasoning and apotheosis in modern physics. From the time of the early renaissance to the nineteenth century, physics represented the ultimate expression of scientific investigation for almost all thinkers. The unchanging principles of all motion and life on earth are being derived from its static laws. By the nineteenth century, it seemed that most of science had already been "cleared up," and only a few remaining details remained.

This cosmology was overthrown by the idea of a universal morphing of kinds, which completely altered it. The very view of science held by most people was among the things that had to change in light of Darwin’s work.

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The wavelength and speed of a wave are known, these can be used to find the frequency of a wave using the equation f=vλ f = v λ.

Wavelength can always be determined by measuring the distance between any two corresponding points on adjacent waves. In longitudinal waves, wavelength measurements are made by measuring the distance from one compression to the next or from one rarefaction to the next.

Forms of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, light waves, and infrared waves create characteristic patterns as they travel through space. Each wave has a specific shape and length. The distance between peaks is called the wavelength.

Wavelength is the distance between two wave crests and the same for wave troughs. Frequency is the number of oscillations that pass through a particular point in one second, measured in cycles per second this article discusses the relationship between wavelength and frequency.

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The minimum streamflow immediately prior to the rising limb is used as the constant value.

Here the constant value is taken as 25cfs which is at 2nd hour just before the rise of hydrograph.

The direct runoff discharge starts from 2nd hour and ends at 36th hour.

from the trapezoidal formula, The runoff discharge = (0+72+173+295+419+510+559+495+397+266+167+110+7 2+47+27+19+12+(8/2)) * 2 * 3600 = 26236800 cubic feet. The area of the catchment = 2000 acres. = 2000* 43560 =87120000 ft^2

The depth of runoff (discharge / area) = 0.266 feet = 0.266* 12 inches 3.2 inches.

Stream flow or channel outflow is the flow of water in streams and other channels and is a major component of the hydrological cycle. This is one component of water movement from land to water, and another component is surface runoff. The water flowing through the channel comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillsides, groundwater flowing from the ground, and water drained from pipes. The flow rate of water flowing through a canal can be measured with a hydrometer or estimated using Manning's equation. A record of flow over time is called a hydrograph. Flooding occurs when the volume of water exceeds the capacity of the canal.

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The the wavelength of the light in the glass is  325.69 nm.

Calculation:-

∧ =  580 nm, t 17.3ns, thickness 0.810 m, 21.5ns, c = 3 x 10⁸m/s.

The new wavelength will be ∧glass = ∧ air x[tex]\frac{ velocity of light glass}{velocity of light in air}[/tex]

The light through the slab of glass 0.8 m takes more time (21.5-17.5) = 4 ns Without slab time taken by the laser light tair = 0.8/3 x 10⁸ = -267 ns

With the stab time taken by the laser light = tglass = 4+2.67-6.67ns

Speed of laser light in glass =0.8/6.67 x 10⁻⁹ = 1.1994 x 10⁸ m/s

Wavelength ∧ glass = 490x1.994 x  10⁸/3 x 10⁸ = 325.69 nm.

Wavelength is the distance between identical points in adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagating in space or along a wire. Wavelength can be defined as the distance between two consecutive peaks or valleys. Measured in the direction of the wave. Wavelength is the distance between two wave crests and the same for wave troughs.

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Frequency is measured in Hertz, which is defined as the quantity of cycles per second. The best choice is D. Frequency is measured in hertz, a SI unit (Hz). Hertz is hence the standard symbol for the frequency unit.

The frequency of an event is its repetitions per unit of time. As a contrast to spatial frequency, it is also sometimes referred to as temporal frequency, and as a contrast to angular frequency, it is sometimes referred to as ordinary frequency. The International System of Units' unit of frequency, the hertz, equals one occurrence (or cycle) per second. One hertz equals one second, and the hertz is a SI-derived unit whose expression in terms of SI base units is s.

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The total area of tires in contact with the ground is [tex]17.36 cm^2[/tex] when mass of bicycle rider is 62 kg and pressure of tires is [tex]3.5*10^5 pascal[/tex]

Pressure is the amount of force exerted on surface per unit area. It can also be defined as the force-to-area ratio (over which the force is acting).

Given,

Mass of the bicycle rider = 62.0 kg

pressure in tires = [tex]3.50*10^5\ N/m^2[/tex] (1 pascal = 1 [tex]N/m^2[/tex])

From definition of pressure,

[tex]P=\frac{F}{A}.....i[/tex]

Where, p=pressure ,F= force applied and A= area perpendicular to force

Force can be determined by formula,

[tex]F=mg....ii[/tex]

Where, m= mass and g= gravitational acceleration=9.8m/s^2

substituting eq.ii in eq.i,

[tex]P=\frac{mg}{A}\\\\A=\frac{mg}{P}\\\\A=\frac{62*9.8}{3.5*10^5}\\\\A=\frac{607.6}{3.5*10^5}\\\\A=0.001736m^2=17.36cm^2[/tex]

Thus, the area of tires in contact with the ground is [tex]17.36 cm^2[/tex]

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The final temperature in Kelvin was 295.52 K.

The difference between a kelvin (K), a division of the kelvin scale, and a degree on the Celsius scale is where zero is. The zero point on the Kelvin scale is at absolute zero, while the zero point on the Celsius scale is the freezing point of water. As a result, 0oK is equivalent to -273.15oC, while 0oC is equivalent to 273.15 kelvins.

The Standard International (SI) unit of thermodynamic temperature is the kelvin, which is also sometimes referred to as the degree Kelvin (symbol, o K). The formal definition of a kelvin is 1/273.16 (3.6609 x 10 -3) of the thermodynamic temperature of pure water's triple point (H 2 O).

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The value of mass m = 0.506kg

Initial frequency = 0.78Hz

additional mass =  730 g = 0.73kg

New frequency = 0.65 Hz

F = 1/2π [tex]\sqrt{x\\}k/m[/tex]

0.78 =  1/2π [tex]\sqrt{k/m}[/tex]

additional mass,

0.65 = 1/2π [tex]\sqrt{k/m+0.65}[/tex]

1.44 = k/m / k/m+0.73

1.44 = m+0.73 / m

1.44m -m = 0.73

1.44m = 0.73

mass m = 0.506kg

a measurement used in physics to express the inertia, a quality that all matter has in common. Effectively, it is the resistance a body of matter offers to a change in its speed or position as a result of the application of a force. The change caused by an applied force is proportional to the mass of the body. The kilograms is the measure of mass in the International System of Units (SI). Its definition is based on the Planck constant, which is set at 6.62607015 1034 joule second. The unit of energy known as a joule is one kilogramme times one square metre per second. The kilogramme is determined by precise measurements of Planck's constant, while the second and metre are already defined in terms of other physical constants.

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Actually, they are a long way away. On average, the distance to the Moon is 238,855 miles (384,400 km).

Using the formula v=2rT, where r is the distance between the earth and the moon and T is the period of time that the moon revolves around the earth, we can attempt to answer this question.

All that is left to do is use G = 6.6 x 10-8 and substitute pi = 3.14159, the Moon's period in seconds, T, and its distance from the Earth's center, R.

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Answer:

5°C is equal to 278 K.

Explanation:

0 degrees Celsius is equal to 273.15 Kelvins. The basic formula is °C + 273.15 = K. Kelvin to Celsius: Add 273.

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves composed by the perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

EM waves have both Electrical and magnetic features.

they travel in the velocity of light (3*10⁸ ms⁻¹)

Electromagnetic spectrum is obtained according to their wave length and the frequency. Due to wave length range it's categorized. Here is the decreasing  order of wave length and increasing order  of different wave types in electromagnetic spectrum

Examples,

When electromagnetic radiation interacts with single atoms and molecule, its behavior also depends on the amount of energy per quantum(photon)it carries wave number =1/wavelength in cm speed of light=wavelength x frequency energy = Planck's constant x frequency.

Therefore, electromagnetic spectrum depends on wavelength and frequency

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The reaction that converts a saturated carboxylic acid into an unsaturated one is the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme.

Any material that tastes sour when dissolved in water is an acid. It also alters the color of some indicators (such as reddening blue litmus paper), reacts with some metals (such as iron) to release hydrogen, combines with bases to create salts, and facilitates a number of chemical activities (acid catalysis).

Sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids, as well as organic chemicals, belong to the carboxylic acid, ammonium sulfate, and phenol groups, are examples of acids.

Acids are also inorganic entities known as alkaline solutions. These chemicals have one or more hydrogen atoms, which are discharged as positively charged ions in solution.

The full name of the enzyme is succinate dehydrogenase enzyme.

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Answer:

Below

Explanation:

The forces are equal..but opposite........the bug just doesn't handle it as well

When a ball is dropped, the gravitational force that the Earth's gravitational field produces when the object descends downhill is exerted.

In a simple scenario, the ball falls in accordance with the direction of force of gravity, which is always downward. Gravitational acceleration on Earth is 9.8 m/s2 (g=9.8 m/s2). In essence, this indicates that the ball's velocity will increase by 9.8 m/s for every second while it is falling.

You should follow the steps below to determine the net force in one dimension. List every force influencing the thing. by depicting the object's free body in a diagram. Diirection upward is favorable, while diirection downhill is adverse. The net response force downward is obtained by subtracting the positive and negative forces from each other.

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The ratio of L1 and L2 ,lengths of the sides of the rectangle when n = 2.24 is 2.0043

We use the centripetal acceleration definition,  

[tex]a = \frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]

The relationship between angular and linear velocity

[tex]v=w^2r[/tex]

we substitute [tex]a = w^2 r[/tex]

The rectangular body rotates at an angle of w.

We locate the points, but the diagram is missing. In this case, the axis of rotation is in a corner called O, one of the adjacent corners is called A, and the opposite corner is called B.

the distance[tex]OB = L_2[/tex]

the distance [tex]AB = L_1[/tex]

It is indicated that the accelerations in A and B are related, so we substitute the acceleration value.

   [tex]w^2 r_A = n r_B[/tex]

the distance from the each corner is  

 [tex]r_B = L_2\\\\ r_A =\sqrt{L_1^2+L_2^2}[/tex]

we substitute  

[tex]\sqrt{L_1^2 + L_2^2} = n L_2[/tex]

[tex]L_1^2 + L_2^2 = n^2 L_2^2[/tex]

[tex]L_1^2= (n^2-1) L_2^2\\\\\frac{L_1^2}{L_2^2}=(n^2-1)\\\\\frac{L_1}{L_2}=\sqrt{(n^2-1)}[/tex]

When n=2.24

[tex]\frac{L_1}{L_2}=\sqrt{(2.24^2-1)}\\\\\frac{L_1}{L_2}=2.0043[/tex]

Thus, the ratios of length is 2.0043.

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The greatest height that the water can depart through the two points using fluid mechanics expressions is as follows:

1) y = 0.20 m is the maximum height that the water can exit the hose at.

2) The water shoots out of the nozzle at a maximum height of 68.6 meters.

When the water exits the hose, the pressure is atmospheric, and it is the same when it reaches its greatest point. P1 = P2

12 v12 + g y1 = 12 v22 + g v2

At the highest point of  trajectory the velocity must be =zero.

 y₂- y₁ = [tex]v^{2} /2g[/tex]

Let's calculate

  Δy = 0.2 m.

Using Bernoulli's equation,  the speed of the water is the highest point=0.

 Δy = 68.6m

The law of energy conservation is the foundation of Bernoulli's principle, to the fullest extent possible. At various sites when liquid is flowing under a constant pressure differential, the whole energy of the liquid—including pressure energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy—is equalized.

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