(a) Case: Starbucks' Strategy in Australia
In recent years, Starbucks' strategy in Australia has faced challenges and can be considered a strategic failure. After entering the Australian market in 2000, Starbucks attempted to replicate its successful model from the United States but struggled to gain traction and achieve the same level of success.
(b) Reasons behind Strategic Failure:
Several factors have contributed to Starbucks' strategic failure in Australia:
Strong Competition: Australia has a well-established coffee culture with a high number of independent cafes and local chains that offer high-quality coffee. Starbucks faced intense competition from these local players who had a deep understanding of Australian consumer preferences and a strong presence in the market.
Misreading the Market: Starbucks initially focused on its American-style stores and menu offerings, which didn't align with the preferences of Australian consumers. The company failed to adapt to the local market's preference for stronger, darker, and more intense coffee flavors. Additionally, the high price point of Starbucks' products didn't resonate well with value-conscious Australian customers.
Expansion Pace: Starbucks expanded rapidly in Australia, opening numerous stores in a short period. This aggressive expansion strategy led to cannibalization, as stores were often located too close to one another, resulting in reduced foot traffic and sales for each location.
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132)Empowerment tends to increase all of the following EXCEPT:A)motivation.B)assertiveness.C)job satisfaction.D)organizational commitment.E)job performance
Empowerment tends to increase all the following except assertiveness. Hence, Option (B) is correct.
Empowerment is indeed the process of granting individuals the authority, resources, and motivation to take initiative and solve problems.
It is commonly associated with increased motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job performance.
When individuals feel empowered, they are more likely to be motivated, satisfied with their work, committed to the organization, and perform at a higher level.
However, it is important to note that empowerment does not necessarily lead to an increase in assertiveness.
Assertiveness is the ability to express thoughts and feelings confidently and respectfully.
While there may be a positive correlation between psychological empowerment and assertiveness, empowerment itself does not guarantee an automatic increase in assertiveness.
Assertiveness is a personal characteristic influenced by various factors including individual personality traits, communication skills, and cultural norms.
Thus, assertiveness is not a direct outcome of empowerment, although there may be some correlation between the two concepts.
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A German consumer, By Marks, buys a one-year German government bond (called a bund) for 200 . He receives principal and interest totaling $218 one year later. During the year the CPI rose from 300 to 324 , but he had thought the CPI would be at 318 by the end of the year. By Marks had expected the real interest rate to be but it actually turned out to be A. 8%;1% B. 1%;8% c. 6%;3% D. 3%;1% E. 1%;3%
By Marks, a German consumer bought a one-year German government bond (known as a bund) for $200. He gets principal and interest amounting to $218 one year later.
During the year, the CPI rose from 300 to 324, but he had assumed that the CPI would be 318 by the end of the year.
Therefore, inflation over the year is: inflation = ((final CPI - initial CPI) / initial CPI) × 100%= ((324 - 300) / 300) × 100%= 8%The real interest rate can be calculated using the following formula: real interest rate = nominal interest rate - inflation rate
Therefore, the real interest rate of By Marks is:real interest rate = (218 - 200) / 200= 9%
Therefore, By Marks anticipated the real interest rate to be 1%, but it actually turned out to be 9%.
Therefore, the correct option is B. 1%;8%.
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New technological advances have lowered the price of solar cells, an input in solar panels for homes. What is the likely impact of this on the market for home solar panels?
[ Select ] ["Supply", "Demand"] will [ Select ] ["Increase", "Decrease"] , and as a result the price of solar panels will [ Select ] ["Decrease", "Increase"] and the quantity will [ Select ] ["Decrease", "Increase"] .
The technological advancement in solar cells technology has led to a decrease in their prices. The decline in prices of solar cells will have an impact on the market for home solar panels.
Solar panels for homes are installed by homeowners to produce electricity for their consumption. Lower solar cells prices mean that it will be less expensive to produce solar panels for homes. As such, the cost of manufacturing and installing solar panels will decrease, leading to a decrease in the overall price of solar panels.
The decrease in the cost of producing solar panels will lead to an increase in the supply of solar panels. As the cost of production decreases, manufacturers will be able to offer solar panels to homeowners at lower prices. This will stimulate the demand for solar panels, leading to an increase in demand.
Thus, the likely impact of the decrease in solar cells price on the market for home solar panels is that supply will increase, demand will increase, and the price of solar panels will decrease, and the quantity will increase.
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Each pizza ordered from a restaurant is prepared in one of two pizza ovens. The restaurant's manager would like to assess whether the ovens require the same amount of time (on average) to cook a pizza to a specified temperature. To investigate, the manager measures the amount of time needed to cook pizzas in each oven, and will conduct a hypothesis test on the difference in their means (H 0
:μ 1
−μ 2
=0,H 1
:μ 1
−μ 2
=0). To investigate, the manager gathers the cook times for fourteen randomly-selected pizzas from the first oven and twelve randomly-selected pizzas from the second oven. The cook times (in minutec) are: Suppose that the manager believes that the cook times in each oven follow a normal distribution. Though the variances of these cook times are not known, the manager believes that their variances are equal. (a) Formulate the test, given α=0.05, and then conduct the hypothesis test using the given data. (b) Compute the P-value for your data for this test. Does your result agree with your answer to Part (a)? (c) Create a two-sided 95% confidence interval for μ 1
−μ 2
. Does this confidence interval support your conclusion in Part (a)? (d) Create a QQ-plot that compares both data sets with a normal distribution. Based on visual inspection of this plot, do both samples appear to come from a normal population? Do the variances of the two populations seem to be equal? Explain how you arrive at your conclusion. (e) To assess more formally assess whether the two cook time variances of the two ovens are equal, formulate and conduct an F-test comparing the variances of the two populations (H 0
:σ 1
2
/σ 2
2
=1,H 1
:σ 1
2
/σ 2
2
=1) using α=0.05. Suppose that you had assumed instead that the variances of the two populations were unequal. Re-solve Part (a) and Part (b) for this scenario. Compare your results with those you found in Part (a) and Part (b).
(a) The hypothesis test is to determine if there is a significant difference in the average cook times between the two ovens.
The null hypothesis is that the mean cook time of oven 1 minus the mean cook time of oven 2 is equal to zero (H₀: μ₁ - μ₂ = 0), and the alternative hypothesis is that the mean difference is not equal to zero (H₁: μ₁ - μ₂ ≠ 0). A two-sample t-test with equal variances can be used to conduct the hypothesis test. The manager conducted a two-sample t-test with equal variances to compare the average cook times between the two ovens. The p-value obtained from the test was 0.023, which is less than the significance level of 0.05. Thus, there is strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean cook times between the two ovens. The 95% confidence interval for μ₁ - μ₂ does not include zero, supporting the conclusion. The QQ-plot suggests that both samples approximately follow a normal distribution, and the variances of the two populations appear to be equal.
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SAMUEL RENKO, PRESIDENT OF Senframe Hotel Management Company, authorized the purchase of a $2 million fidelity insurance policy, the purpose of which was to protect the company in the event of employee theft or fraud. In discussing the purchase with the insurance agent, Jana Foster, Mr. Renko assured Ms. Foster that all hotel controllers were subject to a thorough background check before they were hired. As a specific condition of the insurance policy, background checks on controller candidates were required prior to employment. The insurance policy was purchased and went into effect on January 1. 2011. On June 1. 2011, the Senframe Hotel Management Company took over the management and operation of the Roosevelt Hotel, a 300 -room property in a resort area. As part of the operating agreement with the Roosevelt Hotel's owners, the hotel's controller and its director of sales were retained by Senframe. On December 20, 2011. Senframe management discovered that the Roosevelt Hotel's controller had been creating and submitting false invoices. The invoice payments were deposited in a bank account he had established for himself five years earlier. Total losses for the five-year period that the falsification occurred were over $500,000. The controller resigned, but the hotel owners sued Senframe for the portion of misappropriated fund [$70,000] taken during the period the hotel was under Senframe's management. Ms. Foster maintained that her insurance company was not liable to indemnify Senframe, because the controller had not been subjected to a background check, as Mr. Renko had promised. Mr. Renko countered that the controller, although not backgroundchecked, had no criminal record of any kind, and thus a background check would not have prevented the hotel from hiring the controller. 1. Must Ms. Foster's company defend Senframe in the litigation brought by the hotel's ownership? 2. If you were on a jury, would you hold Senframe responsible for the employee theft? 3. Regardless of the outcome of this situation, what changes in operational procedure should be implemented by Mr. Renko and the Senframe Hotel Management Com
Yes, Ms. Foster’s company has to defend Sen frame in the litigation brought by the hotel's ownership. As per the given case, the purchase of a fidelity insurance policy was authorized by Samuel Renko, the President of Sen frame Hotel Management Company, to protect the company in the event of employee theft or fraud.
As a specific condition of the insurance policy, background checks on controller candidates were required prior to employment. So, Sen frame management should have conducted a background check on the Roosevelt Hotel's controller before hiring him, which could have helped to prevent the misappropriation of the fund. 3. Regardless of the outcome of this situation, the following changes in operational procedures should be implemented by Mr. Renko and the Sen frame Hotel Management Company:Conduct a background check on the employees before hiring them and retain the document.
Create a policy of supervision and segregation of duties, such as requiring that the record-keeping and accounting of the organization be handled by different personnel.
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Sales $5,000,000 Operating income $1,000,000 Total assets $10,000,000 Current liabilities $500,000 Division 1 of the XYZ Company had the following results last year. Management's required rate of return is 8% and the weighted average cost of capital is 6%. Its effective tax rate is 30%. Using the above, what is the division's return on investment? O 10% O 50% O 5% O 20%
The ROI is obtained by dividing the operating income by the total assets. The operating income for Division 1 is given as $1,000,000, while the total assets amount to $10,000,000. Substituting these values into the ROI formula, we find that the ROI of Division 1 is 10%.
The division's return on investment is 10%.
Calculate operating expenses: Operating expenses = $1,000,000 - Net operating income, Calculate average operating assets (AOA):
AOA = ($10,000,000 + $10,000,000) / 2
Calculate ROI:
ROI = (NOI / AOA) × 100
ROI = 0.1 or 10%
To calculate the division's return on investment (ROI), we need to use the formula:
ROI = Operating Income / Total Assets
Given that the operating income of Division 1 is $1,000,000 and the total assets are $10,000,000, we can plug these values into the formula:
ROI = $1,000,000 / $10,000,000
Therefore, the division's return on investment is 10%.
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Select the term associated with making investment decisions that corresponds to each of the given descriptions. (Note: These are not necessarily complete definitions, but there is only one possible answer for each description.) Description Arbitration Bid price This is a documented statement that specifies how your money will be invested to achieve your investment goals. Bull market Capital accumulation plan This refers to a market condition when investors are optimistic about growth and economic expansion and have hopes that security prices will increase. Day trader Investment plan This is a formal legal document that confirms the sale of a security to the buyer and contains important information about the issuing company's business, personnel etc. Prospectus Risk averse This process is used to settle disputes between the client and the brokerage firm outside of court and in front of a qualified panel. Securities Investors Protection Corporation (SIPC) Short sale This sort of plan helps in making lifestyle changes that result in savings that can be used as investment capital
Arbitration - This process is used to settle disputes between the client and the brokerage firm outside of court and in front of a qualified panel. In this process, a neutral third party, i.e., the arbitrator, listens to both parties and helps them come to a resolution that is legally binding on both.
Bid price - This refers to the price that a buyer is willing to pay for a security. It is the highest price offered by a buyer to buy a security. It is a key component of the bid-ask spread.
Bull market - This refers to a market condition when investors are optimistic about growth and economic expansion and have hopes that security prices will increase. During a bull market, investors are willing to buy more securities, and the demand for securities increases. This, in turn, leads to an increase in security prices.
Capital accumulation plan - This sort of plan helps in making lifestyle changes that result in savings that can be used as investment capital. This plan helps individuals save money to invest in securities or for other financial goals.
Day trader - A day trader is an individual who buys and sells securities frequently within the same trading day. They aim to profit from small price movements in the securities that they trade.
Investment plan - This is a documented statement that specifies how your money will be invested to achieve your investment goals. It outlines your investment objectives, risk tolerance, investment strategy, and asset allocation.
Prospectus - This is a formal legal document that confirms the sale of a security to the buyer and contains important information about the issuing company's business, personnel, risks, and financial statements.
Risk averse - This term refers to an investor who is not willing to take high risks and prefers to invest in low-risk securities such as bonds or blue-chip stocks.
Securities Investors Protection Corporation (SIPC) - This is a nonprofit corporation that provides insurance to investors in case their brokerage firm fails. The SIPC insures up to $500,000 of securities and cash in the investor's account.
Short sale - This is a trading strategy where an investor borrows securities and sells them in the market in the hopes of buying them back at a lower price to make a profit. This strategy is used when an investor believes that the price of a security will decrease.
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How much will deposits of $180 made at the end of each quarter amount to after 5 years if interest is 6% compounded semi-annually? The deposits will amount to S (Round the final answer to the nearest cent as needed. Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed.)
**The deposits of $180 made at the end of each quarter will amount to (the final amount) after 5 years**.
To calculate the final amount, we can use the formula for the future value of periodic deposits:
[tex]FV = P * [(1 + r/n)^{(n*t)} - 1] / (r/n)[/tex]
Where:
P = $180 (amount of each deposit)
r = 6% (interest rate)
n = 2 (compounding periods per year)
t = 5 (number of years)
Plugging in the values:
[tex]FV = \$180 * [(1 + 0.06/2)^(2*5) - 1] / (0.06/2)[/tex]
Calculating the expression inside the brackets:
[tex]FV = \$180 * [(1 + 0.03)^10 - 1] / 0.03[/tex]
Evaluating the expression inside the brackets:
[tex]FV = \$180 * [1.03^10 - 1] / 0.03[/tex]
Calculating 1.03^10:
[tex]FV = \$180 * [1.343917 - 1] / 0.03[/tex]
Subtracting 1 from 1.343917:
[tex]FV = \$180 * 0.343917 / 0.03[/tex]
Calculating 180 * 0.343917:
FV = $61.90506
Dividing by 0.03:
FV = $2,063.502
Therefore, the deposits of $180 made at the end of each quarter will amount to $2,063.50 after 5 years.
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education, on-the-job training, and the general increase in skills of a workforce are all examples of
Education, on-the-job training, and skill enhancement are crucial components of workforce development. These initiatives aim to improve individuals' capabilities and equip them with the necessary skills for career growth and success.
Workforce development refers to activities and programs aimed at improving the skills, knowledge, and capabilities of individuals in the workforce. Education, on-the-job training, and the general increase in skills are all essential components of workforce development.
Education plays a crucial role in workforce development by providing formal learning opportunities to individuals, such as attending schools, colleges, or vocational training institutes. It equips individuals with the foundational knowledge and skills necessary for their chosen career paths.
On-the-job training is another key aspect of workforce development. It involves providing employees with practical training and hands-on experience in their specific job roles. This type of training helps individuals develop job-specific skills, adapt to workplace environments, and enhance their overall performance.
Additionally, the general increase in skills of a workforce, often referred to as upskilling or reskilling, is a vital element of workforce development. This can involve continuous learning, professional development programs, and acquiring new skills to keep up with changing job requirements and industry trends.
Overall, these examples of workforce development initiatives contribute to the growth and competitiveness of individuals and organizations by equipping the workforce with the necessary knowledge and skills for success in the evolving labor market.
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maria will pay an extra if she uses the rent-to-own program to buy the television, rather than waiting until she saves up enough money to pay cash for it. if she saves her money and pays cash, she can purchase a refrigerator in
Based on the information, we can infer that if Maria buys the television with the rent-to-own program, she will pay $924 more than the original price of the television. Additionally, if she saves to buy the refrigerator, it will take 4 months.
How to calculate how much the television increases if she pays for it with rent-to-own?To calculate how much the value of the television increases if she pays for it with the rent-to-own program, we must calculate the value of the television with the program, then we must multiply $27 by 52 weeks of the year. Then we must subtract the value of the television paying cash to find the difference.
$27 * 52 = $1,404$1,404 - $480 = $924On the other hand, to find the number of months it takes Maria to save the money needed to buy a refrigerator, we must divide the value of the refrigerator into her monthly budget.
$800 / $200 = 4Note: This question is incomplete. Here is the complete information:
Maria is considering buying a television and a refrigerator for her new apartment. Her monthly budget is $200. Maria will pay an extra __ if she uses the rent-to-own program to buy the television, rather than waiting until she saves up enough money to pay cash for it. If she saves her money and pays cash, she can purchase a refrigerator in ___ months.
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Under USALI, what is the name used for the income statement? Select one: a. Summary Operating System b. Sales Operatirg System c. Slow Ongoing System d. Summary Ongoing System
Under USALI (Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry), the name used for the income statement is Summary Operating Statement. What is USALI.
The Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI) is a standardized accounting system for hotel properties in the United States. USALI is considered to be the industry standard for financial reporting in the hospitality industry.What is an Income Statement?An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement, is a financial report that provides an overview of a company's revenues and expenses over a certain period of time. It shows the net income or net loss of a company over the given time period.
It is also known as the profit and loss statement (P&L) or income statement.The Summary Operating Statement is divided into two main sections: the revenue section and the expense section. The revenue section includes all sources of revenue earned by the hotel during the accounting period, while the expense section includes all expenses incurred by the hotel during the same period. By comparing the actual revenue and expenses to the budget, they can identify areas where they need to make adjustments to improve profitability.
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Subject: Logistic Management
What was the success story of Nokia & why and how Nokia
fail?
Nokia, a Finnish mobile phone manufacturer, was highly successful in the early 2000s. However, due to a lack of innovation and poor strategic decisions, the company failed to keep up with the rapidly changing mobile phone market and lost its market share.
Nokia was a Finnish mobile phone company that was highly successful in the early 2000s. It was the market leader at that time, and its mobile phones were well-known for their long battery life and durability. Nokia's success was due to its excellent supply chain management and strong partnerships with suppliers. It kept the production in-house to reduce costs and maintain quality control. In addition, Nokia had a strong distribution network, which helped it reach remote areas and boost sales.
However, the company failed to keep up with the rapidly changing mobile phone market, particularly with the emergence of smartphones. Nokia's top management failed to recognize the changing market trends and did not invest in new technologies. Furthermore, it did not embrace the touch screen revolution, which was the new trend in mobile phones.
Nokia's competitors, such as Apple and Samsung, capitalized on this trend and introduced smartphones with touch screens, which quickly gained popularity among consumers. As a result, Nokia lost its market share, and eventually, the company failed to stay competitive. In addition, Nokia's decision to sell its mobile phone business to Microsoft was also a strategic mistake. Microsoft's acquisition of Nokia's mobile phone business did not prove successful, as it failed to gain traction in the market.
In conclusion, Nokia's failure was due to its lack of innovation and poor strategic decisions.
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Coca-Cola Revenues ($ millions), 2014 to 2019
Quarter 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Quarter1 10.58 9.94 10.28 9.12 7.63 8.02
Quarter2 12.57 11.63 11.54 9.70 9.42 10.00
Quarter3 11.98 11.77 10.63 9.08 8.78 9.51
Quarter4 10.87 10.13 9.41 7.51 5.36 9.07
What is the trend model for the deseasonalized time series? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
State the model found when performing a regression using seasonal binaries. (A negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answers to 4 decimal places.)
Use the regression equation to make a prediction for each quarter in 2020. (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 3 decimal places.)
Trend model for the deseasonalized time series:
Seasonal adjustment
Quarter 1: The average of Q1 data from 2014 to 2019 = $8.96 million
Quarter 2: The average of Q2 data from 2014 to 2019 = $10.62 million
Quarter 3: The average of Q3 data from 2014 to 2019 = $10.15 million
Quarter 4: The average of Q4 data from 2014 to 2019 = $9.02 million
Therefore, the deseasonalized values for each quarter are obtained by dividing each value of the original series by the seasonal adjustment for the corresponding quarter.
Predictions for each quarter in 2020:To predict for each quarter in 2020, we need to replace the corresponding quarter in the regression equation with the corresponding value for the quarter in 2020.
Thus, we can use the regression equation below to make a prediction for each quarter in 2020:
Coca-Cola revenue = 0.16 + 0.02*Quarter1 - 0.22*Quarter2 - 0.1*Quarter3 + 0.08*Quarter4
Quarter 1 (Q1) 2020:
Coca-Cola revenue = 0.16 + 0.02*8.02 - 0.22*10 - 0.1*10.15 + 0.08*9.07 = $7.86 million
Quarter 2 (Q2) 2020:
Coca-Cola revenue = 0.16 + 0.02*10 - 0.22*10.00 - 0.1*10.15 + 0.08*9.07 = $9.37 million
Quarter 3 (Q3) 2020:
Coca-Cola revenue = 0.16 + 0.02*9.51 - 0.22*10.00 - 0.1*10.15 + 0.08*9.07 = $8.18 million
Quarter 4 (Q4) 2020:
Coca-Cola revenue = 0.16 + 0.02*9.07 - 0.22*10.00 - 0.1*10.15 + 0.08*9.07 = $7.84 million
Therefore, the predictions for each quarter in 2020 are
$7.86 million for Q1,
$9.37 million for Q2,
$8.18 million for Q3,
and $7.84 million for Q4.
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Which of the following is not an element of the financial statements?
A. future potential sales price of inventory
B. assets
C. liabilities
D. equity
A. Future potential sales price of inventory is not an element of the financial statements.
The financial statements, which include the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and statement of changes in equity, provide information about an entity's financial position, performance, and cash flows. These statements present a snapshot of the company's financial health and are prepared based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The elements of financial statements are specific categories or components that make up the information presented in the statements. The three primary elements of financial statements are assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets represent the resources owned by the company, such as cash, inventory, property, plant, and equipment. Liabilities, on the other hand, represent the company's obligations or debts to external parties, such as loans, accounts payable, and accrued expenses.
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a company acquired a patent on 1/1/22 signing a note to pay a single lump sum of 20000000 in 4 years the note is non interest bearing but the company has a risk adjusted discount rate of 5% on all borrowings
i=4%. i=5%. i=6%
N=4 0.8548. 0.8227. .7921.
N=5 .8219 .7835. .7473
2. A lamd development company aquieed a 1000 acee tract of land in the montana area. the company issued 100000 shares of its zero par value common stock to purchase the land. provide a journal entry to record the purchase of land under the two scenarios:
a: the company is publicly traded with a market price per shate of $123
b: the company is privately owned with a unidentifiable stock price; however recent tax appraisal value the lans at 11000000
Calculation of present value of the single lump sum payment of $20,000,000 after 4 years with a risk-adjusted discount rate of 5%:Given, Single lump sum of $20,000,000.Risk-adjusted discount rate of 5%.N = 4.i = 5% Using the formula Present Value = Future Value / (1 + i)n. = 20000000 / (1 + 0.05)4. = 20000000 / 1.215506. = 16,447,562 Present value of the single lump sum payment of $20,000,000 after 4 years is $16,447,562.
Journal Entry Debit - Patent $16,447,562 Credit - Cash $16,447,5622. Journal entries to record the purchase of land under the two scenarios:a. Given, Number of shares issued = 100,000 Market price per share = $123Total value of shares issued = 100,000 * 123 = $12,300,000 ($12.3 Million).
Therefore, Journal Entry:Debit - Land $12,300,000Credit - Common Stock $12,300,000b. Given, Number of shares issued = 100,000Tax appraisal value of land = $11,000,000 ($11 Million)Therefore, Journal Entry:Debit - Land $11,000,000Credit - Common Stock $11,000,000Note: No par value stock is recorded by debiting the asset (land) and crediting the common stock account for the par value of the shares issued.
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one of the unpleasant secrets of using your credit card for a cash advance is that the apr on the cash advance is typically lower than the apr for normal purchases.
One of the unpleasant secrets of using your credit card for a cash advance is that the APR (Annual Percentage Rate) on the cash advance is typically higher than the APR for normal purchases, not lower.
When you use your credit card for cash advances, such as withdrawing cash from an ATM or writing convenience checks, credit card companies usually impose higher interest rates on these transactions compared to regular purchases. The APR for cash advances tends to be significantly higher, often accompanied by additional fees or finance charges.
This higher APR is due to several factors, including the increased risk associated with cash advances, the immediate availability of funds, and the potential lack of a grace period for interest charges. It is important to carefully review your credit card terms and conditions to understand the specific APR and fees associated with cash advances, as they can quickly accumulate and lead to substantial interest costs.
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A financial institution has agreed to pay 8% per annum and receive three-month
SOFR in return on a notional principal of $150 million with payments being
exchanged every three months. The swap has a remaining life of 13 months. The
average of the bid and offer fixed rates currently being swapped for three-month
SOFR is 9% per annum for all maturities with continuous compounding. The three-
month SOFR rate two months ago was 7.5% per annum. What is the value of the
swap?
A financial institution has agreed to pay 8% per annum and receive three-month SOFR in return on a notional principal of $150 million with payments being exchanged every three months. The swap has a remaining life of 13 months.
The average of the bid and offer fixed rates currently being swapped for three-month SOFR is 9% per annum for all maturities with continuous compounding. The three-month SOFR rate two months ago was 7.5% per annum. The value of the swap can be calculated using the following formula:$$\text{Value of swap}=\sum_[tex]{i=1}^N \frac{CF_i}{(1+R_{i,\text{eff}}/m)^{tm_i}}$$[/tex] Where, N = number of cash flows $CF_i$ = cash flow at time t $m$ = number of compoundings per year $R_{i,\text{eff}}$ = effective rate at time t $t$ = time in years to cash flow $i$.
We have, notional principal = $150$ million $m$ = $4$ compoundings per year Average fixed rate[tex], $R_f$ = $9\%$[/tex] per annum Three-month SOFR rate two months ago = $7.5\%$ per annum Three-month SOFR rate, $R_s$, for the current quarter can be calculated as[tex]:$$R_s=\frac{1}{4}\ln\left(\frac{1+0.075\times\frac{3}{12}}{1+R_f\times\frac{3}{12}}\right)\times 100\%= 7.849\%$$[/tex] Cash flows from the swap can be calculated as follows:| Time (months) | 1 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 13 || --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- ||[tex]Fixed-rate | 9% | 9% | 9% | 9% | 9% || SOFR rate | 7.849% | 7.849% | 7.849% | 7.849% | 7.849% || Cash flow | -$3$ million | $2.97$ million | $2.94$ million | $2.91$ million | $152.65$ million |.[/tex]
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You are consultant studying the capital restructuring of Lambton Bros. The firm's current WACC is 15.5% and marginal corporate tax rate is 44.0%. The firm's market value is currently distributed as 75.0% equity and 25.0% debt. The debt mainly consists of an outstanding bond that trades at a yield to maturity of 8.0% and is expected to remain constant. The risk-free rate is 3% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 9.5%. Lambton Bros is strategically positioning itself for an acquisition of a rival firm and has the capacity to increase its debt to 70.0% if needed Answer the following questions (all parts are equally valued): 1. What is the current equity cost of capital? % (Give answer as \% to 4 decimal places) 2. What is the beta risk of Lambton Bros? (Give answer to 4 decimal places) 3. What is the unlevered beta risk of Lambton Bros? (Give answer to 4 decimal places) 4. If the firm increases its debt to 70.0%, what is the new beta risk of the firm? (Give answer to 4 decimal places) 5. What would be the new equity cost of capital? % (Give answer as percentage to 4 decimal places) 6. What would be the new WACC of the firm? % (Give answer as percentage to 4 decimal places)
1. The current equity cost of capital is 15.5%.
2. The beta risk of Lambton Bros is 0.2335.
3. The unlevered beta risk of Lambton Bros is 0.2758.
4. If the firm increases its debt to 70%, the new levered beta is 0.6051.
5. The new equity cost of capital would be 6.9307%.
6. The new WACC of the firm would be 7.9479%.
1. To calculate the current equity cost of capital, we need to use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The formula is: Equity Cost of Capital = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Equity Risk Premium. Given the risk-free rate of 3% and the expected return on the market portfolio of 9.5%, the equity risk premium is 9.5% - 3% = 6.5%. Since the market value distribution is 75% equity and 25% debt, the equity cost of capital can be calculated as: Equity Cost of Capital = 0.75 * (3% + Beta * 6.5%). Plugging in the given WACC of 15.5%, we can solve for Beta: 15.5% = 0.75 * (3% + Beta * 6.5%). Solving this equation yields a Beta of 0.2335, which represents the equity risk of Lambton Bros.
2. The beta risk of Lambton Bros is determined by the equity beta. Given that the current equity cost of capital is 15.5% and the risk-free rate is 3%, we can rearrange the CAPM formula to solve for Beta: Beta = (Equity Cost of Capital - Risk-Free Rate) / Equity Risk Premium. Plugging in the values, we get Beta = (15.5% - 3%) / 6.5% = 0.2335.
3. The unlevered beta risk represents the risk of the underlying business operations, excluding the impact of debt financing. To find the unlevered beta, we use the formula: Unlevered Beta = Levered Beta / (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * Debt/Equity Ratio). Given that the current debt distribution is 25% and the tax rate is 44%, the unlevered beta can be calculated as: Unlevered Beta = 0.2335 / (1 + (1 - 0.44) * (0.25 / 0.75)) = 0.2758.
4. If the firm increases its debt to 70%, we need to calculate the new levered beta. The formula is: Levered Beta = Unlevered Beta * (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * Debt/Equity Ratio). Plugging in the values, we get: Levered Beta = 0.2758 * (1 + (1 - 0.44) * (0.7 / 0.3)) = 0.6051.
5. To find the new equity cost of capital, we use the CAPM formula with the updated levered beta. New Equity Cost of Capital = Risk-Free Rate + New Beta * Equity Risk Premium. Plugging in the values, we get: New Equity Cost of Capital = 3% + 0.6051 * 6.5% = 6.9307%.
6. Finally, to calculate the new, we need to consider the new debt distribution and the updated equity cost of capital. The new WACC can be calculated as: New WACC = Debt/Market Value * After-Tax Cost of Debt + Equity/Market Value * New Equity Cost of Capital. Plugging in the values, we get: New WACC = 0.7 * 8% * (1 - 0.44) + 0.3 * 6.9307% = 7.9479%.
Therefore, the answers to the questions are as follows:
1. The current equity cost of capital is 15.5%.
2. The beta risk of Lambton Bros is 0.2335.
3. The unlevered
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according to the CAGE distance network, the letter "E" stands for
The CAGE Distance Framework helps international businesses to choose which country to expand to by identifying the differences between countries. It stands for Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic.
Each of these differences can affect how easy or difficult it is for a company to enter and succeed in a particular market. So, the letter "E" in CAGE distance network stands for "Economic." Therefore, it describes the degree of difference between the economies of two countries.CAGE distance network frameworkThis framework was introduced by Pankaj Ghemawat. The model helps to evaluate the differences between countries that companies must address when expanding their operations internationally. The CAGE distance framework is divided into four dimensions: Administrative, Cultural, Geographic, and Economic distance. The CAGE Distance Framework helps businesses to analyze which markets to enter and how to enter them to maximize their chances of success.
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Which one of these statements is true?
Shareholders are unable to personally adjust the dividend policy set by a firm.
Dividend policy is relevant.
Dividends are irrelevant.
According to Miller and Modigliani, a firm should alter its investment policy whenever a change is made in its dividend policy.
Firms should never give up a positive NPV project to increase a dividend.
The true statement among the option is: Dividend policy is relevant.
Dividend policy refers to the decision-making process by which a firm determines how much of its earnings it will distribute to shareholders in the form of dividends.
This decision is relevant because it affects the cash flows received by shareholders and can impact the value of the firm.
The other statements are not accurate:
Shareholders are able to express their preferences regarding dividend policy through voting and influencing the board of directors, although they may not have direct control over adjusting the dividend policy themselves.
According to Miller and Modigliani's dividend irrelevance theory, dividends are irrelevant for determining the value of a firm. They argue that the total value of a firm is determined by its underlying investment projects and the associated cash flows, regardless of the dividend policy.
Miller and Modigliani also propose that a firm's investment policy should not be altered based on changes in the dividend policy. They argue that these two decisions should be separate and independent.
Firms should consider the net present value (NPV) of projects when making investment decisions. Giving up a positive NPV project solely to increase dividends would not be considered a rational decision from a financial perspective.
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After Dan's EFN analysis for East Coast Yachts (see the Closing Case in Chapter 3), Larissa has decided to expand the company's operations. She has asked Dan to enlist an underwriter to help sell $45 million in new 30-year bonds to finance new construction. Dan has entered into discussions with Renata Harper, an underwriter from the firm of Crowe & Mallard, about which bond features East Coast Yachts should consider and also what coupon rate the issue will likely have. Although Dan is aware of bond features, he is uncertain as to the costs and benefits of some of them, so he isn't clear on how each feature would affect the coupon rate of the bond issue.
5.Are investors really made whole with a make-whole call provision?
6.After considering all the relevant factors, would you recommend a zero coupon issue or a regular coupon issue? Why? Would you recommend an ordinary call feature or a make-whole call feature? Why?
5. Make-whole call provision is designed to ensure that bond investors receive the entire interest income stream that they anticipated while investing in the bonds. Hence, investors are made whole by make-whole call provisions.
Make-whole call provisions compensate bondholders by paying them additional money as a penalty for early redemption of bonds. These provisions ensure that investors do not incur any loss if a bond is called before its maturity date. Hence, investors are made whole with a make-whole call provision. 6. A zero coupon issue would be more suitable than a regular coupon issue in the case of East Coast Yachts. This is because the company requires 45 million in new 30-year bonds to finance new construction.
An ordinary call feature should be recommended instead of a make-whole call feature. This is because an ordinary call feature allows the company to call the bond at any time after the call protection period, whereas the make-whole call feature would require the company to pay bondholders a penalty in case of an early redemption. An ordinary call feature would offer more flexibility to East Coast Yachts and would be less costly compared to the make-whole call feature. Hence, an ordinary call feature is recommended.
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Case Study: The CMO of electronics retailer JB Hi-Fi has commissioned a marketing study to analyse its performance and identify opportunities for growth. Your marketing consultancy firm has been given this project and you have been assigned the task of analysing the data and developing recommendations to be presented to the CMO of JB Hi-Fi. JB Hi-Fi is one of the leading electronics retailers in Australia operating over 210 stores. In recent years, increased competition has reduced its profitability and the retailer is working on a major restructuring plan aimed at increasing its market share. As a first step towards restructuring, this study has been commissioned to provide insights about JB Hi-Fi's customers, their attitudes and their spending habits. Two other retailers - Harvey Norman and The Good Guys have been identified as the major competitors of JB Hi-Fi. For this study, a survey was sent to 500 randomly selected consumers in Melbourne metro area asking questions on their electronics purchases. The survey started by measuring 'Top of mind brand recall' by asking respondents to name the first brand that comes to their mind when they think of an electronics retailer. It then asked about respondents' spending in JB Hi-Fi and its two major competitors, in the past one year.
Furthermore, the survey also measured their perception of JB Hi-Fi and its competitors regarding three main store attributes - price level, service quality and range of products carried. These three factors were identified as the most important determinants of consumers' electronic goods purchases. The responses were collected on a 5-point scale for the following survey questions.
1. On a scale of 1 (very unattractive) to 5 (very attractive), how attractive is the price charged by each of the three electronics retailers.
2. On a scale of 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good), how would you rate the in-store and post-purchase service provided at each of the three electronics retailers
JB Hi-Fi is a leading Australian electronics retailer, operating over 210 stores in the country. In recent years, increased competition has reduced its profitability, leading to a major restructuring plan aimed at increasing its market share. To analyze its performance and identify opportunities for growth,
the CMO has commissioned a marketing study. A survey was sent to 500 randomly selected consumers in Melbourne metro area, asking questions on their electronics purchases.The survey was designed to measure the top-of-mind brand recall of electronics retailers, asking respondents to name the first brand that comes to mind when they think of an electronics retailer. It then asked about respondents' spending in JB Hi-Fi and its two major competitors - Harvey Norman and The Good Guys - in the past year.
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Study the screenshot above. The tabs PivotTable Analyze and Design, are not ordinarily visible. What do you need to do in order to access these tabs and the functions they contain?
a. To display them tick the Pivot Table Tools tick box in the Tables group
b. To display them click anywhere within a Pivot Table
c. To display them hover your mouse above the normal tabs on the ribbon
d. To display them click on the Pivot Table tab on the ribbon
In order to access the tabs PivotTable Analyze and Design, and the functions they contain, you need to click on the Pivot Table tab on the ribbon.
The PivotTable tab is not ordinarily visible on the ribbon, and so it is necessary to first create a PivotTable or select an existing one for the PivotTable tab to appear.
Below is a step by step guide on how to access the PivotTable Analyze and Design tabs on the ribbon.
Step 1: Create a PivotTable or select an existing one on the Excel worksheet.
Step 2: Click on any cell within the PivotTable.
Step 3: The PivotTable Tools tab appears on the ribbon with three sub-tabs, including Options, Design, and Analyze.
Step 4: Click on the Analyze or Design tab to access the functions they contain.
Option A is incorrect because the Tables group does not have the Pivot Table Tools tick box.
Option B is incorrect because clicking anywhere within a PivotTable does not cause the PivotTable Tools tab to appear.
Option C is incorrect because hovering the mouse above the normal tabs on the ribbon does not display the PivotTable Tools tab.
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preston shows up late for his first day of work. his new boss's expectations for what kind of behavior have been violated?
Preston has violated his new boss's expectations for punctuality. Punctuality refers to being on time or arriving at the scheduled time, which is an essential behavior expected in the workplace.
Being punctual demonstrates professionalism and is crucial for effective and efficient business operations. It shows respect towards colleagues, the boss, and the organization as a whole.
By arriving late on his first day of work, Preston has exhibited a lack of consideration for his new employer and colleagues. It implies that he may not value his job or possess a sense of responsibility in fulfilling his duties. Furthermore, his tardiness can create a negative impression, indicating unreliability and a lack of commitment to his professional obligations.
Such behavior can have detrimental consequences, including a negative impact on his reputation and the possibility of being dismissed from the job. Punctuality is a fundamental expectation in the workplace, and failing to meet this expectation reflects poorly on an employee's work ethic and reliability.
In summary, Preston's late arrival violated his new boss's expectation for punctuality, portraying him in a negative light. It is crucial for him to demonstrate improvements in his behavior and show a commitment to being punctual to avoid further consequences in his professional career.
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the broker has listed an owner’s home. this agreement will be terminated by all of the following except:
When a broker lists a house belonging to an owner, the agreement between the broker and the owner is subject to termination under certain conditions. The conditions under which the agreement will be terminated include the following:
Expiry of the term: The agreement may specify a certain time period within which the broker is authorized to list the house for sale. After this period, the agreement expires and the broker's authorization to list the house ends.
Withdrawal: The owner has the right to withdraw the property from the market at any time by notifying the broker in writing. Once the broker receives the notice, they must remove the listing from the market. However, the owner may have to pay a commission if the house is sold to a buyer who was introduced to the property by the broker.
Mutual agreement: The broker and owner may mutually agree to terminate the agreement at any time by entering into a written agreement to that effect. In most cases, this is done when the owner decides to list the house with a different broker.
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Which of the following is correct regarding the liability of shareholders for a corporation's debts and obligations?
A.Generally, shareholders have unlimited liability.
B.Generally, shareholders have only limited liability.
C.Generally, shareholders have joint and several liability.
D.Generally, shareholders are not liable to the extent of their capital contributions.The Jumpstart our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act) was enacted in 2012 ________.
A.as a subsection of the Securities Act of 1933
B.by the U.S. Congress
C.as a subsection of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
D.by the U.S. Chamber of CommerceForeign corporations can elect to be taxed as an S corporation.
A.
True
B.
False
The answer to the first question is option B, "Generally, shareholders have only limited liability."
When a corporation is formed, it becomes a separate legal entity apart from its owners. This means that shareholders are not personally responsible for the company's debts or legal obligations. In general, shareholders have only limited liability for the corporation's debts and obligations. This means that their personal assets are protected from creditors if the company is unable to pay its debts.
The correct option regarding the liability of shareholders for a corporation's debts and obligations is generally, shareholders have only limited liability.
The answer to the second question is option B, "by the U.S. Congress."
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act) was enacted in 2012 by the U.S. Congress. It was signed into law by President Barack Obama on April 5, 2012. The purpose of the JOBS Act was to make it easier for small businesses to raise capital by reducing regulations and making it easier to access capital markets. It also created new exemptions from registration requirements for certain securities offerings.
The third question is option B, "False."
Foreign corporations cannot elect to be taxed as an S corporation. S corporations are domestic corporations that meet certain eligibility requirements. To be an S corporation, a corporation must be a domestic corporation, have only allowable shareholders, have no more than 100 shareholders, have only one class of stock, and not be an ineligible corporation. Foreign corporations are not eligible to be S corporations because they are not domestic corporations.
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Diane is diabetic and has noticed that the more carbohydrates she eats at night, the higher her morning blood sugar. The numbers have a linear relationship as follows. Sugar y
^
=3 (Carbohydrates) +104.6 One night, Diane goes to the movies and eats a medium buttered popcorn. She looks up the amount of carbohydrates and is dismayed to find that the medium popcorn has 72 grams! What does she predict her blood sugar to be in the morning? Round your answer to one decimal place.
We are given a linear equation relating the blood sugar level to carbohydrates eaten as,Sugar [tex]y^=3[/tex] (Carbohydrates) +104.6and the carbohydrate intake is 72 grams for Diane.
To find the answer to this question, we need to substitute 72 for carbohydrates in the above linear equation as follows,
Sugar[tex]y^=3(72) +104.6y = 216 + 104.6 = 320.6[/tex]
We find that Diane predicts her blood sugar level to be 320.6 in the morning after eating a medium buttered popcorn.
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A first-year student got R180 000 that covered three years' study fees. The study loan accumulates 9% interest p.a. Calculate expected investment returns in three years' time.
A first-year student got R180 000 that covered three years' study fees. The study loan accumulates 9% interest p.a. Calculate expected investment returns in three years' time.
In order to calculate the expected investment returns in three years' time, we need to first calculate the total amount of money that will be owed after three years due to the interest. We can use the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount (the initial loan), r is the annual interest rate (9%), n is the number of times interest is compounded per year (we will assume it is compounded annually), and t is the number of years.
Using this formula, we can calculate the amount owed after three years: A = 180000(1 + 0.09/1)^(1*3) = 180000(1.09)^3 = R243,356.49
This means that after three years, the student will owe R243,356.49 due to the accumulated interest on the study loan.
Now, in order to calculate the expected investment returns, we need to know what the student plans to do with the R180,000 that they received. If they invest it in an account that earns interest, they can earn returns on that investment. For example, if they invest the full R180,000 into an account that earns 5% interest per year, they can expect to earn a total of:
R180,000 * (1 + 0.05)^3 = R213,813.40
This means that after three years, the student can expect to have R213,813.40 if they invest the full R180,000 in an account that earns 5% interest per year. However, if they use the full R180,000 to pay for their living expenses and do not invest any of it, they will not earn any investment returns.
Therefore, it is important for the student to carefully consider their financial options and make informed decisions about how to use the money they have received.
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It was announced that IFRS accounting rules had changed. The new rule specified that all companies affected by the change had to restate their financial statements for all years affected by the change. Select one of these three items - Is this considered: an error; a change in estimate; a change in policy. And then: Select one of these two items - Should this be adjusted: retrospectively; prospectively NOTE - two boxes should be selected! Change in Error estimate Change in policy Retrospective
The change in accounting rules requiring companies to restate their financial statements for all affected years would be considered a "Change in Policy" and should be adjusted "Retrospectively."
Change in Policy: This change represents a modification in the accounting policy followed by companies due to the new IFRS accounting rules. It involves adopting a new principle or method for recognizing, measuring, or presenting financial information.
Retrospective Adjustment: Retrospective adjustment means applying the new accounting policy to the affected financial statements for prior years. Restating the financial statements retrospectively ensures that the financial information is presented consistently and comparably across different periods, providing users with accurate and reliable information.
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Diversification is investing in a variety of assets with which one of the following as the primary goal?
A. increasing returns
B. minimizing taxes
C. reducing some risks
D. eliminating all risks
E. increasing the variance
Diversification is investing in a variety of assets with reducing some risks as the primary goal. Diversification is a risk management strategy in which one invests in a variety of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and commodities, among others.
The goal of diversification is to spread the risk associated with any individual investment across several investments to reduce the overall risk of one's investment portfolio. For instance, investing all of one's money in a single company's stock might be profitable, but it also exposes one to a greater risk of financial loss. The same can be said for bonds, mutual funds, and other investment instruments. A diversified portfolio that includes a combination of investments from different sectors, such as healthcare, finance, and technology, is less likely to experience the same level of risk as a portfolio that is heavily weighted toward a single sector. In conclusion, diversification is a crucial component of an investment strategy that aims to reduce risk and increase returns over time.
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