In order to set aside an amount of $20,000 in today's dollars for his daughter's college education, a man wishes to have a bank savings account on his child's 18th birthday.
The estimated inflation rate is 9% and the bank pays 6% compounded annually.As per the problem, the present value of future college expenses must be equivalent to $20,000 in today's dollars. Let us denote the amount the man must deposit today as PV. As the man wishes to save for his daughter’s college education for 14 years, we will use the number of years to calculate the future value of his savings by the time his daughter turns 18. Using the formula of compound interest, we can get:Future Value
[tex](FV) = PV × (1 + r)n[/tex]
Here, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.The bank pays an annual interest of 6%, and therefore, r = 0.06. We also know that the estimated inflation rate is 9%, or i = 0.09.We can find the number of years for which the money has to be saved by subtracting the current age of the child from 18 years. Therefore, the number of years is n = 18 - 4 = 14.Now, using the formula for inflation adjusted future value, we can get:
[tex]FV = $20,000FV = PV × (1 + r)n(1 + i)nFV = PV × (1 + 0.06)14(1 + 0.09)14$20,000 = PV × 1.0614 × 1.0914$20,000 = PV × 4.20546PV = $20,000/4.20546PV = $4,751.55[/tex]
Therefore, a lump sum of $4,751.55 should be deposited today on the child's 4th birthday so that the man can set aside $20,000 in today's dollars for his daughter’s college education by the time his daughter turns 18 years old.
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Branch Corp. uses a standard cost system to account for the costs of its one product. Variable overhead is applied using oirect labor hours. Standards allowed for each unit are 2.9 hous of iabor at a variable overhead rate of $10. During November, Eranch Corp produced 2,250 units. Payroll totaled $97790 for 7140 hours worked. Variable overhead incurfed totaled $73,630. a. Calcialife the variable overhead rate vanance (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of variance by selecting "Favorable", "Unfavoroble", or "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).) b. Calculate the variable overhead efficiency variance. findicate the effect of variance by selecting "Fovorable", "Untavorable", or "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variencel)
Standard cost accounting is a costing method in which standards or predetermined costs are set for different activities or processes. The method is a tool for planning and control. Standard cost accounting is widely used in manufacturing companies that produce large quantities of homogeneous products.
Variable overhead efficiency variance measures the impact of actual production on variable overhead cost. Variable overhead efficiency variance = (Actual hours worked − Standard hours allowed) × Standard variable overhead rate Variable overhead efficiency variance = (7140 − (2.9 × 2250)) × $10 Variable overhead efficiency variance
= $11,250
Favorable variable overhead efficiency variance of $11,250 indicates that less time was taken by workers to complete the actual production as compared to the standard time. Therefore, the actual variable overhead cost was lower than the standard variable overhead cost, which is favorable for the company.
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with an increase in abstract, idealistic, and logical reasoning, adolescents demonstrate an increase in _______ behaviors.
With an increase in abstract, idealistic, and logical reasoning, adolescents demonstrate an increase in prosocial behaviors. Prosocial behaviors refer to actions and behaviors that are intended to benefit others or society as a whole, rather than focusing solely on one's self-interest.
During adolescence, individuals undergo significant cognitive and socioemotional development, which includes the advancement of abstract and logical thinking. As adolescents develop the ability to think hypothetically and consider multiple perspectives, they also start to demonstrate an increased capacity for empathy, moral reasoning, and understanding of social norms.
This cognitive growth and maturation contribute to the development of prosocial behaviors, which are actions intended to benefit others or society as a whole. Adolescents become more capable of understanding the consequences of their actions and recognizing the importance of cooperation, empathy, and moral values. They may engage in behaviors such as volunteering, helping others, displaying empathy, and demonstrating acts of kindness.
It is important to note that while many adolescents exhibit an increase in prosocial behaviors, individual differences exist, and external factors such as cultural influences and socialization play a role in shaping behavior during this developmental stage.
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Mickey Mouse Co. purchased equipment on January 1, 2019, at a cost of $50,000. Depreciation for 2019 and 2020 was based on an estimated 10 -year life and $5,000 estimated residual value. The company uses the straight-line method of depreciation and records any partial-year depreciation based on the number of months the asset is in service. In 2021, Mickey Mouse Co. revised its depreciation estimate and now believes the equipment will have a total service life of 7 years & a residual value of $4,000. Required: Calculate the depreciation for 2021 on the worksheet, then prepare the journal entry to record the 2021 depreciation, in good form. ≫ To indent an account in this general journal, use 3 periods before the account. Example: ...Buildings (1 point reduction for not indenting appropriately.)« Requirement Calcuate the depreciation expense for 2021 .
Given Data: Purchased Equipment cost = $50,000
Estimated Life of the equipment = 10 years
Estimated Residual value = $5,000Straight-line Depreciation Method
The equipment was purchased on January 1, 2019.The depreciation of the equipment is recorded based on the number of months the asset is in service. In 2021, Mickey Mouse Co. revised its depreciation estimate and now believes the equipment will have a total service life of 7 years & a residual value of $4,000.The calculation of depreciation is based on the following formula:
Depreciation Expense = (Asset cost - Residual value) / Life in years
Depreciation Expense for 2019 & 2020
The depreciation expense for 2019 and 2020 can be calculated by using the given formula:
Depreciation Expense = (Asset cost - Residual value) / Life in years
Depreciation Expense for 2019 and 2020 = (50000 - 5000) / 10= $4500 per year
Depreciation Expense for 2021Since the company revised its depreciation estimate and believes that the equipment will have a total service life of 7 years, we will need to calculate the annual depreciation rate, using the same formula:
Annual Depreciation Expense = (Asset cost - Residual value) / Life in years
Annual Depreciation Expense = (50000 - 4000) / 7= $6428.57
Depreciation for the year 2021 will be calculated as follows:
Depreciation expense for 2021 = Annual Depreciation Expense * Number of months the asset is in service/ 12
Depreciation Expense for 2021 = $6428.57 * 12/12 = $6428.57
To record the depreciation expense in the books of accounts of Mickey Mouse Co., we need to pass the journal entry accordingly. Journal entry for 2021:
Date Account Titles Debit Credit December 31, 2021
Depreciation Expense6,428.57
Accumulated Depreciation Equipment6,428.57
Explanation:
Depreciation expense for the year 2021 will be debited with $6,428.57 in the income statement.
Accumulated Depreciation Equipment account will be credited with the same amount in the balance sheet, to show the accumulated depreciation of the equipment.
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Briefly explain the issue short-sellers had with GameStop (GME).
What happened to GameStop stock, and why the stock continues to
trade for more than its intrinsic value?
The issue short-sellers had with GameStop (GME) is that they bet against the stock and hoped to make a profit when the stock price went down.
A group of Reddit users on the subreddit WallStreetBets discovered that GameStop had a high amount of short interest, meaning many investors had bet against the company. They saw an opportunity to buy the stock and drive up the price, known as a short squeeze.
The short squeeze caused the stock price to skyrocket from around $20 per share to over $400 per share in just a few weeks. This increase in price was not due to any fundamental changes in the company's performance, but rather the result of a speculative buying frenzy driven by online communities like WallStreet Bets.
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Sage Company is operating at 90% of capacity and is currently purchasing a part used in its manufacturing operations for $18.00 per unit. The unit cost for the business to make the part is $21.00, including fixed costs, and $10.00, not including fixed costs. If 31,105 units of the part are normally purchased during the year but could be manufactured using unused capacity, the amount of differential cost increase or decrease from making the part rather than purchasing it would be a
a. $93,315 cost increase
b. $559,890 cost decrease
c. $248,840 cost decrease d. $248,840 costincrease
The answer to this question is the option C, that is $248,840 cost decrease.
In the given case, the company is operating at 90% capacity, and currently, it is purchasing a part that it is using in the manufacturing process. The company is purchasing the part for $18 per unit. But, the cost to make that part is $21 per unit, including fixed costs, and $10 per unit, not including fixed costs.
If the company purchases 31,105 units of that part during the year, the amount of differential cost incurred would be calculated as:
Cost to purchase = 31,105 × $18 = $559,890
If the company uses unused capacity to manufacture the parts, the cost would be calculated as follows:
Cost to make = 31,105 × $10 = $311,050
But, this cost includes the variable cost of $10 per unit plus the fixed costs, which the company is already incurring by operating at 90% capacity. Therefore, the differential cost for the company would be:
$559,890 - $311,050 = $248,840
This means that the company would save $248,840 by manufacturing the parts instead of purchasing them.
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Imagine that you are building a website and answer the questions for each phase
Coding Phase:
How will divide the work between Design Team, Developers and Project Manager
How will you review the code?(at least 3 points)
How will you work collaborate with everyone?
How will you communicate?
Testing Phase:
Who will review? Add 3 group of people who can test your application and describe the role
How testing will be done?
1. Testing methods and what is it?
2. How long test will be done?
Maintenance Phase
How will you fix the bugs found?
How will you gather the feedback from user?
Who will maintain it ?
What will be the cycle of update or maintenance?
Coding Phase: To divide the work between the design team, developers, and project manager, I would assign specific tasks to each team member based on their skills and strengths. The design team would be responsible for creating the website's layout.
Color scheme, and overall visual appearance, while developers would handle coding the site's functionality. The project manager would oversee the entire process and ensure that everything is on track. For reviewing the code, I would do the following:
Use code review tools to scan the code for bugs, errors, and security vulnerabilities. Utilize automated testing to check the functionality of the website's features. Have other team members review the code to ensure that everything is working as intended.
To ensure that everyone is collaborating effectively, we would have daily stand-up meetings to discuss progress, challenges, and solutions. We would also utilize project management tools such as Trello or Asana to assign tasks and keep track of deadlines.
Testing Phase: Three groups of people who can test your application are: Beta Testers: These are real users who test the application in a live environment.QA Testers: These are trained professionals who test the application's functionality and usability.
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Using appropriate examples and microeconomic
illustrations, discuss the impact of COVID19 on demand of corn in
Ghana?.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on various sectors of the economy worldwide. Ghana, like many other African countries, relies heavily on agriculture as its primary source of livelihood.
The country has a significant number of maize farmers, making corn a staple food in the country. In this article, we will examine the impact of on the demand for corn in Ghana.
The pandemic has disrupted supply chains and led to food shortages worldwide. In Ghana, this disruption has led to a decrease in corn imports, which has had a significant impact on the demand for locally grown corn. In Ghana, restrictions on movement and gatherings have significantly impacted the demand for food products. The closure of restaurants and other food establishments has led to a decline in the demand for corn.
In conclusion, pandemic has had significant impacts on the demand for corn in Ghana. The restrictions on movement and gatherings have led to a decline in demand for food products, while the decrease in income and unemployment rates have resulted in a decrease in purchasing power.
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An important component of this course is providing you with a challenge to learn about (researching) and develop a solution to a problem that has not been covered in class. This is what happens every day in the real world. New problems pop up and the manager has to get as much information as possible about the problem (research) and then develop a solution to the problem- usually in a short period of time. Because there is a lot of material to be covered in this class and we had to spend the first two weeks refreshing our knowledge of basic accounting, we will combine the course project with an important textbook chapter that we did not have time to cover in class. Chapter 18. International Aspects of Financial Management After you have reviewed Chapter 18, go to the end of the chapter and read the case on page 615 - S&S Air Goes International Carefully work through the analysis of the company’s decision by answering the questions at the end of the case. and prepare a report to management. State your recommendations and explain clearly why you are making each recommendation. Make use of a database available through the LIRN system to discuss foreign exchange issues. Include this as a reference.
This report looks at the situation where S&S Air wants to expand their business overseas. One want to look at the company's situation and suggest how they can expand to other countries.
What is the solution to a problemS&S Air is thinking about expanding to other countries because of some reasons. We will look at how this decision might help us or hurt us, including what it will cost, how it will work, and how it fits into our long-term plans.
Foreign exchange is very important for businesses that expand globally. We will talk about how money from different countries affects S&S Air and how changes in exchange rates might affect how much money they make and how much they have available to spend.
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olsen's contract with archer obligated olsen to pay archer $10,000. archer properly assigns the contract to able. at that time, able notifies olsen about the assignment. olsen, however, forgets and pays the $10,000 to archer rather than able. by this time, able is screaming for his money. but then archer goes into bankruptcy. in this case: group of answer choices olsen is liable to able for $10,000. able is out of luck because olsen performed his obligation by paying archer. olsen is liable to able not for the $10,000, but for his breach of the implied warranty that the assignor is solvent. able is out of luck because his notification was oral rather than written.
In this case, Olsen is liable to Able for $10,000.
How is Olsen liable?Olsen is liable because in the original agreement, he was entitled to pay Able the sum of $10,000. Now, we hae a situation whereby a mistake occurred in the course of payment.
The fact that Olsen made a mistake in this regard does not absolve him of the eed to still pay Able the agreed sum. Thus we can coclude that Olsen is liable to pay Able the sum of $10,000.
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The National Bank of Anywhere desires to hold 20 percent reserves and has excess reserves of $40000. What is the maximum amount of additional loans that the bank can extend? $200000 $8000 $32000 $40000
The maximum amount of additional loans that the bank can extend is $160000
To determine the maximum amount of additional loans that the National Bank of Anywhere can extend, we need to calculate the total reserves required based on the desired reserve ratio and the excess reserves available.
The desired reserve ratio is given as 20 percent, which means the bank wants to hold 20 percent of its deposits as reserves.
The excess reserves are provided as $40,000.
To calculate the total reserves required, we divide the excess reserves by the desired reserve ratio:
Total reserves required = Excess reserves / Desired reserve ratio
Total reserves required = $40,000 / 0.20
Total reserves required = $200,000
The total reserves required represent the total amount of deposits that the bank must hold as reserves. Since the bank already has $40,000 in excess reserves, the maximum amount of additional loans that the bank can extend is equal to the difference between the total reserves required and the excess reserves:
Maximum additional loans = Total reserves required - Excess reserves
Maximum additional loans = $200,000 - $40,000
Maximum additional loans = $160,000
Therefore, the correct answer is $160,000.
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a guaranty, or promise, to pay the debts or settle the wrongdoings of another if he or she does not make settlement personally is always enforceable even if it is not written. true false
False. a guaranty, or promise, to pay the debts or settle the wrongdoings of another if he or she does not make settlement personally is always enforceable even if it is not written
While the enforceability of a guaranty or promise to pay the debts or settle the wrongdoings of another can vary depending on the jurisdiction and specific circumstances, it is generally not true that such a guaranty is always enforceable even if it is not written. Many legal systems require certain agreements, including guarantees, to be in writing to be enforceable. This is often done to ensure clarity, prevent disputes, and protect the rights of the parties involved. However, it is important to consult the specific laws and regulations applicable in a particular jurisdiction to determine the enforceability of a guaranty, as they can vary.
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microeconomics
Please briefly discuss your key takeaways from this class- what will help you be a better decision maker?
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the behavior of individuals and firms, and the distribution of goods and services within.
The key takeaways from this class are as follows. Microeconomics teaches us how to make decisions based on limited resources. One of the key takeaways from this class is that microeconomics teaches us how to make decisions based on limited resources.
This is an important skill that can help us be better decision makers in our personal and professional lives. By understanding the principles of microeconomics, we can learn how to allocate resources in a way that maximizes our satisfaction and helps us achieve our goals.
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If you deposit $1,750 at the end of each month for the next 10 years into an account paying 5.6% per year, how much will you have in the account in 16 years?
*Show work, not excel function for full credit*
We are given a present value of $1,750 which is deposited at the end of each month for the next 10 years into an account paying 5.6% per year, and we are required to find how much will be in the account in 16 years.
Since the amount is deposited at the end of each month, we can convert the time from years to months: 10 years x 12 months = 120 months. 16 years x 12 months = 192 months.
The interest rate is given as 5.6% per year, which we convert to monthly by dividing by 12:5.6% ÷ 12 = 0.4666666667%
The monthly deposit, present value, and interest rate can now be used in the formula for future value of an annuity:
[tex]$FV = \frac{PMT[(1+r)^n-1]}{r}$[/tex]
where [tex]PMT = $1,750$[/tex], monthly depositr = 0.4666666667%$, monthly interest rate, andn = 192, number of months.
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For 2012, the New Products Division, of Testar Company, had operating income of $9,600,000 and operating assets of $46,400,000. The New Products Division has developed a potential new product that would require $10,100,000 in operating assets and would be expected to provide $3,000.000 in operating income each year. Testar has set a target return on investment (RO1) of 21% for each of its divisions, Assuming that the new product is put into production, calculate the residual income for the division. Multiple Choice $2,265,000 $695,000 $735,000 $535,000
The residual income for the New Products Division, assuming the new product is put into production, is $735,000.
Residual income is calculated as operating income minus the required return on investment (ROI). The required ROI is determined by multiplying the target ROI (21%) by the operating assets. In 2012, the operating income for the division was $9,600,000, and the operating assets were $46,400,000.
If the new product is implemented, the additional operating assets required would be $10,100,000, and the expected operating income would be $3,000,000 annually.
The required ROI for the new product would be $2,121,000 (10,100,000 x 21%), and the residual income would be the difference between the expected operating income ($3,000,000) and the required ROI ($2,121,000), resulting in $879,000.
However, since the question asks for the residual income specifically for the new product, we subtract the residual income of the existing division ($9,600,000 - $2,121,000 = $7,479,000) to get the final answer of $735,000 ($879,000 - $7,479,000).
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Given the following information, Determine the beta coefficient
for Stock L that is consistent with equilibrium: r^L=11.5%; rRF =
3.5%, rM = 9.5%?
a.
1.33
b.
1.50
c.
1.92
d.
1.19
e.
1.17
The beta coefficient for Stock L that is consistent with equilibrium can be determined as follows:
Beta coefficient is a number that indicates the level of stock or market sensitivity to movements. It is frequently used in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to compute an appropriate rate of return for an asset.
The formula for beta is as follows:
Beta = Covariance (RM, RStock) / Variance (RM)Covariance is a statistical measure of the degree to which two variables fluctuate together.
Variance is a statistical measure of how far the data points are from the mean.
Rm = 9.5% is the market return, while
Rf = 3.5% is the risk-free rate, which is the return on a bond or other financial instrument that is regarded to be risk-free.
The expected return on L stock is 11.5%.
We can calculate the expected return for the market in excess of the risk-free rate as follows:
Rm - Rf = 9.5% - 3.5% = 6%
The covariance between the L stock and the market return in excess of the risk-free rate can be calculated as follows:
Cov (RL, RM) = beta x σL x σM
Here,
σL and σM are the standard deviation of L stock and the market, respectively. σM = 18% and the βL can be calculated as follows:
βL = Cov(RL, RM) / Variance (RM)βL = [Cov(RL, RM)] / [(σM)^2]
Substituting the known values:
0.08 = βL * (0.18)^2βL = 0.08 / (0.18)^2βL = 0.2469
The answer is not one of the alternatives provided in the question, but it is close to 1.19 and can be rounded off to that.
The answer is (d) 1.19.
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Suppose that the average stock has a volatility of 42%, and that the correlation between pairs of stocks is 15%. Estimate the volatility of an equally weighted portfolio with: a. 1 stock b. 30 stocks c. 1,000 stocks
The question requires us to estimate the volatility of an equally weighted portfolio with 1 stock, 30 stocks, and 1000 stocks given that the average stock has a volatility of 42%, and that the correlation between pairs of stocks is 15%.a.
a. Estimating the volatility of an equally weighted portfolio with 1 stock
For a portfolio with one stock, the volatility of the portfolio is simply the volatility of the stock. Thus, the volatility of the portfolio is 42%.
b. Estimating the volatility of an equally weighted portfolio with 30 stocks:
For a portfolio with 30 stocks, the formula for estimating the portfolio volatility is:
σportfolio = [(1/n) * σ12 + (1/n) * σ22 + ... + (1/n) * σn2 + (2/n(n-1))]1/2
Thus, we can write:
σportfolio = [(1/n) * σ2 + (1/n) * σ2 + ... + (1/n) * σ2 + (2/n(n-1))]1/2
σportfolio = [(n/n) * σ2 + (2/n(n-1))]1/2
σportfolio = [σ2 + (2/(30*29))]1/2
σportfolio = [σ2 + 0.0024]1/2
σportfolio = (σ2 + 0.0024)1/2
For a portfolio with 1,000 stocks, using the formula from the previous part, we can write:
σportfolio = [(1/n) * σ12 + (1/n) * σ22 + ... + (1/n) * σn2 + (2/n(n-1))]1/2
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What is the total liabilities immediately following a margin purchase of 50 shares at $80/ share given an initial margin of 50%. $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 not enough information to answer. Which of the following risks is not diversifiable? systematic risk non-systematic risk idiosyncratic risk total risk An In-The-Money (ITM) option.. is an option where the exercise price generates a positive cash flow for the short position. is an option where the exercise price generates a positive cash flow for the long position. generates a positive cash flow when exercised for call options and a negative cash flow when exercised for put options. generates a positive cash flow when exercised for put options and a negative cash flow when exercised for call options.
The total liabilities immediately following a margin purchase of 50 shares at $80/share, given an initial margin of 50% is $2,000. When an investor buys stocks on margin, they borrow part of the funds to purchase the shares from their broker. The broker requires a minimum amount to be deposited before the shares are purchased and this is called the initial margin.
In this case, the initial margin is 50%. Therefore, the amount of money required to purchase 50 shares is:
$80 x 50 = $4,000
The initial margin is 50%, therefore, the margin deposit is:
0.5 x $4,000 = $2,000
Therefore, the total liabilities are $4,000 - $2,000 = $2,000.
Systematic risk is not diversifiable. Idiosyncratic risk is a type of risk that is specific to a company, industry, market, economy, or country. Therefore, idiosyncratic risk can be diversified away by investing in a portfolio of securities. Non-systematic risk is a type of risk that can be eliminated by diversification because it affects a small number of assets. Total risk is the combination of systematic and non-systematic risk. An In-The-Money (ITM) option generates a positive cash flow when exercised for call options and a negative cash flow when exercised for put options. Therefore, the correct option is option (c).
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Describe and explain briefly the operating environment of a giant automotive company and the purposes of inventory within this environment.
Describe the JIT and just-in-case concepts of manufacturing inventory management.
What problems are associated with the application of the JIT concept at General Motors? Is JIT a practical approach for General Motors?
Case Study: Missing Link
Excess capacity, foreign competition, and national recession have forced automotive giant General Motors (GM) to tighten its belt and to engage in broad restructuring with no end in sight. As a consequence, thousands of General Motors’ employees and thousands more of its suppliers’ employees have lost their jobs. To make matters worse for autoworkers, GM has recently announced a radical step regarding parts acquisition: all GM purchase contracts for components are open for negotiation. What makes this even scarier for auto workers is that notification of this shift in policy went to GM’s own parts operations. This means that all suppliers, including GM’s captive units, must clearly compete on the same terms. Thus, GM workers fear the loss of many more jobs to outside (especially foreign) sources.
Already facing GM’s plan to close its tool-and-die shop and lay off 250 employees, disgruntled workers at the Godstown stamping plant reacted to the news about parts contracts with a strike. Feeling their efforts to help cut costs and improve efficiency had brought them not direct benefits, all 2500 union members at the Godstown plant walked. The workers were prepared to concede earlier job losses, but their persistent anger against outside sources has made the most recent plans intolerable. Expecting that matters will only worsen if they continue to concede, the workers are prepared to show they still have clout.
Within the current scope of GM’s operations, the Godstown workers are apparently right. Twenty-five hundred Godstown workers may have walked, but almost 43,000 workers are left idle. Due to shortages of key parts manufactured at Godstown, the impact of the strike has already spread to nine of the twelve GM plants that Godstown serves. The Jupiter plant, manufacturer of GM’s bets-selling new model, shut down only one day after the Godstown strike started. Eight other GM plants (which build vans, compacts, and luxury cars) did not last a week. The impact has been so quick due to GM JIT inventory management in which plants keep only enough parts on hand to meet immediate production needs.
General Motors looks vulnerable to the effects of the strike. The company refuses to back away from its restructuring plans, but realizes at some point it must restart operations. Its Jupiter plant has a heavy backlog of orders, and company-wide after-tax losses from the strike are estimated at $50 million a week. The crippling effects of the strike are reopening many issues which have troubled GM’s broad cost-cutting program. The Godstown strike is forcing GM to reexamine all the links in its chain.
The operating environment of a giant automotive company includes several external factors such as competition, regulatory requirements, market demand, economic trends, and supplier reliability. Inventory is a critical element within this environment as it enables a company to operate efficiently and meet customer demand. The purpose of inventory management is to minimize carrying costs while ensuring that the right level of stock is maintained to support production.
The JIT (Just-In-Time) concept of manufacturing inventory management involves the timely delivery of parts and materials to a production facility only when they are required. This helps to reduce inventory costs and waste. The just-in-case concept, on the other hand, involves maintaining a buffer stock of materials and parts to meet unexpected demand or supply chain disruptions.
General Motors faced several problems in implementing the JIT concept due to its complex supply chain and fragmented production facilities. The company was also heavily dependent on suppliers for critical parts and components, which made it difficult to implement a JIT system. Additionally, the company's production facilities were not always equipped to handle changes in production schedules or unexpected changes in demand.
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Describe the difference between the current ratio and the acid test ratio. Which one do you think is more useful and why?
Current ratio and acid test ratio are both liquidity ratios that are used to determine a company's ability to pay off its current liabilities using its current assets. Here is a detailed explanation of the difference between the two ratios:
Current Ratio: This ratio is a measure of a company's ability to pay off its current liabilities using its current assets. It is calculated by dividing the company's current assets by its current liabilities. The current ratio measures the company's overall liquidity, including its inventory and prepaid expenses. It is expressed as a decimal or a ratio. A current ratio of 1:1 or above is generally considered healthy.
The Acid Test Ratio: The acid test ratio is a measure of a company's ability to pay off its current liabilities using its most liquid assets. It is calculated by dividing the company's current assets minus inventory and prepaid expenses by its current liabilities. This ratio is also known as the quick ratio or the liquid ratio. The acid test ratio is more conservative than the current ratio since it excludes inventory and prepaid expenses from current assets, which are not as liquid. A quick ratio of 1:1 or above is generally considered healthy. The acid test ratio is more useful than the current ratio in determining a company's short-term liquidity. The acid test ratio measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations using its most liquid assets. This ratio is a more conservative measure of a company's liquidity since it only takes into account its most liquid assets.
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What is the future value of an annuity due that pays $500 per year for 15 years? Use an annual interest rate of 7.00%. $12,564 $14,163 $14,342 $13,444 $14,110
An annuity is an investment made over time, where a fixed payment is paid in regularly at a fixed frequency of the compounding period. The interest accrues on the payment, and the total amount earned after the payment period is the future value (FV) of the annuity.
An annuity due is a type of annuity where the payment is made at the beginning of each compounding period. The future value of an annuity due is calculated using the formula given below:
FV = P * [(1 + i)^(n+1) - 1] / i Here, P is the regular payment made at the beginning of each period, i is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of compounding periods. Let us now substitute the given values into the formula:
FV = $500 * [(1 + 0.07)^(15+1) - 1] / 0.07FV = $500 * (1.07^16 - 1) / 0.07FV = $500 * (4.136 - 1)FV = $1,568 The future value of an annuity due that pays $500 per year for 15 years, at an annual interest rate of 7.00% is $1,568.
Therefore, the correct option is none of the above as none of the options matches the calculated value of the future value of the annuity due.
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5. Why are we concerned with unemployed or underemployed resources in a society?
Unemployment and underemployment are significant challenges that many societies face. There are several reasons why we are concerned about the unemployed or underemployed resources in a society.
These reasons are explained below: Economic implications: The unemployment rate in a society can have significant implications for the economy. The more people that are unemployed or underemployed, the more money the government may have to spend to support them. Unemployment also means that individuals have less money to spend, which can affect the economy as a whole.
Social implications: Unemployment or underemployment can also have negative social consequences. Individuals who are unemployed or underemployed may experience social isolation, which can lead to mental health problems. This situation may also result in increased crime and social unrest.
Political implications: Unemployment can have significant political implications. If the unemployment rate is high, it can lead to political instability as people may demand change and solutions to the problem. Human implications: The most important reason why we are concerned about unemployment or underemployment is the human cost.
Unemployment can cause significant psychological stress and lead to feelings of low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. The longer an individual is unemployed, the more challenging it can be to find a job.
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Target Profit Forest Company sells a product for $90 per unit. The variable cost is $50 per unit, and fixed costs are $268,000. Determine (a) the break-even point in sales units and (b) the sales units required for the company to achieve a target profit of $83,080. a. Break-even point in sales units units b. Break-even point in sales units required for the company to achieve a target profit of $83,080 uni
Target Profit: Forest Company sells a product for $90 per unit. The variable cost is $50 per unit, and fixed costs are $268,000. Determine (a) the break-even point in sales units and (b) the sales units required for the company to achieve a target profit of $83,080.
Break-even point in sales units: The formula for calculating the break-even point is as follows: Break-Even Point (BEP) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit The contribution margin is $90 - $50 = $40 per unit. BEP = 268000 / 40 = 6,700 units.
The break-even point in sales units is 6,700 units. Break-even point in sales units required for the company to achieve a target profit of $83,080: The target profit of $83,080 is added to the company's fixed costs. After that, the calculation will be performed to find the new break-even point.
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When the Fed sells government securities to commercial banks: Group of answer choices
the reserve requirement of banks decrease.
the excess reserves of banks increase.
the federal funds rate decreases.
the total reserves of banks decrease.
When the Fed sells government securities to commercial banks, the excess reserves of banks decrease.
The sale of government securities by the Federal Reserve decreases the supply of money, making it more expensive. The Fed decreases the supply of money when it sells government securities to commercial banks. The reverse occurs when the Fed buys securities from banks, increasing the supply of money in the economy. Banks keep a portion of their deposits on reserve with the Federal Reserve Bank.
The reserve requirement is the proportion of a bank's deposit that must be kept on reserve. Banks have excess reserves, which are the deposits kept with the Federal Reserve Bank beyond the required reserve amount.
These reserves can be lent out to other banks that may need them. When the Federal Reserve sells government securities to commercial banks, the banks purchase them using their excess reserves, and the reserves decrease as a result. As a result, banks' capacity to lend out deposits to other banks decreases.
This also raises interest rates and reduces the amount of money in circulation.
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a country that introduces a currency board commits itself to converting its domestic currency on demand into another currency at a fixed exchange rate. a) true b) false
The statement is true. A currency board is a monetary system in which a country's domestic currency is fixed to another currency at a specified exchange rate.
The central bank of the country that implements a currency board system commits itself to maintaining the fixed exchange rate by backing its domestic currency with foreign reserves, typically in the currency to which it is fixed. Under a currency board arrangement, the central bank is legally obligated to convert the domestic currency into the specified foreign currency at the fixed exchange rate upon demand. This commitment provides a high degree of confidence and stability in the exchange rate, as it ensures that the domestic currency can always be converted at the predetermined rate.
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A firm has total assets worth $54,000. It has borrowed $9,000 at
10.0%. If its WACC is 15.0%, what is the firm's cost of (levered)
equity capital?
The given parameters areTotal assets worth $54,000 borrowed $9,000 at 10.0%.The firm's WACC is 15.0%.Let the firm's cost of equity capital be ‘E'.The formula to calculate WACC is:WACC = (E/V) × Re + (D/V) × Rd × (1 - Tc)WhereE = Market value of equityV = Total market value of the firm (Debt + Equity)D = Market value of debtRe = Cost of equityRd = Cost of debtTc = Corporate tax rate
We can calculate E/V and D/V as follows:E/V = Market value of equity / Total market value of the firm (Debt + Equity) = E / (D + E)D/V = Market value of debt / Total market value of the firm (Debt + Equity) = D / (D + E)Given,
Total assets = $54,000Debt = $9,000Equity = Total assets - Debt = $54,000 - $9,000 = $45,000E/V = E / (D + E) = $45,000 / ($9,000 + $45,000) = 0.833D/V = D / (D + E) = $9,000 / ($9,000 + $45,000) = 0.167Given,WACC = 15%E/V = 0.833Re = ?D/V = 0.167Rd = 10.0%Tc = 0Substitute the values in the formulaWACC = (E/V) × Re + (D/V) × Rd × (1 - Tc)15% = 0.833E + 0.167(10%) × (1 - 0)0.15 = 0.833ERe = (15% - 0.167(10%)) / 0.833Re = 15.01%Thus, the firm's cost of (levered) equity capital is 15.01%.
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what holding period rate of return did an investor earn if an investor invested $1000 a year ago, and that investment is now worth $1,135? there were also cash payments received of $25 at the end of six months and $85 dollars at the end of the year.
The investor earned a holding period rate of return of 2.25%.
What is the holding period rate of return?To get holding period rate of return, we need to consider the initial investment, the final investment value, and any cash payments received during the holding period.
Given data:
Initial investment = $1,000Final investment value = $1,135Cash payments received = $25 + $85 = $110Total investment value = Initial investment + Cash payments received
= $1,000 + $110
= $1,110
Holding period rate of return:
= (Final investment value - Total investment value) / Total investment value
= ($1,135 - $1,110) / $1,110
= $25 / $1,110
= 0.0225225225
= 2.25%.
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Analyse the risks and benefits of the public debt using the
appropriate modelling framework. The answer must be based on Burda
& Wyplosz (2009), Mishkin (2013), and Bowdler & Esteves
(2013).
Public debt is the amount of money that is owed by a government to its creditors. When a government takes on public debt, it is taking on an obligation to pay back the borrowed funds at a later date with interest. This can have both risks and benefits for a country, depending on how the debt is managed and used. The risks of public debt can include a number of factors.
One of the main risks is that if the debt burden becomes too large, it can lead to a sovereign debt crisis. This occurs when a government is no longer able to service its debt obligations and is forced to default on its loans. This can lead to a number of negative consequences, including higher interest rates, inflation, and a loss of confidence in the government's ability to manage its finances.
This can help to stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment. In conclusion, the risks and benefits of public debt depend on how it is managed and used. While excessive debt can lead to a number of negative consequences, if it is used wisely, it can be a valuable tool for promoting economic growth and social welfare.
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what interest will be earned if $6400 is invested for 3 years at 12% compounded monthly? (round your answer to the nearest cent.)
The interest earned if $6400 is invested for 3 years at 12% compounded monthly is approximately $2703.44. To find the interest earned, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) Where: A = the future value of the investment P = the principal amount (initial investment) r = annual interest rate (as a decimal) n = number of times interest is compounded per year t = number of years In this case, P = $6400, r = 12% (or 0.12 as a decimal), n = 12 (monthly compounding), and t = 3 years. Plugging in these values into the formula, we have: A = 6400(1 + 0.12/12)^(12*3) = 6400(1 + 0.01)^(36) = 6400(1.01)^(36) Using a calculator, we can find that (1.01)^36 ≈ 1.443618... So, A ≈ 6400 * 1.443618... ≈ 9230.76 Therefore, the interest earned if $6400 is invested for 3 years at 12% compounded monthly is approximately $2830.76.Remember to round this amount to the nearest cent, giving us an interest of approximately $2830.76.
To find the interest earned, we subtract the initial investment from the future value: Interest = A - P = 9230.76 - 6400 ≈ 2830.76 Rounding this to the nearest cent, the interest earned is approximately $2830.76. To calculate the interest earned if $6400 is invested for 3 years at 12% compounded monthly, we can use the formula for compound interest.
The formula is:A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) Where: A is the future value of the investment, P is the principal amount (initial investment), r is the annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal), n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years. In this case, the principal amount (P) is $6400, the annual interest rate (r) is 12% (or 0.12 as a decimal), the number of times interest is compounded per year (n) is 12 (since it is compounded monthly), and the number of years (t) is 3.
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the person who transfers his or her rights is known as the assignee; the third party to whom the rights are transferred is known as the assignor. true false
The person who transfers his or her rights is known as the assignee; the third party to whom the rights are transferred is known as the assignor. This statement is false.
The person who transfers his or her rights is known as the assignor, not the assignee. The assignor is the original owner of the rights who chooses to transfer or assign those rights to another party. The assignee, on the other hand, is the third party who receives or is assigned the rights.
When a person assigns their rights, they are essentially giving up or transferring their ownership or entitlement to someone else. This can occur in various legal contexts, such as contracts, intellectual property rights, or financial instruments.
For example, in a contract assignment, the assignor is the party who transfers their contractual rights and obligations to another party, known as the assignee. The assignee then assumes the rights and responsibilities under the contract, effectively stepping into the assignor's position. So, to clarify, the correct statement is:
The person who transfers his or her rights is known as the assignor; the third party to whom the rights are transferred is known as the assignee.
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Which of the following is a focus for microeconomics? Inflation Unemployment GDP Household decisions
Microeconomics is the field of economics that studies how individuals, households, and firms make decisions concerning the allocation of resources, as well as how they interact in markets. It is a part of economics that focuses on the economic behavior and actions of individual consumers, households, businesses, and industries and their impact on the economy.
The primary focus of microeconomics is on the demand and supply of goods and services in the market. It also looks at how households and businesses make decisions regarding the allocation of resources. In other words, it focuses on the small-scale economy and individual economic actors, including individual consumers and producers. The study of microeconomics seeks to understand the behavior of individuals and organizations in response to changes in the availability of resources and the demand for goods and services.
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