A molecule with 4 single bonds (and any number of lone pairs) could have the tetrahedral geometry.
For example carbon(IV) chloride (CCl₄). There are four single covalent bonds between one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms (see the picture below).
Carbon has sp3 hybridization (hybridize one s-orbital and three p-orbitals) and four chlorine atoms are positioned symmetrically as corners in a tetrahedral configuration. Because of symmetrical geometry, carbon tetrachloride is non-polar molecule.
Electron configuration of carbon: ₆C 1s² 2s² 2p².
Electron configuration of chlorine: ₁₇Cl 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
The ammonium ion has exactly the same shape as methane, because it has exactly the same electronic arrangement, ammonium ion is tetrahedral (sp3 hybridized).
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Analyze the structure of 4‑sec‑butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloctane. Identify the number of ethyl and methyl groups in the compound. Note that these groups are not necessarily confined to those specifically mentioned in the name.
The structure of 4‑sec‑butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyl octane has 4 ethyl groups and 2 methyl groups.
Since ethyl and methyl groups are saturated, there are no double or triple bonds between the atoms in these compounds. The main distinction between ethyl and methyl is that the former is made up of two carbon atoms while the latter is made up of just one. It is customary to write the chemicals' names in alphabetical order, so ethyl comes before methyl and then precedes propyl. The carbon atoms in a cycloalkane are linked together in a ring, hence the name. Just two types of alcohol are methanol and ethanol. Ethanol, also referred to as ethyl alcohol, has a chemical composition of two carbon atoms. Methanol also referred to as methyl alcohol, is made up of just one carbon atom.
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Calculate the molalities of the following aqueous solutions: (a) 1.036 m sugar (c12h22o11) solution (density of solution = 1.095 g/ml)
the molalities of the following aqueous solutions: (a) 1.036 m sugar (c12h22o11) solution (density of solution = 1.095 g/ml)
Molality = 1.096/(3.029 * 10 ^ -3) = 361.8 m
What is molality?
Molality is the ratio of moles of solute to kilogrammes of solvent (m). The following is the molality formula:
Molality (m) = kilogrammes of solvent / moles of solute.
Molality is the ratio of moles of solute to kilogrammes of solvent (m). Students should keep in mind that the moles are measured in proportion to the mass of the solvent and not the mass of the solution while using the molality formula, which is presented as follows.
Density = m/ volume = 1.095g/ml
Thus, weight of solvent = 1.095g for 1 ml
Moles of solvent = 1.036/342 moles = 3.029 * 10 ^ -3
Molality = 1.096/(3.029 * 10 ^ -3) = 361.8 m
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Which example shows an organism that cannot reach homeostasis through internal changes?
Responses
Circulation decreases in a bird when it becomes too warm.
A dog shivers when it is too cold.
A lizard is cold, and it moves to a sunny rock to warm up.
A person gets a fever in response to a flu infection.
As an example option C. A lizard is cold, and it moves to a sunny rock to warm up, hows an organism that cannot reach homeostasis through internal changes.
Homeostasis is the nation of steady internal, bodily, and chemical conditions maintained via dwelling systems. that is the circumstance of gold standard functioning for the organism and consists of many variables, which include body temperature and fluid balance, being kept inside certain pre-set limits.
Homeostasis is the ability to keep a quite stable internal kingdom that persists regardless of modifications within the world outside. All dwelling organisms, from flora to puppies to human beings, must alter their internal environment to procedure power and ultimately continue to exist.
Homeostasis is maintained by using a series of manipulation mechanisms performed at the organ, tissue, or cell degree. these management mechanisms include substrate supply, activation or inhibition of person enzymes and receptors, synthesis and degradation of enzymes, and compartmentalization.
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After extraction of the benzoic acid into the aqueous solution as its anionic salt, the ether solution was then washed with water two further times. What do you think was the purpose of these two wash steps?.
To remove any remaining unreacted inorganic component (from the added separating reagent) in the ether solution, two additional washes were performed after extracting benzoic acid into the aqueous solution as its anionic salt.
Benzoic acid must first be extracted from a mixture by adding NaOH, and then any excess NaOH must be removed in order to continue. Further, to get rid of the excess NaOH in the solution, it is washed with water twice or three times.
To reduce the amount of residue and other impurities in the layers, washing is done. The polar impurities, such as the leftover anionic salt of benzoic acid, tend to migrate to the water when washing, giving you a purer organic layer because ether is non-polar and water is polar.
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An organism was kept at a temperature of 40°C for a period of 2 weeks. At the end of that time, the investigator determined that the organism was sterile. To support the hypothesis that high temperatures cause sterility, the investigator should be able to show that the
1. organism was not sterile before the experiment period began.
2. high temperature did not alter the blood pressure of the organism
3. pituitary gland of the organism had not degenerated.
4. organism was homozygous for temperature sensitivity.
The investigator should show that the organism was not sterile before the experiment began. So the correct option is A.
What is a scientific hypothesis?
A scientific hypothesis is a theory that offers a speculative explanation for a phenomenon or a specific group of related events that have been observed in the natural world. The capacity to be supported or disproven by observation and experimentation are the two main characteristics of a scientific hypothesis, and they are embodied in an "If...then" statement that summarises the notion. In the middle of the 20th century, British philosopher Karl Popper, who was of Austrian descent, established the idea that a scientific theory might be both falsified and tested.
The scientific method, the strategy used by scientists to try to comprehend and evaluate theories regarding natural events, includes the formation and testing of hypotheses. The process of developing a hypothesis is commonly referred to as creative and is based on prior scientific understanding, intuition, or experience.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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According to the law of conservation of mass, which statement is true?
Answer:
It's the last option,
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products, assuming that the reaction has gone to completion.
Meaning that option D is correct (last one)
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Answer: anwser D
Explanation: HOPE THIS HELPS!!!
A solution is made by mixing of heptane and of acetyl bromide . calculate the mole fraction of heptane in this solution. round your answer to significant digits.
The mole fraction of acetyl bromide is 0.534 and heptane is 0.466.
What is acetyl bromide?An acyl halide, sometimes referred to as an acid halide, is a chemical molecule created by swapping out the hydroxyl group in an oxoacid with a halide group.
The chemical has a -COX functional group, which is made up of a carbonyl group that is singly linked to a halogen atom, if the acid is a carboxylic acid. The general formula for such an acyl halide can be represented as RCOX, where X stands for the halide, such as chloride, and R may be, for example, an alkyl group. Although acyl chlorides are the most frequent acyl halides, acetyl iodide is the one that is created (temporarily) on a big scale. The annual manufacturing of acetic acid results in billions of kilograms.
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A student investigated the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide by titration with a 0.0480 mol/dm3 ethanedioic acid solution.
This is the method used.
1. Measure 25.0cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution into a conical flask using a 25.0cm3 pipette
2. Add 2 drops of indicator to the sodium hydroxide solution
3. Fill a burette with the 0.0480 mol/dm3 ethanedioic acid solution to the 0.00cm3 mark
4. Add the ethanedioic acid solution to the sodium hydroxide solution until the indicator changes colour
5. Read the burette to find the volume of the ethanedioic acid solution used
Suggest two improvements to the method that would increase the accuracy of the result.
The accuracy of the results could be improved by;
1) The use of porcelain to observe the end point
2) Rinsing the burette with the ethanedioic acid solution before the titration begins.
What is titration?The term titration has to do with the process by which we use a neutralization reaction to be able to determine the concentration of substances that participate in the reaction. Now we know that titration is one of the ways by which we are able to carry out a volumetric analysis. The term volumetric analysis has to do with the type of analysis that involves the use of the volume of the analyte.
The titrant is put into the flask and the titrand is put in the burette. We always have to make use of an indicator to be able to know when the end point or the equivalence point of the reaction have been achieved in the process of the titration.
The accuracy of the results could be improved by;
1) The use of porcelain to observe the end point
2) Rinsing the burette with the ethanedioic acid solution before the titration begins.
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What is the value of ka for the methylammonium ion, ch3nh3 ? kb(ch3nh2) = 4.4 x 10-4
a) 4 x 10-4
b) 4.8 x 10-6
c) 4 x 10-10
d) 2.3 x 10-11
The correct answer is 2.3×[tex]10^{-11}[/tex]
The auto-ionization constant of water is related to the dissociation constant of an acid or base with its conjugate:
KaKb =Kw=1×10⁻¹⁴
Constant of acid dissociation
Calculations of an acid dissociation constant are used to quantify an acid's potency.
When HA, a chemical species, dissociates into A- and H+ at equilibrium, the acid dissociation constant is utilized. The conjugate base of the acid is the anion.
When both the forward and backward reactions proceed at the same rate, the reaction is in equilibrium.
Acid strength is typically measured using the pKa, which is equal to the negative log of the Ka value. Stronger acids are those with smaller pka values and larger Ka values, respectively. Here is a calculation of acid dissociation.
Ka=1×10⁻¹⁴/4.4×10⁻⁴
=2.3×10⁻¹¹
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Determine the formula unit and name for the compound formed when each pair of ions interacts. in the formula capitalization and subscripts are graded. spelling counts al3 and cn-
In each question we need to balance the charge to get formula
[tex]Al(CN)_{3}[/tex]) Aluminum Cyanide
[tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] Calcium Sulfate
[tex]LINO_{3}[/tex] Lithium Nitrate
[tex]NH_{4} CL[/tex] Ammonium Chloride
Ionic interaction is the attractive force between ions with opposite charges. Also called an ionic bond, it is the force that holds ionic compounds together. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
Intermolecular interactions occur between molecules or atoms that are not connected by bonds. Molecular interactions include cohesion (like-like attraction), adhesion (like-like attraction), and repulsion between molecules.
Divide the molar mass of the compound by the molar mass of the molecular formula. The result will be an integer or very close to an integer. Multiply all subscripts of the molecular formula by the integers found in step 2. The result is the sum formula
Hence, the result will be the sum formula
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How many moles of copper were in the copper oxide formed? the molar mass of copper(ii) sulfate pentahydrate is 249.68 g/mol. for best accuracy, use the mass measurements read using the balance.
79.91 g moles of copper were in the copper oxide formed.
Using the molar mass of 125.00 grams of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO45H2O), we first determine how many moles there are:
(Molar Mass of CuSO4) + 5*(Molar Mass of H2O) = Molar Mass of CuSO45H2O.
CuSO45H2O's molar mass is equal to 249.68 g/mol moles. CuSO45H2O = 125.00 g x 249.68 g/mol x 0.501 mol
CuSO4 and 5H2O undergo a reaction, resulting in CuSO4.
Using the molar mass of CuSO4, we can now convert 0.501 moles of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate into grams:
79.91 g CuSO4 is equal to 0.501 mol CuSO4 times 159.609 g/mol.
What is copper(ii) sulfate pentahydrate?The most prevalent form of copper(II) sulfate hydrate is the pentahydrate (n = 5). The pentahydrate has also gone by the names blue vitriol, bluestone, copper vitriol, and Roman vitriol in the past. The most prevalent form of copper(II) sulfate is the vivid blue pentahydrate CuSO45H2O.
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What type of signaling molecules are the incretins? autocrine signals paracrine signals juxtacrine signals classic hormones
What volume is occupied by 0.102 molmol of helium gas at a pressure of 0.95 atmatm and a temperature of 305 kk ?
The volume occupied by 0.102 mole of the helium gas is 2.69 L
Data obtained from the questionThe following data were obtained from the question:
Number of mole (n) = 0.102 moles Pressure (P) = 0.95 atm Temperature (T) = 305 KGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Volume (V) =? How to determine the volumeThe volume of the gas can be obtained by using the ideal gas equation as illustrated below:
PV = nRT
Divide both sides by P
V = nRT / P
V = (0.102 × 0.0821 × 305) / 0.95
V = 2.69 L
Thus, the volume of the gas is 2.69 L
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What is the experimental quanity that serves as a measure of resistance to flow of a liquid?
Viscosity is the experimental parameter used to assess a liquid's resistance to flow.
What is Viscosity?Viscosity is the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to resist changing its shape or allowing nearby parts to move in relation to one another. Viscosity is a sign of flow resistance.
The fluidity, a metric indicating the ease of flow, is the reciprocal of viscosity. For instance, molasses is more viscous than water.
The viscosity of a liquid is a significant metric because the user may interpret it as a gauge of quality; in some cases, a thicker liquid may be perceived as having higher quality than a thinner one.
The texture of food also has a property called viscosity.
Therefore, viscosity is the experimental quality that serves as a measure of resistance to flow of a liquid.
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The hydrate compound c u s o 4 ⋅ 5 h 2 o is blue in color, while the dehydrated form of copper sulfate c u s o 4 is white. What procedure do you think could be used to convert the pentahydrate form to the dehydrated form?.
Answer:
Evaporate a solution of CuSO4⋅5H2O to dryness
Explanation:
To dehydrated you have to get rid of the water and water evaporates so you have to evaporate the solution.
Procedure that could be used to convert the pentahydrate form to the dehydrated form is to evaporate a solution of CuSO₄⋅5H₂O to dryness.
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) form aqueous solutions of bright blue.
After the heating, dehydrated form copper(II) sulfate is formed.
Salt copper(II) sulfate has white color.
Adding a water in white copper(II) sulfate would make solution blue again.
Hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements.
M(CuSO₄·5H₂O) = 249.5 g/mol; molar mass of copper sulphate pentahydrate
Evaporation occurs when the molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to overcome the force of attraction of other molecules in the liquid phase.
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Please help me with this sheet on distillation, the circles require an explanation on what is happening. I have colour coded them to make it easier for you ♡
Answer:
Green: Heating & Evaporation
It is the solution which is to be distilled (separate water from the salt). Heat is applied at the flask and the solution boils hence producing vapour.
Yellow: Temperature measurements
At this point, the temperature of the vapor is measured by the thermometer. Here, discrimination occurs, when temperature is 100°C (Bpt. of water), then the temperature is made constant.
Pink: Ejection of warm water
This is the outlet on the lie big condensor of water which absorbs the temperature of the vapor. This water is released when vapor is undergoing condensation (turning into liquid)
Green: Insertion of cold water
Cold water is passed through the condensor so as to cool down the vapor into liquid
Red: Condensation
Along the tube, vapor is being cooled down and condensed into a liquid characteristic.
Purple: Water jacket (condenser)
This is the condenser tube through which cold water passes to cool down the vapor.
Blue: Distillate
The condensed vapor (water) is collected in a conical flask
Explanation:
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What change must made to the coefficients to balance this equation?
Answer:
C - switch the 3 and the 4
The way I did it is by rewriting the equation again but without the numbers and just balancing it myself
Calculate the molarity and molality of an hf solution made up of 11.0 g hf in 105.0 g of water. the density of the solution is 0.94 g/ml.
Molality and molarity are same = 5.23M
(a)Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution (in L)
Molarity = mass of solute / molecular weight of solute × volume of solution (in L)
Molarity = 11.0 / 20.01 × 0.105
5.23M = Molarity
(b) Molality = moles of solute / volume of solution (in kg)
Molality = mass of solute / molecular weight of solute × volume of solution (in kg)
Molality = 11.0 / 20.01 × 0.105
5.23M = Molality
Hence, both molality and molarity are same = 5.23M
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A scientist collected 6.29 g ch4 gas (methane) through fracking how many moles of methane were collected?
Moles = mass/molar mass
mass= 6.29 g.
molar mass = 16.04 g .
Moles of methane collected are = 6.29/16.04
= 0.39.
0.39 moles of methane gas was collected.
What is methane gas?Hydrocarbon methane (CH4) is a main constituent of natural gas. Because methane is a greenhouse gas (GHG), its presence in the atmosphere has an impact on the planet's climate and temperature. There are many anthropogenic (influenced by humans) and natural sources that release methane.
High methane levels may reduce the amount of oxygen breathed from the air. This can cause symptoms like headaches, face flushing, slurred speech, visual problems, memory loss, mood swings, and altered eyesight. In dire circumstances, it's possible to have changes in breathing and heart rate, balance problems, numbness, and unconsciousness.
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Which bonds rely on the attraction of positive and negative charges? select all that apply.
Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds rely on the attraction of positive and negative charges.
Which bonds rely on positive and negative charge attraction?As a result, a positively charged iron and a negatively charged ion are formed. The bond formed by these two ions is known as an ionic bond. A pair of atoms joined by a polar covalent bond: one atom has a slight positive charge and the other has a slight negative charge. Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons. The bond formed by the H of one water molecule and the O of another. A hydrogen bond is the bond between the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule.A covalent bond formed between two atoms with unequal electronegativities results in unequal electron sharing. Unequal electron sharing results in partially positive and partially negative charges at the bond's opposite ends.To learn more about Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds refer to
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Why do halogens not form positive atoms?
Answer:
Due to the fact that halogens have an outer shell made up of seven valence electrons, they frequently obtain an additional electron and a negative charge.
Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide
Answer:
sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide -> sodium sulfate + water
NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → Na₂SO₄ (aq) + H₂O
(″ロ゛) x
3. Carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide: C+ O₂ → CO₂. Calculate the mass of carbon required to produce
17.6 g of carbon dioxide. (Relative atomic masses: C = 12,0=16)
[4 marks]
mass of carbon
Answer :
?
the mass of carbon required to produce
17.6 g of carbon dioxide will be 6 gram.
The weighted average of the molecular masses of a material, measured on a scale where a carbon-12 atom has a mass of precisely 12 units, is the substance's relative molecular mass.The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12 is the value of a mole.An exothermic process occurs when carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon dioxide, which generates 394 kJ/mol of heat.In the reaction,
C+ O₂ → CO₂
Given,
The atomic mass of Carbon is 12g/mol
molar mass of O2 is 32g/mol
1 mole of C get reacted with 1 mole of O2.
no. of moles in O₂ = 16/32 = 0.5
so, 0.5 moles of Ow will react with 0.5 moles of C
Moleculer weight of Carbon is 12
Mass of carbon = 0.5 × 12 = 6 gm
Hence, mass of carbon required is 6 g.
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Draw the structure for 1,3-dinitrocyclopentane, making sure to add all non-zero formal charges
In the image provided below, you can see the structure of 1,3-dinitrocyclopentane.
We can conclude the following information from the compound's name, 1,3-dinitrocyclopentane, which will assist us in drawing the structure :-
1,3 - position of NO₂ groups, di - two, nitro - NO₂, clo - cyclic, pentane - five.
➤ The following are the general steps for drawing any compound's Lewis structure:
Calculate the number of carbons and hydrogens.Connect the carbons with one another.Add the hydrogens and check that each carbon has four bonds and thus meets the octet rule.According to the Octet Rule almost all atoms, in this case, carbon must always have four bonds because they are most stable with eight total electrons.
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A forensic scientist is attempting to identify a type of plastic found at a crime scene. What test could she conduct on the plastic to observe its chemical properties?
Break the plastic into pieces
Dissolve the plastic in water
Add acid to the plastic to see if it reacts
Observe the plastic under a microscope
The chemical properties could be obtained by adding acid to the plastic to see if it reacts.
What are chemical properties?Chemical properties are those properties that could only be observe when a substance undergoes chemical change. In this case, a chemical change could also be called a chemical reaction.
A substance could be said to undergo a chemical reaction if there is a rearrangement of the atoms of the compound. This would ultimately lead to the formation of a new substance.
Now the forensic scientist wants to know the chemical properties of the plastic. This could be done by reacting the plastic with acid.
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Answer:
The short answer is (C) Add acid to the plastic to see if it reacts
Explanation:
Got it right on my quiz.
Does NaCI have a high melting point
Answer:
Yes, at 801 °C
Explanation:
Chromium forms a body centered cubic unit cell. if the radius of a chromium atom is 125 pm, what is the density of chromium in g/cm3?
The density of chromium is 7.15 g/cm³.
There is three types of cubic cell:
1) simple cubic unit cell.
2) body-centered cubic unit cell.
3) face-centered cubic-unit cell.
In body-centered cubic unit cell there are two atoms in one cell.
m(Cr) = 52 amu; mass of chromium atom
r(Cr) = 125 pm; the radius of a chromium atom
V(Cr) = 4/3 × r³ × π
V(Cr) = 4/3 × (1.25×10⁻⁸cm)³ × 3.14
V(Cr) = 8.18×10⁻²⁴ cm³; the volume of chromium atom
d(Cr) = 52 / 8.18×10⁻²⁴ cm³ × 2 × 6.022×10²³
d(Cr) = 7.15 g/cm³; density of a chromium atom
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If I have an object with a density of 2.42 g/mL and a mass of 27 g, what is the volume, in mL ?
Sarah and evan are in the same science class. the teacher asks the class to design an experiment to determine the effect of acid rain on limestone. sarah designs an experiment which uses chalk and carbonic acid at a ph of 5.7, because she knows that chalk has the same chemical make-up as limestone and she knows that acid rain is primarily made up of carbonic acid at a ph around 5.7. evan designs an experiment which uses limestone tiles and acid rain collected from the environment. how do these experimental methods compare?
Sarah knows that chalk has the same chemical make-up as limestone and she knows that acid rain is primarily made up of carbonic acid at a ph around 5.7. So the correct option is (B) Sarah's materials are cheaper and easier to obtain, but Evan's materials will allow him to better mimic real life.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock mostly made of calcium carbonate (calcite) or calcium and magnesium double carbonates (dolomite). Small fossils, shell pieces, and other fossilised debris are frequently found in its composition.
Calcium oxide, which is derived from limestone, is used in the manufacture of steel, mining, paper, water treatment and purification, and plastics. Lime is extensively used in agriculture and the production of glass.
The biggest myth about limestone is that it's a delicate stone. Actually, limestone can be anything from extremely hard to soft. It should be selected keeping in mind the final design while paying close attention to its intended usage.
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The complete question is ''Sarah and Evan are in the same science class. The teacher asks the class to design an experiment to determine the effect of acid rain on limestone. Sarah designs an experiment which uses chalk and carbonic acid at a pH of 5.7, because she knows that chalk has the same chemical make-up as limestone and she knows that acid rain is primarily made up of carbonic acid at a pH around 5.7. Evan designs an experiment which uses limestone tiles and acid rain collected from the environment. How do these experimental methods compare?
A. Sarah's experimental results will be easier to predict. Evan's results will be impossible to predict since he uses real acid rain.
B. Sarah's materials are cheaper and easier to obtain, but Evan's materials will allow him to better mimic real life.
C. Evan's experimental design will prevent him from being able to form a logical conclusion, whereas a conclusion can be made with Sarah's design.
D. Evan's experiment can be preformed at any time, but Sarah's experiment can only be performed when there is a rainstorm.
A graduated cylinder which has been filled with 20. 00 ml of water. A solid object is added to the graduated cylinder and the water level rises to the 26. 40 ml. Calculate the mass (in grams) of the solid object which has a density of 3. 26 g/ml
The solid object that has a density of 3.26 g/ml has a mass equal to 20.864 g.
If the water level rises to 26.40 ml from an initial of 20.00 ml after a solid object is added, then the difference between the final and initial volume of water is the volume of the solid.
volume of solid = final volume - initial volume
volume of solid = 26.40 ml - 20.00 ml
volume of solid = 6.40 ml
If the solid object has a density of 3. 26 g/ml and a volume of 6.40 ml, using the formula for density, solve for its mass.
density = mass/volume
3. 26 g/ml = mass/6.40 ml
mass = 3. 26 g/ml(6.40 ml)
mass = 20.864 g
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