A scanning tunneling microscope is used to measure small changes in height of a surface by detecting changes in the tunneling current between the tip and the surface. The current is proportional to the tunneling coefficient (ie. I = const * T) which follows the general equation for tunneling through a square well , with C dependent on the molecule and L is the distance. The transmission coefficient at one point is T = 0.01, what is the relative current if the distance is increased from L to 5L? We are interested in I(5L)/I(L). (Note: there may be more information provided than you need to solve the problem.)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

[tex]\mathbf{\dfrac{I(5l)}{I(l) } =10^{-8}}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are being told that the current is proportional to the tunneling coefficient[tex]I(l) = I_0 e^{-2kl}[/tex] ;

where l = distance between the tip and the surface.

Let      [tex]I(l) = I_0 e^{-2kl}[/tex]        ------------  equation (1)

and     [tex]I(5l) = I_0 e^{-2k(5l)}[/tex]   ------------ equation (2)

Dividing equation (2) by (1); we have :

[tex]\dfrac{I(5l)}{I(l) } = \dfrac{I_0 e^{-2k(5l)}}{ I_0 e^{-2kl}}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{I(5l)}{I(l) } =e^{-2k(5-1)l}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{I(5l)}{I(l) } =(e^{-2kl})^4[/tex]

where ;

[tex](e^{-2kl})[/tex] represents the transmission coefficient T = 0.01

Thus; replacing the value for 0.01;we have;

[tex]\dfrac{I(5l)}{I(l) } =0.01^4[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{\dfrac{I(5l)}{I(l) } =10^{-8}}[/tex]


Related Questions

state two factors that affect the turning effect of force

Answers

Answer:The first is the magnitude of the force applied on the body and the second is the perpendicular distance from the line of action of force and the axis of rotation of the body.

Explanation:

You get in your car to drive to school at 7:33 am and drive 10 miles north at a constant speed until 7:45
am, when you realize you left your homework on the kitchen table. You turn around and drive 10 miles
south back to your house and retrieve your homework at 8:00 am. You get back in the car and drive 15
miles north to school at a constant speed arriving at school at 8:29 am sharp, just in time to make it
before the bell rings.
e

Answers

Answer:

5.) 16.8 m/s

6.) 16.1 mph

7.) Moving fast.

Explanation:

5.) From the question, the total time will be:

7:33 am to 7:45 am = 12 minutes

As the car turns around,

7 : 45 am to 8 : 00am = 15 minutes

As you get back in the car and drive 15

miles north to school at a constant speed arriving at school at 8:29 am

8:00am to 8:29 am = 29 minutes

Total time = 12 + 15 + 29 = 56 minutes

Convert the minutes to second by multiplying the result by 60

Total time = 56 × 60 = 3360 seconds

Total distance covered will be

10 miles + 10 miles + 15 miles = 35 miles

Convert mile to meter by multiplying the result by 1609.344

35 × 1609.344 = 56327.04

Speed is a scale quantity. It only involves magnitude but no direction.

Average speed = total distance/total time

Average speed = 56327.04/3360

Average speed = 16.764 m/s

6.) Velocity = displacement/time

Velocity is a vector quantity. We will consider both the magnitude and direction

Total displacement = 10 miles - 10 miles + 15 miles = 15 miles.

Total time = 56 minutes

Convert minutes to hours by dividing it by 60

Total time = 56/60 = 0.93 hours

Substitute the time and displacement into the formula

Velocity = 15/0.93 = 16.07 mph

7.) . If you looked at your speedometer on your drive to school and it read 30mph, this value describes you move with a fast speed.

Why will a delivery truck filled with birds sitting on its floor be heavier than a truck with the same birds flying around inside.

Answers

The reason why a delivery truck filled with birds sitting on the floor be heavier than a truck with the same birds flying around is because when the birds are sitting on the floor, they are adding their weight to the truck.

Meanwhile, if the birds are flying around they aren't resting on the truck or touching it, so therefore their weight wouldn't be added to the truck.

The mass of the truck will remain the same as you cannot change the mass but the weight will vary depending on the items and objects placed in it.

what activities belong at the top of the physical activity pyramid

Answers

Answer: Cut down on watching tv, sitting down for more than 30 minutes at a time, and playing video games.

Explanation:

Please explain it’s in the photo

Answers

Answer:

Since air resistance actually stops vehicles and goes in a vector opposite to the direction of the vehicle and slows it down. Vehicles would want to make vehicles aerodynamic. Many cars bump into air molecules therefore making air resistance. Aerodynamic cars will lesser the allowance of bumping into said molecules. Thats why cars like to cut down on air resistance

Air resistance is friction.  

-- Friction steals kinetic energy.

-- A car gets kinetic energy by burning gasoline, and uses the kinetic energy to get where it needs to go.  

-- If anything steals the car's kinetic energy, then the car has to burn more gasoline to get where it needs to go.

-- Gasoline costs money.

-- Anything that steals a car's kinetic energy costs you more money to operate the car.

(Another thing that takes kinetic energy away from the car is the car's brakes. The driver uses the brakes when he WANTS to slow down or stop, so it's not stealing, but it still costs kinetic energy and money.)

Which quantity Has the same unit as potential difference

Answers

Answer:

Voltage.

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP!!!!!
When describing image formation for plane mirrors, what is an important rule
to remember about light rays?

Answers

Answer: The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual (meaning that the light rays do not come from the image), upright and of the same shape and size as the object it is reflecting.

Answer: B. The angle when it leaves is the same as the angle when it hits

Explanation:

Apex

write the different between the fall of a parachute on earth and its fall on the moon?on what condition does a body have free fall?

Answers

Answer:

Shown from explanation

Explanation:

You have heard that expression what ever goes up must come down that's usually used to mean when you throw an object up, it comes down on its accord. This is due to a force on the earth that occurs in nature known as gravity.

So when an object falls under this influence it's said to fall freely.

Note not all heavenly bodies have gravitational pull, from experience by scientists who went to the moon they found out whatever goes up keeps flying endlessly so in that case an external force is needed to keep objects in the moon on ground level.

Hence the parachute falls on earth freely without an external force but on the moon it must fall with an external force inputed on the parachute system.

This means in the earth we have free fall but in the moon no such thing exist. So a body falls freely when there is gravity.

Which of these would not improve accuracy? 

A)Taking a bigger sample size

B)Using a bigger range of the independent variable

C)Using measuring instruments that can read to a greater number of decimal places

D)Remove anomalies​

Answers

I think it’s D, mostly just because all the other ones seem like they couldn’t be the answer.
It’s not D, it’s B. Using a bigger range would mean there’s a greater expanse of answers, not a precise, accurate reading. Removing anamalies would make it more accurate- they’re results that don’t fit the pattern, so removing them would make the results even more results. Therefore, the answer is B. Hope this helps!

what is web browser​

Answers

Answer:

A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web

Answer:

web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays the page on the screen.

Explanation:

A ramp is a simple machine called the
a. wedge
b. pulley
c. inclined plane
d. lever

Answers

Answer:

Inclined Plane is the answer

Answer:

Inclined plane

Explanation:

It is called Inclined plane since it is a flat surface at an angle.

4 answers. Anyone know?​

Answers

Answer:

lift

weight

thrust

air resistance

Explanation:

plz mark me as brainliest

Answer: Upthrust, lift, air resistance,  and thrust

Explanation:

All of these 4 elements are taken into account during the design and creation of a plane.

I NEED ANSWER RN OR ILL BE DED

Answers

Answer:

i) O m/s² as velocity is constant

ii) 20m/s

iii)Hint:Calculate the area of the graph,that is;below the line, for the first 15 seconds only

Hope this helps.

A 31.7 kg kid, initially at rest, slides
down a frictionless water slide at 53.2º.
How fast is she moving 3.45 s later?

Answers

Answer:

34.55m/s

Explanation:

Now from Newton's law of motion;

V= U+ a×t

V- final velocity

U- initial velocity = 0m/s

a- acceleration

t- time

Note that a = g/cos53.2°

Now g is acceleration of free fall due to gravity

This is a vertical acceleration since the course of motion is along a plane inclined at 53.2° to the height of the pool.

Also from trigonometry identity

cos 53.2°= vertical component a/ acceleration ( cos a = adjacent/hypothenus)

If we assume g = 9.8m/S2 { a generally given value}

Substituting t = 3.45s as the time of consideration, we have;

V = 0 + (9.8/cos53.2°)×3.45

= -34.55m/s

Note the -ve sign is just telling us this velocity is causing the object to move down.

Hence V = 34.55m/s

Answer:

27.07 m/s

Explanation:

this is the right answer

Which of these objects has the largest volume?

Answers

Answer:

The balloon

Explanation:

Since there are 100 cm or 1000 mm in a meter, you can rewrite the dimensions in the following way:

A cube of metal with a volume of 10,000 mm^3

A spherical balloon with a volume of 50,000,000 mm^3

A sample of water with a volume of 1,000 mm^3

Therefore, the balloon clearly has the most volume. Hope this helps!

Answer:

spherical baloon

Explanation:

change all the measurements to be one I.e convert the m³ and mm³ to cm³

2)1m³=1000000cm³ what about 0.05m³

balloon =50000cm³

3)1cm3=1000mm³

water=1cm³

1)cube=10cm³ so which is the greatest

=spherical baloon

A car has a kinetic energy of 1.9 × 103 joules. If the velocity of the car is decreased by half, what is its kinetic energy?

Answers

Answer:

475 J

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is calculated by one half of the product of mass and velocity squared or expressed as:

KE = 1/2 (mv²)

We calculate as follows:

KE1 = 1/2 (mv²) = 1.9 * 10^3 joules

KE2 = 1/2 (m(v/2)²) = 1/2 (mv²/4)

KE2 =  1.9 * 10^3 joules / 4 = 475 J

would iron and carbon from metallic bonds

Answers

Answer:

NO

Explanation:

Since iron is a metal and carbon is a non- metal, they cannot form a metallic bond.

1. How many digits does the frog have on each of its forelegs and how many on each of its

hind legs?

Answers

Answer:

A frog has four digits on its fore legs

A frog has five digits on its hind legs

Explanation:

Biologically, digits refer to the fingers and toes of animals (mostly vertebrates).

A frog is known to have only four digits on its fore limbs (which are not webbed). They usually use this for steering themselves in the water.

A frog also has five digits on each of its hind legs. These are webbed, and are used for swimming in water.

An injured monkey sits perched on a tree branch 9 m above the ground, while a wildlife veterinarian is kneeling down in the bushes 90.0 m away attempting to subdue the monkey with a tranquilizer gun. The vet knows that the moment the gun fires, the monkey will be frightened and fall down from the branch. At what angle up from the ground must the veterinarian aim the gun so that the tranquilizer dart will hit the falling monkey? Given the angle, what is minimum speed at which the tranquilizer dart must leave the gun to still hit the monkey?

Answers

Answer:

The hunter should aim directly at the perched monkey because the tranquilizer dart will fall away from the line sight at the same rate that the monkey falls from its perch.

Tan theta = 9 / 90 = .1      so theta = 5.71 deg

The time for the monkey to reach the ground is

t = (2 h / g)^1/2 = (18 / 9.8)^1/2 = 1.36 sec

So the horizontal speed of the dart must be at least

Vx = 90 m / 1.36 sec = 66.4 m/s

Vx = V cos theta

V = 66.4 m/s / cos 5.71 = 66.7 m/s

The angle of projection of the tranquilizer dart is 5.7⁰

The horizontal speed of the tranquilizer dart is 66.5 m/s

The given parameters;

vertical position of the monkey, y = 9 mhorizontal position of the veterinarian, x = 90

The angle of projection of the tranquilizer dart is calculated as;

[tex]tan(\theta) = \frac{y}{x} \\\\tan(\theta) = \frac{9}{90} \\\\tan(\theta) = 0.1\\\\\theta = tan^{-1}(0.1)\\\\\theta = 5.71 ^0[/tex]

The speed of the tranquilizer dart is calculated as;

X = v₀ₓt

where;

t is the time to reach maximum height

X is the horizontal displacement = 90 m

The time to reach maximum height is calculated as;

[tex]h = v_0_yt + \frac{1}{2} gt^2\\\\h = 0 + \frac{1}{2} gt^2\\\\h = \frac{1}{2} gt^2\\\\t = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g} } \\\\t = \sqrt{\frac{2\times 9}{9.8} } \\\\t = 1.36 \ s[/tex]

The horizontal speed of the tranquilizer dart is calculated as;

[tex]X = v_0cos(\theta) \times t\\\\90 = v_0\times cos(5.71) \times 1.36\\\\90 = 1.353 v_0\\\\v_0= \frac{90}{1.353} \\\\v_0 = 66.5 \ m/s[/tex]

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tree
5. A carge pinnore camera has a magnification of 0.050 for a
located 5.on from the camera. Klhat is the size of the image
screen?
son
the
Solution​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Size of the image: 2 cmIn order to calculate the size of the image, we can use the following proportion:wherep = 80 m is the distance of the tree from the pinholeq = 20 cm = 0.2 m is the distance of the image from the pinhole = 8 m is the heigth of the object is the height of the imageBy re-arranging the proportion, we find2) Magnification: 0.0025The magnification of a camera is given by the ratio between the size of the image and the size of the real object:so, in this problem we have

What is the wavelength of a 1.28 x 10^17 Hz wave?

Answers

Answer:

The wavelength of the wave is 2.34 nm.

Explanation:

It is required to find the wavelength of a [tex]1.28\times 10^{17}\ Hz[/tex] wave. A wave moves with a speed of light. Speed of a wave is given in terms of wavelength and frequency. So,

[tex]v=f\lambda[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=\dfrac{c}{f}\\\\\lambda=\dfrac{3\times 10^8}{1.28\times 10^{17}}\\\\\lambda=2.34\times 10^{-9}\ m\\\\\text{or}\\\\\lambda=2.34\ nm[/tex]

So, the wavelength of the wave is 2.34 nm.

The wavelength of the wave is 2.34 × 10⁻⁹ meters.

Given the data in the question;

Frequency; [tex]f = 1.28*10^{17}Hz[/tex]

Wavelength; [tex]\lambda =\ ?[/tex]

To determine the wavelength of the wave, we use the expression for the relations between wavelength, frequency and speed of light.

[tex]\lambda = \frac{c}{f}[/tex]

Where [tex]\lambda[/tex] is wavelength, f is frequency and c is speed of light ( [tex]3*10^8m/s[/tex] )

We substitute our values into the equation

[tex]\lambda = \frac{3*10^8m/s}{1.28*10^{17}Hz} \\\\\lambda = \frac{3*10^8m/s}{1.28*10^{17}s^{-1}} \\\\\lambda = 2.34 * 10^{-9}m[/tex]

Therefore, the wavelength of the wave is 2.34 × 10⁻⁹ meters.

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An object is placed at 1.5 m from a convex lens with a focal length of 1.0 m.
a. Use the thin lens equation to determine the image distance from the lens.
b. If the object height is 2.0 m, what is the image height?
c. Is the image real or virtual? Is the image inverted or upright?​

Answers

A. Use the thin lens equation to determine the image distance from the lens. Is the correct answer because I have no idea why

What happens when a sound wave passes from water into air

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Sounds travel faster in object having high density proportion or matter. This is because particles vibrates and causing the other particle near to as well vibrate. Hence, when sound is moving from a higher dense medium like Water, the rate of traveling is high compare to it moving in air with less dense.

The gravitational force between two students sitting beside each other on Earth is

Answers

Answer:

Fgrav. = GM1×M2/R2

Explanation:

Gravitational force is mostly related

to planetary bodies by Newton's law of gravitation which states that the gravitional force is proportional to the product of the mass of the object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Hence in this case the Gravitational force,

Fgrav. = GM1×M2/R2

M1 and M2 are the mass of the two students and R is their distance apart

G is a constant known as gravitational constant.6.67408 × 10-11 m3/kgs2

Which statements best describe X-rays?

Answers

Answer:x rays are electromagnetic waves.

x rays are transverse waves

x rays travel at the speed of light

Explanation:

would iron and carbon form metallic bonds

Answers

Answer:

NO.

Explanation:

METALLIC BOND IS ONLY IN METALS.

Since iron is a metal and carbon a non- metal, they cannot form a metallic bond.

explain why atmospheric pressure decreases towards higher altitudes

Answers

Answer:

At higher elevations, there are fewer air molecules above a given surface than a similar surface at lower levels. ... Since most of the atmosphere's molecules are held close to the earth's surface by the force of gravity, air pressure decreases rapidly at first, then more slowly at higher levels.

Explanation:

happy to help:)

Please LOTS OF POINTS. WILL MARK BRAINLIEST


Calculate the Resulting movement using the formula:
Perpendicular distance x Force

Answers

1]F1*D1=F2*D2

10N×2m=5N*3m

20N=15Nm

The seesaw will turn anti clock wise.

2]

F1*D1=F2*D2

3N*4m=2N*6m

12Nm=12Nm

It will neither rotate toward anti clock wise nor clock wise

the fireball___ ___when moving___​

Answers

Answer:

the fireball flamed dangerously when moving quickly

Explanation:

im prbly wrong idk

can someone put these in the right order please

Answers

seven . one , five , six , fourth , three, two ,
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