The inductance of the given solenoid is 2.10 H.
Given that, the length of the solenoid, l = 39.5 cm
The radius of the solenoid, r = 6.22 cm
Total number of loops in the solenoid, N = 13,209
The formula used to calculate the inductance of the solenoid is, L = μ0N²πr²/lWhere,μ0 = 4π×10⁻⁷ H/m is the permeability of free space.
Substitute the given values in the formula, L = 4π×10⁻⁷ × (13,209)² × π × (6.22×10⁻²)²/39.5L = 2.10H
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the spiral groove around the shaft of a screw is called
The spiral groove around the shaft of a screw is called the helical thread.
The spiral groove around the shaft of a screw is called the helical thread. It is a spiral-shaped groove that wraps around the shaft of the screw. The helical thread is an essential feature of screws and is what allows them to fasten objects together or lift objects.
The helical thread is designed to create a mechanical advantage. When the screw is turned, the helical thread moves forward, allowing the screw to drive into a material and hold it securely. The pitch of the helical thread determines how fast the screw moves forward when turned.
The helical thread is what distinguishes screws from other types of fasteners. It provides a reliable and efficient way to join materials together or create mechanical systems that require rotational motion.
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The spiral groove around the shaft of a screw is called the screw thread. It is a helical ridge or linear groove that winds around the axis of the screw and is utilized in many different machines. There are different types of screw threads, including square threads, buttress threads, and acme threads.
The screw thread's shape is determined by the screw's purpose and design. Long answer:In mechanical devices, screws are used to fasten objects together, create linear motion, and alter force or torque. Screw threads come in a variety of shapes and sizes to meet the needs of a wide range of applications. A screw's thread is a helical ridge or linear groove that winds around the screw's axis. A screw thread can be made by cutting, rolling, or grinding.
Square threads are used for fastening heavy objects because they have a large contact surface and are very strong. Acme threads are used for high-speed power transmission because they are more efficient. Buttress threads are used for applications that require high axial force because they have a large contact surface area. The screw thread is an essential component of many machines and devices.
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P - [¹ - (-/-)]·. 1 For a NaCl-like ionic crystal, a = 1.7476 is the Madelung constant, When ions of an ionic crystal are at the equilibrium separation ro, the total potential energy has a minimum value determined by U(r = ro) = го 0 ro = 0.261 nm, and U(r) = 771 kJ/mol is the dissociation energy. For this crystal, determine the constant p (in pm) which is regarded as the repulsive force range parameter. X 216.3 How can we determine the dissociation energy per ion pair from the dissociation energy given? How can we obtain an expression for the parameter p from the expression provided for the potential energy when the ion spacing is the equilibrium value? Check all values and your calculation. pm Practice Another When ions of an ionic crystal are at the equilibrium separation, the total potential energy has a minimum value determined by U(ro)-- -0.273 nm, and U(r) -765 kJ/mol is the dissociation energy. For this crystal, determine the constant (in pm) which is regarded as the repulsive force range parameter.
The constant p, which represents the repulsive force range parameter, is approximately 216.3 pm.
In an ionic crystal, the total potential energy between ions is determined by the equilibrium separation ro and the dissociation energy U(r). The equilibrium separation is denoted as ro and has a value of 0.261 nm. The dissociation energy is represented by U(r) and is equal to 771 kJ/mol.
To determine the constant p, we can use the given equation U(ro) = γo / ro, where γo is a constant. Substituting the values, we have:
771 kJ/mol = γo / 0.261 nm
To convert nm to pm, we multiply by 10:
771 kJ/mol = γo / (0.261 nm) * 10 = γo / 2.61 pm
Now, we can solve for γo:
γo = 771 kJ/mol * 2.61 pm = 2015.31 kJ·pm/mol
Therefore, the constant p, which represents the repulsive force range parameter, is approximately 216.3 pm.
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A sample of neon gas ( Ne, molar mass M=20.2 g/mol ) at a temperature of 11.0°C is put into a steel container of mass 44.9 g that's at a temperature of −43.0°C. The final temperature is −15.0°C. (No heat is exchanged with the surroundings, and you can neglect any change in the volume of the container.) What is the mass of the sample of neon (in g).
_____g
A Carnot heat pump operates between 3°C and 15°C. How much heat is exhausted (in J) into the interior of a house for every 1.0 J of work done by the pump.
_______J
The problem involves calculating the mass of a neon gas sample and the heat exhausted into a house using the first law of thermodynamics. The mass of the neon is 0.241 g, and heat is exhausted into the interior of the house at a rate of 0.9583 J for every 1.0 J of work performed by the pump.
Given, The molar mass of neon, M = 20.2 g/mol, The initial temperature of neon gas, [tex]T_1[/tex] = 11.0°C, The temperature of the steel container, [tex]T_2[/tex] = −43.0°C, The final temperature, [tex]T_3[/tex] = −15.0°C. Assuming the container is completely insulated and no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, then according to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in the internal energy of neon gas will be equal to the negative of the change in the internal energy of the container.Unequal heat capacities, For neon gas, the change in internal energy is given by: [tex]\Delta U_1 = nCv(T_3 - T_1)[/tex], where n is the number of moles of neon gas, and Cv is the molar heat capacity of neon at constant volume. For steel containers, the change in internal energy is given by: [tex]\Delta U_2 = msC(T_3 - T_2)[/tex], where ms is the mass of the steel container, C is the specific heat capacity of steel, and [tex]T_3 - T_2[/tex] is the change in temperature of the container.Assuming the container is rigid and no change in volume, then we can write: [tex]\Delta U_1 = -\Delta U_2[/tex]. So,[tex]nCv(T_3 - T_1) = -msC(T_3 - T_2)[/tex] Or,[tex]m = ms = nCv (T_3 - T_1) / C(T_3 - T_2)[/tex]. Substituting the given values,m = 44.9 g = (1 mol x 20.2 g/mol x 7.0 / 10.0) / (0.45 J/g.K x 28.0). Therefore, m = 0.241 gThe mass of the sample of neon is 0.241 g. A Carnot heat pump operates between 3°C and 15°C. The difference in temperature of the heat pump is ΔT = 15 - 3 = 12 °C. The efficiency of the heat pump, [tex]e = 1 - T_2/T_1[/tex], where [tex]T_1[/tex] = 273 + 15 = 288 K and [tex]T_2[/tex] = 273 + 3 = 276 KTherefore, e = 1 - 276/288 = 0.0417. The heat exhausted into the interior of the house, [tex]Q_2 = eQ_1[/tex], where [tex]Q_1[/tex] is the work done by the pump. The work done by the pump, [tex]W = Q_1 - Q_2[/tex], where [tex]Q_2 = eQ_1[/tex]. Therefore, [tex]W = Q_1 - eQ_1 = Q_1(1 - e) = 1 J (1 - 0.0417) = 0.9583 J[/tex]. Thus, for every 1.0 J of work done by the pump, 0.9583 J of heat is exhausted into the interior of the house.For more questions on thermodynamics
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
What types of energy are involved in a chemical reaction?
()is the energy required for a chemical reaction to take place, and()
is the energy associated with every substance.
"Activation energy" and "Chemical potential energy" are the types of energy are involved in a chemical reaction.
In a chemical reaction, various forms of energy are involved. The two types of energy mentioned in the question are:
Activation energy: This is the energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. It is the minimum amount of energy that reactant molecules must possess in order to undergo a reaction and form products. The activation energy is necessary to break the existing chemical bonds in the reactants, allowing new bonds to form and resulting in the formation of products.Chemical potential energy: This is the energy associated with the chemical substances themselves. Chemical potential energy is stored within the chemical bonds of molecules and compounds. During a chemical reaction, this energy can be released or absorbed as bonds are broken and formed.These two types of energy, activation energy and chemical potential energy, play essential roles in chemical reactions. The activation energy determines the feasibility of a reaction, while the chemical potential energy is related to the energy stored within the reactants and products.
In summary, the correct answers are:
Activation energy is the energy required for a chemical reaction to take place.Chemical potential energy is the energy associated with every substance.For more such questions on chemical reaction, click on:
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A circular pan of liquid with density rho is centered on a horizontal turntable rotating with angular
speed ω, as shown in the figure to the right. At atmospheric pressure is P0. Find expressions for
(a) the pressure at the bottom of the pan and
(b) the height of the liquid surface as functions of the distance r from the axis, given that the height at the center is h0.
The expression for the height of the liquid surface as a function of the distance r from the axis is:h = h0 + r²ω²/2g
A circular pan of liquid with density ρ is centered on a horizontal turntable rotating with angular speed ω. The pressure at the bottom of the pan and the height of the liquid surface as functions of the distance r from the axis are given below: a) Pressure at the bottom of the pan:
Pressure at the bottom of the pan will be equal to the atmospheric pressure P0 plus the pressure due to the centrifugal force acting on the liquid in the pan, which is given as: Centrifugal force per unit volume = ρrω²
Where, r is the radial distance from the axis of rotation. So, the pressure at the bottom of the pan is: Pb = P0 + ρrω²Thus, the expression for the pressure at the bottom of the pan is Pb = P0 + ρrω².b) Height of the liquid surface:
Let the height of the liquid surface at a distance r from the axis be h. Then, the centrifugal force on a cylindrical shell of thickness dh and radius r is given as: Centrifugal force = 2πrhdhρrω²The weight of the liquid in the shell is given as:
dW = 2πrhgdhρWhere g is the acceleration due to gravity. The equilibrium condition is given by:
dW = Centrifugal force2πrhgdhρ = 2πrhdhρrω²g = rω²
Therefore, the expression for the height of the liquid surface as a function of the distance r from the axis is: h = h0 + r²ω²/2gThe above formula shows that the height of the liquid surface increases as we move away from the axis of rotation.
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(b) A three phase, Y-connected, 440 V, 1420 rpm, 50 Hz, 4 pole wound rotor induction motor has the following parameters at per phase value:
RI = 0.22 Ω
R2 = 0.18 Ω
XI = 0.45 Ω
X'2 = 0.45 Ω
Xm = 27 Ω
The rotational losses are 1600 watts, and the rotor terminal is short circuited.
(iii) Calculate the full load current.
The rotational losses are 1600 wars, and the rotor terminals short circuited
i) Determine the starting current when the motor is on full loud voltage.
ii) Calculate the starting torque
iii) Calculate the full load curent
(iv) Expess the ratio of starting current to full load current
(v) Choose the suitable control method for the given motor. Justify your answer.
The starting current of an induction motor is 6237 A. The starting torque of an induction motor is 53300 N-m. The full load current of an induction motor is 227 A. The ratio of starting current to full load current is 27.5. The star-delta starter is a simple and effective way to control the starting current of an induction motor.
(i) Determine the starting current when the motor is on full load voltage.
The starting current of an induction motor is given by the following formula:
I_start = (2 * V * X_m) / R_s
where:
V is the supply voltage
X_m is the magnetizing reactance
R_s is the stator resistance
In this case, the supply voltage is 440 V, the magnetizing reactance is 27 Ω, and the stator resistance is 0.22 Ω. So, the starting current is:
I_start = (2 * 440 * 27) / 0.22 = 6237 A
(ii) Calculate the starting torque
The starting torque of an induction motor is given by the following formula:
T_start = (3 * I_start * S * X_m) / (R_s + R_2)
where:
S is the slip
R_2 is the rotor resistance
In this case, the slip is 1 at startup. So, the starting torque is:
T_start = (3 * 6237 * 1 * 27) / (0.22 + 0.18) = 53300 N-m
(iii) Calculate the full load current
The full load current of an induction motor is given by the following formula:
I_full = (P_rated / V * pf)
where:
P_rated is the rated power
pf is the power factor
In this case, the rated power is 10 kW and the power factor is 0.8. So, the full load current is:
I_full = (10000 / 440 * 0.8) = 227 A
(iv) Express the ratio of starting current to full load current
The ratio of starting current to full load current is:
I_start / I_full = 6237 / 227 = 27.5
(v) Choose the suitable control method for the given motor. Justify your answer.
The suitable control method for the given motor is a star-delta starter. This is because the star-delta starter limits the starting current to a safe value, while still providing enough torque to start the motor.
The star-delta starter works by connecting the motor stator windings in star configuration at startup. This reduces the voltage applied to the windings, which limits the starting current. Once the motor is up to speed, the stator windings are switched to delta configuration, which increases the voltage and provides more torque.
The star-delta starter is a simple and effective way to control the starting current of an induction motor. It is also relatively inexpensive, making it a cost-effective solution.
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1. What is the electrical isolation method for the input circuit and output circuit of the switching power supply?
2. Is the control circuit of the switching power supply positive feedback control or negative feedback control?
3. Is SG3525 a voltage mode or current mode switching power supply integrated PWM-controller?
4. What is the mainly difference between UC1842 / UC2842 / UC3842?
solve these 4 questions
1. The method used for electrical isolation of input and output circuits of switching power supply is called as isolation transformer. It uses transformer to separate the input circuit from the output circuit. This is done to avoid the transmission of high voltage spikes from the power input to the output.
2. The control circuit of switching power supply uses negative feedback control. The negative feedback helps to maintain the output voltage in a fixed range by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch based on the output voltage.
3. The SG3525 is a voltage mode switching power supply integrated PWM-controller.
4. The main difference between UC1842, UC2842 and UC3842 are as follows:UC1842 - It is a fixed frequency current mode PWM controllerUC2842 - It is an adjustable frequency current mode PWM controller UC3842 - It is a fixed frequency current mode PWM controller
The UC2842 has the ability to generate a variable frequency which is not present in the UC1842. Similarly, the UC3842 does not have the capability to generate variable frequency.
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Consider the system
G(s): K/s(s+ 1)(8 + 3) in the negative unity feedback loop.
For K = 1, sketch the Bode (magnitude and phase) plot of G(s).
Indicate the gain crossover frequency and phase crossover frequency in the Bode plots.
Gain crossover frequency = f1 ≈ 1 rad/s
Phase crossover frequency = f2 ≈ 3 rad/s
Given System is:
G(s) = K/s(s+1)(8+s)
We need to draw the Bode plot for the above transfer function, and we are required to find the gain crossover frequency and phase crossover frequency from the Bode plot.
Bode Plot of G(s):
Since K = 1
Therefore,G(s) = 1/s(s+1)(8+s)
Magnitude Plot of G(s)
Hence,
|G(s)| = 20 log|G(s)|dB
= 20 log (1) – 20 log|s| – 20 log|(s+1)| – 20 log|(8+s)|dB
= -20 log|s| - 20 log|s+1| - 20 log|s+8| dB
Phase Plot of G(s)
The phase of G(s) for s > 0 is given as,
∠G(s) = ∠1 - ∠s - ∠(s+1) - ∠(s+8)
For s < 0, phase changes by 180°
Hence,
∠G(s) = -180° - ∠1 - ∠s - ∠(s+1) - ∠(s+8)
The Bode plots are shown below:
On analyzing the magnitude plot, the gain crossover frequency is
f1 ≈ 1 rad/s and the phase crossover frequency is
f2 ≈ 3 rad/s.
Answer:Gain crossover frequency = f1 ≈ 1 rad/s
Phase crossover frequency = f2 ≈ 3 rad/s
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If photons have a frequency of 1.039x1015 s-1, what wavelength, in nm, does this correspond to? Note: Do not use scientific notation or units in your response. Sig figs will not be graded in this question, enter your response to four decimal places. Carmen may add or remove digits from your response, your submission will still be graded correctly if this happens.
The wavelength corresponding to photons with a frequency of 1.039x1015 s-1 is approximately 289.44 nm.
To find the wavelength corresponding to a given frequency, we can use the formula: wavelength = speed of light/frequency. The speed of light is approximately 3x10^8 m/s. We need to convert the frequency from s-1 to Hz, so 1.039x10^15 s-1 is equivalent to 1.039x10^15 Hz.
Plugging these values into the formula, we have wavelength = (3x10^8 m/s) / (1.039x10^15 Hz). Simplifying the expression, we find the wavelength to be approximately 2.89x10^-7 m. To convert this value to nanometers (nm), we multiply by 10^9, resulting in approximately 289.44 nm.
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(Convection) Because the friction coefficient is known, the convection coefficient can be determined using the Chilton-Colburn Analogy. Once h is known, the heat transfer rate can be determined from Newton's Law of Cooling. HW 19As a means of preventing ice formation on the wings of a small, private aircraft, it is proposed that electric resistance heating elements be installed within the wings. To determine representative power requirements, consider nominal flight conditions for which the plane moves at 100 m/s in air that is at a temperature of -23 C. If the characteristic length of airfoil is L = 2m and the wind tunnel measurements indicate an average friction coefficient of _______ for the nominal conditions, *what is the average heat flux needed to maintain a surface temperature of _______*
The electron configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of electrons in the energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus. It provides information about the distribution of electrons in an atom and is based on the Aufbau principle. The electron configuration is written using a notation that includes the energy level, sublevel, and the number of electrons in that sublevel.
The electron configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of electrons in the energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus. Electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells, and each energy level can hold a certain number of electrons. The electron configuration provides information about the distribution of electrons in an atom, including the number of electrons in each energy level and the arrangement of electrons within each level.
The electron configuration is based on the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill the lowest energy levels first before moving to higher energy levels. The energy levels are labeled as 1, 2, 3, and so on, with the first energy level closest to the nucleus. Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons: the first level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the second level can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, the third level can hold a maximum of 18 electrons, and so on.
Within each energy level, there are sublevels or orbitals. The sublevels are labeled as s, p, d, and f. The s sublevel can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the p sublevel can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, the d sublevel can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, and the f sublevel can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.
The electron configuration is written using a notation that includes the energy level, sublevel, and the number of electrons in that sublevel. For example, the electron configuration of carbon (atomic number 6) is 1s2 2s2 2p2. This means that carbon has 2 electrons in the 1s sublevel, 2 electrons in the 2s sublevel, and 2 electrons in the 2p sublevel.
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Describe how displacement can be measured using sensor where the displacement variation is converted as change in electrostatic potential variation. Explain with a neat sketch.
Displacement measurement is the evaluation of the variations in the position of a single or many elements, relative to a reference plane. These measurements can be made utilizing a variety of sensors that convert displacement into a varying electrical signal, which can be amplified, filtered, and analyzed to determine position and motion. The piezoelectric sensor is a transducer that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. It can be used for displacement measurement.
A piezoelectric sensor generates a voltage proportional to the force applied to it, allowing it to be used to measure displacements. The piezoelectric sensor can be used as a sensor for measuring the displacement. It works on the principle of piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect can be explained as when a mechanical stress is applied to a crystal, it generates a voltage across the crystal that is proportional to the mechanical stress applied to the crystal. When the stress is released, the voltage disappears. Piezoelectric materials generate a voltage when a mechanical stress is applied to them due to the redistribution of electrons in the crystal structure. The voltage generated by the piezoelectric sensor can be used to measure the displacement.To measure displacement using a piezoelectric sensor, the sensor is attached to the object whose displacement is to be measured. When the object moves, the sensor generates a voltage that is proportional to the displacement. The voltage generated by the sensor is then converted into a displacement measurement by using a formula. The formula for converting the voltage generated by the sensor into displacement measurement depends on the properties of the sensor, the calibration of the sensor, and the type of measurement being made.
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2. Use delta to wye resistance. transformation to find the total Also, determine the total current. 100 V (+ 2002 N 40 M 1965 120V I₁ 50 3.0 100 92 M- W Io 302 10 N 270 3.Reduce the circuit to a single loop network using source transformation then find lo. N62 $452 N 82 182 4022 3A
The total resistance in the circuit is 144Ω, and the total current is approximately 0.694A.
To find the total resistance and total current in the given circuit, let's break down the steps:
1. Delta to Wye Transformation:
- Identify the resistors in the delta configuration: 200Ω, 40Ω, and 120Ω.
- Apply the delta to wye transformation to convert the resistors into a wye configuration:
- R₁ = (Rb * Rc) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) = (40 * 120) / (200 + 40 + 120) = 16Ω
- R₂ = (Ra * Rc) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) = (200 * 120) / (200 + 40 + 120) = 96Ω
- R₃ = (Ra * Rb) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) = (200 * 40) / (200 + 40 + 120) = 32Ω
- Replace the delta configuration with the wye configuration using the calculated values: R₁ = 16Ω, R₂ = 96Ω, R₃ = 32Ω.
2. Total Resistance Calculation:
- The total resistance (RT) in the circuit is the sum of the individual resistances:
- RT = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ = 16Ω + 96Ω + 32Ω = 144Ω.
3. Total Current Calculation:
- The total current (I) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: I = V / RT, where V is the voltage across the circuit.
- Given that the voltage (V) is 100V, the total current (I) is: I = 100V / 144Ω = 0.694A.
Therefore, the total resistance in the circuit is 144Ω, and the total current is approximately 0.694A.
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A solid simply supported beam is loaded with a concentrated load at the top center. The support is assumed to be rigid. Geometry: 2" ×1"×10
"
(depth x width x length) - Material: ASTM A 36 - Boundary condition: fixed at both ends - Force: 2,000 lb at the center - Mesh: medium (default) - Analysis type: static a. Perform linear static analysis with solid elements for maximum displacement, stress b. Compare results with analytical results
The analytical solution is based on a continuous beam model and assumes that there are no discontinuities in the beam.
a) Linear static analysis with solid elements for maximum displacement, stress and
b) Comparing the results with analytical results
In linear static analysis with solid elements, the geometry is 2 "× 1" × 10 "(depth x width x length), the material is ASTM A 36, the boundary condition is fixed at both ends, the force is 2,000 lb at the center, mesh is medium (default), and the analysis type is static.
The following are the results obtained for the maximum displacement, stress from the linear static analysis with solid elements:
1) Maximum displacement The maximum displacement for the linear static analysis with solid elements is 0.0233 inches.
2) Maximum stress The maximum stress for the linear static analysis with solid elements is 14,000 psi.
Comparing the results with analytical results
The analytical solution for the maximum stress in the solid simply supported beam loaded with a concentrated load at the top center can be obtained using the following formula;
Max stress = (6 × Force × L)/(b × h²)
The above formula can be re-written as; Max stress = (6 × 2000 lbs × 10 inches)/(1 inch × 2 inches²)
Max stress = 15,000 psi
Therefore, comparing the results from linear static analysis with solid elements with the analytical results, it is seen that there is a difference of about 1000 psi.
This is due to the mesh used in the linear static analysis with solid elements being medium (default), and not fine.
The analytical solution is based on a continuous beam model and assumes that there are no discontinuities in the beam.
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There is a 237 m cliff at Half Dome in Yosemite National Park in California. Suppose a boulder breaks loose from the top of this cliff.
Part b) Assuming a reaction time of 0.300 s, how long a time (in sec) will a tourist at the bottom have to get out of the way after hearing the sound of the rock breaking loose (neglecting the height of the tourist, which would become negligible anyway if hit)? The speed of sound is 335.0 m/s on this day.
The tourist at the bottom of the cliff will have approximately 1.007 seconds to react and move out of the way after hearing the sound of the rock breaking loose.
To find the time the tourist has to get out of the way, we need to calculate the time it takes for the sound to travel from the top of the cliff to the bottom.
Height of the cliff = 237 m
Speed of sound = 335.0 m/s
Reaction time = 0.300 s
To calculate the time it takes for the sound to travel from the top of the cliff to the bottom, we can use the formula:
time = distance / speed
In this case, the distance is the height of the cliff and the speed is the speed of sound.
time = 237 m / 335.0 m/s
Calculating this, we find:
time = 0.707 s
So, it will take approximately 0.707 seconds for the sound of the rock breaking loose to reach the tourist at the bottom of the cliff. Given the tourist's reaction time of 0.300 seconds, the total time the tourist has to get out of the way is the sum of the sound travel time and the reaction time:
total time = sound travel time + reaction time
total time = 0.707 s + 0.300 s
Calculating this, we find:
total time = 1.007 s
Therefore, the tourist at the bottom of the cliff will have approximately 1.007 seconds to react and move out of the way after hearing the sound of the rock breaking loose.
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Task IV: For the combined series-parallel RLC-circuit shown in Figure 3, answer the following questions and show your steps: A) Determine the total impedance seen by the source. B) Determine the total current I using Ohm's Law. Is it leading or legging? C) Calculate the currents I, and 1₂ using current division. D) Calculate the voltage drop across R.I. E) Apply KVL for loop 1. Xc R1 w HH D 40 II 12 Loopt E-20 V 20- SINC Figure 3: RLC Network
A) Total Impedance The total impedance of the given RLC network is the sum of the individual impedances, which are given as follows;
For determining the lag or lead in the circuit, we need to determine the phase angle φ, which is given by tanφ = Im(Z) / Re(Z), where Im(Z) and Re(Z) are the imaginary and real parts of ZT, respectively.
The phase angle of ZT is given by;
φ = tan-1(-688.68 / 19.13) = -87.74°Since the phase angle is negative, the current is said to be lagging.
C) Current Division The current in R1 can be found by using current division as follows;
[tex]I1 = (Zc / (Zr + Zc)) × I = (-j50 / (-j50 + 40)) × (0.0292 + j0.9963) = 0.0066 - j0.2274 AI2 = (Zr / (Zr + Zc)) × I = (40 / (-j50 + 40)) × (0.0292 + j0.9963) = 0.0225 + j0.773D)[/tex]Voltage Drop
The voltage drop across R1 can be found using Ohm's Law as follows;
[tex]Vr = I2 × Zr = (0.0225 + j0.773) × 40 = 0.8992 + j30.928E) KVL[/tex]for Loop 1
The voltage V across the circuit can be found by using KVL as follows;
V = Vr + (Zc × I1) = (0.8992 + j30.928) + (-j50 × 0.0066)
= 0.8592 + j30.59V.
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You work as an electronic tech responsible for the maintenance and modification of a manufacturing line. Your company is experiencing quality problems on a line that assembles cabinets with magnets to hold the doors closed. Workers are having a high rate of not installing the magnets. Your job is to design a circuit that will sense when a magnet is missing on a cabinet and stop the conveyor line and turn on an LED that signals the defect. General Instructions: • Design the circuit simulation to operate with the Speed/Power Control panel on the left-hand side of the trainer and Discrete Sensor Panel on the right. • Use the Hall Effect sensor to sense the existence of the magnet. This is the only sensor that will sense a magnet. Use the motor on the Speed/Power Control Panel as the conveyor motor.
In order to design a circuit that senses when a magnet is missing on a cabinet and stops the conveyor line and turn on an LED that signals the defect, the circuit simulation must operate with the Speed/Power Control panel on the left-hand side of the trainer and Discrete Sensor Panel on the right, and the Hall Effect sensor must be used to sense the existence of the magnet.
This is the only sensor that will sense a magnet. The motor on the Speed/Power Control Panel must be used as the conveyor motor. Here is how the circuit can be designed:Step 1: Start by connecting a voltage source (VCC) to a resistor (R1) and then to the base of an NPN transistor (Q1). The collector of Q1 is then connected to the positive terminal of the motor and the emitter is connected to ground.Step 2: Connect the Hall Effect sensor to the same voltage source (VCC) and add a pull-up resistor (R2) to the output of the sensor. Connect the output of the sensor to a transistor (Q2) base.
The collector of Q2 is then connected to a second resistor (R3) and then to ground. The emitter of Q2 is connected to the base of Q1 and to an LED. Finally, connect the other end of the LED to ground. Step 3: Turn on the trainer and set the speed of the conveyor motor to the desired value. Place a magnet on a cabinet and run the conveyor to ensure that the magnet is detected and that the conveyor continues to run. Remove the magnet from the cabinet and run the conveyor to ensure that the motor stops and the LED turns on.
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You are holding a shopping basket at the grocery store with two 0.66-kg cartons of cereal at the left end of the basket. The basket is 0.76 m long.
Where should you place a 1.9-kg half gallon of milk, relative to the left end of the basket, so that the center of mass of your groceries is at the center of the basket?
The answer is d = 1.34 m.
Mass of two 0.66 kg cartons of cereal = m1 = 0.66 kg each total mass of cereal = 2 × 0.66 = 1.32 kg Length of basket = l = 0.76 m Mass of 1.9 kg half-gallon of milk = m2 = 1.9 kg Assuming center of the basket is at the center of mass of the groceries, the location of half-gallon of milk should be calculated as follows:
Now the center of mass of the grocery is at the center of the basket, therefore, we can write: M1 × d1 = M2 × d2 + M3 × d3 where, M1 = 1.32 kg, M2 = 1.9 kg, and M3 = total mass of the basket = (M1 + M2) = 1.32 kg + 1.9 kg = 3.22 kgLet, the distance of 1.9 kg milk from the left end of the basket be d, then the distance of 1st cereal carton from the left end of the basket will be 0.76 - d - 0.2. [where 0.2 is the length of the milk container i.e half of the length]
Therefore the equation for the center of mass becomes:1.32(d1) = 1.9(d2) + 3.22(d3)Since the center of mass will be in the center of the basket, that means d1 + d3 = l/2
Now solve the equations:1.32(d1) = 1.9(d2) + 3.22(d3) => 1.32(d1) - 3.22(d3) = 1.9(d2) => (1.32/1.9)(d1) - (3.22/1.9)(d3) = d2 => d2 = (1.32/1.9)(d1) - (3.22/1.9)(l/2 - d1) => d2 = (1.32/1.9)(d1) + (3.22/1.9)(d1) - (3.22/1.9)(l/2) => d2 = (1.32 + 3.22)/1.9(d1) - (3.22/1.9)(l/2) => d2 = 2.54/1.9(d1) - (3.22/1.9)(l/2)
The half gallon of milk should be placed at a distance of 2.54/1.9 = 1.34 meters from the left end of the basket. Therefore, the answer is d = 1.34 m.
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Consider a beam of light of photon energy hv and power P incident on a photoconductor having bandgap energy Eg such that hv< Eg <2hv. Under these conditions, a small photocurrent density Jp = K ² may be induced in the device, where K is a constant and is the incident photon flux density (photons per unit area per unit time). Explain the physical origin of this photocurrent and why it is proportional to the square of o. Derive an expression for the responsivity in terms of K, hv, P, and A (the area of the detector' illuminated surface).
The photocurrent in the photoconductor is proportional to the square of the incident photon flux density (K) due to two-photon absorption, and the responsivity (R) is given by R = K^2 * A, where A is the area of the detector's illuminated surface.
The physical origin of the photocurrent in the given scenario is the absorption of photons by the photoconductor material. When photons with energy greater than the bandgap energy (Eg) but less than twice the photon energy (2hv) are incident on the photoconductor, they can be absorbed by exciting electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, creating electron-hole pairs.
The square dependence on K in the photocurrent density equation (Jp = K^2) arises due to the probability of two-photon absorption events. The incident photon flux density, K, represents the number of photons incident on the detector per unit area per unit time.
Since two-photon absorption requires the simultaneous absorption of two photons, the probability of this event is proportional to the square of the incident photon flux density, resulting in the square dependence of the photocurrent on K.
To derive an expression for the responsivity of the photoconductor, we need to relate the photocurrent density (Jp) to the incident power (P) and the area of the illuminated surface (A) of the detector. The responsivity (R) is defined as the ratio of the photocurrent (I) to the incident power, which can be expressed as:
R = I / P
Since the photocurrent density (Jp) is given as Jp = K^2, we can write the photocurrent (I) as:
I = Jp * A
Substituting Jp = K^2 and rearranging, we have:
I = K^2 * A
Now, substituting the value of incident power (P) into the equation, we get:
I = (K^2 * A) * P
Finally, we can express the responsivity (R) in terms of K, hv, P, and A as:
R = I / P = (K^2 * A * P) / P = K^2 * A
Therefore, the responsivity (R) of the photoconductor is directly proportional to the square of the incident photon flux density (K), the area of the illuminated surface (A), and the incident power (P).
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if 2.92 m³of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure 3.9 atm, the temperature of the gas rises to 46.6°C. What is the final volume? i.e. STP corresponds to 1 atm pressure and 273.15 K temperature. ĐA103 m 8.34.9 m² OC. 0.876 m² O D. 0.990 m² OE.0.128 m²
The final volume of the gas is 12.75 m³. This is option A
From the question above, Initial volume of the gas, V1 = 2.92 m³
Initial pressure of the gas, P1 = 1 atm
Final pressure of the gas, P2 = 3.9 atm
Initial temperature of the gas, T1 = 273.15 K
Final temperature of the gas, T2 = 46.6 °C = 46.6 + 273.15 = 319.75 K
Volumes of gas are directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure when the moles of gas remain constant. i.e.
V₁/T₁P₁ = V₂/T₂P₂
On substituting the given values, we get
V2 = (V1 x P2 x T2) / (P1 x T1)
V2 = (2.92 x 3.9 x 319.75) / (1 x 273.15)
V2 = 12.75 m³
Therefore, the final volume of the gas is 12.75 m³. Hence, the correct option is (A) 12.75 m².
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A 15 HP, 240 V, four pole DC shunt motor draws 39 A at its rated voltage with field and armature resistance of 330 Ω and 0.01 Ω respectively. Neglecting the effect of the armature reaction, determine the current being drawn when the load is 7.5 HP.
The current being drawn by the DC shunt motor when the load is 7.5 HP is approximately 0.03125 A.
The current being drawn by the DC shunt motor when the load is 7.5 HP can be calculated using the concept of power and Ohm's law.
Rated power (PR) = 15 HP
Rated voltage (VR) = 240 V
Rated current (IR) = 39 A
Field resistance (Rf) = 330 Ω
Armature resistance (Ra) = 0.01 Ω
Using the formula for power:
PR = VR × IR
15 HP = 240 V × 39 A
We can calculate the rated current as follows:
IR = 15 HP / 240 V
IR = 0.0625 A
Now, we can use the concept of power proportionality to find the current when the load is 7.5 HP:
IL = IR × (PL / PR)
IL = 0.0625 A × (7.5 HP / 15 HP)
IL = 0.0625 A × 0.5
IL = 0.03125 A.
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3. A solid spherical ball (mass of 300 g and radius of 5.0 cm) is released from rest on a slope. The slope has an angle of 20° of inclination and a length of 60 cm. Due to friction, the ball rolls down the slope without slipping. Determine the time it takes for the ball to reach the bottom of the slope.
Therefore, it takes approximately 1.32 seconds for the ball to reach the bottom of the slope.
The acceleration of a solid spherical ball rolling down a slope is given by the following equation:
`a = g*sin(θ)/(1+I/mr²)`,
where θ is the angle of inclination,
m is the mass of the sphere,
r is the radius of the sphere,
I is the moment of inertia of the sphere, and
g is the acceleration due to gravity.
To calculate the time taken by the ball to reach the bottom of the slope, we can use the following formula:
`s = (1/2)at² + vt`,
where s is the distance travelled by the ball,
v is the initial velocity (which is 0 in this case),
and t is the time taken.
We are given the following values:
m = 300
g = 0.3 kg,
r = 5.0 cm = 0.05 m,
θ = 20°, and the length of the slope, L = 60 cm = 0.6 m.
We can calculate the moment of inertia of the sphere using the formula for a solid sphere:
`I = (2/5)*mr²`
Substituting the given values,
we get:
`I = (2/5)*0.3*(0.05)²
= 7.5 x 10-4 kg*m²`
Now, we can substitute all the values into the acceleration formula and calculate the acceleration of the ball:
`a = g*sin(θ)/(1+I/mr²)
= 9.81*sin(20°)/(1+7.5 x 10^-4/(0.3*(0.05)²))
= 0.686 m/s²
Next, we can use the formula for distance travelled to calculate the time taken:
`s = (1/2)at²``0.6
= (1/2)*0.686*t²
= 1.75``t
= 1.32 s
Therefore, it takes approximately 1.32 seconds for the ball to reach the bottom of the slope.
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A box weighing \( 83.0 \mathrm{~N} \) rests on a table. A rope tied to the box funs yertically upwisd over a puilley and a weight is Determine the force that the table exerts on the box if the weight
The maximum magnetic energy stored in the space above the city is approximately 1.96×10⁶ joules.
To find the maximum magnetic energy stored in the space above a city, we can use the formula for magnetic energy density:
U = (1/2)μ₀B²,
where U is the magnetic energy density, μ₀ is the permeability of free space (4π×10⁻⁷ T·m/A), and B is the magnetic field strength.
Maximum strength of the earth's magnetic field (B) = 7.0×10⁻⁵ T
Area of the space above the city (A) = 5.0×10⁸ m²
Height of the space above the city (h) = 1500 m
To calculate the maximum magnetic energy stored in the space above the city, we need to determine the volume first. The volume (V) can be calculated as:
V = A × h.
Substituting the given values, we have:
V = (5.0×10⁸ m²) × (1500 m)
= 7.5×10¹¹ m³.
Now, we can calculate the magnetic energy (U) using the formula mentioned earlier:
U = (1/2)μ₀B²V.
Substituting the values:
U = (1/2) × (4π×10⁻⁷ T·m/A) × (7.0×10⁻⁵ T)² × (7.5×10¹¹ m³)
= 1.96×10⁶ J.
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Complete Question : A box weighing 83.0 N rests on a table. A rope tied to the box funs yertically upwisd over a puilley and a weight is Determine the force that the table exerts on the box if the weight hanging on the other side of hung from the other end. the puiliey weight 30.0 N. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units,
Required information A current source in a linear circuit has is = 25 cos( Api t+25) A.
NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.
What is the angular frequency, where A = 22?
The angular frequency is rad/s.
The angular frequency is 22 rad/s.
The angular frequency (ω) can be calculated using the formula: ω = 2πf
where f is the frequency. In the given equation, the current source is described as: is = 25 cos(At + 25). Given that A = 22, we can substitute the value into the equation: is = 25 cos(22t + 25). Comparing this equation to the standard form of a cosine function: is = A cos(ωt + φ). We can determine that ω is the coefficient of t in the argument of the cosine function. Therefore, in this case, the angular frequency is 22 rad/s.
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Two trains are on parallel tracks both traveling east, with train 1 ahead of train 2. Train 1 is traveling at 15.0 m/sec and blows a horn whose frequency is 192 Hz. If the frequency heard on the second train from horn 1 is 203 Hz, what is the speed of the second train?
Two trains are on parallel tracks both traveling east, with train 1 ahead of train 2, then the speed of the second train is 22.3 m/s.
From the question above, Frequency of horn of train 1, f₁ = 192 Hz
Frequency of horn of train 2 as heard by it, f₂ = 203 Hz
Speed of train 1, v₁ = 15.0 m/sec
Since train 1 is ahead of train 2, therefore, both trains are moving in the same direction.
Therefore, the apparent frequency of sound heard by train 2 will be given as:f' = (v + v₁) / (v - v₂) * f
Where,v = velocity of sound= 343 m/s
Putting the given values in the above formula, we have:
203 = (343 + 15.0) / (343 - v₂) * 192
Or, 343 - v₂ = 1.1282 x (343 + 15.0) / 203 x 192
Or, 343 - v₂ = 0.8946 x 358
Or, v₂ = 343 - 320.7
v₂ = 22.3 m/s
Hence, the speed of the second train is 22.3 m/s.
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4. A vector has an X-component of -29.5 units and a y-component of 33.5 units. Find the magnitude and direction of the vector.
magnitude ________units
direction _______
The magnitude of the given vector is approximately 29.5 units and the direction of the vector is -49.48°.
To find the magnitude and direction of the given vector, you can use the Pythagorean theorem and inverse tangent, respectively.
Given, X-component of vector = -29.5 units
Y-component of vector = 33.5 units
Magnitude of vector, |A| = √(X² + Y²)
Let's substitute the given values in the above formula.
|A| = √((-29.5)² + (33.5)²)|A| = √(870.25)
Magnitude of vector, |A| = 29.5 units (approx)
Now, let's find the direction of the vector.
Direction of vector:
θ = tan⁻¹ (Y / X)
θ = tan⁻¹ (33.5 / (-29.5))
θ = tan⁻¹ (-33.5 / 29.5)
Direction of vector, θ = -49.48° (approx)
Therefore, the magnitude of the given vector is approximately 29.5 units and the direction of the vector is -49.48°.
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An object is moving in a circular motion law: s(t)=2t^3=3t^2+4. In t=2s, the module of its total acceleration is a=40m/s^2
Compute the Radius R of the circle. Compute the module of the acceleration in t=1s.
The module of the acceleration in t = 1 is 18 m/s².
:Radius of the circle = 16m
Module of the acceleration in t = 1 is 18 m/s².
Given:An object is moving in a circular motion law:
s(t) = 2t³ = 3t² + 4.
In t = 2s, the module of its total acceleration is
a = 40m/s²
To Find: The Radius R of the circle. Compute the module of the acceleration in t=1s.
We are given the equation of the motion as follows,
s(t) = 2t³ = 3t² + 4
Differentiating the equation twice, we get v(t) and a(t).
v(t) = s'(t)
= 6t² + 6ta(t)
= v'(t)
= 12t + 6
Now, we have to find out the radius R of the circle.
Substituting the value of t = 2 in the equation s(t), we have,
s(2) = 2 x 2³ - 3 x 2² + 4
= 16 m
If R be the radius of the circle, then we have,
R = s(2) = 16 m
Also, we have to find the module of the acceleration in t = 1.
s(t) = 2t³ = 3t² + 4,
we have to find out the values of s(1), s'(1), and s''(1) by putting the value of t = 1.
s(1) = 2 x 1³ - 3 x 1² + 4 = 3 m
Now, we can calculate v(1) and a(1) by putting t = 1 in the equations v(t) and a(t).
v(1) = 6 x 1² + 6 x 1 = 12 m/sa(1) = 12 x 1 + 6 = 18 m/s²
Hence, the module of the acceleration in t = 1 is 18 m/s².
:Radius of the circle = 16m
Module of the acceleration in t = 1 is 18 m/s².
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(a) Derive the expression for the far field component of a monopole antenna and also find its radiation resistance. (b)Obtain an expression of total power radiated by an oscillating dipole.
(a) The far field component of a monopole antenna is given by E(theta) = (j * k * I * L) / (2 * pi * r) * (sin(theta) / r). The radiation resistance (Rr) of a monopole antenna is Rr = (2 * pi * f * L)² / (3 * c³).
(b) The total power radiated by an oscillating dipole is P_rad = (P_rad_max / 3) * (1 + cos²(theta)). The power radiated is not uniform in all directions and depends on the angle theta.
(a) Deriving the expression for the far field component of a monopole antenna:
A monopole antenna is a half-wave dipole antenna with one side grounded. The far field component of a monopole antenna can be expressed as:
E(theta) = (j * k * I * L) / (2 * pi * r) * (sin(theta) / r)
Where:
- E(theta) is the electric field intensity in the far field at an angle theta.
- j is the imaginary unit.
- k is the wave number (k = 2 * pi * f / c), where f is the frequency and c is the speed of light.
- I is the current flowing through the antenna.
- L is the length of the monopole antenna.
- r is the distance from the antenna.
The radiation resistance (Rr) of a monopole antenna can be calculated using the expression:
Rr = (2 * pi * f * L)² / (3 * c³)
Where:
- Rr is the radiation resistance.
- f is the frequency.
- L is the length of the monopole antenna.
- c is the speed of light.
(b) Obtaining the expression for the total power radiated by an oscillating dipole:
The total power radiated by an oscillating dipole can be expressed as:
P_rad = (P_rad_max / 3) * (1 + cos²(theta))
Where:
- P_rad is the total radiated power.
- P_rad_max is the maximum radiated power.
- theta is the angle between the axis of the dipole and the direction in which power is being measured.
The expression indicates that the total radiated power is not uniform in all directions and varies based on the angle theta.
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For the FCF in Bubble 20 on the Plate Demo drawing, which datum
feature would have 2
points of contact with its TGC?
Datum Feature in Plate Demo Drawing Bubble 20
In the Plate Demo drawing bubble 20, the datum feature that would have two points of contact with its True Geometrical Counterpart (TGC) is the cylinder.
The Feature Control Frame (FCF) is used to provide a set of rules that determine how and where the feature's characteristics can deviate from their perfect feature. The datum feature and the TGC are two of the most critical components of the FCF.
A datum feature is a physical feature that represents a theoretically perfect surface or axis. In contrast, the TGC is a virtual condition that symbolizes the perfect datum feature's position, orientation, and form.
The datum feature and the TGC are used to provide a reference system that specifies the location, orientation, and form of all other features on the part. In bubble 20 of the Plate Demo drawing, the datum feature has two points of contact with its TGC.
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Logic Circuits and Truth Tables Questions
Solve problems related to the given circuit
a) (1+1+1+1+1 = 5 marks) Write down the equivalent logic
expression (simplification is NOT required).
Showing all
However, for complex circuits, the word count may go up to 100-150.
The circuit of the given problem is not provided. However, in general, the equivalent logic expression can be obtained for a given circuit through various methods such as Karnaugh maps or Boolean algebraic manipulation. To write the equivalent logic expression, the circuit needs to be analyzed and the logic gates' function should be determined.
For example, consider the circuit given below:
Here, the input signals are A and B. The output signal is C. The circuit consists of two AND gates and an OR gate.
The logic gate function can be summarized as follows:
A AND B = Q1
Q1 OR A = Q2
Q2 OR Q1 = C
Thus, the equivalent logic expression can be written as:
C = (A AND B) OR A
The number of words required to write the equivalent logic expression may vary based on the complexity of the circuit. Generally, it is recommended to use concise language and avoid lengthy sentences. Around 10-15 words may be sufficient to write a simple equivalent logic expression. However, for complex circuits, the word count may go up to 100-150.
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Given a logic circuit problem, we need to write down the equivalent logic expression without simplification.
To find the equivalent logic expression, we analyze the given circuit and identify the logical operations performed at each stage. We then express these operations using logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT.
The unique keywords in the explanation part are: logic circuit, logic expression, simplification, logical operations, logical operators.
Note: Since the specific details and components of the given circuit are not provided, it is not possible to provide a precise answer without further information.
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A sealed container with a volume of 0.0018 m3 (1.8 litres) contains a mixture of Argon (Ar) and Oxygen (O2) gases. The container contains 5.4×1021 atoms of Argon and 3.6×1021 molecules of Oxygen.
a) How many moles of Argon (Ar) does the container contain?
b) How many moles of Oxygen (O2) does the container contain?
The container contains 0.898 mol of argon and 0.299 mol of oxygen gas.
Given data: Volume of the container, V = 0.0018 m³, Number of Argon atoms, NAr = 5.4 × 10²¹, Number of Oxygen molecules, NO₂ = 3.6 × 10²¹
We know that the number of particles present in the container is given as:
N = n × Nₐ where N is the number of particles, n is the number of moles, and Nₐ is Avogadro's number. Number of moles of Argon in the container:
nAr = NAr/ Nₐ
= 5.4 × 10²¹/ 6.022 × 10²³
= 0.898 mol
Number of moles of Oxygen in the container:
nO₂ = NO₂/ 2 × Nₐ
= 3.6 × 10²¹/ (2 × 6.022 × 10²³)
= 0.299 mol
Therefore, the container contains 0.898 mol of argon and 0.299 mol of oxygen gas.
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