A spontaneous point mutation may be caused during dna replication when the enzyme DNA Polymerase puts the wrong base in a newly-synthesized strand.
Point mutations are changes in the genetic sequences of DNA where only one nucleotide base has been mutated. This can be of several types like addition, deletion, insertion, etc. The example of disease caused by point mutation is sickle cell anemia.
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that forms anew strand of DNA from an existing DNA template strand. Hence it is also called DNA dependent DNA polymerase. The enzyme has different types in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes.
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Cell Analogy, PLEASE HELP IF YOU ARE GOOD WITH BIOLOGY! THANK YOU I APPRECIATE IT SO MUCH! NEED ANSWERS ASAP.
Read the example analogy below and label which underlined words match the different organelles listed. Then,
in the space at the bottom of the page, write your own cell analogy!
There is a building in the middle of town designed for making donuts. In the building are special ovens where
these donuts are made. In the center of the building is an office where the bakers keep all of the recipes for
making the donuts. Within the office there is a small workspace where the special oven parts are designed and
assembled.
Outside of the office is a conveyor belt which is used to move the baking sheets, pieces of the oven, and other
necessary things to the ovens. There are many generators that provide the energy to power the ovens so that
they can bake donuts all day. Once the donuts are made, they are sent to the decorating station to be iced,
sprinkled, and packaged up for delivery. Rolling carts are used to move the donuts from place to place, and
eventually to the delivery trucks lined up along the back wall of the building to take them out into the town.
If any of the donuts get damaged in the process, they get placed in the break room where hungry employees will destroy them on their breaks.
Answer: Just use clues from the questions
Explanation:
there are clues that represent the different parts
In the given scenario the oven that is used to make the donuts are analogous to the ribosomes which are used for the synthesis of protein. A. The different parts of the building can be matched with the cell organelles as follows: 1- oven, 2- office for recipes, 3- delivery trucks, 4-generators, 5- hungry employees, 6- decorating station, 7- small workspace to design oven parts, 8- donuts, 9- conveyer belt, 10- office for oven assembly.
Describe the process of sorting and transporting proteins.Protein targeting and sorting are laborious processes that must be done carefully. While translation is still active, the first stage of protein sorting takes place. On ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, numerous proteins that are destined for the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, and secretion from the cell are synthesized.
The endoplasmic reticulum, where protein folding and processing occur, receives the polypeptide chains as translation continues. Proteins are moved in vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo additional processing and sorting before being moved to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell. Thus, they stand out from other cytoplasmic organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes.
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if atp used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, which molecule or molecules of the calvin cycle will be radioactively labeled first?
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is the first radiolabeled molecule of the Calvin cycle.
For plants to "fix" carbon from CO₂ into three-carbon sugars, a series of chemical events known as the Calvin cycle must occur. These three-carbon substances can later be converted by plants and animals into more complex carbohydrates including starches, nucleotides, and amino acids.
The three fundamental phases of the Calvin cycle are fixation, reduction, and regeneration. The Calvin cycle is the name given to the photosynthesis reactions that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to create glucose and other molecules of carbohydrates.
The Calvin cycle uses the ATP molecules as energy sources and hence the 1st product of the calvin cycle will be radio labeled.
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write the balanced equation for cellular respiration. Explain
how the reactionts get to and into the cells in your
liver and what happens to the materials produced
Oxygen + Water + Glucose (sugar) + Carbon Dioxide CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular respiration, also known as aerobic respiration, is a sequence of chemical processes that start with the reactants of sugar and oxygen and end with the waste products of carbon dioxide and water.
What substances are created following the process of cellular respiration?Carbon dioxide and water are the end products of cellular respiration. From your mitochondria, carbon dioxide is transferred out of your cell, to your red blood cells, and then back to your lungs to be expelled. In the process, ATP is produced.
During cellular respiration, ATP is created by the reaction between glucose and oxygen. As a result, carbon dioxide and water are discharged. The Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis—an anaerobic process—are the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration.
While glycolysis can take place in anaerobic environments, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen.
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suppose a cell has a mutation that prevents helicase from being made. how might this affect dna replication?
The replication process would not be possible without helicases.
What would transpire in the event that someone had a mutation that prevented them from producing helicase?Mutations that prevent helicase function have been associated with cancer and a number of genetic disorders, including xeroderma pigmentosum and Werner syndrome, which cause premature aging.
The hydrogen bonds that bind the two DNA strands together into a double helix are broken by helicases, an enzyme. The single-stranded DNA fragments that are exposed by this break will serve as the template for DNA replication. As a result, replication would not proceed if helicases were absent.
DNA helicases are necessary for DNA replication because they divide double-stranded DNA into single strands, enabling the replication of each strand individually.
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a student stimulated his earthworm twice with a stimulus interval of 1ms and a voltage above the threshold for the median axon (but below the threshold of the lateral axon). he only saw one biphasic waveform response. explain what is occurring inside the median axon to prevent the second biphasic waveform. also, how many action potentials do you expect are being generated by his stimulation?
A student stimulated his earthworm twice with a stimulus interval of 1ms and a voltage above the threshold for the median axon (but below the threshold of the lateral axon) result of an action potential propagating past our negative and positive electrodes.
A threshold is what you step across when you input a room. A threshold takes you from one vicinity into any other, and when you're approximately to begin something new, you're also on a threshold. A threshold is a point of departure or transition.
Threshold electricity (FTP): you may estimate FTP with your high-quality current 20-minute strength value (either from a committed 20-minute take a look at or a sufficiently tough 20-minute effort from a race or exercising). Multiply that price by ninety five% to get your FTP. you can also estimate FTP from a latest best 45-60 minute electricity output.
In electrophysiology, the edge capability is the important stage to which a membrane capability need to be depolarized to initiate an motion potential. In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to modify and propagate signaling in both the important fearful device (CNS) and the peripheral anxious gadget (PNS).
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of the four abdominal muscles, which is not a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?
In lateral pelvic rotation from the four abdominal muscles hanging overhead by the hands position, the transverse abdominis is not a primary mover.
Of the six abdominal muscles, the transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle is the deepest. Between the ribs and the pelvis, it expands, encircling the trunk from front to back. Similar to a back support belt, the muscle's fibres run horizontally called transverse abdominis.
The large group of muscles in the front of the abdomen known as the abdominal muscles lift and stabilise abdominal organs like the intestines as well as contribute to normal breathing. They also support the muscles of the spine are called abdominal muscles.
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I NEED HELP ASAP
A group of students thinks that boiling water is an example of a
chemical change. Are they correct? Write a response in complete
sentences.
3)
Be sure to answer these questions in your response:
• What evidence is leading them to think that boiling water
is a chemical change?
• Is water boiling a chemical change or a physical change?
• Provide evidence to support the correct answer.
Answer: Water that has been heated to the point of boiling has undergone a physical change because nothing else about the water has altered. The water's bubbles and steam are the only physical signs that they can find, and since steam is simply water that has evaporated, it is still water. A chemical change occurs when a material transforms into a different one, such as when sugar is heated and turns into caramel. Boiling water causes a physical change.
What is the structure of hydrophobic hairs or ridges on the body that allow insects to carry water in aquatic habitats?.
Plastrons are hydrophobic hairs or ridges on the body of an insect.
It is a special array of rigid, closely-spaced hydrophobic hairs/water-repellent (also called setae) that create an airspace next to the body. This pile of small hairs covers much of the cuticle and prevents the air film from collapsing. Also known as gill, it consists of a stationary layer of air held in place on the body surface by millions of tiny hairs that support a permanent air–water interface, so that the insect never has to renew the gas at the water's surface. Many water-walking insects possess hydrophobic hairs.
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the combining form for the gland instrumental in the development of t cells is: group of answer choices thym/o. splen/o. tonsil/o. thyr/o.
The combination of glands that play a role in the development of t cells are: thym/o.
Thym/o or thymus is a gland located in the chest chamber between the lungs. Thymus plays a major role in the lymphatic system of the body.
Thymus produces a variety of hormones, including the hormone Thymosin. This hormone acts to create T cells in the body. In thymus, T cell undergo a final maturation.
T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell in our immune system. T Lymphocytes can distinguish pathogens based on their ability to evolve over time.
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Which part of the dna model is most directly associated with the coding of genetic information.
A gene's coding area, commonly referred to as the coding sequence (CDS), is the section of the gene's DNA or RNA that codes for proteins.
What is the molecule that codes for genetic information?The genetic code of an organism is encoded in a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In other words, the information needed to create and maintain an organism is all included in the DNA.
A protein, rRNA, or tRNA molecule is encoded by a DNA sequence known as a gene (gene product). The genetic code controls how mRNA's nucleotides designate the amino acids that go into a polypeptide.
Due to the fact that the nontemplate strand's sequence will match that of the new RNA molecule, it is known as the coding strand.
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identify the important processes facilitated by chromosomal sequences in their roles at the molecular level.
For chromosome mobility to be facilitated, the chromosomes must compress during mitosis.
Chromosomes must compact in order for DNA to be able to replicate inside the nucleus.
Colchicine is a substance that is used to freeze the cells during the mitotic process in order to block or inhibit the movement of the chromosomes. Additionally, the faithful replication or transmission of the genome to those daughter cells depends on this mechanism. Cells divide during the interphase, however cell condensation is discovered to be taking place during the prophase. Chromosomes are permitted to travel prior to the mitotic process, and during this time, entanglements and breaks were also seen.
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what is a cleavage furrow?what is a cleavage furrow?the metaphase plate where chromosomes attach to the spindlethe separation of divided prokaryotesa groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nucleithe space that is created between two chromatids during anaphasea ring of vesicles forming a cell plate
The cleavage furrow is a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei. (Option c)
After fertilization, cleavage, a series of mitotic divisions in which the enormous cytoplasm of the egg is divided into numerous smaller, nucleated cells, is the process by which a multicellular organism develops.
A cell's surface indentation known as a cleavage furrow appears as the cell prepares to divide. It signals the beginning of the cell "pinching" its cytoplasm and cell membrane in the middle. At some point, the cell will completely split in two, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
Typically, this process begins during anaphase, when a contractile cleavage furrow forms in the middle of the cell and eventually divides it in half.
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(Complete question)
What is a cleavage furrow?
a. A ring of vesicles forming a cell plate
b. The separation of divided prokaryotes
c. A groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei
d. The metaphase plate where chromosomes attach to the spindle
e. The space that is created between two chromatids during anaphase
As of 2014, __________ is the largest contributor of total u. S. Greenhouse gas emissions.
Answer:
electricity sector
Explanation:
good night mate
HELLO! IT WOULD MEAN A LOT IF YOU PLEASE HELP!
The side that would increase in volume due to osmosis is Side II.
What is Osmosis?The random net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a location of high water potential to a region of lower water concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides, is referred to as osmosis.
Osmosis is classified into two types:
Endosmosis: The process through which water molecules enter cells.Exosmosis: The process through which water molecules leave the cell.Osmosis in microporous membranes is induced by a momentum deficit within the pores caused by the membrane's reflection of solute molecules. For a semipermeable membrane, this reduces the pressure on the solution side of the pore by π.
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1. How are protists beneficial to other organisms?
A. They attack plants.
B. They provide food.
C. They produce water.
D. They reproduce quickly.
What is the average of 2cm squared and 4cm squared
Answer:
((2 (cm squared)) + (4 (cm squared))) / 2 =
0.0003 m2
Explanation:
If a mutant plant was produced in a research lab that had a cuticle covering the epidermis of the root and none covering the stem
epidermis, how successful do you think the plant would be? Why?
The plant wouldn't be able to survive because the presence of the cuticle layer on the root epidermis prevents the absorption of water while the absence of the cuticle above the stem epidermis will result in excess loss of water.
What is the cuticle layer?The plant cuticle is a protective film that covers the outermost layer of the skin on leaves, young shoots, and other above-ground plant organs that do not have an integument. This film is composed of wax-impregnated lipids and hydrocarbon polymers and is only synthesized.
The cuticle is the waxy layer that forms on the epidermis of stems and leaves. This layer controls water loss in plants. The presence of a waxy cuticle in the roots prevents the uptake of water and salt from the soil, so there is no cuticle in the roots.
It is found on the surface of leaves, fruits, flowers, and non-lignified stems of higher plants. Protects plants from drought, temperature extremes, UV rays, chemical attacks, mechanical damage, and infection from pathogens/pests.
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localized area of pus formation in the lungs: a.pleurisy b.pulmonary embolism c.pulmonary edema d.pleural effusion e.pulmonary abscess
Localized area of pus formation in the lungs is pulmonary abscess.
What is lung abscess?
The creation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid and liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue are both symptoms of lung abscess, which are brought on by microbial infection.
It can be brought on by aspiration, which can happen when under the influence of drugs or alcohol and typically results in a pus-filled cavity.
Chest pain, especially when you breathe in, a cough, fatigue, a fever, a loss of appetite, and night sweats are all signs of a lung abscess.
Following antibiotic therapy, the prognosis for lung abscess is generally good. Unless bronchial obstruction owing to cancer is to blame, medical therapy alone can cure more than 90% of lung abscess.
Therefore, Option E is correct.
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The genetic code consists of ____ codons that specify amino acids, and ____ codons that do not specify amino acids.
The genetic code consists of 61 codons that specify amino acids, and 3 codons that do not specify amino acids.
The genetic code specifies how many amino acids there are.The four nucleotides included in mRNA—A, U, G, and C—can combine in 64 different ways according to the codon's three-letter structure. The following 61 codons are related to amino acids, whereas the final three of these 64 codons are stop signals that signal the completion of protein synthesis.
Instead of coding for amino acids, three of the 64 potential codons indicate the end of a protein. The 61 remaining codons describe the 20 amino acids that are utilized to form proteins. Methionine is coded for by the AUG codon, which is located at the beginning of the DNA
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Spartina is a plant that grows in salt marshes. It stores salt in its roots, making the root have a higher salt concentration than the water around them. What is most likely to occur in response to this concentration of salt in the roots?
The most likely thing to occur in response to this concentration of salt in the roots is that the water moves into the roots.
What is Osmosis?This is defined as the process in which solute molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration through a selective permeable membrane.
Since we were told that the root has a higher concentration, then the water will move from the soil to the roots of the plants thereby making the soil drier than before and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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How would removing the operator region from the e. Coli tryptophan operon affect transcription of the trp genes?.
The transcription of the trp genes would still occur even if tryptophan were abundant when the operator region of the E. coli tryptophan operon is removed. By eliminating the operator, transcriptional regulation would be unhindered, and the operon would express under all circumstances.
The E. coli trp operon contains five significant structural genes that code for each of the seven protein functional domains required for the biosynthesis of tryptophan from the common aromatic precursor, chorismate. The trp operon's transcription is tightly controlled. The tryptophan-activated trp repressor controls the initiation of transcription at the trp promoter. The promoter region contains a number of operator sites where the repressor can bind. In response to the buildup of uncharged tRNATrp, transcription attenuation also controls the transcription of the structural genes of the trp operon. This uncharged tRNA can build up and cause ribosomal stalling when the leader peptide coding region is attempted to be translated. As a result, an RNA antiterminator structure that blocks the production of the RNA terminator structure is created. The polymerase is able to continue transcription into the operon's structural genes since the terminator structure is absent. When the cell has enough charged tRNATrp, the ribosome completes the leader peptide synthesis by translating the leader peptide coding region, which enables the formation of the RNA terminator structure and the termination of transcription.
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Which type of heat
islands have higher
surface temperatures
in urban areas
compared to rural
areas?
A. Boundary
B. Surface
C. Canopy
D. Rural
Surface type of heat island have higher surface temperatures in urban areas compared to rural areas.
What is urban areas?Urbanized areas known as heat islands have greater temperatures than nearby rural areas. More than natural landscapes like trees and water bodies, structures like buildings, roads, and other infrastructure reflect and absorb solar heat.
Urban regions, where these constructions are heavily concentrated and there is little foliage, experience "islands" of hotter weather than rural areas.
Daytime highs in metropolitan regions are often 1–7°F higher than those in rural areas, while nighttime highs are typically 2–5°F higher.
Therefore, Surface type of heat island have higher surface temperatures in urban areas compared to rural areas.
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if the haploid number is 7, how many chromosomes are in the gametes of the most modern form of wheat, bread wheat (triticum aestivum)?
The most recent variety of wheat, bread wheat (triticum aestivum), has 21 chromosomes in its gametes.
One or two chromosomes are present in a haploid cell?When N = 23, or the haploid number of chromosomes, is used, we say that 2N = 46 chromosomes make up the human genome. Aneuploid cells are those that lack or have extra chromosomes, whereas euploid cells have entire sets of chromosomes.
The fundamental chromosomal number of wheat, Triticum, is n = 7, and the hexaploid species, Triticum aestivum, has 6n = 42. The organism's haploid chromosome number is the one found in its gametes, which have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.
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What is the value for q for forming all of the bonds in ch3cooh from separated atoms?.
The value for q for forming all of the bonds in CH₃COOH from separated atoms is -3156 kJ.
What are bonds?Bonds are defined as the creation of a chemical compound through the creation of a chemical link between two or more atoms, molecules, or ions. bonds are formed when atoms strive to achieve the most stable (lowest-energy) possible state.
CH₃COOH has 3 C-H bond,1 C-C bond, 1 C=O bond 1 C- O bond and 1 O - H bond.
Bond energy is
C-H bond = 413 kJ/ mole
C-C bond = 346 kJ/ mole
O-H bond = 463 kJ/ mole
C=O bond = 799 kJ/ mole
C-O bond = 358 kJ/ mole
q = - ( 413 x 3 + 346 + 463 + 799 + 358 )
q = - 3205 kJ/ mole
q = -3156 kJ/ mole for 1 mole
Thus, the value for q for forming all of the bonds in CH₃COOH from separated atoms is -3156 kJ.
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HELP 5 MINS OF TEST TIME HEEEELLLPPP
In three to four sentences explain both the positive and negative effects of mutations.
The beneficial mutations help an organism to adapt better in the changing environment. It may also help an organism to reproduce more effectively resulting in an increase in the population in the coming time. The negative effect of mutation is that it may cause serious genetic disorders or even cancer.
Mutation is some change in the sequence of DNA. The change may be in the form of deletion, addition, reversion, duplication, etc. Mutations are generally harmful for an organism. There are also some mutations that do not show any observable character. Such mutations are called silent mutations.
Genetic disorders are the diseases caused due to change in the normal sequence of DNA. Such diseases may be due to mutations or due to unequal distribution of chromosomes during cell division.
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which body region would have the most sensory receptors and in turn have more space dedicated to them in the primary somatosensory cortex?
The area of the body that will have the most sensory receptors and is dedicated to them in the primary somatosensory cortex is a sense of touches such as the skin, soles of the feet, or the palms of the hands.
What is a sensory receptor?A sensory or receptor is an organ or cell that is useful for receiving stimuli. By using this tool, the nervous system recognizes changes in various forms of energy, both in the internal and external environment. 7 sensory systems must be stimulated as early as possible for optimal development, namely tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, olfactory, visual, auditory, and taste.
The primary somatosensory cortex is the anterior portion of the parietal lobe (Brodmann areas 3, 1, and 2), located behind the central area and anterior to the parietal association areas (Brodmann areas 5, 7, 39, and 40). This division receives information from the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. The somatosensory cortex is the main receptive area for the sense of touch, kinesthesia (movement), and proprioception (body position).
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During gene expression, when dna is being transcribed into rna, the non-coding sections are removed. The remaining coding segments are connected. This process is called.
The process in which the non-coding sections of the DNA are removed and the coding sections are connected is referred to as splicing.
After the process of transcription, the mRNA that has been produced in not ready to be translated. This is because it contains the introns and the exons.
The introns are the non-coding region of the DNA whereas the exon is the coding region of the DNA.
The non-coding regions of the DNA do not code for any known proteins and hence are removed before the translation process. The process through which the introns or the non-coding regions are removed is referred to as splicing.
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A tree collects energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and nutrients and water from the soil. The tree also outputs oxygen and water. What type of system is this?.
Type of system where a tree collects energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and nutrients and water from the soil also outputs oxygen and water is called by photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis ?
Photosynthesis is a process of making food by plants, moreover the plants which have chlorophyll by utilizing the support of the sunlight.
How is the process of photosynthesis ?
Photosynthesis includes a process when the chlorophyll present i the leaves captures sunlight , it is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen, hydrogen (water), and glucose which this glucose can be reused by the plant itself or stored in the fruit.
In, conclusion the process which a tree collects energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and nutrients an water from the soil also outputs oxygen and water is called by photosynthesis.
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If water were a nonpolar molecule , how would its properties be different ? A. Water would be able to form hydrogen bonds. B. Water would stick together much more strongly . C. Water would not be able to climb up inside plants. D. Water would be a much heavier molecule .
Answer:
Cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and surface tension: would decrease because without the +/-‐ polarity, water would not form hydrogen bonds between H20 molecules.
Explanation:
Please give me brainlist answer
Answer:
The correct answer is obviously B. water would stick together much more strongly
Explanation:
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During the most recent glacial period, glaciers slowly moved across the region now known as the northern United States, carving up and deepening ancient valleys. When the glacial period ended, what most likely happened to these deep valleys?
A.
They became lakes.
B.
They were filled with molten lava.
C.
They formed cliffs.
D.
They became mountain ranges.
The glacial period ended They became lakes most likely happened to these deep valleys.
When was the glacial period?Between 120,000 and 11,500 years ago, the most last glacial period took place. The Holocene, an interglacial period since then, is now taking place on Earth. Compared to interglacial eras, glacial periods are often colder, dustier, and drier.
How many glacial periods were there?Over the course of Earth's history, there have been at least five significant ice ages, the most recent of which began around 3 million years ago and is still going on today (yes, we are living in an ice age!). The warm interglacial we are seeing now started roughly 11,000 years ago.
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