Cellular functions continuously drain ATP, which is then replenished by cellular respiration (resulting in a high turnover rate). Energy is generated and nutrients are used intracellularly, inside the cell.
What is cellular respiration?
A sequence of chemical processes known as cellular respiration convert glucose into ATP, which can then be used as energy for a variety of bodily functions. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are the three basic processes that take place during cellular respiration.
What is ATP?
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate abbreviated as ATP. At the cellular level, energy is used and stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenine, ribose, and three serially bound phosphate groups make up the structure of ATP, which is a nucleoside triphosphate.
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the giant amoeba ____________________ can be ____________________ micrometers in diameter
Amoeboid species and cells have a wide range of sizes.Only 2.3 to 3 micrometers in diameter, or within the range of many bacteria, is the ocean amoeboid Massisteria voersi.
How big is an amoeba in diameter?The average amoeba size ranges from 2.3 micrometers to 2,000 micrometers.Massisteria voersi, a marine amoeboid, has a diameter of only 2.3 to 3 micrometers.
What amoeba is the tiniest?Disk-shaped Dictyostelium In addition to being known as a slime mould, the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum also goes by the more endearing name Dicty.The most of the time, Dicty exists as a solitary cell, searching the vegetation for bacteria to consume.
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the binding and release of sodium or potassium ions are due to conformational changes in the protein.
Yes it is True, the sodium-potassium pump is a trans-membrane protein.
What is sodium-potassium pump?
The sodium-potassium pump system transports sodium and potassium ions up and down steep concentration gradients. It pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and into the extracellular fluid while pumping two potassium ions into the cell where potassium levels are high.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump?
The Na+ K+-ATPase pump aids in the preservation of membrane potential and osmotic balance in living cells. The gradients of concentration are resisted by the sodium and potassium. The gradient between a higher quantity of sodium extracellularly and a higher level of potassium intracellularly is maintained by the Na+ K+-ATPase pump.
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Which of the following best describes the process in which a cell creates an mRNA from DNA inside the nucleus of the cell?answer choicesO TranscriptionO TranslationO MitosisO DNA Replication
Answer:
A. Transcription
Explanation:
❌B. is not the answer because:
Translation is the process where mRNA is converted to proteins inside the ribosome❌C. is not the answer because:
Mitosis is the process where a body cell divides into 2 congruent cells for growth and repair❌D. is not the answer because:
DNA Replication is the process of doubling the amount of DNA in the nucleus before mitosis or meiosis occursresearchers recorded that a certain bacteria population declined from 270,000 to 200 in 36 hours. at this rate of decay, how many bacteria will there be in 18 hours? round to the nearest whole number
researchers recorded that a certain bacteria population declined from 270,000 to 200 in 36 hours. at this rate of decay, 3985200 bacteria will there be in 18 hours
What is the rate of decay?The rate of radioactive decay, also known as the rate of decay, tells us how quickly the decaying nuclei change over time. The activity of the unstable atom will be revealed if the decay rate is taken as an absolute value.
Given that,
A = 200
A₀= 270000
K=?
t= 36 hours
A=A₀[tex]e^k[/tex]t
Substitute the values in the formula.
200 = 270000 [tex]e^k[/tex] 36
Solve for k.
Divide each side by 270000.
7.41 × 10⁻⁴ = ek 36
Take the natural log of each side.
or, ln (7.41 × 10⁻⁴ ) = lnek 36
or, ln (7.41 × 10⁻⁴ ) =36 k lne
or, ln (7.41 × 10⁻⁴ ) = 36 k
or, -7.21 = 36 k
or, k = - 0.2003
We use this rate of growth to predict the number of bacteria there will be in 18 hours.
A=A₀[tex]e^k[/tex]t
Putting the values we get -
or, A = 270,000 × (0.82) × (18)
or, A = 3985200
At this rate of decay, researchers can expect 3985200 bacteria.
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Approximately what portion of the human genome is composed of repetitive, noncoding sequences? 2% 1% 10% More than half 100%
The majority of the human genome more than 50% is made up of repetitive, non-coding sequences.
What is the genome of a human?The total collection of DNA instructions present in a cell makes up the genome. The human genome is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes that are found inside the cell's nucleus and one tiny chromosomal that is found in the mitochondria.
What are the 3 types of genomes?As we discovered in the previous example, there are three genome types that exist since the mutation is A–G: AA, AG, and GG. The GG type of these three genome kinds has the most anti-alcohol activity, whereas the AA type has the least activity and can barely digest alcohol.
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Carbon dioxide can combine with water in the body to produce carbonic acid. This can lead to a condition called acidosis. Explain how the body’s respiratory system will respond to acidosis.
Explanation:
Acidosis is a condition in which the body's pH level becomes too acidic, typically as a result of excessive production of carbonic acid. The body's respiratory system is one of the key systems involved in regulating pH levels. When acidosis occurs, the respiratory system responds by increasing the rate and depth of breathing, which helps to blow off excess carbon dioxide from the body. This helps to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decrease the production of carbonic acid, which can help to restore the body's pH levels to normal. In severe cases of acidosis, the respiratory system may be unable to compensate for the excess acid in the body, which can lead to respiratory failure and other serious complications.
art A Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? a) any sagittal plane except in the midline b)two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves c) a transverse cut just above the knees c)any cul dividing' the body into anterior and posterior portions Submit Request Answer
Among the following (A) any sagittal plane except in the midline describes a parasagittal plane.
The body is divided into right and left portions by an anatomical plane called the sagittal plane, also referred to as the longitudinal plane. It runs in a direction that is perpendicular to both the transverse and the coronal planes. The axis may be located in the middle of the body, in which case it will split the body into two equal portions, or it may be located further from the midline, so in that case, it will divide the body into sections of different sizes. So option A is the right one.
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which white blood cell differentiates into macrophages in the tissue?
For one to three days, monocytes circulate in the blood before migrating into bodily tissues, where they develop into macrophages.
Which kind of white blood cell may develop into a macrophage?One of the main subgroups of immune system's white blood cells, monocytes, differentiate into macrophages.
What white blood cell can develop into the a macrophage on tissues?a specific kind of immune cell that is produced in the bone marrow and circulates through the blood to bodily tissues where it develops into a macrophage or a dendritic cell.Macrophages encircle and kill bacteria, consume foreign substances, eliminate dead cells, and enhance immune responses.
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What body region of the mollusk is makes the shell of the organism?
a. Head/Foot
b. Mantle
c. Shell
d. Visceral Mass
3. Allostichaster polyplax is a species of sea star that reprodu
Answer: The mantle
Explanation:
Mollusks also have an extension of the body wall called the mantle. This portion of the animal's anatomy is responsible for secreting the shell. The mantle encloses the mantle cavity which contains the Ctenidia (gills), anus and excretory pores.
a client has been experiencing a decrease in serum calcium. after diagnostics, the physician proposes the calcium level fluctuation is due to altered parathyroid function. what is the typical number of parathyroid glands?
There are typically four parathyroid glands in each person.
The thyroid gland contains four parathyroid glands, which secrete the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Another hormone, calcitonin, is secreted by so-called C cells that are scattered throughout the thyroid gland, parathyroids, and thymus. The preservation of calcium homeostasis is significantly influenced by both hormones.
PTH, a polypeptide secreted in response to hypocalcemia, increases renal calcium reabsorption, mobilizes calcium from bones by stimulating osteoclastic activity, stimulates the absorption of calcium from the small intestine in the presence of sufficient amounts of vitamin D, and lowers plasma inorganic phosphate levels by inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption.
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6.8. In SIR models; what two things drive the transmission rate, 8? a)The frequency of contact between susceptible and infected individuals and the length of the infectious period b)The frequency of contact between susceptible and infected individuals and the probability of infection per contact event c)The length of the infectious period and the probability of infection per contact event d)The number of recovered individuals and the probability of infection per contact event Submit
The likelihood of infection per contact event and the frequency of contact between susceptible and infected people are what determine the transmission rate.
How do the Sir models function?
The SIR model classifies every member of the population into one of three groups at any one time: those who are prone to illness, those who are infected, and those who have been "removed."
What is the SIR model's core relationship?One of the simplest compartmental models is the SIR model, named after its three compartments (susceptible, infected, and recovered). According to this hypothesis, the infection process starts when a susceptible person comes into contact with an infected person.
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If the DNA of the provirus is transcribed
A latent contamination outcomes while the provirus is transcriptionally silent in place of activation then the DNA of the provirus is transcribed.
Proviral DNA. An inactive viral shape that has been incorporated into the genes of a number mobileular. For example, while HIV enters a number CD4 mobileular, HIV , RNA is first modified to HIV DNA (provirus). The HIV provirus then receives inserted into the DNA of the CD4 mobileular.
After a retrovirus enters a number mobileular, opposite transcriptase converts the retroviral RNA genome into double-stranded DNA. This viral DNA then migrates to the nucleus and turns into incorporated into the host genome.In a effective contamination, the provirus is transcribed into messenger RNA which without delay produces new virus, which in flip will infect different cells through the lytic cycle.
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what are reasons to be concerned about the loss of biodiversity worldwide? multiple select question.
Reasons to be concerned about the loss of biodiversity worldwideThe phrase biodiversity describes the diversity of life on Earth at all scales, from genes to ecosystems, and can also include the ecological, evolutionary, and cultural processes that support life.
The most intricate and crucial aspect of our world is its biodiversity.These frequently function as a component of a methodical endeavor that results in a significant alteration of a landscape's or a region's ecological trajectory. In order to obtain and produce food, alter the landscape to accommodate human settlement, and create possibilities for trading with other people in order to increase wealth, humans may alter the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems they depend on as human populations increase. Usually, these processes are accompanied with biodiversity losses.
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what type of synovial joint allows a bone to turn on its longitudinal axis? multiple choice question.
Pivot joint is the type of synovial joint allows a bone to rotate around its longitudinal axis that is option A is correct.
Pivot joints allow free rotation around the single axis. Pivot joints are present in the arm and neck. In this type of joint, a cylinder-shaped bone rotates inside the other bone or ligament and thereby appears like a ring around the joint. The joint of the wrist also allows the palm of the hand to be turned up and down is also an example of pivot joint. A synovial joint is a type of joint which is found between bones that move against each other in a similar fashion as the joints of the limbs. The other different types of synovial joints are Ball-and-socket joints, Pivot joints and Ellipsoidal joints.
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Complete Question:
what type of synovial joint allows a bone to rotate around its longitudinal axis? multiple choice question.
A. Pivot joint
B. Ellipsoidal joint
C. Ball and socket joint
of fungi, metazoa, and plantae, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?
Metazoan phylum of Fungi generally represents one of a category of creatures that have body structures consisting of specialized cell types in order to form distinct organ structures. Usually, they possess a gastrointestinal canal surrounded by particular cell types.
The chitin in fungi's cell walls distinguishes them from plants, bacteria, and some protists, which all belong to the same kingdom. Animals also absorb dissolved molecules, and fungi do the same thing by consuming them and releasing digestive enzymes into the environment. Not all fungi photosynthesize. Except for spores (some of which are flagellated), which may travel via the air or water, their mode of propulsion is growth. The main decomposers in ecological systems are fungi. Molecular phylogenetics largely supports this perspective, which divides fungi into a single clade of related species known as the Eumycota (real fungus or Eumycetes) that shared an ancestor (i.e., they form a monophyletic group).
The complete question is:
Of Fungi, Metazoa, and Plantae, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?
a. Metazoa and Plantae
b. Fungi and Plantae
c. Fungi and Metazoa
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which of the following types of cells, found in connective tissue, are the most abundant?
The most prevalent form of connective tissue cells are fibroblasts. Both fibers and an amorphous ground substance are produced by them.
Only the oval nuclei are typically visible. The aforementioned fibers are found in close proximity to these cells. Fibroblasts are visible in the tendon as elongate nuclei situated in between collagen fibers.
Although they are often categorized among the connective tissues, skeletal tissues, cartilage, and bone have highly specific structures and functions that are discussed in Chapter 5. Similar to the general connective tissues, these specialized varieties are distinguished by their extracellular matrix, which constitutes the bulk of the tissues and is in charge of their characteristics.
Compared to cells found in ordinary connective tissues, resident cells are unique. Both mature chondrocytes and chondroblasts, which produce the matrix, are found in cartilage. Osteoblasts create the matrix of the bone. Osteocytes, their mature progeny, are embedded within the matrix, which they assist in mineralizing, renewing, and maintaining.
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QUESTION - Which cell type is most abundant in connective tissue?
A. Macrophages
B. Adipocyte
C. White blood cell
D. Melanocyte
E. Fibroblast
Which statement best describes the influence that parents have on whether or not offspring inherit a genetically inherited trait? A. Each parent contributes two alleles. B. Each parent contributes one allele. C. Each parent contributes one chromosome. D. Each parent contributes two chromosomes.
Each parent contributes one allele describes the influence that parents have on whether or not offspring inherit a genetically inherited trait.
What is inherit a genetically inherited trait?Allele is a form of gene present on the chromosome. Human have 2 alleles for a trait on a chromosome. Each parent contributes one of its allele to the progeny. The alleles for the gene are present on the same locus of chromosomes.The alleles are either dominant or recessive. The contribution of alleles and the expression of trait decide the alleles of offspring.The phenotype is determined by the allele expressed as short or tall and human ABO blood type.An allele is sequence of DNA. The organism having two same alleles are homozygous and having two different alleles are heterozygous.All traits of individuals are determined by specific genes of that trait. For example, there is a certain gene for height, certain gene for eye color, face shape etc.Genes are the units of hereditary, and for every trait there is one gene in every organism. However, one gene is present in two alternative forms called alleles in an organism. For example: There is a trait height, a person has two alleles for the height gene, one allele is for short height, and other allele is for tall height. The trait of tallness is dominant over the trait of shortness, Therefore, this person will have tall height.Now the alleles are transmitted from parents to offspring. Every parent contributes one allele for a specific trait, in the process and transmit it to offspring.The allele which will be dominant will be expressed while the one that is recessive will e suppressed.Therefore, option D is the right answer.
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use the figure to compare the quantity of carbon present in the atmosphere to that present in fossil fuels. what percent of the carbon in the fossil fuel compartment would double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere if it was burned?
When burned, 0.003% of the carbon in the fossil fuel compartment would cause a twofold increase in atmospheric carbon.
What is carbon used for?Coal, methane gas, and crude oil are all utilized as fuels (which is used to make gasoline). It is employed to create a variety of products, including plastic and metal alloys (a combination of carbon and iron). Even black ink for printers and painting is produced with it.
Why is carbon so important?All life on Earth depends on the atom carbon. Whether these life forms use charcoal to aid in food production or expel carbon through respiration, both intake and output of carbon are a constant.
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What one characteristic do all viruses have in common?
All viruses have nucleic acids in common.
A capsid is a protein covering that contains nucleic acids, which can be either DNA or RNA, that make up every virus. By procreating within the cells of the host, they all have an effect on various organisms. The virus is the smallest microbe. Some calculations state that 500 million rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, could fit on the head of a pin. Being able to exclusively exist and reproduce inside the cells of other living things sets them apart from other living things. They only procreate within the host cell. A virus is made up of a genetic material core, either DNA or RNA, that is coated in a protein-based capsid that acts as its protective.
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Handedness (whether you are right or left-handed) shows a 79% concordance in monozygotic twins and a 77% concordance in dizygotic twins. Using this information, do you expect handedness to have a large genetic influence?
No, although the concordance numbers are high, they are similar between MZ and DZ twins.
Yes, the concordance numbers are high in both MZ and DZ twins
Yes, the concordance numbers are high in both MZ twins
No, concordance is not 100%
Given this information, handedness is predicted to have a significant genetic component.
What exactly are monozygotic twins?Monozygotic twins, commonly referred to as identical twins, are created when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in the fertilized egg dividing into two. The genomes of identical twins are the same, and they are always the same gender. When one sperm and one egg are combined, monozygotic twins are the result. When two sperm and two eggs are combined, dizygotic twins are produced.
When a single egg cell and a single sperm cell fertilize each other, MZ twins, also referred to as identical twins, are created. Early in development, the resulting zygote divides into two, giving rise to the development of two distinct embryos.
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If energy is not being used to transport the oxygen particles into the cell, what type of membrane transport is most likely taking place by a carrier protein?
A. osmosis
B. simple diffusion
C. active transport
D. facilitated diffusion
The type of transport which is most likely taking place by a carrier protein is called the facilitated diffusion.
What is facilitated diffusion?Facilitated diffusion or passive transport involves a substance diffusing down a concentration gradient across a membrane without requiring the cell to expend any energy.
A concentration gradient is simply a region of space where the concentration of a substance changes, and substances will naturally move down gradients, from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area.
Some molecules, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane, but others require assistance to cross its hydrophobic core. Molecular diffusion occurs when molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins such as channels and carriers.
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Which type of noncovalent interaction supports the double helix of DNA, and produces the base pairings A-T and G-C?
a. ion-dipole interactions
b. dipole-dipole forces
c. ion-ion interactions
d. london dispersion forces
e. hydrogen bonding
DNA's double helix is supported by hydrogen bonds, which also provide the base pairings A-T and G-C.
When the DNA helix is split apart for replication, and two strands stable?Topoisomerases (red) (red) minimize torsional strain brought on by DNA double helix unwinding; DNA helicase (yellow) breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary base-pairs; single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) stabilize the split strands and stop them from coming back together.
What is the enzyme responsible for dividing the two strands of DNA during replication?The Enzymes called helicases can modify or bind to nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. Both DNA and RNA have helicases. Because they convert double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA, DNA helicases are necessary for DNA replication.
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find the mass of a 50ml quantity of water if the density of the water is 100g/ml.
Answer: 5000 g
Explanation: As the equation for density is D = M/V we can plug in our available units:
Density (D) = 100
Volume (V) = 50
ml is milliliters which means that that is our volume.
If you plug in these numbers you are left with the equation:
100= M/50
Solving this for M:
x50 100 = M/50 x50
5000 = m
This leads us to 5000 grams (from our density amount which is g/ml).
An organism that is eukaryotic, multicellular, and lacks a cell wall would be classified in which kingdom : (Choose all the apply)
A- Protista
B- Fungi
C- Animalia
D- Archaebacteria
E- Eubacteria
The correct answer to the given question of organism and it's kingdom is option C. Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia is characterized by heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and whose cells lack cell walls.
Kingdom citizens Despite the fact that they are unable to produce their own sustenance, which is one of the most distinctive characteristics of plants, Animalia lack a cell wall, which is present in plant cells. With the exception of a few, the majority of animals are mobile, which helps them, among other things, to successfully respond to stimuli and seek food. Additionally, one can go deeper into the structure, sexuality, and growth traits of animals.
The classification diagram for the animal kingdom makes it easier to understand the various groups that animals fall under. The group's knowledge of many animal kingdom facts is also aided by the kingdom chart.
Animals are typically divided into two categories:
Vertebrates (animals having a backbone)
Animals that are invertebrate(animal without backbone).
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dihybrid cross: black fur in mice (b) is dominant to brown fur (b). the short tail trait (t) is dominant to long tails (t). what proportion of the progeny of the cross bbtt x bbtt will have black fur and long tails?
Black fur and long tails will be present in half of the offspring of the bbtt x bbtt hybrid.
How many of the offspring of the BBtt X BBtt hybrid will have long, black tails?50% of all creatures will have characteristic long tails and black fur. Explained: The given cross is a form of back cross in which a recessive parent and an organism from the f1 generation are combined. There will be 50% BbTt and 50% BBtt as a result.
What genotype do the mice have that have black fur?The black mouse under investigation may have the BB or Bb genotype, according to Mendelian genetics. It would be cross-tested with a genotype bb (white fur phenotypic) in order to ascertain the genotype.
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how is the proton gradient affected when the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane is increased
Increased mitochondrial membrane permeability results in a buildup of oxygen inside the mitochondrial matrix and a decrease in NADH oxidation as well as a decrease in the ability to pump hydrogens into the intermembrane gap ( this will stay in its reduced form).
What is mitochondrial membrane ?
As is typical of energy-transducing membranes, the mitochondrial membrane is a lamellar array rich in proteins. By fractionating the lamellae and isolating the numerous protein complexes buried within, the chemistry of its operation as a respiratory unit was ascertained. So that four electron-transport protein complexes may be resolved, the inner mitochondrial membrane can be divided and fractionated.
Initially, EMR was used to analyze these preparations in order to spectroscopically determine the metal ion composition of each of the protein complexes, which each include transition metal ions. The addition of exogenous substances like reductants and recognized enzyme substrates could change the EMR signal, it was soon discovered. Investigations of soluble proteins that were similar to those of the studies of mitochondrial protein complexes,63–73,98 were also conducted.
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A species that is thought of as r-selected
will have all of the following
characteristics EXCEPT
A. many small offspring
B. high parental care
C. high population growth rate
D. early reproductive age
Answer:
B. High parental care
Explanation:
according to the equilibrium hypothesis, in an established ecosystem, if a new species flourishes:
The equilibrium hypothesis states that introducing a new species to an ecosystem isolated habitat will result in the extinction of an existing species.
Animals are the amazing engineers of nature, creating some of the most magnificent constructions we have ever seen. Some of these species demonstrate their strength by building enormous termite mounds, intricate anthills, and sturdy dams.There are numerous well-known examples of ecosystem engineers, such as beavers, woodpeckers or other cavity-nesting birds, and burrowing creatures that make tunnels that are useful to a variety of species.They create nutrients for other animals, as well as nutrients fortifying the soil via their faeces, which in turn gives nutrients for plants (which, yes, means that plants are also consumers). Many animals, like horses, cattle, and deer, only eat plants; we'll refer to these animals as grazers.Animals aid in plant reproduction by dispersing seeds and transporting pollen from one plant to another. Small mammals and insects assist lessen damage caused by caterpillars, rabbits, and other plant-eating animals.
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Why is gaining electrons called reduction?
Gaining electrons is called reduction because the electron gain is associated with a decrease in the oxidation state of the atoms involved. In other words, the atom has been reduced from its original oxidation state.
It is the opposite of oxidation, which is the process of losing electrons. In a chemical reaction, when one substance gains electrons, it is said to be reduced, while when a substance loses electrons it is said to be oxidized. This is because the oxidation state is determined by the number of electrons in a substance, and when the number of electrons increases, the oxidation state decreases.
Oxidation is the process of losing electrons, while reduction is the process of gaining electrons. Oxidation occurs when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, making it more positively charged. Reduction occurs when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, making it more negatively charged.
Electron-reduction is a type of chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, resulting in the reduction of one molecule and the oxidation of another.
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inhibitors of the electron transport system, such as cyanide (cn-) and carbon monoxide (co), inhibit complex iv by binding to the heme iron cofactor. what is the resulting effect on oxidative phosphorylation?
The resulting effect on oxidative phosphorylation is that electron transport is disabled, and no protons are pumped.
In proteins containing heme, cyanide binds to Fe³⁺. This prevents the electron transport chain's terminal cytochrome complex IV from functioning. Cyanide's blockade of complex IV depletes ATP, which leads to cell death. Cytochrome a3 that has been reduced cannot be reoxidized by oxygen. As a result, both cellular respiration and ATP generation are hindered, effectively depriving the cells, tissues, and ultimately the entire body of oxygen. Reduced oxygen saturation and metabolic acidosis develop as a result of hypoxia. The severity of cyanide poisoning is indicated by the degree of lactic acidosis. Plasma lactate is a sign of cyanide poisoning in a collapsed person. Up to 98% of the cyanide present in the bloodstream during severe cyanide poisonings is firmly attached to red blood cells.
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