A weather balloon calibrated at 0.00 °C to have a volume of 12.0 L has what volume at -42.0 °C assuming pressure is held constant?

Answer:

What is matter? Matter is everything around you. Atoms and compounds are all made of very small parts of matter. Those atoms go on to build the things you see and touch every day. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space (it has volume).

What is mass? Mass is the amount of matter in an object. You might have a small object with a lot of mass such as a statue made of lead (Pb). You might have a large object with very little mass such as a balloon filled with helium (He). You should also know there is a difference between mass and weight. Mass is a measure of the matter in an object while weight is a measure of gravity’s pull on an object.

In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates (in extreme cold), neutron-degenerate matter (in extreme density), and quark–gluon plasma (at extremely high energy). For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.

Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, and contains neutral atoms as well as a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely.

Explanation:

The compound's empirical formula is CH3O.

Empirical formula is the chemical formula for compounds which do not define the precise number or arrangement of atoms but just the quantities of the components they contain. This would be the component of the compound with the smallest whole number ratio.

Empirical formula is beneficial since figuring out the molecular formula may be immensely aided by knowing the relative amounts of each constituent in a molecule. It's crucial to have an n-value in order to figure out the real number of each atom in a molecule.

n(CO2) = n(C) = m/M = 6.557/44 = 0.148 mol

m(C) = 0.148 x 12 = 1.788g

n(H2O) = 0.5n(H) = 5/22.4 = 0.223g/18 = 0.024 mol

m(H) = 2 x 0.024 = 0.048g

m(O) = 4.624 - 1.788 - 0.048 = 2.788g

n(H) = 2 x 0.174 = 0.348 mol

n(O) = 2.788/16 = 0.174 mol

n(C):n(H):n(O) = 0.148:0.348:0.174 = 1:3:1

Empirical formula is CH3O

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The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made up of minute particles with space in between them that move randomly. The theory is based on the fact that matter is composed of small particles.

Based on the atoms of an ideal gas, KMT has five hypotheses:

1. Gases are made up of several molecules moving randomly and constantly in linear motion.

2. The volume of all the molecules is dwarfed by the volume of the gas as a whole.

3. Intermolecular forces are negligible.

4. The average kinetic energy of every molecule in the gas stays constant as long as the temperature stays constant. Molecular collisions are therefore entirely elastic.

5. The average kinetic energy of all molecules in a gas depends on its absolute temperature. This shows that at any temperature, gas molecules in equilibrium have the same average kinetic energy (but NOT the same velocity and mass).

The kinetic-molecular theory, a theory that characterizes the states of matter, is based on the presumption that matter is composed of small particles that are constantly in motion. The theory clarifies observed properties and behaviors of gases, liquids, and solids.

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Answer:

1.) NH₄

Explanation:

Atoms are depicted by letters in chemical formulas. Nitrogen atoms are represented by the letter "N" and hydrogen atoms are represented by the letter "H". One letter indicates one atom.

As such, if there is 1 nitrogen atom and 4 hydrogen atoms in ammonium, the chemical formula is NH₄.

The ion is the indium ion. There are no unpaired electrons in the ground state of this ion.

Electronic configuration can be described as the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus.

The electron configuration of atoms shows the arrangement of the electrons of the atom in specific atomic orbitals. The electron configuration of the atom can be used to identify the atom or the ion.

Indium forms the ion with a charge of +1 after the removal of one electron from the 5p orbital. This results in an electron configuration of  [Kr]4d105s2 where all subshells are fully filled.

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The reason as given that; "water has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2 by volume" given is true for the assertion.

The term electrolysis has to do with the a process in which there is the decomposition of a substance by the passage of direct current through it. The direct current is often obtained from a battery or any other source that could yield the direct current.

Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. There are two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen in water. This is why we say that water has a ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen to oxygen.

Having explained all of these, it is a the reason given is true for the assertion.

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5.65⋅10∧17 photons is the energy of one photon produced by this laser

E=3.716⋅10−19J

There are two methods for calculating a photon's energy: The equation E = h f can be used if we are aware of the photon's frequency. This equation, which is often referred to as Planck's equation, was created by Max Planck. The equation E = h c may be used to determine a photon's energy if its wavelength is known.

In the standard model of particle physics, the photon is a fundamental particle. It has no discernible wavelength. The table describes it as a point particle with mass 0 and spin 1.

Laser light is monochromatic, which is a key distinction between it and light produced by white light sources (like a lightbulb).

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Answer:

93.7 feet

Explanation:

To convert meters to feet, all you have to do is multiply by 3.281.

Hope this helped! :)

Scientific experimentation to provide the basis for scientific knowledge

A scientific experiment is any process in which measurements are used and tests are carried out to verify or refute a hypothesis and the hypothesis is a proposition that appears to be true, but has not yet been corroborated, and from which an investigation can be developed and experiment plays many roles in science and one of its important roles is to test theories and to provide the basis for scientific knowledge and it can also call for a new theory, either by showing that an accepted theory is incorrect, or by exhibiting a new phenomenon that is in need

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Nuclear reactions such as that of uranium alpha particle involves a change in an atom's nucleus and produces a different element.

Non-nuclear reactions such as reaction of sodium with chlorine on the other hand, involve only a rearrangement of electrons and do not involve changes in the nuclei.

A nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides.

There are some differences between a nuclear reaction and a non nuclear reaction.

Nuclear reactions involve a change in an atom's nucleus, usually producing a different element. Non nuclear reactions, on the opposite end involve only a rearrangement of electrons and do not involve changes in the nuclei.

In conclusion, nuclear reaction are processes in which one or more nuclides are produced from a collision between two nuclei or one nucleus and a subatomic particle.

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The standard enthalpy of reaction in the thermochemical equation:

2 Al(s) + Fe₂O₃ (s) → 2 Fe(s) + Al₂O₃ (s) is  859.3 kJ/mol

The enthalpy of a given reaction is the amount of heat given off or absorbed when reactants react to form products in that reaction.

A reaction having negative enthalpy change indicates that heat is given off in the  reaction and the reaction is said to be exothermic.

A reaction having positive enthalpy change indicates that heat is absorbed in the  reaction and the reaction is said to be endothermic.

The amount of heat given off or the enthalpy change when one mole of aluminum metal completely reacts with iron(III) oxide to form aluminum oxide and iron metal is 429.6 kJ of heat.

The correct value for the standard enthalpy of reaction in the thermochemical equation below is determined as follows:

2 Al(s) + Fe₂O₃ (s) → 2 Fe(s) + Al₂O₃ (s)

According to the equation of the reaction,  two moles of aluminum reacts completely with iron(III) oxide to form aluminum oxide and iron metal.

The standard enthalpy of reaction = 429.6 kJ/mol * 2

The standard enthalpy of reaction = 859.3 kJ/mol

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A physical change is a change from one state of matter to another; a chemical change results in the formation of a new substance.

Examples of physical changes include changes in the composition or size of materials. Physical changes include changes from one state to another, for as going from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas. Some of the processes that result in physical changes are cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting.

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Answer:

The reaction of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate is written as H_3C_6H_5O_7(aq) + 3 NaHCO_3(aq)

Explanation:

The following are true about the chemical formula;

The chemical formula of a compound is the representation of the substance of paper. We can use the chemical formula of a compound to show the way that the compounds are or the atoms that compose them.

The following are true about the chemical formula;

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The empirical formula of the original compound given the combustion analysis data is C₂H₄O

Mass of C = (12 / 44) × 8.802

Mass of C = 2.4 g

Mass of H = (2 / 18) × 3.604

Mass of H = 0.4 g

How to determine the mass of O

Mass of O = (mass of compound) – (mass of C + mass of H)

Mass of O = 4.406 – (2.4 + 0.4)

Mass of O = 1.606 g

Divide by their molar mass

C = 2.4 / 12 = 0.2

H = 0.4 / 1 = 0.4

O = 1.606 / 16 = 0.1

Divide by the smallest

C = 0.2 / 0.1 = 2

H = 0.4 / 0.1 = 4

O = 0.1 / 0.1 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is C₂H₄O

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Answer:

0.0939 moles Cu

Explanation:

To find the amount of copper in moles, you need to multiply the given mass (g) by the atomic mass (g/mol) of copper. The atomic mass is a ratio which represents the mass of copper per every 1 mole. The ratio should be arranged in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (grams should be in the denominator to cancel the units of the starting mass). The final answer should have 3 sig figs like the given value (5.97 g = 3 sig figs).

Atomic Mass (Cu): 63.546 g/mol

 5.97 g Cu            1 mole
------------------  x  ------------------  =  0.0939 moles Cu
                            63.546 g

We can predict formula of ionic compounds by:

These are the few guidelines we can use to product formula.

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The second circle has the greatest number of species diversity .

The term genetic diversity has to do with the existence of different species in a habitat. We know that due to natural selection, only the organisms that have traits that enable them to survive longer and reproduce are better adapted in the ecosystem. Thus, other species may begin to dwindle and even disappear in the ecosystem.

Genetic diversity ensures that there are different species in the habitat. In each circle, we see that the colors represent the different species of the organisms in the habitat. The habitat with the most number of different colors is the habitat that has the greatest magnitude of species diversity.

Hence, the second circle has the greatest number of species diversity as indicated in the image attached to this answer.

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The strongest ion-dipole interaction with water is T13+ than Cd²+ than Na+.

An ion-dipole interaction is defined as the intermolecular force of attraction present between the charged ion (anion or cation) and the molecule. It is mainly found in the solution where the ionic compounds dissolved in the polar solvents.

The strength of ion-dipole interactions is mainly dependent on the distance and the charge. Ionic charge goes on increasing moving across a period on the periodic table.

Since, charge on Ti is 3 and greater than Cd which is greater than Na.

Thus, we concluded that the strongest ion-dipole interaction with water is T13+ than Cd²+ than Na+.

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Radioisotopes like Chlorine-36 is used for dating groundwater, Uranium-238 is used for analyzing rocks, Carbon-14 is used for dating bones whereas Cobalt-60 is used in killing cancerous cells.

The radionuclides of a heavy element are known as radioisotopes. They are atoms that have an unstable mix of protons and neutrons. In their nucleus, there is excess energy.

Some elements could have one or more unstable isotopes. These unstable isotopes cause gamma rays and the Alpha particles they release to decay.

Radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes are isotopes that are unstable owing to the presence of additional neutrons in their nuclei and produce different forms of radiation.

For instance: Uranium-238, Cobalt-60, Carbon-14, and Chlorine-36

Use of Radioisotopes:

(i) Cancer patients receive therapy using them.

(ii) They are used to evaluate rock formations

(iii) To date groundwater

(iv) To date bones

(v) Medical professionals utilize radioactive isotopes as "tracers" to find malignancies and blood clots in patients.

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103 Neutrons. You take the Mass rounded and subtract it with the atomic #

Zinc has work function (Φ) of 4.3 eV. The longest wavelength of the light is 2.885nm.

In solid-state physics, work function (sometimes spelled work function) is the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e., energy) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface. Here "immediately" means that the final electron position is far from the surface on atomic scale, but still too close to the solid to be influenced by ambient electric fields in the vacuum.

The work function is not a characteristic of a bulk material, but rather a property of the surface of material (depending on crystal face and contamination).

The work function refers to removal of an electron to a position that is far enough from the surface (many nm) that the force between electron and its image charge in the surface can be neglected. The electron must also be close to the surface compared to the nearest edge of a crystal facet, or to any other change in surface structure, such as a change in material composition, surface coating or reconstruction. The built-in electric field that results from these structures, and any other ambient electric field present in vacuum, are excluded in defining the work function.

From the question we are told that,

The work function of Zinc is  [tex]W=4.3eV[/tex]

Generally, work function can be mathematically represented as

[tex]E_{o} = \frac{hc}{ λ long}[/tex]

⇒[tex]λ long=\frac{hc}{E_{o} }[/tex]

Here  h is Planck constant with the value h= [tex]4.1357*10^{-15} eV[/tex]*

and c is the speed of the light with value  c= [tex]3.0*10^{8}m/s[/tex]

So,

⇒λ[tex]_{long}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{4.1357*10^{-15}*3*10^{8} }{4.3}[/tex]

       = [tex]2.885*10^{-7}[/tex]m

        = 2.885nm

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Answer:

Matter either loses or absorbs energy when it changes from one state to another. For example, when matter changes from a liquid to a solid, it loses energy

A wild fire could enable more nutrients to renter the soil.

A wild fire is a situation in which fire consumes a large portion of the ecosystem. This is common in summer when the temperatures are very high and the sun is blazing. The outrageous heat could lead to fires that begin to blaze and destroy the vegetations and the entire ecosystem.

Traditionally, we have been told that this could be a very destructive occurrence and that it could lead to the destruction of the ecosystem and death of trees.

However, recent evidence suggests that there could be some benefits to wild fires in the sense that it clears the forest floors and enables nutrients to reenter the soil.  As such, as the forest recovers, the plant and the animal species continue to experience a boom.

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Answer:Adding or removing energy from matter causes a physical change as matter moves from one state to another. For example, adding thermal energy (heat) to liquid water causes it to become steam or vapor (a gas). And removing energy from liquid water causes it to become ice (a solid)

Explanation:

The molar mass of  Co(NO₃)₂ is 182.9 g/mol.

The molar mass of a compound is the mass of one mole of that compound.

The molar mass of a compound is determined from the sum of the atomic masses of the elements in the compound.

The molar of  Co(NO₃)₂ is determined as follows:

atomic mass of Co = 58.9 g/mol

atomic mass of N = 14 g/mol

atomic mass of O = 32 g/mol

Molar mass of  Co(NO₃)₂ = 58.9 + 2 *  (14 + 16 * 3)

Molar mass of  Co(NO₃)₂ = 182.9 g/mol

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The volume of the platinum solid is determined as 8.16 cm³.

The volume of the  platinum solid is calculated from its density and mass as shown below.

V = m/ρ

where;

Volume of the platinum solid is calculated as follows;

V = 175 g / 21.45 g/cm³

V = 8.16 cm³

Thus, the volume of the platinum solid is determined as 8.16 cm³.

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The amount of work involved in a chemical reaction is 236.9 J.

The energy required to move a system or body or anything against a force or external pressure is called work.

The amount of work involved in a chemical reaction if the volume decreases from 4.00 to 1.34 L against a constant pressure of 0.879 atm  is calculated as follows;

W = PΔV

where;

W = 0.879atm (4L - 1.34L)

W = 2.338 atm.L

1 atm.L = 101.325 J

2.338 atm.L = ?

= 236.9 J

Thus, the amount of work involved in a chemical reaction is 236.9 J.

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