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Which meiotic division(s) reduce(s) the chromosome number (i.e., meiosis i, meiosis ii, or both)? explain your answer
Meiotic division(s) which reduce(s) the chromosome number is Meiosis I. As a reductional division, meiosis I decreases the amount of chromosomes that each daughter cell inherits.
What is Meiosis?During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is divided in half.. The number of chromosomes in each daughter cell will be one-half that of the parent cell. Because gametes (sperm, eggs) have half as many chromosomes as diploid (2N) individuals, meiosis is a necessary aspect of the sexual process.
What are Phases of Meiosis?Meiosis is a two-stage process in which the number of cells doubles but the number of chromosomes does not. Meiosis I is the initial division. Meiosis II is the second division; unlike mitosis, it does not result in a reduction in the number of chromosomes. The names of the phases are identical to those of mitosis.
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"Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees."
a.
Ethos
b.
Pathos
c.
Logos
The time the cook spends flushing out the chemical irritant released by the onions that caused her eyes to water is an example of:______.
a. task time
b. setup time
c. waiting time
d. processing time
The time the cook spends flushing out the chemical irritant released by the onions that caused her eyes to water is an example of setup time.
The reason why onions make you cry?In the earth, onions develop into bulbs. Voles, which enjoy nibbling on roots, tubers, and bulbs, are among the critters that call the underground abode of the onions their home. Onions have a defence system that is intended to shield them from predators as they grow in order to prevent this from happening. When an onion's skin is damaged, it releases enzymes and sulfonic acid. Propanethial S-oxide, an unpleasant gas, is created when these chemicals mix.
What does lachrymator do?Tear gland irritation makes them continuously release tears, regardless of whether or not there is a desire or feeling to cry. Allyl sulphide is one of the chemical substances generated by onions; it is also found in garlic and spring onions.
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List ways in which plants sexually reproduce.
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process called pollination. The flowers contain male sex organs called stamens and female sex organs called pistils. The anther is the part of the stamen that contains pollen. This pollen needs to be moved to a part of the p
Why do signaling responses that involve changes in proteins already present in the cell?
Protein signalling reactions take milliseconds since they are already present in the cell, but gene expression reactions take hours. This occurs because both the protein and the modifying enzyme needed to change the protein are already present in the cell.
What role do proteins play in cellular signalling?The proteins known as receptors in cells attach to signalling molecules to start a physiological reaction. Different chemicals are unique to certain receptors. Nerve growth factor receptors bind nerve growth factor, insulin receptors bind insulin, dopamine receptors bind dopamine, and so on.
The intracellular receptor is the same in many different types of cells, but the collection of genes that the receptor controls varies depending on the cell type.
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Match each LEVEL to its MEANING. (Use your notes & textbook) 1. Atom/Molecule 2. Organ 3. Population. 4. Biome B5. Cell 6. Organelle 7. Community 8. Ecosystem 9. Tissue 10. Organism A. All living & nonliving things on earth B. Smallest level at which life exists C. a group of one kind of organism living in an area D. group of similar cells working together E. Several populations of organisms living together F. a living thing that may be unicellular or multicellular G. a group of similar tissues working together like the heart or lungs H. all the living and nonliving things living in a similar environment such as a desert 1. parts of a cell such as the nucleus J. smallest part of an element or compound
Answer:
1-J, 2-G, 3-C, 4-H, 5-B, 6-I, 7-E
8-a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
9-D, 10-F
Biosphere-A
Explanation:
1. Atom/Molecule --> J. smallest part of an element or compound
2. Organ --> G. a group of similar tissues working together like the heart or lungs
3. Population. --> C. a group of one kind of organism living in an area
4. Biome --> H. all the living and nonliving things living in a similar environment such as a desert
5. Cell --> B. Smallest level at which life exists
6. Organelle --> I. parts of a cell such as the nucleus
7. Community --> E. Several populations of organisms living together
9. Tissue --> D. group of similar cells working together
10. Organism --> F. a living thing that may be unicellular or multicellular
8. Ecosystem --> a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
Biosphere --> A. All living & nonliving things on earth
Chromosome duplications and deletions frequently result in abnormal phenotypes or inviable gametes. Which factor is a major contributor to this phenomenon?.
Chromosome duplications and deletions frequently result in abnormal phenotypes or inviable gametes. Gene dosage is modified is a major contributor to this phenomenon.
In the field of genetics, we can define gene dosage as the quantitative measure or copies of a particular gene that is present in an organism. Abnormalities in the gene dosage at a particular location can cause severe damage to the resulting phenotype.
Gene dosage can lead to chromosome duplications if the copy number or gene product is more and it can cause deletions if the copy number or gene product is less. Such complications will result in abnormal phenotypes or inviable gametes. For example, in Down's syndrome, the person has a modification of the 21st chromosome as there is one extra 21st chromosome present. This leads to a variety of diseases and defects in the person.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Chromosome duplications and deletions frequently result in abnormal phenotypes or inviable gametes. Which factor is a major contributor to this phenomenon?
a. Recessive diseases are unmasked by additional copies.
b. The genes are found in a novel arrangement.
c. Gene dosage is modified.
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What behavioral adaptation did you notice in some people that might act in tehir feavor?
Those actions which are carried out to increase their chances of survival and reproduction are considered as the behavioral adaptation noticed in some people that might act in their favor.
Behavioral adaptation is a type of action that generally animals carry out to increase their own chance of survival as well as the process of the life cycle which makes the health insurance of life of an individual might act in their favor.
The behavior may or may not be learned and passed from one generation to the next which may come from instinctive behavior from the past as it is inherited genetically by the genetic combination acquired from parents.
In order to cope with variations occurring in the environment, some organisms make behavioral adaptations to match the difference.
Any particular action that a plant or animal adapts to survive in an environment is generally a behavioral adaptation whereas it depicts about actions as the word 'behave' stays right there in the name itself and it is considered as a word on which how we act.
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If your doctor told you that you are suffering from a dysfunction in a ______, you would know the relevant structure was in the central nervous system.
The correct answer is Tract.
The nervous system divides somatosensory experience into stimulus fragments distributed across body parts, reducing it to parallel streams of neural activity. So how does one feel "one" with their body, and how does one recognize an object by touching it? This is possible because the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex is where somatosensory information converges to provide one a coherent impression of the body and of somatosensory stimuli.
The fundamental structure of the somatosensory system and how somatosensory information is represented and processed in the parietal cortex will be covered in more detail in the first section of this chapter. Clinical evaluations of somatosensory function will make use of this knowledge of the overall structure of the somatosensory pathways. a neuron
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Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the endoplasmic reticulum?.
Answer: Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the Golgi? It will be embedded in the E.R. membrane with domain X facing the lumen of the E.R.
Explanation:
Are viruses s living organisms?
Use scientific principles
and knowledge that you
have about the topic to
explain why your
evidence (data) supports
your claim.
In other words, explain
how your data proves
your point?
(paragraph format)
Explanation:
actually virus are both living and non living organisms they are living when they are in a living cell and non living when they are on there own they are in-between the borders of living and non living things
Answer:
Viruses are yet not considered as living. They serve as the border between living and non living.
Explanation:
They are non cellular.They are inert crystalline structured outside a living cell (host cell).They can perform metabolic activities only inside a living cell.They are nucleoproteins covered with a layer of capsid and often infectious.They can be crystallized and will mostly consists of proteins. They have either RNA or DNA.Imagine you are the uta for the freshman biology course. how would you explain to miguel's roommate what hyperthermia is and how dnp use causes hyperthermia?
I would make an effort to explain to my roommate, Miguel that ingesting DNP results in the release of calcium reserves from mitochondria and hinders re-uptake, which in turn leads to unopposed muscular contraction and hyperthermia in muscle cells that have free intracellular calcium.
2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) C₆H₄N₂O₅ is a weight loss supplement. However, because of its lethal side effects, it was considered to be unsafe for human consumption and was banned by the FDA in 1938.
DNP causes a rise in metabolic rate and heat by decoupling oxidative phosphorylation and limiting ATP synthesis. DNP inhibits the uptake of phosphorus into the mitochondria. Additionally, DNP makes it possible for hydrogen ions to sneak past the mitochondrial membrane and avoid ATP synthase. As cells try to produce more ATP, the potential energy that is typically retained during ATP creation is released as heat, leading to hyperthermia and increased calorie consumption through more carbohydrate and fat breakdown. It was because of this quality that it gained popularity as a weight-loss medicine in the 1930s and remains so today.
DNP stimulates the release of calcium reserves from mitochondria and hinders re-uptake; this liberated intracellular calcium in muscle cells causes unopposed muscular contraction and hyperthermia.
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Name 4 of the reasons why experts say teens decisions during the ages of 16-17 may be more dangerous than adults.
Teenagers can be impetuous, illogical, or dangerous at times. At times, it appears that teenagers do not completely comprehend the implications of their acts.
What is adolescence?
Adolescence is a period of growth and development that occurs between childhood and maturity. Adolescents are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as everyone between the ages of 10 and 19. This age group falls within WHO's definition of young people, which includes those aged 10 to 24.
Adolescence is defined in wider terms that include psychological, social, and moral terrain in addition to the strictly physical components of maturity. Adolescence in these civilizations is essentially equal to the phrase teenagers and refers to the period between the ages of 12 and 20.
Therefore, teenagers occasionally exhibit impulsive, illogical, or harmful behavior. At times, it appears like teenagers do not think things through or completely understand the ramifications of their actions.
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An organelle in the cytosol of the cell that attaches to mrna and reads the instructions is called a:_________
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?.
Scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in an inactive form because these proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
Both pepsin and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes, which means that they are involved in the breakdown of proteins.
Pepsinogen is the inactive form of pepsin. The chief cells of the stomach originally secrete pepsinogen which is then converted into pepsin only when the food arrives in the stomach. Trypsinogen is the inactive form of trypsin, that is secreted by the pancreas. The trypsinogen is converted into trypsin only when it has been transported to the small intestine and when the process of digestion is occurring.
Both these enzymes are secreted in inactive forms because if secreted in their active forms they would digest all the other important proteins of the very cells that are making them. Hence, scientists originally hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in an inactive form.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?
A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.
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Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?.
Scientists originally hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form because these proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that is made by the chief cells of the stomach. Trypsin is another proteolytic enzyme that is formed by the pancreas and brought to the small intestine at the time of digestion.
The chief cells form pepsin originally as pepsinogen. The pancreas secretes trypsin originally as trypsinogen. As there are various proteins that are present in the chief cells as well as the pancreas, hence making of these enzymes would mean that they will break down the other enzymes and proteins of the very own cells that created them.
Hence, pepsin and trypsin are formed in their inactive forms and are only converted into their active forms at the time of digestion.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?
A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.
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Richard feels that the increasing use of fuels such a coal or diesel to generate electricity are leading to pollution in his neighborhood. He therefore decides to use solar energy as a source for generating electricity. Which device should Richard use?
The potential for solar energy is the highest of all the available renewable energy sources. The two main solar energy technologies are concentrated solar-thermal power (CSP) and photovoltaics (PV) (CSP).
Unlike fossil fuels, which will eventually run out, the sun has more than enough energy to supply the demands of the entire planet. The sole constraint on solar energy as a renewable resource is our capacity to efficiently and economically convert it to electricity. Some energy sources, as opposed to fossil fuels, are entirely renewable and don't release greenhouse gases. Solar energy, hydropower, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy are some of these green and sustainable alternative energy sources. The energy sources that are now available are quickly running out due to the rising demand for energy. Large-scale fuel use results in the release of many gases and undesirable airborne particulates.
Advantages:
The fact that solar energy is a completely renewable energy source is the most significant advantage of solar panels among all its other advantages.
Diverse ApplicationsLower Electricity Bills Low costs of maintenanceTechnological advancement.Learn more about Renewable energy sources
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How can we protect the arctic habitat of polar bears from climate change?
Explain 3 different solutions to solve your environmental issue, supported and explained by at least 3 sources of real-world data relevant to the topic using websites, books, etc.
We can all contribute to reducing climate change, and therefore help polar bears and other endangered species. A significant cause of climate change is the emission of polluting gases from burning fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. Fossil fuels are burned when we use electricity or drive our cars, among other things.
Volunteer your time.Help fight climate change.Raise money for an environmental charityWhat is Climate Change?Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and climate patterns. These changes may be natural, but since the 18th century human activities have been the main cause of climate change, mainly because of the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil and gas), which produce gases that trap heat.
With this information, we can conclude that Everyone can help limit climate change. We can make a difference through the way we get around, the type of energy source we use and the food we eat. Start with these ten actions to help tackle the climate crisis.
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Which of the following is true about osmosis?
Choose one answer
a) It moves against its own concentration gradient
b) It refers to the movement of glucose across a membrane.
c) It is a type of passive transport.
d) It requires a high amount of energy.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
it moves with the concentration gradient and it is the movement of water. It is a passive transport and it requires no energy.
What is the difference between autotroph and heterotroph
Answer:
Autotrophs are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy. Examples include plants, algae, and some types of bacteria. Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers. Dogs, birds, fish, and humans are all examples of heterotrophs.
What is the smallest number of ultracentrifugation steps necessary to separate nuclei from ribosomes in a cellular lysate?
One step is the minimum required to separate nuclei from ribosomes in a cell lysate by centrifugation.
What is the centrifuge process?It is a technique used to separate homogeneous mixtures.It is a technique that separates materials of different densities.It is a technique that promotes the separation of materials in an agile way.During experiments dealing with molecular biology, centrifugation is essential to promote the separation of biological molecules.
In these experiments, centrifugation is done in a machine, where the scientist can choose the speed at which the centrifugation will be performed. Depending on the speed chosen and the materials centrifuged, only one centrifuge step will be necessary.
An example of this can be seen in centrifugation to separate nuclei from ribosomes in a cellular lysate, where only one step is needed.
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Molecules composed of a small oligosaccharide covalently linked to a phospholipid are called:__________
Molecules composed of a small oligosaccharide covalently linked to a phospholipid are called: Glycolipids
Glycolipids are lipids containing a glycosidic (covalent) link connecting them to a carbohydrate. Their job is to keep the cell membrane stable and make it easier for cells to recognize one another, which is essential for the immune response and for the connections that allow cells to join together to form tissues. Structured lipids known as glycolipids are typically present on the extracellular face of eukaryotic cell membranes.Glycolipids have a non-polar section connected to the lipid component and a polar head connected to the carbohydrate portion. Glycolipids are a crucial part of eukaryotic cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature, which is when a molecule possesses both hydrophilic and lipophilic qualities.
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Which part would you adjust in order to examine a specimen under light microscope with two eyes at the same time?.
The part would you adjust in order to examine a specimen under light microscope with two eyes at the same time is ocular lenses at an interpupillary distance
The microscope is an instrument that is used to see the very minute organisms which are not visible to the normal eye and it produces enlarged images of very small objects which provides convenience to the observer for the correct examination of the object and to find the exact shape and size of the object and to find what cells it is made up of and what are the peculiar features and There are many different kinds of microscopes like the electron microscope, binocular microscope, simple microscope, and binocular microscope is the one where two eyes can see simultaneously to the image and the picture looks bigger than What is seen in the simple microscope and microscopes can provide both dynamic and static images depending upon the type of instruments used in the microscope that is either scanning instruments or conventional instruments and in case of binocular microscope to see specimen, under light with to eyes at same time ocular lenses are needed to be adjust according to the interpupillary distance . The microscopes are being used for many purposes like examination, the cosmetics industry, college, labs, research by scientists, and many more.To know more about microscopes at https://brainly.com/question/18661784
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What path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site of synthesis?.
Every protein starts its production in the cytoplasm. However, some are moved to other cellular locations while the majority remain there permanently. Post-translational transport may be used to import them into the mitochondrion, peroxisome, chloroplast, and nucleus.
Beginning with the intake of amino acids, which are utilized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum to create freshly produced proteins, the secretory route proceeds in a vectorial fashion. The Golgi complex receives these new proteins and processes and sorts them there. Protein cargo is transported from the ER to the Golgi, where it is altered before being transferred to various locations inside the cell, such as the lysosomes and the cell surface. Proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are processed in the Golgi before being sent to the cell.learn more about protein here: https://brainly.com/question/10058019
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Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use is Mitochondria
It converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Mitochondria are the sites of metabolic reactions. They are the sites of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation . The mitochondria receive the products from glycolysis, pyruvate, and NADH/FADH2, which are later processed. Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is produced in the cell. Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP through a chemiosmotic process.
Chloroplasts are the organelles accountable for photosynthesis where carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the Sun are converted into carbohydrates (anabolic process). The endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that contain ribosomes which are the protein-making factories of the cell (anabolic process). The golgi apparatus is a main organelle involved in the logistics of processing and packaging of proteins and lipids with most ought to be excreted from the cell.
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How would you isolate the serum, and not the plasma, from the blood if you just withdrew a fresh vial of blood from the sheep without adding any anticoagulant?
To isolate the the serum, and not the plasma, from the blood if you just withdrew a fresh vial of blood from the sheep without adding any anticoagulant, you should let the blood sit for 10 minutes, then withdraw the top layer (serum). Hence, option b is correct.
Without using a centrifuge, whole blood can be separated from plasma or serum by simply letting it stand or just sit for about 10 minutes . All of the cells will eventually settle down due to gravity (if time is not the question). The supernatant is the plasma if citrated blood is allowed to stand in a tube.
The serum will eventually separate, though, if you leave the undiluted whole blood to stand. This might not be as useful if you are working with small amounts of blood, but you could still try it.
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Question correction:
How would you isolate serum, and NOT plasma, from the blood if you just withdrew a fresh vial of blood from a sheep without adding any anticoagulant to the blood?
a. Add anticoagulant and let the blood sit for 10 minutes, then withdraw the top layer (serum)
b. Let the blood sit for 10 minutes, then withdraw the top layer (serum)
c. Heat the blood for 10 minutes at 100 °C and collect the serum via a distillation apparatus
d. Freeze/thaw the blood and let the red blood cells lyse, then collect the bottom layer
e. Centrifuge the blood after letting it sit for 10 minutes, and collect the bottom (pellet) for the sera.
How will energy from food, temperature, and electrical power be cycled through your biosphere?.
An ecosystem, also known as an ecological system, is made up of all the organisms
The bodily putting in which they stay. The nutrition cycles and strength flows connect those biotic and abiotic elements. Photosynthesis is how strength enters the device and is absorbed by plant tissue. Animals play a full-size element in the switch of substances and strength thru the device through ingesting plant life and each other. they also have an impact on the biomass levels of the microbial and plant communities.in addition to facilitating nutrient biking with the aid of reworking vitamins held in dead biomass back into a form that can be without difficulty utilized by vegetation and microorganisms, decomposers also release carbon into the atmosphere through the breakdown of useless organic remember. each inner and external impacts affect ecosystems. outside variables that don't at once affect an ecosystem, which include topography, parent fabric that creates the soil, and climate, control the environment's well known shape. internal variables are controlled
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What two forces control elution time of oligonucleotide in capillary electrophoresis?
Analytes migrate across electrolyte solutions using Capillary electrophoresis procedures while being influenced by an electric field. Analytes can be divided by non-covalent interactions into different phases or according to ionic mobility.
Gradients in conductivity and pH can also be used to concentrate or "focus" analytes.
With the aid of an applied voltage, the analytical method of capillary electrophoresis separates ions according to their electrophoretic mobility. The charge of the molecule, viscosity, and atom radius all affect electrophoretic mobility.A separation method called capillary electrophoresis (CE) divides molecules into groups based on their size and charge in an electric field. CE is carried out in an electrolyte solution-filled capillary, a tiny glass tube used for the procedure.To know more capillary electrophoresis visit:
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What is similar for all organisms on Earth?
A. They all produce their own food.
B. They are all multicellular.
C. They all reproduce
D. They are all single-celled.
Answer:
C They All Reproduce...........
A theory that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter
