According to the above excerpt and your knowledge, which of the following would NOT be an action taken by the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

The North African country that fell under the control of Italy in 1912 was Libya.

This was part of Italy's colonial expansionist policies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which saw it attempt to establish control over territories in Africa and the Middle East.

While Egypt and Sudan were also part of this expansionist drive, they did not come under direct Italian control in 1912.

Tunisia, on the other hand, had already been under French control since the late 19th century and was not subject to Italian colonization at this time.

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The event in 1933 that led to Hitler being given unlimited power was the Enabling Act. This was a law that gave the Nazi government the power to pass laws without the approval of the German parliament, effectively making Hitler a dictator.

The Enabling Act was passed in March of 1933, after the Reichstag fire which was blamed on the communists, allowing the Nazis to consolidate their power and eliminate opposition.

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Southern colony in which the black population outnumber the white population almost two to one was South Carolina

The black population in South Carolina greatly outnumbered the white population during the colonial period due to the large number of slaves brought over to work on the plantations. By the mid-18th century, the black population in South Carolina was almost twice that of the white population. The majority of the black population was made up of slaves who were forcibly brought over from Africa and other parts of the world. Many of them worked on the rice plantations in the lowcountry of South Carolina, where the climate and geography were well-suited for rice cultivation.

Despite the large number of slaves, the white population in South Carolina maintained control through strict laws and harsh punishments for any signs of rebellion or disobedience. Slaves were not allowed to gather in groups or learn to read and write, and were subjected to brutal treatment from their owners. The legacy of slavery and racism in South Carolina has had a lasting impact on the state and the United States as a whole.

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Answer: d) dance halls, department stores, & movie theaters

Explanation:

Regarding the accuracy of the cartoon as a representation of life during the French Revolution, it would depend on the specific details depicted. To assess its accuracy, one would need to examine historical records and accounts from that time, as well as consider the context and purpose of the cartoon.

Interpreting the cartoon and determining the likely viewpoint holder would require visual analysis, which is beyond the scope of text-based communication. However, it is possible to discuss the general viewpoints held by different estates during the French Revolution. The first estate consisted of the clergy, the second estate included the nobility, and the third estate comprised the commoners.

Each estate had distinct interests and grievances, which influenced their perspectives. Based solely on the information provided, it is not possible to determine with certainty whether a member of the first, second, or third estate created the cartoon. The cartoon would need to be examined in detail to assess the artist's perspective.

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The proper order of genocides from earliest to most recent is Armenian, Holocaust, Cambodian, and Darfur.

The Armenian Genocide occurred in 1915, followed by the Holocaust during World War II, the Cambodian Genocide in the 1970s, and the Darfur Genocide in the early 2000s. It is important to note that all genocides are tragic events that should never be forgotten.

1. Armenian Genocide: Occurred during World War I (1915-1923)

2. Holocaust: Occurred during World War II (1941-1945)

3. Cambodian Genocide: Occurred under the Khmer Rouge regime (1975-1979)

4. Darfur Genocide: Started in the early 2000s and continues to this day.

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Monastic rules were a set of guidelines and principles followed by monks and nuns in order to live a life dedicated to spiritual growth and communal living.

The rules were established by prominent figures in the Christian church, such as Benedict of Nursia and Basil the Great, to provide a framework for monastic life. These rules included directives on prayer, work, and community living, as well as regulations on behavior and discipline. The ultimate goal was to create a community of believers who were devoted to God and lived in harmony with one another. The rules continue to be followed by many religious communities today.

These rules outline the daily routines, community roles, and expected behaviors of members in monastic communities. They aim to maintain order, promote unity, and create an environment conducive to spiritual growth and contemplation.

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True, Whittaker Chambers accused Alger Hiss of supplying secret documents to the Soviets.

Whittaker Chambers, a former Communist and Soviet spy, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1948, where he accused Alger Hiss, a former State Department official, of being a Communist spy and providing secret documents to the Soviet Union.

This accusation led to a highly-publicized trial and Hiss's eventual conviction for perjury.

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True. In ancient Egyptian life, gardens were a source of pleasure and were often featured in their artwork and imagery of the afterlife. Gardens were viewed as places of peace and rejuvenation, and were often associated with the gods and the afterlife.

The ancient Egyptians believed that a well-maintained garden would provide a beautiful and tranquil resting place for the deceased in the afterlife, and as such, gardens were an important aspect of Egyptian funerary culture.

Gardens were often depicted in their art and were an essential feature in their vision of the afterlife. Egyptians believed that gardens provided a peaceful and rejuvenating environment, which they hoped to enjoy in the afterlife as well. This is evident in various tomb paintings and inscriptions that showcase lush gardens as a part of the idealized eternal life.

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The Great Schism was a significant event that involved the division between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity.

It resulted in rival popes, with competing alliances of European states supporting them, which weakened the unity of the Catholic Church. However, in the long run, the schism actually strengthened the papacy by increasing its power and authority. The division within the College of Cardinals was a manifestation of the political and religious tensions that existed at the time, and its consequences were felt throughout Europe. Despite the challenges that arose from the schism, it ultimately led to the development of distinct European states, each with their own religious traditions and cultural identities.
The Great Schism involved the division between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity, and resulted in rival popes supported by competing alliances of European states. The division within the College of Cardinals and the rival popes ultimately weakened the papacy, but it also led to the strengthening of European states as they took sides in the conflict.

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The historical developments depicted in the image contributed to: ''The spread of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere''. So, the correct choice is option B.

While the image is not provided, based on the answer choices, it is reasonable to infer that the image represents a historical event related to the expansion of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere.

Spanish influence brought about cultural, political, economic, and social changes in these regions, leaving a lasting impact on their histories and identities.

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The historical developments depicted in the image helped advance the spread of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere.

The historical developments depicted in the image helped advance the spread of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere.

The image likely represents the exploration and colonization efforts of Spain during the Age of Discovery. Spanish explorers like Christopher Columbus and conquistadors like Hernán Cortés played significant roles in spreading Spanish influence in the Americas.

By establishing colonies and trade networks in the Western Hemisphere, Spain gained control over valuable resources, expanded its empire, and exerted cultural and political influence across the region.

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One major factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential campaign was the split within the Republican Party.

The incumbent President William Howard Taft, who was seeking re-election, was opposed by Theodore Roosevelt, who had previously served as President from 1901-1909. Roosevelt's progressive views and popular personality had made him a favorite among many Republicans, but when the party establishment backed Taft, Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate under the Progressive (or Bull Moose) Party. This division within the Republican Party allowed Wilson, the Democratic nominee, to win the election with only 42% of the popular vote.  Another factor that contributed to Wilson's victory was his campaign platform, which focused on progressivism and reform. Wilson promised to reduce the power of big business, strengthen antitrust laws, and establish a graduated income tax. He also advocated for labor rights, including an eight-hour workday and laws to protect workers from exploitation. These positions appealed to a broad coalition of voters, including urban workers, farmers, and progressives who were dissatisfied with the policies of the previous Republican administrations. Wilson's campaign was also notable for its use of modern campaign techniques, such as advertising and public speeches, which helped to spread his message to a wider audience.

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Answer:

1. murder

2. genocide

3. persecution

4. Partisans

5. ghettoes

6. concentration camps

7.

8. propaganda

9.

Advancements in technology, the availability of recordings, the rise of radio broadcasting, and the cultural changes of the 1920s caused changes in music from a performing activity to listening activity.

In the 1920s, several factors contributed to the shift of music from a primarily performing activity to a listening activity. Here are some key factors:

1. Phonograph and Recordings: The invention and widespread availability of phonographs and recorded music had a significant impact on the way people consumed music. With the ability to record and reproduce music, people could listen to their favorite songs and performances at their convenience, without the need for live musicians.

2. Radio Broadcasting: The 1920s saw the rise of commercial radio broadcasting. Radio stations started to play recorded music, providing a platform for musicians and enabling a broader audience to access and enjoy music. People could now tune in to radio stations and listen to a wide variety of music from the comfort of their homes.

3. Jazz and Popular Music: The 1920s marked the Jazz Age, a period of significant cultural and musical change. Jazz music, with its energetic rhythms and improvisation, gained popularity and influenced other genres such as popular music. The availability of jazz and popular music recordings allowed people to listen to these new and exciting styles without attending live performances.

4. Urbanization and Social Changes: The 1920s witnessed increased urbanization and social changes. The growth of cities and the emergence of new entertainment venues, such as dance halls and jazz clubs, provided opportunities for live performances. However, with the rise of radio and recorded music, people had more options for accessing music, and the emphasis shifted from live performances to listening to recorded music.

Overall, advancements in technology, the availability of recordings, the rise of radio broadcasting, and the cultural changes of the 1920s all contributed to the transition of music from a primarily performing activity to a listening activity.

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False. Leviticus is a book in the Bible that describes the religious laws and rituals given to the Israelites by God through Moses.

Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.

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The political landscape in Central Asia following the collapse of the Soviet Union has been diverse, with each country experiencing unique political trajectories and facing their own set of challenges in their political development.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many countries in Central Asia that were formerly Soviet Satellite nations have undergone various political transitions and developments.

While the specific situations and outcomes differ across these countries, it is important to note that they have faced political challenges and experienced different trajectories in terms of governance.

Some Central Asian countries have faced struggles in establishing stable political systems and have been characterized by authoritarian rule or dictatorships.

These nations continue to grapple with political challenges, including limited political freedoms and human rights issues.

Others have adopted varying political systems, ranging from presidential republics to parliamentary systems.

While some countries have seen the restoration of historic monarchies, such as in the case of monarchies in Jordan and Morocco, it is not a widespread phenomenon in Central Asia.

The establishment of strong democracies in the region has been a complex and ongoing process.

Some Central Asian countries have made efforts toward democratization, but the progress has been uneven, and challenges such as corruption, lack of transparency, and restrictions on civil liberties persist.

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Nearly 5 million workers walked off their jobs over the course of 1946 is due to a series of strikes that occurred across various industries such as coal mining, steel production, and transportation.

Workers were demanding higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Additionally, many returning veterans from World War II were facing unemployment or low-paying jobs, leading to further unrest and labor strikes.

1. Post-WWII economic adjustments: After World War II, the economy was adjusting to peacetime, and many industries were transitioning back to producing civilian goods. This created uncertainty and disruptions in the labor market.

2. Inflation: Rapid inflation during this period led workers to demand higher wages to keep up with the increasing cost of living.

3. Union activity: Labor unions were highly active during this time, organizing strikes to achieve better working conditions, wages, and benefits for their members.

4. Government policies: In some cases, government policies or inaction contributed to the unrest. For example, the government failed to effectively address the housing crisis, leading to a shortage of affordable homes and increased dissatisfaction among workers.

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In the 1880s, white Americans no longer wanted to create reservations for Native Americans because they saw them as a hindrance to westward expansion and economic growth.

The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers, but this land was often on Native American reservations. Furthermore, the discovery of gold and other valuable resources on reservation lands further fueled the desire for their acquisition. The government also believed that the reservation system had failed to assimilate Native Americans into American culture and society. As a result, the Dawes Act of 1887 was passed, which aimed to break up reservation lands into individual plots and force Native Americans to adopt American-style farming and lifestyle. This marked a significant shift in government policy towards Native Americans and contributed to the continued displacement and assimilation of indigenous peoples.

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The Americans referred to the late nineteenth century as the Gilded Age is because it was a time of significant economic growth and industrialization in the United States. However, this period was also marked by widespread corruption and social inequality.

The term "gilded" refers to something that is superficially attractive but actually of little value, which accurately describes the flashy displays of wealth and opulence that were prevalent during this time. Essentially, the Gilded Age was characterized by a stark contrast between the ostentatious displays of wealth by the elite and the harsh realities of poverty and inequality experienced by many Americans.

During the late nineteenth century, the United States experienced significant economic growth, particularly in industries such as manufacturing and railroads. This led to the rise of powerful businessmen, often referred to as "robber barons," who amassed immense wealth. Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner first used the phrase "Gilded Age" in their 1873 novel "The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today." The word "gilded" alludes to a thin layer of gold covering anything less precious, and it serves as a metaphor for how this century was marked by a façade of riches and success that hid the social issues and injustices underneath.

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The postwar consensus was not as real as many had believed it to be. While there was certainly a general agreement among Americans on certain key issues.

Such as the need for economic growth and the importance of individual freedoms, there were also deep divisions that had been simmering beneath the surface for some time.

These divisions were brought to the forefront in 1968, a year that saw a series of dramatic and traumatic events, including the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy, protests and riots in cities across the country, and a bitter and divisive presidential campaign.

The seismic breakdown in social harmony is complex and multifaceted. One factor was the rapid social and cultural changes that had taken place in the postwar period, including the civil rights movement, the rise of the counterculture, and the Vietnam War. These changes challenged long-held beliefs and values, and many Americans found themselves struggling to adapt to a rapidly changing world.

1. Civil rights movements: The postwar consensus had not addressed racial inequalities adequately, and the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s challenged this consensus. As activists fought for equal rights, clashes between protestors and authorities revealed the deep-rooted racial tensions in American society.

2. Anti-war sentiment: The Vietnam War, which escalated in the 1960s, caused a growing divide between the government and the public. The war's negative impact on the economy, the loss of American lives, and its controversial nature led to widespread disillusionment and anti-war protests, further eroding the postwar consensus.

3. Economic inequalities: The postwar consensus was based on a belief in shared prosperity, but economic disparities became more evident in the 1960s. Poverty and unemployment persisted, especially among minority populations, while wealth accumulated in the hands of a few. This fueled social unrest and contributed to the breakdown of the consensus.

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A representative democracy based on the American system exists in the Philippines. Aquino's administration restored the presidential form of government with a bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary under the 1987 constitution.

There can only be one six-year term for the president. Additionally, the constitution includes provisions for autonomous territories in northern Luzon's Cordillera region, home to several indigenous groups, and in Mindanao's Muslim-populated districts.

The entire electorate chooses the Senate's 24 members. Currently, there are 22 senators; one vacancy resulted from the retirement of the late Blas Ople in 2002 so that he could take the position of Foreign Secretary and the other from the passing of an existing senator.

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Mario Savio, a prominent figure in the Free Speech Movement at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1960s, claimed that the movement came up against what may emerge as the greatest problem in the United States: the suppression of free speech.

Savio believed that institutions such as universities had become content loaded and had a vested interest in maintaining the status quo, which often meant suppressing dissenting opinions and ideas. The Free Speech Movement sought to challenge this suppression and fight for the right to express oneself freely. Today, the issue of free speech continues to be a contentious topic in the United States, with debates surrounding the limits and responsibilities of free speech in various contexts.This issue emerged as a key point of conflict during the Free Speech fight at the University of California.

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The Reconstruction was the effort to restore Southern states to the Union and redefine African Americans' place in society after the Civil War.

This period aimed to rebuild the South, both economically and politically, and integrate newly freed slaves into society.

The Reconstruction was not primarily focused on constructing new buildings or promoting American expansion west of the Mississippi River, although those aspects may have occurred alongside the main objectives.

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False. Contrary to the statement, polyphonic texture did not prevail during the classical period. The classical period, which spanned from approximately 1750 to 1820, was characterized by a shift towards homophonic texture.

Homophonic texture became the predominant style during the classical period. In homophonic texture, a single melody takes the lead while the accompanying voices provide harmonic support. This allowed for clearer and more expressive musical lines, emphasizing the importance of melody and harmony. Composers such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, who were prominent figures during this period, often employed homophonic textures in their compositions. Polyphonic texture, on the other hand, features multiple independent melodic lines that are interwoven and create intricate musical interactions. Although polyphony remained an important element in classical music, it was not as prevalent as in earlier periods such as the Renaissance or Baroque. Composers in the classical period tended to prioritize clarity, balance, and simplicity in their compositions, which led to the widespread use of homophonic textures. Therefore, the prevailing texture during the classical period was homophonic rather than polyphonic.

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True, The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 led to a reconsideration of the American educational system.

The launch of the first artificial satellite by the Soviet Union shocked the United States and raised concerns about the country's scientific and technological capabilities. This event prompted the government to invest more heavily in science and math education, leading to significant changes in the American educational system. The National Defense Education Act, for example, was passed in 1958 to provide funding for math, science, and foreign language programs in schools and universities.

This event led to the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in 1958, which aimed at strengthening the country's educational foundation to compete with the Soviet Union in the Space Race and other areas of technological advancement.

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Fiat money has an objective value; it doesn't have to be assigned a value by the government or society. It is false.

Fiat money generally does not have intrinsic value and does not have use value. It has value only because the individuals who use it as a unit of account or, in the case of currency, a medium of exchange agree on its value. They trust that it will be accepted by merchants and other people.

Fiat money is an alternative to commodity money, which is a currency that has intrinsic value because it contains, for example, a precious metal such as gold or silver which is embedded in the coin. Fiat also differs from representative money, which is money that has intrinsic value because it is backed by and can be converted into a precious metal or another commodity. In modern times, fiat money is generally authorized by government regulation.

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The choices that people made in Germany throughout history have had a significant impact on the country's development and its place in the world today.

Significant impacts in the demographics were caused by this enormous industry boom. 60% of Germans resided in towns and cities by 1910. In addition to other cities like Munich, Essen, and Kiel, Berlin's population more than doubled between 1875 and 1910. There were 48 German towns in 1910 with a population of more than 100,000.

The most populous nation in the EU and the continent's largest economy is Germany. It is well known for its technological advancements, but it has also given birth to some of Europe's most renowned composers, philosophers, and poets.

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