The direct manufacturing cost per unit when direct manufacturing labor is 8 is calculated as $ 58.
Manufacturing cost is the amount of expenses of all assets consumed during the time spent making an item. There are three categories of manufacturing costs: direct costs for materials, direct costs for labor, and manufacturing overhead It is a consider all out conveyance cost.
Direct manufacturing cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor
= 50+8 = $58
Part B
Indirect(overhead) manufacturing cost per unit = Variable manufacturing overhead + fixed manufacturing overhead
= 10+23 = $33
Part C
Conversion cost per unit = Direct manufacturing labor + Indirect(overhead) manufacturing cost per unit
= 8+33 = $41
Part D: prime cost per unit = direct materials +Direct manufacturing labor
= 50+8 = $58
Part E : period cost per unit = Sales commissions+Administrative salaries
= 5+9 = $14
Where are the costs of manufacturing?Normally, producing costs are introduced in the pay articulation as discrete details. As a matter of fact, when you are representing stock, you should try to incorporate all assembling costs in the expenses of work-in-process stock and completed merchandise stock.
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if price increases, quantity demanded decreases and, therefore, total revenue must fall. question 6 options: true false
The statement "if price increases, quantity demanded decreases and, therefore, total revenue must fall" is false.
This is because price elasticity of demand (PED) determines how changes in price affect quantity demanded and total revenue.
Price elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. It measures the extent to which consumers change the quantity of a good or service they demand in response to a change in its price. The formula for calculating PED is:
PED = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)
If demand is elastic, meaning that the PED value is greater than 1, a rise in price leads to a decrease in total revenue. This is because the percentage decline in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage rise in price, leading to a decrease in total revenue. Conversely, if demand is inelastic, meaning that the PED value is less than 1, a rise in price leads to an increase in total revenue. This is because the percentage decline in quantity demanded is less than the percentage rise in price, leading to an increase in total revenue.
In conclusion, the relationship between changes in price, quantity demanded, and total revenue depends on the PED value of the good or service in question. Therefore, the statement "if price increases, quantity demanded decreases and, therefore, total revenue must fall" is false.
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If the price increases, quantity demanded decreases and, therefore, total revenue must fall. Thus, the given statement is false.
This is due to the fact that price elasticity of demand (PED) establishes how changes in price impact the amount sought and overall income. The responsiveness of quantity requested to price changes is known as price elasticity of demand. It gauges the degree to which customers alter their demand for a commodity or service in reaction to a price adjustment. The PED calculation formula is as follows:
PED is equal to (% change in quantity demanded) divided by (% change in price).
A rise in price results in a decline in overall revenue if demand is elastic, which means that the PED value is larger than 1. This is due to the fact that a drop in total income results when the percentage decline in the quantity required outweighs the percentage increase in price.
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In a fractional reserve banking system like the one in the U.S., new deposits are created when
Multiple Choice
a person takes money out of one bank and puts it in another bank.
a bank lends money.
a person takes money out of the banking system and holds it as cash.
All of these options are correct.
a bank borrows dollars from the Federal Reserve.
All of these options are correct. in a fractional reserve banking system like the one in the U.S., new deposits are created through a combination of these actions, including interbank transfers, lending, holding cash as deposits, and borrowing from the central bank.
In a fractional reserve banking system like the one in the U.S., new deposits can be created through various mechanisms. One way is when a person takes money out of one bank and puts it in another bank. When this happens, the original bank loses reserves but the receiving bank gains new deposits. This process effectively increases the total amount of deposits in the banking system.
Another way is when a bank lends money. Banks are allowed to create new deposits by extending loans to borrowers. When a loan is granted, the bank creates a new deposit in the borrower's account, increasing the overall amount of deposits in the system. This is possible due to the fractional reserve system, where banks are only required to hold a fraction of deposits as reserves while lending out the remainder.
Additionally, a person taking money out of the banking system and holding it as cash can also contribute to the creation of new deposits. When cash is withdrawn, it reduces the reserves of the bank. However, if the withdrawn cash is subsequently deposited into another bank, that bank gains new deposits, thereby increasing the total deposits in the system.
Lastly, a bank borrowing dollars from the Federal Reserve can also lead to the creation of new deposits. When a bank borrows from the Federal Reserve, it receives additional reserves that it can use to extend loans or create new deposits. This injection of reserves into the banking system increases the potential for new deposits to be created through lending activities.
Overall, in a fractional reserve banking system like the one in the U.S., new deposits are created through a combination of these actions, including interbank transfers, lending, holding cash as deposits, and borrowing from the central bank.
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the amount of a unit’s sales price that helps to cover fixed expenses is its ________. contribution margin profit variable cost stepped cost
The amount of a unit’s sales price that helps to cover fixed expenses is its contribution margin. Contribution margin is the amount of money that is generated by a company's sales revenue after variable costs are subtracted from it. In other words, it's the revenue that remains after the cost of producing or selling the product is taken into account.
Contribution margin is used to determine how much revenue a company needs to generate in order to cover its fixed costs. The contribution margin is calculated by subtracting the variable costs of producing a product from the product's selling price. For example, if a company sells a product for $10 and it costs $6 to produce that product, the contribution margin is $4. This means that $4 of each unit sold goes towards covering the company's fixed costs. If the company has $10,000 in fixed costs, it would need to sell 2,500 units to break even. The contribution margin is an important tool for companies to use when they are making decisions about pricing, production, and marketing strategies. By knowing how much revenue each unit of a product generates, a company can make informed decisions about how to allocate its resources.
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For venture capital investors with a medium-term time horizon, how attractive is the Colorado marijuana industry as an investment destination? Explain your answer in detail. At the beginning of 2021, 35 US states and the District of Columbia had legalized the sale of marijuana for medical use and in 15 states the sale of marijuana for recreational use had been legalized. Although the production, possession, and sale of marijuana was still illegal under federal law, the investment opportunities made available by legalization had created a surge of venture capitalist interest in this emerging industry. The case describes major features of the industry including the consumption, cultivation, and distribution sides of the industry and its regulatory structure. Although each state has a different regulatory structure resulting in different competitive conditions, the case dows especially upon the situation in Colorado, Washington, and California-the first two because of the well-developed state of their legal marijuana industries, and California because of its size 10 pts D Question 1 For venture capital investors with a medium-term time horizon, how attractive is the Colorado marijuana industry as an investment destination Explain your answer in detail
The attractiveness of the Colorado marijuana industry as an investment destination for venture capital investors with a medium-term time horizon has to be evaluated based on several factors such as the industry growth rate, the level of competition, and the legal environment.
The Colorado marijuana industry is one of the most attractive marijuana industries in the US. In 2014, Colorado became the first state to legalize recreational marijuana sales. According to the Marijuana Business Factbook, Colorado has one of the largest legal marijuana markets in the world. In 2020, Colorado's marijuana industry generated approximately $2 billion in sales. The growth rate of Colorado's marijuana industry is impressive and investors with a medium-term time horizon can benefit from it. The growth rate is driven by several factors, including increasing consumer acceptance, a growing number of legal dispensaries, and the expanding number of legal marijuana products. Competition is another factor that affects the attractiveness of the Colorado marijuana industry as an investment destination. Colorado has a well-established legal marijuana industry, which means that there are already several players in the market.
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Eliminating unsystematic risk by holding a portfolio of
different assets reflects
a) portfolio variance spreading
b) the principle of diversification
c) the elimination of systematic risk
d) beta coef
The correct answer is b) the principle of diversification. By holding a portfolio of different assets, investors can reduce the impact of unsystematic risk, which is unique to individual stocks or assets.
This type of risk can be diversified away by holding a variety of assets, as the performance of one asset may not be correlated with another. By spreading their investments across multiple assets, investors can reduce the overall risk of their portfolio and potentially increase their returns. However, it's important to note that diversification does not eliminate systematic risk, which is inherent in the broader market or economy. To assess and manage this type of risk, investors may use beta coefficient, which measures the correlation of an asset's returns to the market. Overall, diversification is an important principle of investing and can help investors manage their risk while potentially improving their returns.
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Your pro forma income statement shows sales of $989,000, cost of goods sold as $482,000, depreciation expense of $99,000, and taxes of $163,200 due to a tax rate of 40%. What are your pre forma eaming
The pro forma income statement provided indicates sales of $989,000, cost of goods sold of $482,000, depreciation expense of $99,000, and taxes of $163,200 at a tax rate of 40%.
To determine the pre-forma earnings, we need to subtract the cost of goods sold and depreciation expense from the sales figure. Therefore, the gross profit can be calculated as $989,000 - $482,000 - $99,000 = $408,000.
Next, we need to account for taxes. Given the tax rate of 40%, we can calculate the tax expense by multiplying the gross profit by the tax rate: $408,000 * 0.4 = $163,200.
Finally, to calculate the pre-forma earnings, we subtract the tax expense from the gross profit: $408,000 - $163,200 = $244,800.
Therefore, the pre-forma earnings, before deducting taxes, would amount to $244,800.
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Cash Account Balance During the month, Warwick Co. received $330,950 in cash and paid out $279,300 in cash. a. Do the data indicate that Warwick Co. had net income of $51,650 during the month? b. If the balance of the cash account is $74,800 at the end of the month, what was the cash balance at the beginning of the month?
a. The data provided do not directly indicate the net income of Warwick Co. Net income is calculated by subtracting total expenses from total revenues, and the given information only includes cash receipts and cash payments.
To determine the net income, additional information such as non-cash expenses and revenues would be needed.
b. To determine the cash balance at the beginning of the month, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows during the month.
Starting cash balance + Cash receipts - Cash payments = Ending cash balance
Let's denote the starting cash balance as 'x':
x + $330,950 - $279,300 = $74,800
Simplifying the equation:
x = $74,800 - $330,950 + $279,300
x = -$23,850
Based on the calculations, the cash balance at the beginning of the month was -$23,850.
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In the term project, the value of B₂ in the given sample is OA1 OB. 0.79 OC. unknown to us. OD. none of the above. QUESTION 14 In the term project, if (disposable) income increases by 1, the estimated change (up to 3 decimal points) in consumption is A. 67 580 B. 0.797 C.0.979 D. none of the above QUESTION 15 4 In the term project, the true value of the marginal propensity to consume is: A. 0.979 B. close to 0.979 with probability close to 1 OC 0 979 with probability 0.5 OD. none of the above
There is a 50% probability that the true value of the marginal propensity to consume is 0.979.
For question 14, the estimated change in consumption when disposable income increases by 1 is B. 0.797. This value corresponds to the term project's findings.
In question 15, the true value of the marginal propensity to consume is given as OC. 0.979 with probability 0.5. This means that there is a 50% probability that the true value of the marginal propensity to consume is 0.979.
Please note that the information provided is specific to the term project, and the values given are based on the project's findings and assumptions.
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Determine the average annual dividend per share for each class of stock for the six-year period. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. Average annual dividend for preferred 4 ✓per share Average annual dividend for common 0.95 X per share 3. Assuming a market price per share of $267 for the preferred stock and $11 for the common stock, determine the average annual percentage return on initial shareholders' investment, based on the average annual dividend per share (a) for preferred stock and (b) for common stock. Round your answers to two decimal places. Preferred stock 2.08 X % Common stock 8.64 X %
We need to know the annual per-share dividends rate of return for both the common and preferred stock in order to calculate the average annual percentage profit on the initial shareholders' investment.
The preferred stock's yearly dividend per share is $2.50. The common stock's yearly dividend per share is $1.25. Average Annual Percentage Return is to Market Price Per Share x 100 times the Annual dividend.
10% is the average annual percent return ($2.50 + $25) multiplied by 100. We must first determine the total interest paid after 21 installments in order to determine the percentage of the total interest paid.
After 21 payments, total interest paid equals ($1,830 x 21) - $10,000 ($10,000) = $8,910 Then, by multiplying by 100 and dividing the total interest paid after 21 payments by the total interest paid during the loan's term, we can determine the percentage
Using the formula ($8,910 / $9,800) x 100%, the percentage of total interest paid is 91% (rounded to the closest percentage point). We must first determine the total principle paid after 21 payments in order to determine the percentage of the total principal paid$1,830 divided by 21 payments of $8,910 is $24,990 in total principal paid.
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country B uses pounds, and Country A uses euros as their currency. In 2019 one
pound trades for €1.30. In 2020 one pound trades for €1.20.
Page 3 of 5
v) Express the nominal exchange rate in 2019 and 2020 in units of pounds
per euro. What happened to the euro from 2019 to 2020? [10
marks]
vi) In 2019 in Country B the cost of a basket of goods containing 8 units of
food and 2 units of drink (i.e. the basket we used to calculate the CPI in
part ii)) is £110. Calculate the real exchange rate for 2019.
[10 marks]
In 2020, the cost of the basket in Country B increases to £130. What
happens to the real exchange rate? Does this effect net exports in Country
A and/or in Country B?
The exchange rate in 2019 was 1 pound for €1.30. The exchange rate in 2020 was 1 pound for €1.20.
The nominal exchange rate for 2019 and 2020 in terms of pounds per euro is 0.77 and 0.83 respectively. The euro got stronger from 2019 to 2020.vi) Real exchange rate (RER) = Nominal exchange rate x (Domestic Price Level / Foreign Price Level)We already know the Nominal exchange rate for 2019 which is 0.77. The price level for 2019 is £110.
Nominal exchange rate refers to the rate at which one country's currency can be exchanged for another country's currency. It represents the value of one currency in terms of another currency. The nominal exchange rate can be expressed in two ways: units of domestic currency per unit of foreign currency or units of foreign currency per unit of domestic currency.
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Question 2 The following are summarised statements for Hollie's Fashion Wholesalers Ltd for 2021: Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 Hollie's Fashion Wholesalers Ltd £000 £000 Reve
To calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) for Hollie's Fashion Wholesalers Ltd for the year ended December 31, 2021,
we need to subtract the closing inventory from the sum of opening inventory and purchases. The COGS can be calculated as follows:
COGS = Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory
From the provided information, the opening inventory for 2021 is £80,000, purchases are £140,000, and the closing inventory is £70,000.
COGS = £80,000 + £140,000 - £70,000
COGS = £150,000
Therefore, the cost of goods sold for Hollie's Fashion Wholesalers Ltd for the year ended December 31, 2021, is £150,000.
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You have recently joined Blue Bob Inc. as a project manager. There is currently a Management Information System (MIS) development project in-progress that is still at the planning stage. A business case was submitted for the project by the previous project manager and the project was subsequently approved with a commitment of funds and other available resources (inclusive of project team members with key skills) by the Project Evaluation Board. Your first responsibility as the project manager together with your project team, is to design the scope management plan for this project. Keep in mind that the quality of your plan will be benchmarked against the successes of the previous project manager (even with scope creep regularly rearing its head on many projects). The scope management plan for this project should therefore be all encompassing, illustrating every finite aspect of scope management planning and should simultaneously be explicit to all relevant stakeholders.
Define the scope of the project. (5 Marks)
The scope of the project refers to the boundaries and deliverables of the Management Information System (MIS) development project. It defines the work that needs to be accomplished to achieve the project objectives and deliver the desired outcomes.
In the case of Blue Bob Inc.'s MIS development project, the scope will encompass the following aspects:
1. Objective: The project aims to develop a robust and user-friendly MIS system that enhances data management, reporting, and decision-making processes within the organization.
2. Deliverables: The project will deliver a fully functional MIS system, including modules for data capture, storage, analysis, reporting, and integration with existing systems.
3. Boundaries: The scope will define the limitations of the project, such as specific functionalities and features to be included, target user groups, and any constraints, such as budget and timeline.
4. Exclusions: The scope will explicitly state what is not included in the project, such as integration with external systems beyond the defined scope, hardware infrastructure upgrades, or training activities for end-users.
5. Assumptions: The scope will outline any assumptions made during the planning stage, such as the availability of key resources, existing data sources, and necessary support from stakeholders.
By clearly defining the scope of the project, all stakeholders, including the project team, management, and users, will have a shared understanding of what will be delivered and what is beyond the project's boundaries. The scope includes both what is included in the project as well as what is excluded. This will help manage expectations, control scope creep, and ensure the successful completion of the MIS development project.
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Mondelez hos $3,480 (million) worth of inventory and their COGS are $20,780 million). The average cost of each of their units is $84.3 and their holding cost is 29%. What is the average inventory cost per unit for Mondelez? Instruction: Round your answer to the nearest $0.01. The average inventory cost per unit ...
If the average cost of each of their units is $84.3 and their holding cost is 29%, the average inventory cost per unit for Mondelez is $42.48.
How to find?Given Mondelez has a $3,480 million worth of inventory and their COGS are $20,780 million. The average cost of each of their units is $84.3 and their holding cost is 29%. We need to determine the average inventory cost per unit for Mondelez.Step 1: Calculate the average inventory cost per unit for Mondelez.
Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) / Average InventoryAverage Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) / Inventory Turnover Ratio, Average Inventory = $20,780 million / Inventory Turnover RatioLet's assume x is the inventory turnover ratio for Mondelez.
x = COGS / Average Inventory= $20,780 million / ($3,480 million / $84.3) = $507.24Average Inventory = $20,780 million / $507.24 = $40,997,660 million, Average Inventory Cost Per Unit = Average Inventory / Number of UnitsAverage Inventory Cost Per Unit = ($40,997,660 million * 0.29) / (3,480 million / $84.3) = $42.48.
Hence, the average inventory cost per unit for Mondelez is $42.48.
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...
The reversible reaction, A + B = C + D, is carried out adiabatically in a series of staged packed-bed reactors with inter stage cooling. The lowest temperature to reactant system may be cooled is 27 �
In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process is a process that happens without any heat exchange between the system and its surroundings.
The reversible reaction, A + B = C + D, carried out adiabatically in a series of staged packed-bed reactors with inter stage cooling and the lowest temperature to which the reactant system can be cooled is 27 K. The answer can be found as follows:Given, The lowest temperature to which the reactant system may be cooled is 27 K.∆S = 0 (Reversible reaction)Q = 0 (Adiabatic process)∆S = 0 = Q/T0 = Q/273 K (at 0°C or 273 K, T = 0)0 = Q/273 KQ = 0at the lowest temperature, ∆S = 0= ∆H / T(∆H is the enthalpy change)As it is reversible, the process takes place in both directions at the same rate, i.e., the system is at equilibrium.Therefore, it can be concluded that at the lowest temperature to which the reactant system may be cooled is 27 K, and the enthalpy change is zero because the reversible reaction is carried out adiabatically.
A process without transfer of heat to or from a system, so that Q = 0, is called adiabatic, and such a system is said to be adiabatically isolated.[5][6] The simplifying assumption frequently made is that a process is adiabatic. For example, the compression of a gas within a cylinder of an engine is assumed to occur so rapidly that on the time scale of the compression process, little of the system's energy can be transferred out as heat to the surroundings. Even though the cylinders are not insulated and are quite conductive, that process is idealized to be adiabatic. The same can be said to be true for the expansion process of such a system.
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1) What is the difference between an Exception To Discharge in Bankruptcy and Objections To Discharge in Bankruptcy?
2) Explain the concept of a reaffirmation agreement
3) What is a debtor In Possession in a bankruptcy reorganization?
4) Explain the concept of the "cram down" provisionin a bankruptcy reorganization?
1) The difference between an Exception to Discharge and Objections to Discharge in bankruptcy lies in their respective purposes and outcomes. An Exception to Discharge refers to specific debts that are not eliminated or discharged through bankruptcy. These are debts that are deemed non-dischargeable by law, such as certain taxes, student loans, child support, and debts incurred through fraud or willful misconduct. Objections to Discharge, on the other hand, are objections raised by creditors or the bankruptcy trustee against the entire discharge of a debtor's debts. These objections are typically based on the debtor's actions, such as fraudulent behavior or failure to comply with bankruptcy requirements, and seek to prevent the debtor from obtaining a complete discharge of their debts.
2) A reaffirmation agreement is a legal contract made between a debtor and a creditor during a bankruptcy proceeding. It allows the debtor to voluntarily agree to continue being responsible for a specific debt, despite it being eligible for discharge in bankruptcy. By signing a reaffirmation agreement, the debtor essentially waives the dischargeability of that particular debt, meaning they remain liable for repaying it according to the agreed terms. Reaffirmation agreements are typically used for secured debts, such as car loans or mortgages, where the debtor wishes to keep the collateral associated with the debt and continue making payments to retain ownership.
3) In a bankruptcy reorganization, a debtor in possession refers to a situation where the debtor (the entity or individual filing for bankruptcy) continues to operate their business or manage their assets while the bankruptcy case is ongoing. In Chapter 11 bankruptcy, for example, the debtor may remain in control of their business operations and act as a "debtor in possession" rather than having a separate trustee appointed. This arrangement allows the debtor to continue running their affairs under the supervision of the bankruptcy court, implementing a reorganization plan to repay creditors and potentially emerge from bankruptcy with a restructured and viable business.
4) The concept of a "cram down" provision in a bankruptcy reorganization pertains to the ability of the bankruptcy court to approve a reorganization plan even if it is not accepted or agreed upon by all creditors. In a cram down, the court can confirm a plan over the objections of certain dissenting classes of creditors. This provision is typically used when a class of creditors rejects a proposed plan, and the court determines that the plan is fair, equitable, and meets certain legal requirements. The court has the authority to "cram down" the plan on the dissenting creditors, meaning their claims are modified or restructured according to the terms set forth in the approved plan. This allows the debtor to move forward with the reorganization, even if not all creditors are in agreement.
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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Naidu Companies is the world’s leading express-distribution company. In addition to its 643 aircraft, the company has more than 57,000 ground vehicles that pick up and deliver packages. Assume that Naidu sold a delivery truck for $23,000. Naidu had originally purchased the vehicle and recorded it in the Truck account for $39,000 and had recorded depreciation for three years. Required: Calculate the amount of gain or loss on disposal, assuming that Accumulated Depreciation—Truck was (a) $16,000, (b) $13,000, and (c) $19,000. (Select "None" if there is no Gain or Loss.
(a) No gain or loss on disposal
(b) Loss on disposal of $3,000
(c) Gain on disposal of $3,000
To calculate the amount of gain or loss on disposal of the delivery truck, we need to determine the net book value of the truck, which is the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation. Then we can compare the net book value to the amount received from the sale to determine if there is a gain or loss.
(a) Accumulated Depreciation—Truck = $16,000
Net Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Net Book Value = $39,000 - $16,000
Net Book Value = $23,000
Amount Received from Sale = $23,000
Since the amount received from the sale is equal to the net book value, there is no gain or loss on disposal. The answer is "None."
(b) Accumulated Depreciation—Truck = $13,000
Net Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Net Book Value = $39,000 - $13,000
Net Book Value = $26,000
Amount Received from Sale = $23,000
Since the amount received from the sale is less than the net book value, there is a loss on disposal. The amount of loss is calculated as:
Loss on Disposal = Net Book Value - Amount Received
Loss on Disposal = $26,000 - $23,000
Loss on Disposal = $3,000
(c) Accumulated Depreciation—Truck = $19,000
Net Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Net Book Value = $39,000 - $19,000
Net Book Value = $20,000
Amount Received from Sale = $23,000
Since the amount received from the sale is greater than the net book value, there is a gain on disposal. The amount of gain is calculated as:
Gain on Disposal = Amount Received - Net Book Value
Gain on Disposal = $23,000 - $20,000
Gain on Disposal = $3,000
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Analysis of a PERT problem shows the estimated timo for the critical path to be 108 days with a variance of 64 There is a 80 probability that the project will be completed before approximately day A 98 OB 109 OC 115 OD 108 OE 118
There is an 80% probability that the project will be completed before approximately day C, 115.
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for a normal distribution:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
Where:
Z = the z-score corresponding to the desired probability
X = the time we want to find the probability for
μ = the mean estimated time for the critical path, which is 108 days
σ = the square root of the variance, which is sqrt(64) = 8
We want to find the time at which there is an 80% probability of completing the project before that time. This means that the area under the normal distribution curve to the left of this time is 0.8.
Looking up the z-score corresponding to the left-tail probability of 0.8 in a standard normal distribution table, we get:
z = 0.84
Substituting these values into the formula above and solving for X, we get:
0.84 = (X - 108) / 8
X - 108 = 6.72
X = 114.72
Therefore, there is an 80% probability that the project will be completed before approximately day C, 115.
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Understanding Unemployment Differences across Countries. A student looking at Figure 12.2 argues that Spain must have a very high cyclical unemployment compared to Japan because the Spanish unemployment rate is so high. Explain why the student could be right or could be wrong.
The student could be right in their observation that Spain may have a high cyclical unemployment rate compared to Japan, but it's important to consider other factors that contribute to differences in unemployment rates across countries.
Cyclical unemployment: Cyclical unemployment refers to unemployment that is caused by fluctuations in the business cycle. During economic downturns, when aggregate demand decreases, cyclical unemployment tends to rise. If Spain is experiencing a severe economic downturn compared to Japan, it could result in higher cyclical unemployment in Spain, leading to a higher overall unemployment rate.
Structural factors: Unemployment rates can also be influenced by structural factors such as labor market regulations, demographics, education and skill levels, and industry composition. These factors vary across countries and can impact the overall unemployment rate. For example, Spain has faced structural challenges in its labor market, such as high youth unemployment and a reliance on industries vulnerable to economic fluctuations.
Policy responses: The effectiveness of policy responses to address unemployment can also contribute to differences across countries. Some countries may have implemented more proactive measures like active labor market policies, job training programs, or flexible labor market regulations, which can help mitigate the impact of cyclical unemployment and reduce overall unemployment rates.
Therefore, while the student's observation regarding Spain's high unemployment rate and potential high cyclical unemployment may have some merit, it's essential to consider a range of factors such as structural factors and policy responses that influence unemployment differences across countries.
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Benoit Company produces three products—A, B, and C. Data concerning the three products follow (per unit): Product A B C Selling price $ 80.00 $ 54.00 $ 80.00 Variable expenses: Direct materials 24.00 18.00 12.00 Other variable expenses 24.00 25.20 44.00 Total variable expenses 48.00 43.20 56.00 Contribution margin $ 32.00 $ 10.80 $ 24.00 Contribution margin ratio 40 % 20 % 30 % The company estimates that it can sell 850 units of each product per month. The same raw material is used in each product. The material costs $3 per pound with a maximum of 7,000 pounds available each month. Required: 1. Calculate the contribution margin per pound of the constraining resource for each product. 2. Which orders would you advise the company to accept first, those for A, B, or C? Which orders second? Third? 3. What is the maximum contribution margin that the company can earn per month if it makes optimal use of its 7,000 pounds of materials?
1. Contribution margin per pound: A = $16.00, B = $6.00, C = $16.00.
2. Order of priority: A, C, B.
3. Maximum contribution margin: $48,400 per month.
How to optimize product orders and maximize contribution margin?1. To calculate the contribution margin per pound of the constraining resource (raw material), we need to divide the contribution margin per unit by the pounds of raw material used per unit for each product. The contribution margin per pound is as follows:
- Product A: Contribution margin per pound = Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of raw material per unit = $32.00 / 2 pounds = $16.00 per pound.
- Product B: Contribution margin per pound = Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of raw material per unit = $10.80 / 1.8 pounds = $6.00 per pound.
- Product C: Contribution margin per pound = Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of raw material per unit = $24.00 / 1.5 pounds = $16.00 per pound.
2. Since the company has a limited quantity of raw material available, it should prioritize the products with the highest contribution margin per pound. Therefore, the recommended order for accepting orders would be:
- First: Product A (contribution margin per pound of $16.00).
- Second: Product C (contribution margin per pound of $16.00).
- Third: Product B (contribution margin per pound of $6.00).
3. To determine the maximum contribution margin the company can earn, we need to allocate the available 7,000 pounds of raw material optimally. Considering the order of priority mentioned above, the company should produce 850 units of Product A (requiring 850 * 2 pounds = 1,700 pounds) and 850 units of Product C (requiring 850 * 1.5 pounds = 1,275 pounds). This would leave a remaining balance of 7,000 - (1,700 + 1,275) = 4,025 pounds. As there is no further constraint on the other resources, the remaining pounds can be used to produce Product B. Thus, the maximum contribution margin the company can earn per month is:
(850 units of Product A * $32.00) + (850 units of Product C * $24.00) + (1,675 pounds of Product B * $6.00 per pound) = $48,400.
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You work for XYZ Hospital that is contemplating leasing a diagnostic scanner (leasing is a very common practice with expensive, high-tech equipment). The scanner costs $6,100,000, and it would be depreciated straight-line to zero over six years. Because of radiation contamination, it will actually be completely valueless in six years. You can lease it for $1,260,000 per year for six years. Assume that the tax rate is 22 percent. You can borrow at 7 percent before taxes.
The Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL) can be calculated to determine whether it is more beneficial for XYZ Hospital to lease or purchase the diagnostic scanner.
The scanner has a purchase cost of $6,100,000 and a depreciation period of six years, reaching zero value due to radiation contamination. The leasing option is available at $1,260,000 per year for six years. The tax rate is 22%, and the borrowing rate is 7% before taxes.
To calculate the NAL, we compare the after-tax cash flows of leasing and purchasing. First, we calculate the after-tax cost of leasing by subtracting the tax shield from the lease payments. The tax shield is the tax rate multiplied by the lease payments. Next, we calculate the after-tax cash flows of purchasing by considering the depreciation tax shield and subtracting the after-tax salvage value.
By comparing the after-tax cash flows of leasing and purchasing, we can determine the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL). If the NAL is positive, leasing would be more advantageous, while a negative NAL would indicate that purchasing is the better option.
To calculate the NAL, we need the specific values for the lease payments, salvage value, depreciation tax shield, and the tax shield, which are not provided in the given information. Without these specific values, it is not possible to calculate the NAL in this case.
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Target Market and Positioning of starbucks : Analyze the target segment for the company’s product, providing a full analysis of its demographic, psychographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics. Define the company/product’s position relative to competitors? include resourses.
Target Market and Positioning of Starbucks Target Market Analysis Starbucks is a global corporation that provides coffee beverages, snacks, and other items to people of all ages. As a result, the company's target market is a diverse one, ranging from young adults to senior citizens.
However, the company primarily targets middle-aged people aged 25 to 45 who are high earners, both male and female, and those who are more affluent. It is these people that make up the majority of the company's consumer base.Starbucks also targets customers who appreciate the company's coffee and the culture that surrounds it. They also put a premium on high-quality coffee, and they're willing to pay a premium for it, which is where Starbucks comes in. This specific market demographic enjoys a quiet place to work, read, or socialize while enjoying a cup of coffee. The company also provides free internet, music, and additional perks to consumers, making them feel welcome and at ease while inside the store.
According to a recent survey, the company's primary target audience comprises individuals who earn more than $60,000 annually and have a college degree. Starbucks stores are primarily located in urban areas, as well as high-traffic areas such as malls, universities, and airports. The company also has a mobile app that allows consumers to order ahead and skip the line, which appeals to their core demographic. Starbucks has maintained its strong brand image by continuing to provide a premium product to its consumers, resulting in the company becoming synonymous with quality coffee and customer experience. Positioning Analysis The following are some of the company's key competitors in the coffee industry: Dunkin' Donuts, McDonald's, and Costa Coffee, among others. Starbucks' brand position is unique, as the company offers high-quality coffee that is not found in other fast-food chains. Starbucks is more than simply a coffee shop; it is a "third place" where people may come to work, read, or socialize in a welcoming and calm atmosphere. Starbucks also caters to customers who value quality over quantity, which distinguishes them from other competitors who sell more affordable, low-quality coffee products. Starbucks uses high-quality beans from various regions worldwide and uses skilled baristas to create their delicious coffee beverages. The company provides its customers with a unique experience, and it is their culture that draws customers in. Starbucks has established a strong brand image over the years, which is synonymous with quality coffee and exceptional customer experience. Starbucks' social responsibility efforts have also helped to differentiate it from other competitors.
The company is dedicated to creating a sustainable environment for future generations by reducing waste, conserving energy, and encouraging ethical sourcing of its products. Starbucks has effectively positioned itself in the market as a premium brand that provides high-quality coffee beverages and exceptional customer experience, distinguishing itself from other low-quality coffee chains.
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Royalty Income
Some years ago, Lindsey wrote a book entitled "Understanding your Legal Rights", which retails for sale at most good Brisbane book retailers for $29.95. For each book sold, Lindsey receives a royalty of $10 from the book publisher.
On 21 June 2021, Lindsey receives a cheque for $2,560 from the book publisher, representing royalty income in respect of the sale of 256 books during the 2021 income year.
what is the assessable income?
The assessable income in this case would be the total amount of royalty income received by Lindsey from the sale of books during the 2021 income year.
Given that Lindsey receives a royalty of $10 for each book sold and a total of 256 books were sold, we can calculate the assessable income as follows:
Assessable Income = Royalty per book * Number of books sold
Assessable Income = $10/book * 256 books
Assessable Income = $2,560
Therefore, the assessable income for Lindsey in the 2021 income year is $2,560. This amount represents the total income generated from the royalty payments received for the sale of the books.
It's important to note that assessable income refers to the amount of income that is subject to taxation. In this case, Lindsey's royalty income from book sales would be included in her taxable income for the year and taxed according to the applicable tax rates and regulations.
In conclusion, the assessable income for Lindsey from the sale of books during the 2021 income year is $2,560.
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A consumer has a utility function over two goods x and y given by U(x, y) = x1/3,2/3 (a) Find the MRS of x for y given this utility function (b) As the ratio of x to y increases, what happens to the MRS? How does this relate to the convexity of indifference curves for this consumer? (c) Consider a different utility function U(x, y) = ln(x) + 2 ln(y) Show that this utility function has the same MRS as the original. Why do you think this is the case? (Hint: what happens if you take a log of the original utility function?) (d) Assume that the consumer has income I, the price of x is Px and the price of y is Py. Setup a Lagrangian for each of the two utility functions above. (e) Solve the Lagrangians to find the optimal choice of x and y as a function of prices and income (Marshallian demand). Show that both utility functions give the same solution. (f) What is the consumer's optimal choice if I = 120, Px = 2 and Py = 8?
A) Find the MRS of x for y given the utility function U(x, y) = x^(1/3)*y^(2/3)The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the amount of a good that an individual is willing to give up to obtain one more unit of another good while holding utility constant. To find the MRS, the marginal utility of the numerator good is divided by the marginal utility of the denominator good, resulting in:
MRS = MUx/MUyMUx = ∂U/∂x = (1/3)x^(-2/3)*y^(2/3)MUy = ∂U/∂y = (2/3)x^(1/3)*y^(-1/3)MRS = MUx/MUy = ((1/3)x^(-2/3)*y^(2/3))/((2/3)x^(1/3)*y^(-1/3)) = (1/2) * x^(-1) * yB)
As the ratio of x to y increases, the MRS decreases. This is due to the concavity of the indifference curves, which are bow-shaped and become flatter as they move outward.
Indifference curves are concave because the MRS decreases as one moves down the curve, indicating that individuals need to be compensated with more of one good to give up one unit of another. C) Show that this utility function has the same MRS as the original. U(x, y) = ln(x) + 2 ln(y)MUx = ∂U/∂x = 1/xMUy = ∂U/∂y = 2/yMRS = MUx/MUy = (1/x) / (2/y) = y/(2x) = x^(-1) * yD) For the first utility function, the Lagrangian is L = x^(1/3)*y^(2/3) - λ(I - Px*x - Py*y)For the second utility function, the Lagrangian is L = ln(x) + 2ln(y) - λ(I - Px*x - Py*y)E) To obtain the Marshallian demands for x and y, differentiate the Lagrangians and set the first-order conditions to zero.
For the first utility function:∂L/∂x = (1/3)x^(-2/3)*y^(2/3) - λPx = 0∂L/∂y = (2/3)x^(1/3)*y^(-1/3) - λPy = 0∂L/∂λ = I - Px*x - Py*y = 0Solving this system of equations yields the following demand functions: x = (3/2) * (I/Px)^(3/2) * (Py)^(1/2) y = (3/4) * (I/Py)^(3/2) * (Px)^(-1/2)For the second utility function, the Lagrangian is:
L = ln(x) + 2ln(y) - λ(I - Px*x - Py*y)Taking the first-order conditions and solving for the Marshallian demand functions yields the following:
x = I/2Px y = I/4PyF) When I = 120, Px = 2, and Py = 8, the optimal choice of x and y can be calculated using the Marshallian demand functions derived earlier.
Using the demand functions for the first utility function, x = (3/2) * (I/Px)^(3/2) * (Py)^(1/2) = (3/2) * (120/2)^(3/2) * (8)^(1/2) = 180y = (3/4) * (I/Py)^(3/2) * (Px)^(-1/2) = (3/4) * (120/8)^(3/2) * (2)^(-1/2) = 22.11Using the demand functions for the second utility function, x = I/2Px = 120/4 = 30 y = I/4Py = 120/32 = 3.75
The consumer's optimal choice of goods is thus (180, 22.11) for the first utility function and (30, 3.75) for the second utility function.
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if $5000 is borrowed at a rate of 6.75% interest per year, compounded quarterly, find the amount due at the end of the given number of years:
Here's the step-by-step explanation to find the amount due at the end of the given number of years when $5,000 is borrowed at a 6.75% interest rate per year, compounded quarterly.
1. Convert the annual interest rate to a decimal: 6.75% = 0.0675.
2. Divide the annual interest rate by the number of compounding periods in a year (quarterly compounding means there are 4 periods in a year): 0.0675 / 4 = 0.016875.
3. Now, we need to know the number of years for which the amount is borrowed. Let's denote it as 'n' years.
4. Calculate the total number of compounding periods: 4 (quarterly compounding periods) * n (years) = 4n.
5. Use the compound interest formula to find the amount due at the end: A = P(1 + r)^nt, where A is the amount due, P is the principal amount ($5,000), r is the quarterly interest rate (0.016875), and t is the total number of compounding periods (4n).
6. Substitute the values into the formula: A = 5000(1 + 0.016875)^(4n).
To find the exact amount due at the end of a specific number of years, replace 'n' with the desired number of years and solve for A.
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The industry context of the articles is smartphones or mobile computing (in contrast to desktop computing OR traditional mobile phones). Use the chart below to classify the effect of mobile computing as either low or high innovation impact in each category, giving reasons for your answer. You should commit to either the "low" or the "high" cell when answering the question, but if you believe sufficiently strongly that the answer is "both" or somewhere in the middle, you may choose to fill out both cells in the rows below.
The impact of mobile computing is high innovation in all categories.
The emergence of smartphones and mobile computing has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. In the category of hardware, mobile computing has brought about a significant shift towards smaller, more powerful, and more portable devices. The development of mobile operating systems has led to the creation of countless mobile applications that have transformed the way we interact with technology. The rise of mobile commerce has opened up new markets and created new opportunities for businesses. Overall, the impact of mobile computing has been transformative and far-reaching.
In conclusion, the impact of mobile computing is high innovation across all categories. Its impact can be seen in the hardware, software, and business aspects of the industry, leading to significant changes in how we interact with technology and conduct our daily lives.
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Suppose the economy is operating at a point where output is
greater than the natural level of output. Given this information,
is the actual price level equal to the expected price level at the
current
In an economy where output is greater than the natural level of output, the actual price level is generally expected to be higher than the expected price level at the current time.
When the economy operates above its natural level of output, it usually experiences an increase in demand for goods and services. This increased demand, coupled with limited supply, leads to upward pressure on prices. As a result, the actual price level tends to rise above the expected price level.
The expected price level is based on the anticipated level of inflation, which takes into account factors such as changes in money supply, fiscal policies, and inflation expectations. However, in a situation where output surpasses the natural level, the demand for goods and services exceeds the economy's productive capacity. As a result, businesses may have to increase prices to balance supply and demand. This upward adjustment in prices leads to a higher actual price level compared to what was initially expected.
It's important to note that this is a simplified explanation, and the relationship between output, price level, and inflation is influenced by various factors and economic dynamics. Additionally, the specific behavior of the actual and expected price levels can vary depending on the particular circumstances and policies in place.
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5 Jin Li, an employee of ETrain.com, leases a car at O'Hare Airport for a three-day business trip. The rental cost is $468. Prepare the entry by ETrain.com to record Jin Li's short-term car lease cost
The journal entry to record Jin Li's short-term car lease cost by ETrain.com would be as follows
Date: [Date of the transaction]
Expense - Car Lease: $468
Cash (or Accounts Payable): $468
Explanation:
The journal entry increases the Car Lease expense account by $468, representing the cost of the car lease. On the other side, the Cash account is decreased by $468, reflecting the payment made for the lease. If ETrain.com is not paying in cash immediately, but instead using accounts payable, the second account would be Accounts Payable.ETrain.com debits the Car Rental Expense account to increase the expense and credits the Accounts Payable account to reflect the liability created for the car lease cost. By recording this entry, ETrain.com recognizes the cost incurred for Jin Li's short-term car lease as an expense on their financial records.
It's important to note that the specific account titles may vary depending on the chart of accounts and the accounting practices of ETrain.com.
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Exercise 15-2 (Algo) Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities [LO15-2] For the year just completed, Hanna Company had net income of $78,000. Balances in the company's current asset and current liability accounts at the beginning and end of the year were as follows: December 31 End of Beginning Year of Year Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued liabilities Income taxes payable $ 57,000 $ 82,000 $ 168,000 $ 188,000 $ 439,000 $ 346,000 $ 11,500 $ 14,000 $ 366,000 $ 384,000 $ 8,500 $ 11,500 $ 33,000 $ 26,000 The Accumulated Depreciation account had total credits of $44,000 during the year. Hanna Company did not record any gains or losses during the year. Required: Using the indirect method, determine the net cash provided by operating activities for the year. (List any deduction in cash and cash outflows as negative amounts.) Hanna Company Statement of Cash Flows—Indirect Method (partial) Net income Adjustments to convert net income to a cash basis: Depreciation Decrease in accounts receivable Increase in inventory Decrease in prepaid expenses Decrease in accounts payable Decrease in accrued liabilities Increase in income taxes payable Net cash provided by operating activities
The net cash provided by operating activities for the year is $209,500. Hanna Company Statement of Cash Flows—Indirect Method (partial)Net income $78,000 Adjustments to convert net income to a cash basis:
Depreciation $44,000Increase in inventory ($168,000-$188,000) $20,000Increase in prepaid expenses ($11,500-$8,500) $3,000Decrease in accounts payable ($439,000-$366,000) $73,000Increase in accrued liabilities ($26,000-$33,000) ($7,000)Increase in income taxes payable ($14,000-$11,500) ($2,500)Net cash provided by operating activities $209,500
The net cash provided by operating activities for the year has been determined using the indirect method. Here, all the cash inflows and outflows that arise from the company's operations have been taken into account for this calculation. The following adjustments have been made to convert the net income to a cash basis: Depreciation: The accumulated depreciation account had total credits of $44,000 during the year. As depreciation is a non-cash expense, it has been added back to the net income to adjust it to a cash basis. Increase in inventory: The balance in the inventory account at the end of the year was higher than the balance at the beginning of the year. Hence, there was an increase in inventory. As a result, it is a cash outflow from the company's operations. Therefore, the increase in inventory amount has been added back to the net income to adjust it to a cash basis. Decrease in prepaid expenses: The balance in the prepaid expenses account at the end of the year was lower than the balance at the beginning of the year. Hence, there was a decrease in prepaid expenses. As a result, it is a cash inflow from the company's operations. Therefore, the decrease in prepaid expenses amount has been added back to the net income to adjust it to a cash basis. Decrease in accounts payable: The balance in the accounts payable account at the end of the year was lower than the balance at the beginning of the year. Hence, there was a decrease in accounts payable. As a result, it is a cash inflow from the company's operations. Therefore, the decrease in accounts payable amount has been added back to the net income to adjust it to a cash basis. Increase in accrued liabilities: The balance in the accrued liabilities account at the end of the year was higher than the balance at the beginning of the year. Hence, there was an increase in accrued liabilities. As a result, it is a cash outflow from the company's operations. Therefore, the increase in accrued liabilities amount has been subtracted from the net income to adjust it to a cash basis. Increase in income taxes payable: The balance in the income taxes payable account at the end of the year was higher than the balance at the beginning of the year. Hence, there was an increase in income taxes payable. As a result, it is a cash outflow from the company's operations. Therefore, the increase in income taxes payable amount has been subtracted from the net income to adjust it to a cash basis. The net cash provided by operating activities for the year is $209,500.
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Presented below is information related to Sunland Company. 1. Net Income [including a discontinued operations gain (net of tax) of $66,000] $221,000
2. Capital Structure a. Cumulative 5% preferred stock, $100 par, 5,800 shares issued and outstanding $580,000
b. $10 par common stock, 74,000 shares outstanding on January 1. On April 1, 40,000 shares were issued for cash. On October 1, 16,000 shares were purchased and retired. $1,000,000
C. On January 2 of the current year, Sunland purchased Oslo Corporation. One of the terms of the purchase was that if Oslo net income for the following year is $242,000 or more, 50,000 additional shares would be issued to Oslo stockholders next year. Oslo's net income for the current year was $2,600,000. 3. Other Information a. Average market price per share of common stock during entire year $30
b. Income tax rate 30% (a1) Your answer is correct. Compute weighted average shares outstanding. Weighted average shares outstanding _____
(a2) Compute earnings per share for the current year. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75.) Basic earnings per share $ ___
Diluted earnings per share $ ___
The weighted average shares outstanding is 33,284,000.(a2) to compute earnings per share (eps) for the current year, we need to divide the net income by the weighted average shares outstanding.
(a1) to compute the weighted average shares outstanding, we need to consider the changes in the number of shares during the year.
given:- on january 1, there were 74,000 shares outstanding.
- on april 1, 40,000 shares were issued for cash.- on october 1, 16,000 shares were purchase and retired.
weighted average shares outstanding = (shares outstanding for each period * number of days) / total number of days
january 1 to march 31 (91 days):
74,000 shares * 91 days = 6,734,000
april 1 to september 30 (183 days):(74,000 + 40,000) shares * 183 days = 21,870,000
october 1 to december 31 (92 days):
(74,000 - 16,000) shares * 92 days = 4,680,000
total weighted average shares outstanding:6,734,000 + 21,870,000 + 4,680,000 = 33,284,000 given:
- net income (including discontinued operations gain) = $221,000- weighted average shares outstanding = 33,284,000
basic earnings per share (eps) = net income / weighted average shares outstanding
basic eps = $221,000 / 33,284,000
diluted earnings per share (eps) = net income / (weighted average shares outstanding + potential additional shares)diluted eps = $221,000 / (33,284,000 + 50,000) (since the condition for issuing additional shares was not met)
calculating the results:
basic eps = $221,000 / 33,284,000 = $0.00663 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
diluted eps = $221,000 / 33,334,000 = $0.00663 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
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Which one of the following requires that the evaluation describe
an employee's performance in written narrative form?
1) Critical Incident Appraisal
2) Checklist
3) Forced Choice Rating
4) Behaviorall
The evaluation method that requires that the evaluation describe an employee's performance in written narrative form is the Critical Incident Appraisal. So correct answer is A
This type of performance appraisal method involves recording specific instances of effective or ineffective job performance as they occur. The evaluator then documents these incidents in written narrative form, describing the details of the incident, the actions of the employee, and the results of the incident.
The purpose of the critical incident appraisal is to provide specific examples of the employee's job performance, both positive and negative, and to help identify areas where improvement is needed. By documenting specific incidents, the evaluator can provide detailed feedback to the employee that is focused on specific behaviors and actions, rather than generalizations about job performance. This feedback can be used to guide the employee's future job performance and to set goals for improvement.
The other three methods listed in the question, Checklist, Forced Choice Rating, and Behavioral, do not require that the evaluation describe an employee's performance in written narrative form. A Checklist appraisal involves using a list of predetermined criteria to evaluate an employee's job performance. A Forced Choice Rating appraisal involves comparing two statements about an employee's job performance and selecting the one that best describes the employee. A Behavioral appraisal involves evaluating an employee's job performance based on specific, observable behaviors.
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