The sensory register acts as a holding bin, retaining information in a highly accurate form until we can select items for attention.What is Sensory Register?Sensory register refers to the first phase in the memory process, where all information is captured by our senses and retained in its original form, but only for a brief period.
Incoming information is gathered through vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. The sensory register only has a small capacity of holding a small amount of information for a short period, but this information has a high degree of accuracy and detail. This information is either transferred to the working memory for further processing or is discarded.
What is Working Memory? Working memory is also known as short-term memory. It is a stage in the memory process where incoming information from the sensory register is processed actively by the individual to give it a meaning, connect it with prior knowledge, and to decide if it is necessary to retain it or discard it. Long-term memory has an unlimited capacity and has various types such as declarative memory, procedural memory, and emotional memory.
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In Ubereats, drivers are rewarded with a raise if they finish their deliveries more than a certain amount. For example, if n is under 50 deliveries, the fee is x, hence, the total profit is n ∗
x. As for the deliveries above 50 , the fee turns to y, so the total profit would be 50 ∗
x+(n−50) ∗
y. If the driver delivers 30 orders, and x is 50,y is 100 , please calculate his/hers profit of the day. If another driver delivers 70 orders, x and y are the same, what is his/hers profit of the day? 2. GPA converter : convert class grade into grade points, then output result as a single string input: class name: string class grade: string (A +
,A,A−,B+,B,B−,C+,C, C-, F) output: [class name] grade point: [grade point] * corresponding grade point: float (4.3,4.0,3.7, 3.3,3.0,2.7,2.3,2.0,1.7,0)
The first driver's profit is $1500, and the second driver's profit is $5500.
"Math" grade point: 3.3.
To calculate the profit of the drivers based on the given conditions:
For the first driver who delivers 30 orders:
n = 30 (number of deliveries)x = 50 (fee for deliveries below 50)y = 100 (fee for deliveries above 50)Since the driver delivers less than 50 orders, the total profit would be:
Profit = n * x = 30 * 50 = $1500
For the second driver who delivers 70 orders:
n = 70 (number of deliveries)x = 50 (fee for deliveries below 50)y = 100 (fee for deliveries above 50)Since the driver delivers more than 50 orders, the total profit would be:
Profit = 50 * x + (n - 50) * y = 50 * 50 + (70 - 50) * 100 = $5500
Therefore, the first driver would earn $1500 in profit for the day, while the second driver would earn $5500 in profit.
GPA Converter:
To convert the class grade into grade points and output the result as a single string:
Let's assume the input variables are as follows:
class_name = "Math"
class_grade = "B+"
We can define a dictionary mapping the class grades to their corresponding grade points:
grade_points = {"A+": 4.3,"A": 4.0,"A-": 3.7,"B+": 3.3,"B": 3.0,"B-": 2.7,"C+": 2.3,"C": 2.0,"C-": 1.7,"F": 0}We can then convert the class grade to its corresponding grade point by accessing the dictionary using the class_grade variable:
grade_point = grade_points[class_grade]
Finally, we can construct the output string:
output = class_name + " grade point: " + str(grade_point)
Using the example inputs, the output string would be:
"Math grade point: 3.3" In this case, the class "Math" received a grade of "B+", which corresponds to a grade point of 3.3.
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Given that the variable b is type boolean – select all assignment statements that are valid. (Note - this question does not ask you to evaluate if the expression is true or false - just if the expression is valid Java syntax).
b = true;
b = FALSE;
b = 5<1/2;
b = "hey".equals("HEY");
False. The two strings "hey" and "HEY" are not equal, the expression "hey".equals("HEY") evaluates to false, and therefore, the value of b would be false.
The valid assignment statements that can be used for the variable b of type boolean are as follows:```
b = true;
b = false;
b = 5 < 1/2;
b = "hey".equals("HEY");
```In Java, boolean is a data type that can take only two possible values: true and false. As a result, the first two statements are valid because they assign the boolean value true or false to the variable b.The third statement is also valid syntax because it makes use of the less than operator (<) to compare 5 to 1/2.
However, since 1/2 is an integer division, the expression 5 < 1/2 is equivalent to 5 < 0, which is false.
So, in this case, the value of b would be false. The fourth statement is also a valid syntax because it uses the equals() method to compare two strings.
Since the two strings "hey" and "HEY" are not equal, the expression "hey".equals("HEY") evaluates to false, and therefore, the value of b would be false.
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Usable Security. Assume you are working as a cyber security consultant for the game development industry. You are tasked to develop a game-based app that teaches employees in a financial institution how to protect them from phishing attacks.
1. Briefly explain your advice to develop appropriate teaching content (i.e., what to teach) in the gaming app to combat contemporary phishing attacks. 2. Briefly explain your strategy to get users (i.e., employees in financial institutions) to better interact with the gaming, app to improve their learning experience.
3. Briefly explain how you assess the user’s learning (i.e., employees) through the game
To develop appropriate teaching content, the gaming app should be designed to simulate the current and most commonly occurring phishing attacks. The gaming app should teach the employees how to identify and prevent phishing attacks.
The training can be split into different levels, each level simulating an attack scenario where employees learn to identify common tactics used by attackers, such as fake websites, social engineering, and identity theft. Employees must be trained to recognize the signs of phishing attacks, including email messages with deceptive content, grammar and spelling errors, and suspicious links. Furthermore, the gaming app should also focus on how to avoid such phishing attacks by providing practical training to employees.ExplanationThe gaming app should provide a comprehensive, engaging, and interactive platform that employees can use to learn how to protect themselves from phishing attacks.
The app should be designed with easy-to-use instructions that guide users through different scenarios. The gaming app should also be user-friendly to ensure that the user is not overwhelmed or frustrated while using it. This will help to increase engagement and interest in the game, and employees will be more likely to learn the content of the gaming app.2. The strategy to get users to interact with the gaming app to improve their learning experience is to make it as engaging as possible.
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Consider the following iscomplete getMean method. Which of the following implementations of f whang cedo %/ will make method getNean work as inteaded? Implomentatlon I doublo temp =0.0s for (int k=0,k<1 at. length; k++1 temp t=1 ist {k]; return (temp /11 s. . length) Implementation If int temp =0. For (int k=0,k<1 ist. lengthi k++ ) ternp to 11st[k], return (temp / list.length); Implementation III int temp a 0 : for (int k=0;k<11st. Length; kt+ ) temp t= 11st (k] / return ((double) temp / 11st. length) 7 (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and It (B) I and III
The implementation I and III will make method getMean work as intended. Consider the following is complete getMean method. The get Mean method has to calculate the mean of an array of integers.
Here, the variable temp is a double data type and is initialized to 0.0. A for loop iterates through each element of the array list and adds each element to temp. The mean is calculated by dividing temp by the length of list.The code inside the for loop for this implementation is as follows:temp += list[k];So, here the implementation calculates the sum of the elements in the list correctly.
However, it returns the value of temp / list.length inside the for loop. Here, the variable temp is an integer data type and is initialized to 0. A for loop iterates through each element of the array list and divides each element by temp. The mean is calculated by dividing temp by the length of list.The code inside the for loop for this implementation is as follows:temp *= list[k];This implementation multiplies the elements of the list together instead of adding them. Therefore, it is incorrect.Therefore, the correct answer is option D. The implementation I and III will make method getMean work as intended.
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The customer wants a cheque from the bank. The customer provides his/her account number, signature, and the amount to the bank staff who enters these into the system which first verifies if the account information and signature is valid. If invalid, the bank staff is immediately notified and the process terminates. If the account is valid, the software then gets the balance of the account from a database. The system informs the bank staff if the balance is insufficient. If the balance is greater than the amount of the cheque, the system deducts the amount from the account. However, if the amount is greater than QR. 50,000, an approval is needed from the bank manager. The bank manager can either rejects or approves the amount in this case. If rejected, the bank staff get a message to cancel the process, otherwise, the system askes the customer to provide the payee name, prepares the cheque, saves it in a database, and inform the customer to collect the cheque from the bank staff
The customer provides his/her account number, signature, and the amount to the bank staff who enters these into the system which first verifies if the account information and signature is valid.
If invalid, the bank staff is immediately notified and the process terminates. If the account is valid, the software then gets the balance of the account from a database.The system informs the bank staff if the balance is insufficient. If the balance is greater than the amount of the cheque, the system deducts the amount from the account.
However, if the amount is greater than QR. 50,000, an approval is needed from the bank manager. The bank manager can either reject or approve the amount in this case.If rejected, the bank staff get a message to cancel the process. Otherwise, the system asks the customer to provide the payee name, prepares the cheque, saves it in a database, and informs the customer to collect the cheque from the bank staff.
A cheque is a document that instructs the bank to pay a specific amount of money from a customer's account to the person whose name is written on it. To get a cheque from the bank, a customer needs to provide their account number, signature, and the amount they want to withdraw to the bank staff. The bank staff enters this information into the system, which first verifies whether the account information and signature are valid or not.If the account information and signature are invalid, the bank staff immediately gets notified, and the process gets terminated. However, if the account information and signature are valid, the software then gets the balance of the account from a database. The system informs the bank staff if the balance is insufficient. If the balance is greater than the amount of the cheque, the system deducts the amount from the account.
However, if the amount is greater than QR. 50,000, an approval is needed from the bank manager. The bank manager can either reject or approve the amount in this case. If the bank manager rejects the amount, the bank staff gets a message to cancel the process. Otherwise, the system asks the customer to provide the payee name, prepares the cheque, saves it in a database, and informs the customer to collect the cheque from the bank staff. The system makes sure that every step of the cheque preparation process gets completed in an orderly manner.
The bank cheque preparation process involves several steps. The customer provides their account number, signature, and the amount they want to withdraw to the bank staff. The bank staff enters this information into the system, which first verifies whether the account information and signature are valid or not. If the account information and signature are invalid, the bank staff immediately gets notified, and the process gets terminated. However, if the account information and signature are valid, the software then gets the balance of the account from a database. If the balance is insufficient, the system informs the bank staff. If the balance is greater than the amount of the cheque, the system deducts the amount from the account.
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3.1 A semaphore can be defined as an integer value used for signalling among processes. What is the operation that may be performed on a semaphore? (6 Marks) 3.2 What is the difference between binary semaphore and non-binary semaphore? (4 Marks) 3.3 Although semaphores provide a primitive yet powerful and flexible tool for enforcing mutual exclusion and for coordinating processes, why is it difficult to produce a correct program using semaphores? (4 Marks) 3.4 The monitor is a programming language construct that provides equivalent functionality to that of semaphores and that is easier to control. Discuss the characteristics of a monitor system.
A monitor is a higher-level synchronization construct that provides encapsulation, mutual exclusion, condition variables, atomicity, and implicit queuing.
A monitor is a higher-level programming language construct that provides an easier and more structured approach to synchronization compared to semaphores. It encapsulates shared data and the procedures that operate on that data into a single entity, promoting modular and organized synchronization. One of the key characteristics of a monitor is mutual exclusion. Only one process can be active inside the monitor at a time, ensuring that the shared data is accessed exclusively. This eliminates the need for explicit locking mechanisms and reduces the chances of race conditions.
Monitors also provide built-in condition variables, which allow processes to wait for specific conditions to be satisfied before proceeding. Condition variables provide a more expressive way to synchronize and coordinate processes. Processes can wait on a condition variable and be notified by another process when the condition they are waiting for becomes true. This simplifies the coordination of processes and reduces the complexity of synchronization logic.
Operations inside a monitor are executed atomically, meaning they cannot be interrupted by other processes. This atomicity guarantees that the state of shared data remains consistent during the execution of monitor procedures.
Additionally, monitors have an implicit queuing mechanism. When a process is blocked inside a monitor, it is automatically placed in a queue associated with the condition variable it is waiting on. This queuing mechanism ensures fairness and allows processes to be awakened in the order they entered the monitor, avoiding issues like starvation.
In summary, a monitor system provides a higher-level and structured approach to synchronization. It encapsulates shared data and operations, enforces mutual exclusion, provides condition variables for expressive synchronization, ensures atomic execution of procedures, and includes an implicit queuing mechanism. These characteristics make monitors easier to control and reason about compared to using lower-level primitives like semaphores.
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In Apache Maven, we can think of a________as a collection of__________with a general common purpose.
Docker is a___________engine that we are using to run our PostgreSQL and Spring Boot applications.
___________is a build orchestration tool that is focused on providing an easy-to-use and uniform build system for Java.
what is the description of Apache Maven's default lifecycle phase for building the source code of the project
Int
Validate
Package
Bundle
Deploy
Build
Compile
Stage
what is the description of Apache Maven's default lifecycle phase for copying the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects
Int
Validate
Package
Bundle
Deploy
Build
Compile
Stage
what is the description of Apache Maven's default lifecycle phase for verifying the project is correct and all necessary information is available
Int
Validate
Package
Bundle
Deploy
Build
Compile
Stage
In Apache Maven, we can think of a Project as a collection of resources with a general common purpose. In Apache Maven, we can think of a Project as a collection of resources with a general common purpose.
Maven is a build automation tool that uses POM (Project Object Model) for managing builds. Maven builds a project using its project object model (POM) and a set of plugins. Maven is used for managing Java dependencies and creating Java projects. Maven is used to create a new project, build the project, manage dependencies, and deploy the project. Docker is a containerization platform that is used to create, deploy, and run applications using containers.
Docker containers are lightweight and can be easily moved across platforms. Docker is a containerization technology that allows developers to build and run applications in containers. Docker is a platform for running applications in containers. It allows developers to create and run containers that are lightweight, portable, and self-sufficient. Apache Ant is a build tool that is used to automate the build process of Java projects.
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Which of the following interior routing protocols support VLSM? (Choose four answers.)
a. RIP-1
b. RIP-2
c. EIGRP
d. OSPF
e. Integrated IS-IS
The interior routing protocols that support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) are EIGRP, OSPF, Integrated IS-IS, and RIP-2.
Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) allows for the creation of subnets with different sizes within a network, which is useful for efficient utilization of IP addresses. Among the given options, the interior routing protocols that support VLSM are EIGRP, OSPF, Integrated IS-IS, and RIP-2.
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that supports VLSM. It allows for the creation of subnets with varying subnet mask lengths within a network, providing flexibility in network design and address allocation.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an industry-standard link-state routing protocol that also supports VLSM. With OSPF, network administrators can create subnets of different sizes by assigning appropriate subnet masks to the network interfaces, allowing for efficient address allocation.
Integrated IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System) is a link-state routing protocol used in larger networks. It also supports VLSM, enabling the creation of subnets with different subnet mask lengths within the network.
RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol version 2) is an updated version of RIP that supports VLSM. Unlike its predecessor RIP-1, which only supports classful routing, RIP-2 allows for the use of variable length subnet masks, facilitating the creation of subnets with different sizes.
In contrast, RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol version 1) does not support VLSM. It only supports classful routing, which means all subnets within a network must have the same subnet mask length.
Therefore, the correct answers are EIGRP, OSPF, Integrated IS-IS, and RIP-2, as these interior routing protocols support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM).
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Name two well-known data transport protocols provided by the Internet Transport Layer. Provide a brief description of each service and indicate what type of application might use that service.
Two well-known data transport protocols provided by the Internet Transport Layer are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data packets over IP networks. It ensures that data packets are transmitted in the correct order and guarantees their successful delivery by employing acknowledgments, retransmissions, and flow control mechanisms. TCP is commonly used by applications that require error-free and guaranteed delivery of data, such as web browsing, email, file transfer (FTP), and remote terminal access (SSH).
2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP):
UDP is a connectionless protocol that offers a lightweight and low-overhead alternative to TCP. It provides a best-effort delivery service, where data packets are sent without establishing a connection or ensuring reliability. UDP is known for its simplicity and reduced latency, making it suitable for time-sensitive applications that can tolerate some packet loss, such as real-time video streaming, online gaming, VoIP (Voice over IP), and DNS (Domain Name System) queries.
While both TCP and UDP operate at the Transport Layer, their different characteristics and functionalities make them suitable for different types of applications. TCP is favored when reliable and ordered delivery is crucial, whereas UDP is chosen when low latency and minimal overhead are more important, sacrificing some reliability in the process.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about tuples? Tuples are immutable Tuples can be indexed Tuples are memory-efficient A tuple cannot have another tuple as one of its element
A tuple cannot have another tuple as one of its element. A tuple is a collection of elements, and the elements can be of different data types. The tuples are immutable objects that are similar to lists in Python, but they can not be changed once they are created.
A tuple can be indexed, and we can access its elements using their positions. Tuples are memory-efficient and are faster than lists because they have a fixed length and cannot be modified. They are commonly used to store related pieces of information, such as a person's name, age, and address, and return multiple values from a function. Thus, the correct answer is that a tuple cannot have another tuple as one of its elements.
In Python, a tuple is a collection of ordered, immutable elements enclosed in parentheses. The elements of a tuple can be of different data types, including numbers, strings, lists, and other tuples. Tuples are similar to lists in Python, but they have some differences that make them unique. Here are some statements that are true about tuples:Tuples are immutable objects, which means that they can not be changed once they are created. We can not add, delete, or modify elements in a tuple.
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Switches do their best to pass Ethernet frames along without dropping any frames. But
sometimes they are forced to do so. Describe a scenario where a switch would drop frames.
Why would it have to drop frames? How could you check if this is happening on your
own network?
Switches may drop Ethernet frames in scenarios of network congestion or when frames have transmission errors or protocol violations. Monitoring tools and analyzing error counters can help identify if frame dropping is occurring on your own network.
One scenario where a switch would drop frames is when there is network congestion. Network congestion occurs when the amount of incoming traffic exceeds the switch's capacity to handle it. Switches have limited buffering capabilities, and if the incoming traffic rate surpasses this capacity, the switch has no choice but to drop frames to prevent further congestion and ensure the efficient operation of the network.
Another reason for frame dropping is when there are transmission errors or issues with the frames themselves. If a frame arrives with errors, the switch may discard it to prevent the propagation of corrupted data within the network. Similarly, if the switch receives frames with invalid addresses or other protocol violations, it may choose to drop those frames as well.
To check if frame dropping is happening on your own network, you can employ various methods. One approach is to use network monitoring tools that provide insights into switch performance and traffic statistics. These tools can help identify packet loss and dropped frame rates, allowing you to assess if frame dropping is occurring.
Additionally, analyzing network logs or using network diagnostic commands can provide information on frame loss. Monitoring the switch's error counters, such as input/output errors or dropped packet counters, can indicate the occurrence of frame dropping. Unusually high error rates or dropped packet counts may suggest that frames are being dropped within the network.
By regularly monitoring network performance and investigating any anomalies or patterns of frame loss, you can gain visibility into whether frames are being dropped and take necessary steps to address the issue.
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The term "domain controller" is a name commonly used to refer to a Microsoft directory services server.
a.) True
b.) False
The given statement, "The term "domain controller" is a name commonly used to refer to a Microsoft directory services server" is True.
The term "domain controller" is a name commonly used to refer to a Microsoft directory services server.
A domain controller (DC) is a server that has been configured as an Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) domain controller.
It is a central point for authenticating users and managing computers that are part of a domain.
In essence, a domain controller is a server that is responsible for allowing and managing user authentication within a domain.
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: In a network device A and B are separated by two 2-Gigabit/s links and a single switch. The packet size is 6000 bits, and each link introduces a propagation delay of 2 milliseconds. Assume that the switch begins forwarding immediately after it has received the last bit of the packet and the queues are empty. How much the total delay if A sends a packet to B ? (B): Now, suppose we have three switches and four links, then what is the total delay if A sends a packet to B ?
Given Information:
- Link speed = 2 Gigabit/s
- Packet size = 6000 bits
- Propagation delay of each link = 2 milliseconds
- Number of links between A and B = 2
A packet is being sent from A to B.
The formula to calculate delay is as follows:
Total delay = Propagation delay + Transmission delay + Queuing delay
1. Calculation for 2 links between A and B:
Propagation delay = 2 * 2 = 4 ms
Transmission delay = Packet Size / Link Speed = 6000 / (2 * 10^9) = 3 µs
Queuing delay = 0 (since the queues are empty)
Total delay = Propagation delay + Transmission delay + Queuing delay
Total delay = 4 ms + 3 µs + 0
Total delay = 4.003 ms
Answer: Total delay is 4.003 ms.
2. Calculation for 4 links between A and B:
If we have three switches and four links between A and B, then the path of the packet will be as shown below:
A --- switch1 --- switch2 --- switch3 --- B
Now, we have four links between A and B.
Propagation delay of each link = 2 milliseconds
Total propagation delay = Propagation delay of link 1 + Propagation delay of link 2 + Propagation delay of link 3 + Propagation delay of link 4
Total propagation delay = 2 ms + 2 ms + 2 ms + 2 ms
Total propagation delay = 8 ms
Transmission delay = Packet Size / Link Speed = 6000 / (2 * 10^9) = 3 µs
Queuing delay = 0 (since the queues are empty)
Total delay = Propagation delay + Transmission delay + Queuing delay
Total delay = 8 ms + 3 µs + 0
Total delay = 8.003 ms
Answer: Total delay is 8.003 ms.
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In this Lab, we will use a simple web page with login, registration,
and basic CRUD operation to achieve the desired learning outcomes of understanding and
observing the operation of HTTP and HTTPS on web applications.
You have installed your web server of choice on your computer. By default, the web server binds
to port 80 when started to support HTTP services. In this task, you are required to do the following:
1. Run Wireshark first to start capturing packets, then go to your browser and access the
webpage you created. When the page loads you can stop the capture. Afterward, trace back
to when the first HTTP message was sent from your browser to the web server. Above this
message, there should be a TCP 3-Way Handshake message that was done before the web
client and server started exchanging data. Observe this process and list the messages
involved (Attach screenshots with explanations as responses to this activity)
2. Configure your webserver by enabling HTTPS services and confirm that HTTP requests
to the server do not go through. Observe that the server is binding on port 443 for HTTPS
connections. (Attach screenshots with explanations as responses to this activity)
Task 2 :- By now your web server should be running HTTP on port 443. Do the following configurations
and observe your client and server message exchanges on Wireshark.
1. Change the default port number of your web server for HTTPS traffic to a different custom
port number. Demonstrate that you can access your website from this custom port number.
(Attach screenshots with explanations as responses to this activity)
2. Run Wireshark first to start capturing packets, then go to your browser and access the
webpage you created. When the page loads you can stop the capture. Afterward, trace back
to when the first HTTPS message was sent from your browser to the web server. Confirm
that the server and the client were able to establish a secure connection.
a. State the supporting protocols that were used to establish a secure HTTPS
connection
b. Attach screenshots demonstrating where the client and server exchange this
security association information
In this lab, you performed various tasks related to understanding and observing the operation of HTTP and HTTPS on web applications.
Task 1:
To capture packets using Wireshark, you need to start the capture before accessing the webpage in your browser. Once the page has loaded, you can stop the capture.
Analyze the captured packets and locate the first HTTP message sent from your browser to the web server. This message will typically be an HTTP GET or POST request.
Before the HTTP message, you should see the TCP 3-Way Handshake process. This process involves a series of messages exchanged between the client and the server to establish a TCP connection.
Task 2:
Configure your web server to enable HTTPS services. This typically involves obtaining an SSL/TLS certificate and configuring the server to use HTTPS on port 443.
After configuring HTTPS, try accessing your website using the URL with the HTTPS scheme (e.g., https://yourwebsite.com). Confirm that HTTP requests to the server no longer work.
Use Wireshark to capture packets and observe the communication between the client and server. You should see that the server is now binding to port 443 for HTTPS connections.
Task 2 (continued):
Change the default port number of your web server for HTTPS traffic to a custom port number (e.g., 8443).
Access your website using the custom port number in the URL (e.g., https://yourwebsite.com:8443). Make sure that your web server is configured to listen on this custom port.
Capture packets using Wireshark and observe the communication between the client and server. Verify that you can access the website from the custom port number.
Task 2 (continued):
Start capturing packets with Wireshark.
Access the webpage using the HTTPS URL (e.g., https://yourwebsite.com).
Stop the packet capture and analyze the captured packets.
Look for the first HTTPS message sent from your browser to the web server. This message will be an SSL/TLS handshake.
The supporting protocols used to establish a secure HTTPS connection include:
SSL/TLS Handshake Protocol: This protocol allows the client and server to authenticate each other, negotiate the encryption algorithms and session keys, and establish a secure connection.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol: This protocol provides secure communication over the internet by encrypting the data exchanged between the client and server.
In the captured packets, you should be able to observe the SSL/TLS handshake messages exchanged between the client and server. These messages include ClientHello, ServerHello, Certificate Exchange, Key Exchange, and Finished messages. The screenshots should demonstrate these messages and the information exchanged during the handshake process.
In this lab, you performed various tasks related to understanding and observing the operation of HTTP and HTTPS on web applications. You captured packets using Wireshark to analyze the communication between the client and server. You observed the TCP 3-Way Handshake process and the exchange of HTTP and HTTPS messages. Additionally, you configured your web server to enable HTTPS services and changed the default port number for HTTPS traffic. Overall, these tasks helped you gain insights into the protocols and mechanisms involved in securing web communications.
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The rand function generates random numbers, and its syntax is as follows:
int x = rand() % 100;
So x will be given a random number from 0 to 99.
Create a program that has an array of 15 elements, whose values must be randomly generated through the rand function, and then show how many of these numbers are less than 30.
C++
The for loop generates 15 random numbers using rand function and fills the array. It also checks if each number is less than 30 and increments the count variable if it is. Finally, it prints the array and the total count of numbers less than 30.
Here's a C++ program that generates an array of 15 elements with random numbers using the rand function and counts how many of these numbers are less than 30:```
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
srand(time(0)); // seed the random number generator with current time
int arr[15];
int count = 0;
// generate random numbers and fill the array
for(int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
arr[i] = rand() % 100;
cout << arr[i] << " ";
if(arr[i] < 30) { // count numbers less than 30
count++;
}
}
cout << "\nTotal numbers less than 30: " << count << endl;
return 0;
}```The program uses srand function to seed the random number generator with the current time so that each time you run the program, you get different random numbers.The for loop generates 15 random numbers using rand function and fills the array. It also checks if each number is less than 30 and increments the count variable if it is. Finally, it prints the array and the total count of numbers less than 30.
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Produce a context free grammar which recognizes the language B = 0 ^ * 1 ( 0 + 1 ) ^ *
A context-free grammar (CFG) that recognizes the language B = 0 ^ * 1 (0 + 1) ^ * can be produced by following the steps given below:S → 0S1 | A A → 0A | 1A | εWhere, S is the start symbol of the grammar, ε represents an empty string and the vertical bar (|) is used to show multiple productions.
In a context-free grammar, a production rule has a non-terminal symbol on the left-hand side and one or more non-terminal and/or terminal symbols on the right-hand side. These rules are used to generate strings of the language that the grammar recognizes.Let us define the language B = 0 ^ * 1 (0 + 1) ^ *. Here, the language consists of the following types of strings:All strings that contain only 0's and are followed by a 1 (i.e., 0 ^ * 1).All strings that contain 0's and 1's and are preceded by a 1 (i.e., (0 + 1) ^ *).
In the CFG, we can define two non-terminals, S and A. S is the start symbol and is used to generate all strings of the language. The non-terminal A is used to generate all strings that start with a 0. It can generate the empty string (ε), 0's, and 1's.When S is expanded, it produces a string of the form 0 ^ n 1(0 + 1) ^ m, where n ≥ 0 and m ≥ 0. It first generates 0's and then a 1. After that, it generates 0's and/or 1's, depending on the input string.
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Which of the following is not used in the computation of Information Gain (IG)
Select one:
a.
Classification Error
b.
Log-odds
c.
Entropy
d.
None of the listed choices
e.
Gini Impurity
Classification Error is not used in the computation of Information Gain (IG).What is Information Gain? Information gain is a measure used to determine which attributes offer the most value to a model. A decision tree is a popular technique for visualizing machine learning models.
An information gain approach is used in a decision tree to find the most important attributes in a dataset. It's possible that these attributes will lead to the best split points in the decision tree. As a result, Information gain aids in the selection of the most useful feature for the split.Explanation:Information gain is calculated using Entropy and Gini Index. It is a method for determining which features in the dataset are most useful for predicting the target variable. The target variable is generally categorical in nature, and the objective is to select the feature that provides the most information about the target variable.
Information gain can be computed using the formulae given below. Entropy is used when the target variable is categorical. Gini index is used when the target variable is continuous or numerical. Here's the formulae for information gain:Information Gain (IG) = H(T) - H(T|F)Where H(T) is the entropy of the target variable, and H(T|F) is the conditional entropy of the target variable given the feature F. The feature with the highest information gain is chosen to split the dataset at each level of the decision tree.
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Declare and initialize an array of any 5 non □ negative integers. Call it data. 2. Write a method printOdd that print all Odd value in the array. 3. Then call the method in main
Here's an example of how you can declare and initialize an array of 5 non-negative integers, create a method to print the odd values, and call that method in the main function:
```java
public class ArrayOddPrinter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] data = {2, 5, 8, 11, 4};
printOdd(data);
}
// Write a method to print all odd values in the array
public static void printOdd(int[] arr) {
System.out.println("Odd values in the array:");
for (int num : arr) {
if (num % 2 != 0) {
System.out.println(num);
}
}
}
}
```
In the provided code, an array named `data` is declared and initialized with 5 non-negative integers: 2, 5, 8, 11, and 4.
A method named `printOdd` is defined, which takes an array as a parameter. It iterates over each element in the array and checks if the number is odd by using the modulus operator (`%`) to check if the remainder of the division by 2 is not zero. If the number is odd, it is printed to the console.
In the `main` method, we call the `printOdd` method and pass the `data` array to it. This will result in printing the odd values in the array.
By executing the program, it will output the following:
```
Odd values in the array:
5
11
```
You can modify the array `data` with your own set of non-negative integers to see the corresponding odd values being printed.
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What is the result after the following statement executes? char varl = tolower('A'); a) None of these b) the character A is output to the monitor c) the character a is output to the monitor d) varl stores the character value 'A' e) varl stores the ASCII value for lowercase 'a'
The statement `char varl = tolower('A');` is used to convert an uppercase character to lowercase, and it stores the result in `varl`.
Option (e) `varl stores the ASCII value for lowercase 'a'` is the correct answer. What is tolower()?`tolower()` is a function in the C programming language's standard library. It takes an uppercase letter and returns its lowercase equivalent.
For example, `tolower('A')` returns `a`.What happens when tolower('A') is assigned to a variable named varl?If the `tolower()` function's result is stored in `varl`, the `A` character is converted to `a`. Because `a` is a lowercase letter, it has a unique ASCII value. As a result, the result stored in `varl` is an ASCII value, not the character itself. Therefore, the correct answer is e) `varl stores the ASCII value for lowercase 'a'`.
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In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform. a. fetch b. decode c. execute d. immediately after the instruction is executed
In the decode part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.So option b is correct.
The fetch-decode-execute cycle, also known as the instruction cycle, is a method that the computer's central processing unit (CPU) employs to execute instructions.The following are the three basic phases of the fetch-decode-execute cycle:The `Fetch` phase: In this phase, the CPU retrieves the next instruction to be executed from the memory location it was saved in.The `Decode` phase: In this phase, the CPU reads and understands the instruction retrieved from memory, determining which operation it should execute.The `Execute` phase: In this phase, the CPU carries out the instruction by writing data to registers or memory and performing calculations.
Therefore option b is correct.
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Asset 1 is a single cluster storage area network (SAN) that is behind an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). According to industry, there is a .01 chance of an attack every 5 years. The information assurance team estimates that such an attack has a 10% chance of success given their research in the private sector. Using a scale of 0 – 100, the IA team believes the SAN has a value of 25. Due to real- time writes on the disks, 20% of the asset could be lost during an attack. The IA group is 95% certain of their estimations of risk. What is the total risk of this asset?
Question 4 Asset 2 is a distributed SAN behind an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The private sector states that there is a 10% chance of an attack on SANs this year. The CISO's cyber team estimates that this attack has a 20% chance of success based upon industry research they have done. The cyber team calculates that the SAN value is 35 in a 100 point scale. ACID compliance failures would result in 10% potential losses during a successful attack. The cyber team believes overall that the latter data is about 85% accurate. What is the total risk of this asset?
The total risk of Asset 1 and Asset 2 are to be determined based on the given information about the chances of an attack and the potential losses during an attack. the total risk of this asset is 0.071%.
Let's solve this problem: Risk of Asset 1Given,Chance of attack = 0.01 in 5 years Chance of success of the attack = 10%Chance of potential loss = 20% = 0.20Value of SAN = 25%Therefore, the annual chance of attack on this asset = 0.01/5 = 0.002Then, the annual chance of success of attack = 0.002 x 10% = 0.0002The risk of potential loss during the attack = 0.0002 x 20% = 0.00004The annual risk of loss from attack = 0.00004 x 25% = 0.00001Risk of Asset 2Given,Chance of attack = 10%Chance of success of the attack = 20%Chance of potential loss = 10% = 0.10Value of SAN = 35%\
The annual risk of attack on this asset = 10%Then, the annual chance of success of attack = 10% x 20% = 0.02The risk of potential loss during the attack = 0.02 x 10% = 0.002The annual risk of loss from attack = 0.002 x 35% = 0.0007Therefore, the total risk of Asset 1 and Asset 2 is:Total Risk = Risk of Asset 1 + Risk of Asset 2= 0.00001 + 0.0007= 0.00071 or 0.071%Thus, the total risk of this asset is 0.071%.
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Give a description of all trees that have a Prüfer code consisting of exactly two values (for example, a code like (1,4,4,4,1,1,1,4)). Justify your answer.
A Prüfer code is a compact representation of a labeled tree. It consists of a sequence of values, where each value corresponds to a leaf node in the tree. The number of values in the Prüfer code is equal to the number of nodes in the tree minus 2 in this case it is 10.
To construct a tree from a Prüfer code, we start with a set of labeled nodes and iterate through the code. At each step, we take the smallest available label that is not present in the code and connect it to the node represented by the current code value.
In this case, the Prüfer code has 8 values, so the corresponding tree would have 10 nodes (8 + 2).
If the number of nodes is greater than 10, it means that there are nodes with labels not present in the Prüfer code. Therefore, it is not possible to form a valid tree from this Prüfer code. There is a mismatch between the number of nodes and the length of the code.
In this case, we have all the labels from 1 to 10 available. We can form a tree where each value in the Prüfer code represents a connection between two nodes. The specific arrangement of the edges will depend on the order in which the code values are used. Therefore, there are multiple distinct trees that can be formed with this Prüfer code.
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Assume all variables are in double data type and initialized as the following values: x=2.3,y=4.1,z=3.6 Write a runnable Java program to compute the following algebraic expression and display the result total in double type with 4 decimal point precision: total = 2+z 3
3x+y 5
+2.7 REQUIREMENTS - All variables must be in double type. - The calculation must be done in a separate method: calcTotal (double, double, double): double - All to-the-power-of calculations must use the Math.pow function. - Method printe () must be used. - Output must be with only 4 decimal point precision. Example of the program output: Total =26.6531
To compute the given algebraic expression and display the result with 4 decimal point precision, you can use the following Java program:
public class AlgebraicExpression {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double x = 2.3;
double y = 4.1;
double z = 3.6;
double total = calcTotal(x, y, z);
System.out.printf("Total = %.4f\n", total);
}
public static double calcTotal(double x, double y, double z) {
double term1 = 2 + Math.pow(z, 3);
double term2 = 3 * x + Math.pow(y, 5);
double term3 = 2.7;
return term1 + term2 + term3;
How can the given algebraic expression be computed using a separate method in Java?To compute the algebraic expression, we can define a separate method named `calcTotal` that takes three double type parameters: `x`, `y`, and `z`. Inside this method, we can calculate each term of the expression using the given formulas.
The first term is computed by adding 2 to the cube of `z` using `Math.pow(z, 3)`. The second term is computed by multiplying 3 with `x` and adding the fifth power of `y` using `Math.pow(y, 5)`. The third term is a constant value of 2.7.
After computing the three terms, we return the sum of these terms from the `calcTotal` method. In the main method, we initialize the variables `x`, `y`, and `z` with the given values. Then, we call the `calcTotal` method to calculate the total and display it using `System.out.printf` with 4 decimal point precision.
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Suppose you use your Web browser to access a web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of RTT1, . . . , RTTn. Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link references ten additional small objects on the same server. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the web page. Assuming zero transmission time for all the objects. How much time elapses from when you click on the link until your browser receives all the objects with the following three situations? (1) Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections? (2) Non-persistent HTTP with the browser configured for 4 parallel connections? (3) Persistent HTTP?
The time elapsed from when you click on the link until your browser receives all the objects depends on the situation: (1) Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections, (2) Non-persistent HTTP with the browser configured for 4 parallel connections, and (3) Persistent HTTP.
In the first situation, with non-persistent HTTP and no parallel TCP connections, each object requires a separate TCP connection to be established. Therefore, the total time includes the RTT between your host and the server (RTT0), plus the RTT for each DNS lookup (RTT1 to RTTn), and the RTT for each small object. Since there are ten small objects, the total time elapsed would be:
Total time = RTT0 + RTT1 + RTT2 + ... + RTTn + (10 * RTT0)
In the second situation, with non-persistent HTTP and the browser configured for 4 parallel connections, the browser can establish up to four parallel TCP connections to retrieve the objects. This means that the initial RTT between your host and the server (RTT0) is incurred only once, and then the objects can be fetched simultaneously over the established connections. However, since there are ten objects, and only four connections are available, the browser will need to make multiple rounds of fetching. The total time can be calculated as:
Total time = RTT0 + RTT1 + RTT2 + ... + RTTn + ceil(10/4) * RTT0
In the third situation, with persistent HTTP, the browser establishes a single TCP connection to retrieve all the objects. The connection remains open after the initial request, allowing the browser to fetch all the objects without incurring additional RTT for establishing connections. Therefore, the total time is:
Total time = RTT0 + RTT1 + RTT2 + ... + RTTn + RTT0
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This is my second time posing the query.
I'd appreciate a response to my question, not a copy-and-paste of one from another.
Start this project by defining all the entities and their attributes. Then create a conceptual design for the database using an ER diagram (all tables should be in 3NF). Finally create the database in Sqlite and load sample data into it.
You will create a database for the National Basketball Association (NBA) this database adheres to the following business rules. You will use the business rules to determine the attributes and entities for the database.
The NBA is made up of 2 conferences the Eastern Conference and the Western Conference
Each conference is made up of several divisions
Each division belongs to only one conference.
Each division is made up of several teams.
Each team belongs to only one division.
Each team is made up of several players
Each player only plays for one team at a time
Each team has a head coach.
Each coach works for only one team.
A team has a name (Washington Wizards, Golden State Warriors)
A team has a mascot (Pacers, Pistons, Celtics, Lakers)
A team has a city/state associated.
A team has an arena where games are played.
A player has a first and last name and a number.
A game is played by 2 teams on a specific date/time.
A game is played at the arena of the home team.
A game has a final score.
Based on the business rules. We need to create the entities and their attributes.
I appreciate your hard work.
The entities and their attributes for the NBA database are as follows:
Conference (conference_id, name)Division (division_id, name, conference_id)Team (team_id, name, mascot, city_state, arena, division_id)Player (player_id, first_name, last_name, number, team_id)Coach (coach_id, name, team_id)Game (game_id, date_time, home_team_id, away_team_id, arena, final_score)The NBA database consists of several entities with their respective attributes. The main entities include Conference, Division, Team, Player, Coach, and Game.
The Conference entity has attributes like conference_id and name to uniquely identify and categorize the conferences. The Division entity has attributes such as division_id, name, and conference_id to associate each division with a specific conference.
The Team entity represents individual teams and has attributes like team_id, name, mascot, city/state, arena, and division_id. These attributes help in identifying and describing each team's unique characteristics, including their name, mascot, location, and playing arena. The division_id attribute establishes a relationship between teams and divisions.
The Player entity contains attributes like player_id, first_name, last_name, number, and team_id. These attributes uniquely identify each player and store information such as their name, assigned number, and the team they belong to. The team_id attribute establishes a relationship between players and teams.
The Coach entity has attributes like coach_id, name, and team_id. It uniquely identifies each coach and associates them with a particular team using the team_id attribute.
The Game entity represents individual games and has attributes like game_id, date_time, home_team_id, away_team_id, arena, and final_score. These attributes store information about the game, including the date and time of the game, the teams involved (home and away), the arena where the game is played, and the final score.
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Not all visitors to a certain company's website are customers. In fact, the website administrator estimates that about 12% of all visitors to the website are looking for other websites. Assuming that this estimate is correct, find the probability that, in a random sample of 5 visitors to the website, exactly 3 actually are looking for the website.
Round your response to at least three decimal places. (If necessary, consult a list of formulas.)
The probability that exactly 3 out of 5 visitors are looking for the website is approximately 0.014 (rounded to three decimal places).
The probability of exactly 3 out of 5 randomly selected visitors to the website actually looking for the website, given that 12% of all visitors are looking for other websites, can be calculated using the binomial probability formula.
The situation can be modeled as a binomial distribution, where the probability of success (p) is the proportion of visitors looking for the website (0.88) and the number of trials (n) is 5.
The probability mass function for the binomial distribution is given by the formula:
P(X=k) = C(n,k) * p^k * (1-p)^(n-k)
where C(n,k) is the binomial coefficient, representing the number of ways to choose k successes out of n trials.
To find the probability of exactly 3 visitors out of 5 looking for the website, we substitute the values into the formula:
P(X=3) = C(5,3) * (0.12)^3 * (0.88)^(5-3)
Calculating this expression will give the desired probability. Rounding the result to at least three decimal places will provide the final answer.
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Please don't use cstring and make it only used by C++.
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
char findHalfDuplicate(string s){
//find length of string
int l = s.size();
//if length <2 or length is odd, show error
if(l<=2 || (l%2)==1){
cout << "Invalid String!";
return '\0';
}
char c = '\0';
int i=0;
//declare an array of 36 size
int freq[36];
//initialise array
for(i=0;i<36;i++){
freq[i]=0;
}
//iterate over the string
for(i=0;i
char x = s.at(i);
int index=0;
//first 10 indices are for integer and last 26 for alphabets
//so, we calculate index at which we will store frequency
if(x<='9' && x>='0')
index = x - '0';
else
index = x - 'a' + 10;
freq[index]++;
}
//find character with frequency l/2
for(i=0;i<36;i++){
if(freq[i]==(l/2)){
if(i<10){
c = '0' + i;
}
else{
c = 'a' + i -10;
}
break;
}
}
return c;
}
int main() {
string s;
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin >> s;
char c = findHalfDuplicate(s);
cout << "\n" << c << "\n";
return 0;
}
The requirement of the task is to not use cstring and make it only used by C++. cstring is a header file in C++ that declares a set of functions to perform operations on strings. The header file cstring is used to work with strings, and it's the C++ implementation of the standard C library header string.h.
To avoid the use of cstring library in C++, we can use the string class. It is available in C++ STL and has all the required operations to handle strings. To replace the cstring, we can use string class as given below:
#include #include #include using namespace std;
char findHalfDuplicate(string s){ //find length of string int l = s.size();
//if length <2 or length is odd, show error if(l<=2 || (l%2)==1
){ cout << "Invalid String!"; return '\0'; } char c = '\0'; int i=0;
//declare an array of 36 size int freq[36];
//initialise array for(i=0;i<36;i++){ freq[i]=0; }
//iterate over the string for(i=0;i< s.size();i++){ char x = s.at(i); int index=0;
//first 10 indices are for integer and last 26 for alphabets
//so, we calculate index at which we will store frequency
if(x<='9' && x>='0') index = x - '0'; else index = x - 'a' + 10; freq[index]++; } //find character with frequency l/2 for(i=0;i<36;i++){ if(freq[i]==(l/2)){ if(i<10){ c = '0' + i; } else{ c = 'a' + i -10; } break; } } return c; }
int main() { string s; cout << "Enter a string: "; cin >> s; char c = findHalfDuplicate(s); cout << "\n" << c << "\n"; return 0; }
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go to the sp layout.css file and then to the window and body styles section. create a style rule for the html element that sets the height of the browser window at 100%. create a style rule for the page body that sets the width to 95% of the browser window ranging from 640 pixels up to 960 pixels. horizontally center the page body within the browser window. finally, karen wants to ensure that the height of the page body is always at least as high as the browser window itself. set the minimum height of the browser window to 100%.
To set the height of the browser window to 100%, one can use the following CSS rule for the html element.
What is the sp layout.css file?css
html, body {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
body {
width: 95%;
min-width: 640px;
max-width: 960px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
Note that SS rules are based on the assumption that the HTML structure of a webpage is already set up correctly, including the necessary HTML and body tags surrounding the main content of the page.
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when you write a scheme program, you can not group of answer choices store a value in a variable and modify the variable later. pass the return value of a procedure into another procedure as its parameter. pass a name of a procedure into another procedure as its parameter. print the return value of a procedure.
When writing a Scheme program, you can store and modify variables, pass values between procedures, pass procedure names as parameters, and print return values. Scheme offers flexibility and power in variable handling and value passing.
When writing a Scheme program, you have several options for working with variables and passing values between procedures. Here are some possibilities:
1. Storing a value in a variable and modifying it later:
In Scheme, you can use the `define` syntax to bind a value to a variable. Once a value is bound to a variable, you can modify it using the `set!` operator. For example:
```
(define x 10) ; Storing a value in variable x
(set! x 20) ; Modifying the value of x
```
In this example, the initial value of `x` is 10, but it is modified to 20 using `set!`.
2. Passing the return value of a procedure into another procedure as its parameter:
Scheme allows you to pass the return value of one procedure as an argument to another procedure. For example:
```
(define (add x y)
(+ x y))
(define (multiply-by-two x)
(* x 2))
(define result (multiply-by-two (add 3 4)))
```
In this example, the `add` procedure takes two parameters `x` and `y`, and returns their sum. The `multiply-by-two` procedure takes a single parameter `x` and returns its double. The `multiply-by-two` procedure is called with the return value of the `add` procedure as its argument, resulting in the value 14 being stored in the variable `result`.
3. Passing the name of a procedure into another procedure as its parameter:
Scheme supports higher-order procedures, which means you can pass procedures as arguments to other procedures. For example:
```
(define (apply-twice f x)
(f (f x)))
(define (add-one x)
(+ x 1))
(apply-twice add-one 5)
```
In this example, the `apply-twice` procedure takes two parameters: `f`, which is a procedure, and `x`, which is a value. The `apply-twice` procedure applies the procedure `f` twice to the value `x`. The `add-one` procedure simply adds one to its parameter. Calling `(apply-twice add-one 5)` will result in 7, as `add-one` is applied twice to 5.
4. Printing the return value of a procedure:
In Scheme, you can use the `display` procedure to print the return value of another procedure. For example:
```
(define (square x)
(* x x))
(display (square 3))
```
In this example, the `square` procedure takes a single parameter `x` and returns its square. The `display` procedure is used to print the return value of `square`, which is 9.
These are just a few examples of how you can work with variables and pass values between procedures in Scheme. Scheme provides a flexible and powerful programming environment that allows for many different approaches to these tasks.
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Write a program that removes k number of smallest element in an input array. Example input/output: Enter the number of elements in set A:7 Enter the numbers in set A:3527814 Enter the number of smallest elements to be removed: 4 Output: 578 The program should include the following functions: int remove_smallest_numbers (int a[], int n, int k ) The function removes k number of smallest element in an input array a[] of length n and return the new actual length of the array after the removal, which is n−k. The function removes the smallest element by shifting elements to the right of the smallest element and repeats it for k times. For example, if the input array a contains [3,6,8,2,9,4] of length 6 , suppose k is 3 . The function will remove the smallest element, 2 , at index 3 , by shifting 9 and 4 to the left. The result is [3,6,8,9,4,4], with an actual length of 5 . The function will then remove the smallest element, 3 , at index 0 , by shifting 6,8,9, and 4 to the left. The result is [6,8,9,4,4,4], with an actual length of 4 . The function will then remove the smallest element, 4 , at index 3 , by shifting no element to the left. The result is [6,8,9,4,4,4], with an actual length of 3 . The program should also include the following function, which is a helper function to the remove_smallest_numbers function. int find_smallest_index (int a [], int n ) The function finds and returns the index of smallest element in an input array a[] of length n. 5) Name your program project3 remove_smallest. c. 6) The program will read in the number of elements of the array, for example, 4 , then read in the numbers in the array, for example, 3689. 7) In the main function, declare the input array after reading in the number of elements of the array, then read in the elements. 8) Your program should only use one array in the main function and the remove_smallest_numbers function. 9) In the main function, call remove_smallest numbers function to remove k number of smallest element. 10) The main function should display the resulting array with length n−k.
The given C program reads the value of n (the number of elements in the input array), the elements of the array, and the value of k (the number of smallest elements to be removed) from the user.
The main() function then calls the remove_smallest_numbers() function and passes the input array a[], its length n, and the value of k as arguments.The remove_smallest_numbers() function first calls the find_smallest_index() function to find the index of the smallest element in the input array a[]. It then removes the smallest element from the input array by shifting all elements.
To the right: the right of it to the left by one position and repeats the same for k times. Finally, it returns the new length of the array after the removal.The main() function then displays the output array after removing k number of smallest elements from the input array. The find_smallest_index() function returns the index of the smallest element in the input array.
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