After incubation, 86 colonies were counted on the 10-7 dilution plate. Only 0.1 ml was spread on the plate. The count in the original undiluted culture was 86,000,000
How do you calculate the original undiluted culture?An undiluted culture refers to a microbial culture that has not been diluted with a solvent or diluent. An original undiluted culture refers to the original microbial culture, prior to any dilution.
In other words, it is the bacterial or fungal culture taken directly from the source without any additional liquid being added. The original undiluted culture is used as a starting point to create dilutions for plating and counting colonies
To determine the count in the original undiluted culture, you would need to multiply the number of colonies on the 10-7 dilution plate (86) by the dilution factor. In this case, the dilution factor is 10^7, so the original count in the undiluted culture would be:
86 x 10^7 = 86,000,000
So, the original culture has 86,000,000 colonies
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Daughter cells will never re-enter the cell cycle once they are created.
All Hereditary material encoded in Human DNA and is passed from one cell generation to the next via mitosis. The daughter cells are virtually identical to the parent cells and will continue to differentiate / self-renew indefinitely, helping to maintain appropriate stem cell levels in the human body
Cell-to-Cell Communication
cells to cell communicate and research what clinical
considerations can result with this topic.
For class discussion please help me out
Answer:
Cells communicate with one another through a variety of mechanisms, including chemical signaling and direct cell-to-cell contact. These communication processes are essential for many physiological functions, such as tissue repair and immune response.
One important aspect of cell communication is the signaling pathways that are activated by different signaling molecules. These pathways control various cellular functions, such as cell growth, differentiation, and death. Dysregulation of these pathways can lead to various diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and developmental disorders.
Clinical considerations related to cell communication include:
Explanation:
Clinical considerations related to cell communication include:
Cancer: Cancer cells often have mutations in signaling pathways that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Targeting these signaling pathways with drugs can be an effective way to treat cancer.
Autoimmune disorders: In autoimmune disorders, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. This can be due to a malfunction in the signaling pathways that control the immune response.
Developmental disorders: Many developmental disorders, such as Down syndrome, are caused by changes in the signaling pathways that control cell differentiation and growth.
Tissue repair: Inadequate cell communication during tissue repair can lead to chronic inflammation and non-healing wounds.
Inflammation: Inflammation is a normal response to injury, infection, and other stimuli. However, chronic inflammation can contribute to various chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.
It's important to note that more research is needed in this field to fully understand the clinical implications of cell communication and to develop effective treatments for related diseases.
SOMEBODY PLS HELP !!
Which statement describes what is happening at the plate
boundary in this section of a tectonic map?
A) The seafloor is spreading.
B) Two continental plates are colliding.
C)An oceanic plate is subducting.
D) Two plates are sliding past each other.
The sea floor is spreading is the correct option. Deep ocean trenches, volcanoes, island arcs, undersea mountain ranges, and fault lines are examples of plate tectonic characteristics.
Describe the earth's crust:The Earth's outer crust (the lithosphere) is made up of tectonic plates that move on top of a heated, moving mantle layer known as the asthenosphere. Convection currents created by heat in the asthenosphere lead tectonic plates to shift several millimeters each year relative to one other. A "plate border" is formed when two tectonic plates collide. There are three main types of plate borders, each of which is related with the production of different geologic characteristics.
When is a convergent boundary formed?A convergent plate boundary is formed when two tectonic plates clash. Subduction is the process by which one of the converging plates moves beneath the other.
Deep trenches are frequent structures generated where tectonic plates are subducted, and earthquakes are also prevalent near subduction zones. Fluids are released from the rock when the sinking plate goes further into the mantle, causing the overlying mantle to partially melt. The new magma (molten rock) rises and may erupt violently to generate volcanoes, which frequently form arcs of islands along the convergent boundary.
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In Freudian theory, which one of the following is an example of Thanatos instinct, which includes aggression, trauma, and risky behaviors?
In Freudian theory, the following which is an example of Thanatos instinct, which includes aggression, trauma, and risky behaviors is known as substance abuse and is therefore denoted as option D.
What is Freudian theory?This states that unconscious psychological forces, such as hidden desires and motives, shape an individual's behavior, like their purchasing patterns and other forms.
The personality qualities derived interact to create anxiety, which needs to be controlled via a range of defense mechanisms. These strategies mask the true, anxiety related causes of one's conduct.
Thanatos instinct, which includes aggression, trauma, and risky behaviors can be gotten from substance use as it is able to alter the reasoning and behavior of most individuals thereby making it the correct choice.
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The full question is:
In Freudian theory, which one of the following is an example of a Thanatos instinct, which includes aggression, trauma, and risky behaviors?
A. going to school.
B. seeking nourishment.
C. joining a basketball club.
D. substance abuse.
An organism on which a parasite or virus lives is called a
.
An organism on which a parasite or virus lives is called a host, and in the host-parasite relationship, the host is negatively affected and the parasite gets the food for growth.
What is the host-parasite relationship?Many ecosystems have host-parasite relationships where two organisms are involved, such as the host, which is negatively affected by the relationship .The parasite is totally dependent on the host, and it can be either an endoparasite or an ectoparasite like lice.
Hence, an organism on which a parasite or virus lives is called a host, and in the host-parasite relationship, the host is negatively affected and the parasite gets the food for growth.
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Write a scientific explanation that describes the effects of the 1997 El Niño on the Galapagos Islands (labeled G.I. on the first map).
Complete C.E.R.
These changes had a major impact on the Galapagos Islands. The increased temperatures led to more frequent and intense droughts, causing a decrease in vegetation and an increase in the spread of invasive species.
What is temperatures ?
Temperatures refer to a measure of the amount of heat energy in a given environment. It is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). Temperature can affect many factors in an environment,
such as the rate at which reactions occur, the rate of evaporation, and the ability of organisms to survive. Changes in temperature can affect weather patterns, ocean currents, and the growth of plants and animals.
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•Which part of a leaf would have the most
amount of chlorophyll?
A. Roots
B. Palisade mesophyll
C. Cuticle
D. Epidermis
•At the end of the electron transport chain, where do electrons end up on?
A. NADPH
B. Oxygen
C. carbon dioxide
D. Water
• What are the products of photosynthesis?
A. Glucose & oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide & oxygen
C. Glucose & carbon dioxide
D. Oxygen & water
• Where does the energy come from for Photosystem II?
A. Light
B. Water
C. Chemicals
D. Electrons
Where do the electrons come from for Photosystem II?
A. Light
B. Water
C. NADPH
D. Carbon dioxide
Palisade mesophyll have the most amount of chlorophyll.
At the end of the electron transport chain, electrons end up on Water.
Glucose & oxygen are the products of photosynthesis.
The energy comes from light for Photosystem II.
The electrons come from water for Photosystem II.
What is chlorophyll?
Many plants and algae have a green tint because of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is contained within organisms in structures known as chloroplasts, which are pictured here arranged inside plant cells under a microscope.
Any individual belonging to the most significant group of pigments involved in photosynthesis—the process by which light energy is transformed into chemical energy through the production of organic compounds—is referred to as a chlorophyll. Almost every photosynthetic creature, including algae, cyanobacteria, and green plants, contains chlorophyll. It takes in light energy, which it uses to change carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
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Neonicotinoid pesticides are able to irreversibly connect to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and
I trigger (stimulate) non-stop action potentials
■ Neonicotinoid pesticides cannot be broken down by acetylcholinesterase, resulting in
permanent overstimulation of other neurons.
■ Overstimulation results in fatal convulsions and paralysis in the insects
Using the diagrams and text above, explain in your own words how exposure to
neonicotinoid pesticides "results in fatal convulsions and paralysis in the insects."
(Your writing here)
Exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides "results in fatal convulsions and paralysis in the insects." because it involves the irreversible alteration of the acetylcholine pathway which is required for the normal functioning of the brain that controls movement and motor functions.
What is the effect of pesticides on the insect nerve system?The effect of pesticides on the insect nervous system is variable depending on the type of chemical toxicant and the insect's physiological features but in general, they act by inhibiting signaling pathways.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that pesticides may alter the insect nerve system in an irreversible way.
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Explain in detail how the endocrine system is reacting during these given situations to bring the body back to homeostasis or may be causing adverse physiological effects. Identify the important anatomical structures/organs involved in this situation, hormones secreted, and physiological reactions/adjustments taking place due to the Endocrine System functions.
Case Study:
Anthony lives in Western Washington and is currently staying at home due to Covid-19 and his job will not allow him to work on site, therefore he has an at home office. Over the last couple weeks Antonio has experienced increased stress, fatigue, cravings for foods heavy in carbohydrates and fat, and a feeling of despair. Normally Anthony loves to exercise, socialize, and have fun, but lately he is much more likely to just lay down and sleep. His body feels heavy and lethargic and he has little motivation to go outside. Anthony doesn't realize it, but due to his current situation his immune system is being inhibited due to physiological responses in the body. Anthony has lived in Western WA for the past 14 months and prior to that he lived in California.
Hypothalamus and pineal body is involved in hormones secreted, and physiological reactions taking place due to the endocrine System functions.
What are the functions of hormones?Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and other tissues.
Hormones are are the body's chemical messengers, sending signals into the bloodstream and tissues. Hormones work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including growth and development, metabolism.
Endocrine glands, which are special groups of cells, make hormones. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas.
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Paramedics arrive on the scene of a car accident. They assess the scene and call the emergency room with the victim’s condition. The ER doctor recommends starting an IV, not to treat the patient at this time, but to establish an intravenous line should drugs need to be quickly administered later on the way to the hospital. Should the IV fluids be hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic to blood plasma? Explain.
Answer:
Isotonic fluids.
Explanation:
The IV fluids should be isotonic to blood plasma. Isotonic fluids have the same osmotic pressure as blood plasma, which means they will neither cause the cells to swell nor dehydrate. This is important because it allows the IV fluids to be administered quickly without causing any harm to the patient. Hypertonic fluids, which have a higher osmotic pressure, would cause the cells to dehydrate, while hypotonic fluids, which have a lower osmotic pressure, would cause the cells to swell. Therefore, isotonic fluids are the best choice for this situation.
Which research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?
A naturalistic observation
O A case study
OA survey
An experiment
describe the effects on surface area of potato of cutting the potato sticks into eight pieces
The effects of cutting the potato sticks into eight pieces would increase the surface area of the potato, and having more surface area means more area for enzymes to interact with the potato so it can be cooked easily.
What is the significance of the increased surface area of the potato?When the potato is cut into eight pieces, the surface area increases, and as the surface area increases, the cooking time decreases because the enzymes are exposed and can be deactivated when exposed to heat. So vegetables are cut before cooking.
Hence, effects of cutting the potato sticks into eight pieces would increase the surface area of the potato, and having more surface area means more area for enzymes to interact with the potato so it can be cooked easily.
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which food chain is most efficient in terms of energy transfer?
a. leaves, caterpillar ,spider, bat owls
b.plankton, shrimp, cod
c. grass, cows
d. acorn, squirrel, snake, hawk
Plankton, shrimp, cod. Plankton are primary producers, shrimp consume plankton, and cod consume shrimp. This direct energy transfer makes the food chain efficient.
Option (b) is correct.
The food chain consisting of plankton, shrimp, and cod is the most efficient in terms of energy transfer. Plankton are autotrophs (primary producers) that convert solar energy into organic matter through photosynthesis. Shrimp feed on plankton, absorbing and transferring the energy stored in the plankton to their own bodies. Finally, cod consume shrimp, efficiently transferring the energy from the lower trophic levels to their own bodies.
This food chain has fewer trophic levels compared to the other options, minimizing energy loss. Each organism directly consumes the one below it, allowing for a more efficient transfer of energy.
In contrast, the other food chains mentioned (leaves, caterpillar, spider, bat, owls; grass, cows; and acorn, squirrel, snake, hawk) involve more trophic levels, which typically results in a greater loss of energy due to metabolic processes and heat loss.
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Name that thing
Are membrane proteins that can recognize other cells.
After ecologists make their best estimations of how multiple factors affect one another by observation, how do they analyze data?
Answer:
Ecologists analyze data by using statistical methods and mathematical models to identify relationships among multiple factors. They also use computer simulations to test the accuracy of their observations and estimations. Additionally, they may use software to analyze large datasets and create visualizations to better understand the data.
Explanation:
During a plasticity test, if the soil snake breaks, what does this tell you about the soil?
A. The soil is cohesive.
B. The soil should be rolled tighter.
C. The soil was a poor sample.
D. The soil is not cohesive.
When water freezes in cracks in rocks, it expands causing the rock to break. This is example of ….
A.weathering
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
Answer:
A. Weathering
Explanation:
Water expands when it freezes, which can cause the rocks to break apart. This is known as ice wedging and is a form of mechanical weathering. The expanding ice forces apart the pieces of the rock, causing them to crack and break. This process is especially effective in rocks with many cracks and crevices, such as limestone or sandstone.
10. Where would you see the nodes of Ranvier?
A. on an axon.
B. in the cell body.
C. on a dendrite.
D. a and c.
Answer:
Nodes of Ranvier are microscopic gaps found within myelinated axons.
Explanation:
Nodes of Ranvier are microscopic gaps found within myelinated axons. Their function is to speed up propagation of action potentials along the axon via saltatory conduction. The Nodes of Ranvier are the gaps between the myelin insulation of Schwann cells which insulate the axon of neuron.
During development of Golgi complex new membranes are added to the .............. face from the .................
During development of Golgi complex, new membranes are added to the forming face from the endoplasmic reticulum.
What are the parts of a cell?In Science, the parts of a cell are generally referred to as cell organelles and these include the following:
Cell membrane.Chromosome.Nucleus.ChloroplastCytoplasm.MitochondrionEndoplasmic reticulum (ER).Vesicles.Golgi apparatus (bodies).What is Golgi Apparatus?In Science, Golgi Apparatus can be defined as a type of cell organelle that is saddled with responsibility of preparing protein for export, especially by chemically tagging them.
Additionally, exocytosis simply refers to a biological process that is initiated by the Golgi apparatus which helps to expel a large molecule such as the expulsion of protein from cholera cells.
In conclusion, new membranes are added to the forming face from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the development of Golgi complex.
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Which of the following distinguishes primary roots?
O Primary roots are thin and spread outward.
O Primary roots are thin and spread downward.
O Primary roots are thick and spread outward.
O Primary roots are thick and spread downward.
Primary roots are thin and spread downward.
What are Primary roots?
Primary roots are the first roots to develop from a seedling. They are generally thicker and longer than the secondary roots that develop later. Primary roots are responsible for anchor the plant into the soil and absorbing water and minerals from the soil to support the growth of the plant.
Primary roots are the initial roots that grow out of germinating seeds. These roots are thin and spread downward in order to anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and minerals. They also help the plant to access deeper layers of soil where more nutrients may be found. Primary roots are usually short-lived and are eventually replaced by secondary roots.
Hence, option B is correct.
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Answer:
Primary roots are thin and spread downward.
Explanation:
Which of the following best explains why bacteria are able to adapt to
changing environmental conditions?
A Bacteria have DNA that rarely mutates in the population.
B Bacteria reproduce rapidly, allowing mutations to increase in the
population.
C Bacteria reproduce asexually, causing little genetic variation in the
population.
D Bacteria exchange genetic material, which increases the number of
chromosomes in the population.
Answer: B
Explanation:
1 Answer:
Unlike poles of different magnets, will
a. attract each other.
b. repel each other.
c. cancel out each other.
d. first attract and then repel each other.
2 Answer:
A material that does not magnetize easily is
a. iron.
b. cobalt.
c. glass.
d. nickel.
3 Answer:
In a magnetized object, most of the domains point
a. in the same direction.
b. in an east-west direction.
c. in different directions.
d. perpendicular to one another.
4 Answer:
Materials that are more difficult to magnetize but tend to stay
magnetized are called
a. natural magnets.
b. temporary magnets.
c. permanent magnets.
d. variable magnets.
5 Answer:
A magnetic field is described by magnetic lines of
a. energy.
b. strength.
c. force.
d. intensity.
6 Answer:
Which of the following is "not" likely to cause a magnet to lose
its magnetism?
a. Striking it with a hammer.
b. Cooling it.
c. Dropping it repeatedly on the ground.
d. Heating it.
7 Answer:
The magnetic variation of a compass is the smallest at the
a. geographic north pole.
b. geographic south pole.
c. equator.
d. International Date Line.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. a. attract each other
2. c. glass
3. a. in the same direction
4. c. permanent magnets
5. c. force
6. a. striking it with a hammer
7. c. equator
what type of antigens are found on RBC of a person with type AB blood?
- O
- A
- B
- AB
AB blood group has both A & B antigens but no antibodies...
What type of antigens are found on RBC of a person with type AB blood?
A & BThe people with blood group AB have both antigens A and B but no antibodies thats why they are universal accepters...
How much crude roughage is found in
concentrates?
A. Less than 18%
B. 26% -32%
C. 21%-25%
D. 19% - 20%
26% -32% crude roughage is found in concentrates.
What are the functions of roughage?Roughage is the portion of plant foods, such as whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, that your body can't digest. However, it's an important food source for the beneficial bacteria in your gut.
Roughages include pasture forages, hays, silages, and byproduct feeds that contain a high percentage of fiber. Concentrates are the energy-rich grains and molasses, the protein.
Dietary fiber, also known as roughage or bulk, includes the parts of plant foods your body can't digest or absorb. Unlike other food components, such as fats, proteins or carbohydrates which your body breaks down and absorbs fiber isn't digested by your body.
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URGENT!!
Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish
species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California became
several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a
different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of
this speciation?
Select one:
O geographic isolation
O episodic isolation
O behavioral isolation
O temporal isolation
Answer:
geographic isolation
Explanation:
According to fossil evidence, a number of fish from a long-gone lake in Death Valley, California split off to become numerous distinct species. These new species all resided in various ponds. Geographic isolation is probably to blame for this diversification. When a community is physically divided from another by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or a body of water, geographic isolation has occurred. The two populations cannot exchange genetic material because of this isolation, which results in genetic diversity and eventually the emergence of new species. In this instance, the several ponds in Death Valley have acted as physical barriers to isolate the fish population, which has resulted in the emergence of new species.
The study of structure or morphology of body parts is ______ , and the study of function is _______
The study of structure or morphology of body parts is anatomy , and the study of function is physiology.
What is Anatomy?This is referred to as a field in the biological sciences which is concerned with the identification and description of the various body structures of living things such as the legs, hands, heart etc.
On the other hand , physiology is referred to as the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts such as the heart being responsible for the pumping of blood which contains vital nutrients to various parts of the body.
Their knowledge is however important as it helps to provide the adequate knowledge and expertise required for the care and treatment of patients thereby making it he correct choice.
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The experiment was run again and had the test groups changed to better test the amount of sunlight poppies are exposed to influences their growth rate. You can see how the experiment was set up below. Is this a better set up to test that hypothesis?
Experiment #2
Variable
Test Group 1
Test Group 2
Test Group 3
Water
5 ml
5 ml
10 ml
Sunlight
8h
16h
16h
Fertilizer
10 grams
20 grams
10 grams
Results of Experiment:
Average growth of poppies per day
0.5 cm
1 cm
1 cm
Group of answer choices
True
False
Considering the experimental setup to test the hypothesis that the amount of sunlight poppies are exposed to influences their growth rate, it can be concluded that the setup is not a better setup to test the hypothesis because other variables like water and amount of fertilizer are not kept constant for all the test groups.
What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain a phenomenon.
A hypothesis must be testable according to the scientific method for it to be considered a scientific hypothesis.
Scientists typically build their scientific ideas on prior observations that cannot be adequately explained by the current body of knowledge.
The process of testing out a hypothesis is through experiments.
When testing a hypothesis by means of experiments, only the factor or variable to be tested is varied, whereas other variables are kept constant.
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1.The process of breaking rock and sediment into smaller pieces is known as ….
A. Deposition
B. Weathering
C. Constructive force
D. Erosion
Answer:
b
Explanation:
dcos thats the answer eeeeeeeeee
Which environmental impact of the palm oil industry should we as a society be most concerned about? Why?
Answer:
Palm oil production necessitates extensive deforestation, which has resulted in a gradual loss of flora and fauna in areas where land is cleared for palm oil cultivation.
This perspective would study the pro's and con's of cramming for a test. *
Psychodynamic
Biolgical
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Social Cultural
Evolutionary
Cognitive perspective would study the pro's and con's of cramming for a test, 4th option.
What is Cognitive perspective?In psychology, the cognitive perspective focuses on how the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving abilities influence how and why you think the way you do. Cognitive perspective would examine how people process, perceive, and think about information.
It would study how cramming affects the cognitive processes such as attention, memory and organization of information, and the impact of cramming on academic performance. This perspective would also consider the individual's beliefs and attitudes towards cramming, and how those influence the effectiveness of this study technique.
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