Alice is likely to experience hyponatremia due to low sodium electrolyte imbalance.
Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. When running a marathon and only drinking pure water, the body loses sodium through sweat. Drinking large amounts of water without replenishing electrolytes like sodium can further dilute the sodium levels in the bloodstream, leading to hyponatremia.
To avoid electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia, it's important for marathon runners to consume sports drinks or electrolyte supplements along with water to maintain balanced sodium levels during prolonged physical activities.
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For each of the following molecules give its class and its IUPAC name:
(a) CH3CH2CH2COOH
(b) CHCl2CH2CH3
(c) CH3CH2COCH3
(d) CH3COOCH3
(e) CH3CH2OCH3
(f)CH3CH2CH2CH2COOCH2CH3
(a) The molecule CH3CH2CH2COOH is a carboxylic acid, which is a type of organic acid characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon atom. Its IUPAC name is butanoic acid, and it is a four-carbon chain with a carboxyl group attached to the end carbon.
(b) CHCl2CH2CH3 is a chlorinated alkane, which is an organic compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine atoms. Its IUPAC name is 1,1-dichloropropane, and it is a three-carbon chain with two chlorine atoms attached to the first carbon.
(c) CH3CH2COCH3 is a ketone, which is an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to two carbon atoms. Its IUPAC name is propanone, but it is also commonly known as acetone. It is a three-carbon chain with a carbonyl group attached to the second carbon.
(d) CH3COOCH3 is an ester, which is a type of organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to an oxygen atom, which is in turn attached to a carbon atom. Its IUPAC name is methyl ethanoate, and it is formed by the condensation of methanol and ethanoic acid.
(e) CH3CH2OCH3 is an ether, which is a type of organic compound characterized by the presence of an oxygen atom connected to two carbon atoms by single bonds. Its IUPAC name is ethoxyethane, but it is commonly known as diethyl ether. It is a two-carbon chain with an oxygen atom attached to the central carbon.
(f) CH3CH2CH2CH2COOCH2CH3 is an ester, which is a type of organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to an oxygen atom, which is in turn attached to a carbon chain. Its IUPAC name is pentanoic acid 2-ethylbutyl ester, and it is formed by the condensation of pentanoic acid and 2-ethylbutanol. It is a five-carbon chain with an ester group attached to the end carbon.
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The normal boiling point of diethyl ether is 34. 6°c. At a pressure of 1. 3 atm, the boiling point.
The boiling point of diethyl ether at a pressure of 1.3 atm would be higher than its normal boiling point of 34.6°C.
The boiling point of a liquid depends on its vapor pressure and the external pressure applied to it. When the external pressure is decreased, the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external pressure at a lower temperature, resulting in a lower boiling point. On the other hand, when the external pressure is increased, the vapor pressure of the liquid needs to reach a higher value to overcome the external pressure, resulting in a higher boiling point.
In this case, the external pressure of diethyl ether is 1.3 atm, which is higher than atmospheric pressure (1 atm) at which the normal boiling point is measured. Therefore, the boiling point of diethyl ether would be higher than 34.6°C when it is subjected to a pressure of 1.3 atm.
The boiling point of diethyl ether would be higher than 34.6°C at a pressure of 1.3 atm.
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A white ionic solid is dissolved in water. Addition of a solution of sodium chloride to this solution results in a white precipitate. What was the cation in the original ionic solid?.
The most likely cation in the original ionic solid is Ag⁺. Option C is correct.
The addition of a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a solution containing a white ionic solid could result in the formation of a white precipitate if the cation in the original ionic solid forms an insoluble salt with chloride ions.
The most common cations that form insoluble chlorides include silver (Ag⁺), lead (Pb²⁺), and mercury (Hg²⁺). Other cations that can form insoluble chlorides include copper (Cu²⁺), iron (Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺), and aluminum (Al³⁺).
When, we determine the cation in the original ionic solid then we need to perform additional tests to identify the specific cation present. One common method is to perform a flame test, where a small sample of the ionic solid is heated in a flame and the color of the flame is observed. Each metal ion produces a characteristic flame color, allowing us to identify the cation present.
Hence, C. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"A white ionic solid is dissolved in water. Addition of a solution of sodium chloride to this solution results in a white precipitate. What was the cation in the original ionic solid? (A) Na⁺ (B) Fe³⁺ (C) Ag⁺ (D) Sr²⁺"--
In reality .83 grams is the perfect amount of baking soda to react fully with the 10 ml of vinegar. Calculate how much vinegar you would need to fully react 2 grams of baking soda? To convert from mol to Liters (liquid) use the conversion 1 mol of vinegar = 1000 ml of vinegar
Answer: 3.93L of Vinegar
Explanation:
which of the following pairs of aqueous solutions will form a precipitate when mixed? question 5 options: nh4no3 li2co3 hg2(no3)2 lii nacl li3po4 agc2h3o2 cu(no3)2 none of these solution pairs will produce a precipitate.
The pair of aqueous solutions that will form a precipitate when mixed is Li3PO4 and AgC2H3O2. None of the other solution pairs will produce a precipitate.
To determine which of the following pairs of aqueous solutions will form a precipitate when mixed, we need to examine the possible products of each combination and check if any of them are insoluble in water.
Here are the possible combinations:
1. NH4NO3 + Li2CO3
2. Hg2(NO3)2 + LiI
3. NaCl + Li3PO4
4. AgC2H3O2 + Cu(NO3)2
Now, let's look at the possible products of each combination and their solubility:
1. NH4NO3 + Li2CO3 → NH4CO3 + LiNO3
Both NH4CO3 and LiNO3 are soluble in water.
2. Hg2(NO3)2 + LiI → HgI2 + 2 LiNO3
HgI2 is insoluble in water, so a precipitate will form in this combination.
3. NaCl + Li3PO4 → Na3PO4 + LiCl
Both Na3PO4 and LiCl are soluble in water.
4. AgC2H3O2 + Cu(NO3)2 → AgNO3 + CuC2H3O2
Both AgNO3 and CuC2H3O2 are soluble in water.
Based on the solubility of the products, the pair of aqueous solutions that will form a precipitate when mixed is:
Hg2(NO3)2 + LiI → HgI2 (precipitate) + 2 LiNO3 (solution)
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How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 10.9g of water from 22.9oC to 38.2oC?a. 38.5 J b. 298 J c. 698 J d. 1040 J e. 1740 J
683.22 J is required to raise the temperature of 10.9g of water from 22.9oC to 38.2oC
The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C. We can use the following equation to calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of the water:
Q = m * c * ΔT
where Q is the energy in Joules, m is the mass in grams, c is the specific heat in J/g·°C, and ΔT is the change in temperature in °C.
Plugging in the values we have:
Q = 10.9 g * 4.184 J/g·°C * (38.2°C - 22.9°C)
Q = 10.9 g * 4.184 J/g·°C * 15.3°C
Q = 683.22 J
Therefore, the energy required to raise the temperature of 10.9g of water from 22.9°C to 38.2°C is approximately 683.22 J (option c).
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What can be said about the spontaneity of this reaction?.
The spontaneity of a reaction can be determined by calculating the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the system. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is considered spontaneous and can occur without any external energy input. However, if ΔG is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous and requires energy input to proceed. In other words, spontaneity refers to the tendency of a reaction to occur on its own without any intervention. This is a critical concept in understanding chemical reactions and their feasibility. By analyzing the ΔG of a reaction, we can determine whether it will proceed spontaneously or not. Thus, understanding the spontaneity of reactions is essential in predicting and controlling chemical reactions.
The spontaneity of a reaction refers to its ability to proceed without any external influence, such as energy input. A spontaneous reaction occurs naturally and favors the formation of products. To determine the spontaneity of a reaction, we can consider factors like changes in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and temperature (T). The Gibbs Free Energy equation, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, helps us evaluate spontaneity.
If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous; if it's positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous; and if ΔG is zero, the reaction is at equilibrium. To analyze the spontaneity of your specific reaction, you'll need to gather data on these variables and apply the Gibbs Free Energy equation.
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why is CaF2 more soluble in water than in NaF?
The solubility of the ionic compound diminishes when a soluble compound containing one of the precipitate's ions is introduced to the solution due to common ion, which is defined as.
Solubility is the amount of a material that can be dissolved in a liquid to form a solution; it is often represented as grammes of solute per litre of liquid. One fluid's (liquid or gas) solubility in another might be absolute (methanol and water are completely miscible) or partial (oil and water hardly dissolve). In general, aromatic hydrocarbons "like dissolves like" in other aromatic hydrocarbons but not in water.
Some methods of separation rely on variations in solubility, which are quantified by the distribution coefficient (the ratio of a substance's solubilities in two solvents). In general, as temperature rises, so do the solubilities of solids in liquids, while they fall as temperature rises and rise with pressure for gases. A solution is said to be saturated when, at a specific temperature and pressure, no additional solute can dissolve in it.
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Calculating Limiting Reagent, Theoretical and Percent Yield when given 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone initial mass. (reduction lab)
The limiting reagent in this reaction is the 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone. the theoretical yield of the reaction would be 0.067 moles. and the percent yield would be 11940.3%
What is mass?Mass is defined as the amount of matter contained in an object. It is a measure of the quantity of matter present in a body and is usually measured in kilograms (kg). Mass is distinct from weight, which is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
Given:
Initial mass of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone = 12 grams
Molar mass of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone = 180 g/mol
Actual yield of the product = 8 grams
Step 1: Calculate moles of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone
Moles = Mass / Molar mass
Moles of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone = 12 grams / 180 g/mol
Moles of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone = 0.067 moles
Step 2: Determine the stoichiometric ratio
From the balanced chemical equation:
[tex]C_{14}H_{26}O + 4NaBH_{4} \rightarrow C_{14}H_{30} + 4NaBO_{2} + 4H_{2}[/tex]
The stoichiometric ratio between 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone and [tex]C_{14}H_{26}O[/tex]is 1:1.
Step 3: Identify the limiting reagent
Since the stoichiometric ratio is 1:1, both reactants are present in equal molar amounts. Therefore, there is no limiting reagent in this case.
Step 4: Calculate the theoretical yield
The theoretical yield is equal to the moles of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone, which is 0.067 moles.
Step 5: Calculate the percent yield
Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100
Percent yield = (8 grams / 0.067 moles) x 100
Percent yield = 11940.3%
Note: The calculated percent yield is unusually high, exceeding 100%. It suggests a possible error in the measurements or experimental procedure. Please double-check the values provided and ensure accuracy for a more realistic percent yield calculation.
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Question:
In a reduction lab, 12 grams of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone (C14H26O) is reacted with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reducing agent according to the following balanced equation:
[tex]C_{14}H_{26}O + 4NaBH_{4} \rightarrow C_{14}H_{30} + 4NaBO_{2} + 4H_{2}[/tex]
If the molar mass of 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone is 180 g/mol and the actual yield of the product (C14H30) is 8 grams, calculate the limiting reagent, theoretical yield, and percent yield.
Using standard heats of formation, calculate the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction: DfH of HCl(g) is -92.31Kj/mol
H2(g)+Cl2(g)-->2HCl(g)
The standard enthalpy change for the reaction is -184.62 kJ/mol.
To calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction, we need to use the standard heats of formation for each of the reactants and products.
The standard heat of formation of a compound is the change in enthalpy that occurs when one mole of the compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states.
Using the given value for the standard heat of formation of HCl(g), we can write the reaction as:
H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
ΔH°rxn = ΣnΔH°f(products) - ΣnΔH°f(reactants)
where n is the stoichiometric coefficient of each compound in the balanced chemical equation.
We can find the standard heat of formation for H2(g) and Cl2(g) in tables, which are both zero by definition. Thus, we have:
ΔH°rxn = 2(-92.31 kJ/mol) - 0 - 0
ΔH°rxn = -184.62 kJ/mol
Therefore, the standard enthalpy change for the reaction is -184.62 kJ/mol.
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at the equivalence point of a titration, the ph of the solution will be:select the correct answer below:
precisely 7
greater than 7
less than 7
depends on the titration
At the equivalence point of a titration, the ph of the solution depends on the titration.Option (4)
The pH at the equivalence point of a titration depends on the type of acid and base being titrated. For titration of a strong acid and strong base, the equivalence point will be at a pH of precisely 7 because the neutralization reaction produces only neutral water. However, for a titration of a strong acid and weak base or a weak acid and strong base, the equivalence point will be greater than 7 or less than 7, respectively, because the neutralization reaction produces a salt that can be acidic or basic.
Therefore, the pH at the equivalence point of a titration depends on the nature of the acid and base used in the titration, and cannot be generalized to be precisely 7, greater than 7, or less than 7.
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Full Question: at the equivalence point of a titration, the ph of the solution will be:select the correct answer below:
precisely 7greater than 7less than 7depends on the titrationComplete and balance the following redox reaction in basic solution. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction. CIO (aq) + CO2(aq) → CIO₂(g) + CO₂(g)
The balanced redox reaction in basic solution is: [tex]CIO(aq) + CO_2(aq) + OH^{-(aq)} \rightarrow CIO_2(g) + CO_2(g) + H_2O(l)[/tex]
To balance this redox reaction in basic solution, we first need to identify the oxidation state of each element in the equation. We see that the oxidation state of chlorine changes from +1 to +4, while the oxidation state of carbon changes from +4 to +2.
Next, we balance the equation in acidic solution, as we normally would, and then add OH⁻ to both sides of the equation to neutralize the H⁺ ions and form water molecules. This adds an equal number of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions to both sides of the equation, so the charge balance is maintained.
After balancing the equation in basic solution, we make sure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides, and that the charges are balanced. Finally, we add the phases of each species to complete the equation.
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Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0. 0015 M in HCl and 0. 020 M in HIO. Ka of HIO is 2. 3x10-11, 5. 50 O 2. 82 O 1. 67 O 11. 18
The pH of the solution is 3.77 which has 0. 0015 M in HCl and 0.020 M in HIO. Thus, option C is correct.
Molarity of HCl = 0. 0015 M
Molarity of HlO = 0. 020 M
Ka of HIO = [tex]2. 3*10^{-11}[/tex]
HCl is a strong acid and HIO is a weak acid.
The reactions of the solution will be written as:
HCl → (H+) + (Cl-)
HIO ↔(H+) + (IO-)
[H+] = 0.0015 M
Here, we can use the equilibrium expression for the reaction to find the concentration of H+ ions in HIO:
Ka = [H+][IO-]/[HIO]
[H+][IO-]/[HIO] = [tex]2.3*10^{-11}[/tex]
[H+][0.020]/[HIO] = [tex]2.3*10^{-11}[/tex]
[H+] = [tex]2.3*10^{-11}[/tex] x [HIO]/0.020
[H+] = [tex]2.3*10^{-11}[/tex] x 0.020/[HIO]
[H+] =[tex]4.6*10^{-13}[/tex]/[HIO]
The charge balance will be:
[H+] + [IO-] = [Cl-]
[tex]4.6*10^{-13}[/tex] / [HIO] + 0.020 = 0.0015
[HIO] = [tex]1.0*10^{-10}[/tex] M
The concentration of IO- ions in the solution will be estimated as:
[IO-] = Ka x [HIO]/[H+]
[IO-] =[tex]( 2.3*10^{-11}) * (1.03*10^{-10})/(4.6*10^{-13})[/tex]
[IO-] = [tex]5.14*10^{-9}[/tex] M
The pH will be:
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log([tex]4.6*10^{-13}[/tex]) / [HIO])
pH = 3.77
Therefore, we can conclude that the pH of the solution is 3.77.
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The complete question is:
Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0. 0015 M in HCl and 0. 020 M in HIO. Ka of HIO is 2. 3x10-11.
a. 5. 50
b. 2. 82
c. 3.77
d. 11. 18
Calculate the ratio of the rate of effusion of co2 to that of he.
Effusion is the process by which a gas escapes through a tiny hole or porous material into a region of lower pressure. The rate of effusion is directly proportional to the average speed of the gas particles, which in turn is related to their molecular weight. The ratio of the rate of effusion of CO₂ to that of He is 0.302.
The rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of a gas. The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol, while the molar mass of He is 4.00 g/mol. Thus, the square root of the molar mass of CO₂ is √44.01 = 6.63 g/mol, and the square root of the molar mass of He is √4.00 = 2.00 g/mol.
Using the equation for the ratio of the rates of effusion, we get:
Rate of CO₂ effusion / Rate of He effusion = √(Molar mass of He) / √(Molar mass of CO₂)
= 2.00 / 6.63 = 0.302
Therefore, the ratio of the rate of effusion of CO₂ to that of He is 0.302.
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what is the molarity of a solution of hf if 6.733 moles of hf are added to a container and filled with water to a final volume of 5.00 l?
The molarity of the solution of HF is 1.347 M. It is important to note that the volume of the solution is the total volume of the container, which includes the volume of water used to dilute the solute.
To determine the molarity of a solution of HF, we need to use the formula:
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
Given that 6.733 moles of HF are added to a container and filled with water to a final volume of 5.00 L, we can plug these values into the formula:
Molarity = 6.733 moles / 5.00 L = 1.347 M
Therefore, the molarity of the solution of HF is 1.347 M. It is important to note that the volume of the solution is the total volume of the container, which includes the volume of water used to dilute the solute. In this case, the water is used to make the solution less concentrated, resulting in a lower molarity than if the HF was dissolved in a smaller volume of water, which were used to explain the formula and the significance of water in the calculation.
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which term is defined as the fundamental particles of protons and neutrons?responses
B. nucleons
B. nucleons
C. electrons
D. electrons
E. molecules
F. molecules
G. quarks
The term defined as the fundamental particles of protons and neutrons is nucleons and the correct option is option B.
Nucleons include both protons and neutrons, which are the primary constituents of atomic nuclei. Electrons, on the other hand, are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. Molecules are formed by the bonding of atoms, and quarks are elementary particles that combine to form nucleons.
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. They have almost similar chemical properties but are different in mass and therefore in physical properties.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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The reaction that occurs when NH4Br dissolves in water is ____.
a. NH4+ + OH− NH4OH
b. Br− + H3O+ HBr + H2O
c. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH−
d. NH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+
e. Br− + H2O HBr + OH−
The reaction that occurs when NH4Br dissolves in water is c. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-. This is a chemical reaction that involves the dissociation of NH4Br into its constituent ions when it is added to water.
In this case, the positively charged ammonium ion (NH4+) reacts with water to form the weakly basic compound ammonia (NH3) and a positively charged hydrogen ion (H+). This reaction is known as acid-base neutralization, and it results in the formation of a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-).
The reaction can be represented as follows: NH4Br + H2O → NH3 + H+ + Br- + OH-. The hydroxide ion (OH-) that is produced as a result of this reaction is what gives the solution its basic properties.
Overall, the reaction that occurs when NH4Br dissolves in water is an example of a simple acid-base neutralization reaction. Understanding the chemical properties of NH4Br and its reaction with water can be helpful in a variety of applications, such as in the field of chemical analysis or in the development of new pharmaceuticals.
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Gravity Filtration
1) which labs its done
2) its use
3) definition
4) process
Gravity filtration is many times utilized in substance labs to channel encourages from precipitation responses as well as drying specialists, unacceptable side things, or remaining reactants.
Although vacuum filtration is more commonly used for this purpose, it can also be used to separate strong products.
Process :Gravity filtration is the process of passing a mixture of solid and liquid through a filter paper-lined funnel, allowing the liquid to pass through while keeping the solid on the paper .
Gravity filtration uses :Gravity filtration is the technique for decision to eliminate strong pollutions from a natural fluid. A drying agent, undesirable side product, or leftover reactant are all examples of impurities. Although vacuum filtration is typically used for this purpose due to its speed, gravity filtration can be used to collect solid products.
Definition Gravity filtration :Gravity filtration is a method of filtering impurities from solutions by using gravity to pull liquid through a filter. The two main kinds of filtration used in laboratories are gravity and vacuum/suction.
Incomplete question :
Explain the following about Gravity Filtration :
1) which labs its done
2) its use
3) definition
4) process
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when sodium chloride reacts with silver nitrate, silver chloride precipitates. what mass of agcl is produced from 143 g of agno3? answer in units of g.
the mass of AgCl produced from 143 g of AgNO3 can be calculated using stoichiometry.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) is:
NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
From the equation, we can see that one mole of AgNO3 reacts with one mole of NaCl to produce one mole of AgCl. Therefore, we need to use the molar mass of AgNO3 to convert 143 g of AgNO3 to moles, and then use the mole ratio between AgNO3 and AgCl to determine the amount of AgCl produced in moles. Finally, we can convert the moles of AgCl to grams using the molar mass of AgCl.
Step 1: Convert grams of AgNO3 to moles
molar mass of AgNO3 = 107.87 g/mol
moles of AgNO3 = 143 g / 107.87 g/mol = 1.325 mol
Step 2: Use mole ratio to determine moles of AgCl produced
From the balanced equation, the mole ratio between AgNO3 and AgCl is 1:1. Therefore, the amount of AgCl produced in moles is also 1.325 mol.
Step 3: Convert moles of AgCl to grams
molar mass of AgCl = 143.32 g/mol
mass of AgCl produced = 1.325 mol x 143.32 g/mol = 190.0 g
Therefore, the mass of AgCl produced from 143 g of AgNO3 is 190.0 g (in units of grams).
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Reason for difference in shape between water on waxed and unwaxed surfaced
Water beads up on waxed surfaces due to its much stronger cohesive forces than the adhesive forces between water and wax.
Why does water look different on wax paper?Water and wax don't get along. Waxed paper repels and does not absorb water. It is reduced to a small, oblong blob as a result of the water's surface tension; these masses, or drops, can slide around waxed paper in light of the fact that the paper doesn't assimilate it.
What principle explains the shape of the water on the wax paper?The cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water is referred to as surface tension. Attempt this at home: On a piece of wax paper, drop a drop of water.
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Draw the best Lewis structure for CH3+. What is the formal charge on the C?
Total number of valence electrons 8 : 4 from carbon, 3 from each of the 3 hydrogens, and 1 electron for the C negative charge.
Option C is correct.
The Total number of valence electrons is = 4 + 3 + 1
= 8
Taking 4 electrons from carbon
Taking 3 electrons from each of the 3 hydrogen
Taking 1 electron for negative charge
Since hydrogen can only form one single bond, there will be three bonds (by three hydrogen atoms) and two nonbonding electrons, making the total number of valence electrons 8: 4 from carbon, 3 from each of the 3 hydrogens, and 1 electron for the negative charge.
The appropriate Lewis structure is as follows:
H --------C ⁻--------- H
|
H
Lewis structure :A Lewis Design is an exceptionally worked on portrayal of the valence shell electrons in a particle. It is utilized to demonstrate the arrangement of electrons around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are depicted as "dots" or as a line connecting two atoms for bonding. By drawing lines between the atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond, Lewis structures extend the electron dot diagram concept.
Incomplete question :
Draw the best Lewis structure for CH₃⁻¹. What is the formal charge on the C? 4+3+1
A) 0
B) 1
C) -1
D) 2
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compare the chemical reactivities of nitrogen gas and argon gas based on sir ramsey's experiment using magnesium
Sir Ramsey's experiment involves the reaction of magnesium with nitrogen gas, and argon gas.
What is reaction?Reaction is a response to an action or stimulus. It is a physical or emotional change that occurs in response to a stimulus, such as a thought, feeling, or external event. Reaction can be both conscious and unconscious, and it can range from mild to severe. Reaction includes both physical and psychological responses, such as laughing, crying, or feeling angry.
In the reaction of magnesium with nitrogen gas, the nitrogen gas is much more reactive than the argon gas. This is because nitrogen gas is able to form a strong bond with magnesium and it is readily oxidized to form nitrite ion, which then reacts with magnesium to form magnesium nitride. On the other hand, argon gas is not reactive enough to form any bond with magnesium and therefore, it does not react with the metal.
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Pt and d saturated calomel electrodes are dipped into a containing 0.002 17 M Br2(aq) and 0.234 M Br.Pt d to the positive terminal of the potentiometer. e the reaction that takes place at Pt and find the half- is attached to the a) Wre cell potential E+ (b) Find the net cell voltage, E. it
The cell potential and net voltage of a Pt |[tex]Br_{2}[/tex]/Br- || SCE cell with concentrations 0.00217 M and 0.234 M, respectively, are 0.750 V and 0.413 V.
What are the cell potential and net voltage of a Pt | [tex]Br_{2}[/tex]/Br- || SCE cell with concentrations 0.00217 M and 0.234 M, respectively?
The reaction that takes place at the Pt electrode is:
[tex]\mathrm{Pt} + \mathrm{Br_2(aq)} + 2\mathrm{e^-} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Br^- (aq)} + \mathrm{Pt(s)}[/tex]
The reaction at the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) can be considered as:
[tex]\mathrm{Hg_2Cl_2(s)} + 2\mathrm{e^-} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Hg(l)} + 2\mathrm{Cl^- (aq)}[/tex]
The standard reduction potential for the above reaction is E°(SCE) = 0.242 V.
The standard reduction potential for the Br2/Br- half-cell is E°(Br2/Br-) = 1.087 V.
1. To find the cell potential of the Pt | [tex]Br_{2}[/tex]/Br- || SCE cell, we need to calculate the individual potentials for each half-cell and subtract them. The potential for the Pt | [tex]Br_{2}[/tex]/Br- half-cell can be calculated using the Nernst equation:
[tex]E(\mathrm{Pt|Br_2/Br^-}) = E^\circ(\mathrm{Br_2/Br^-}) - \frac{RT}{nF} \ln{\frac{[\mathrm{Br^-}]^2}{[\mathrm{Br_2}]}}[/tex]
where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, F is the Faraday constant, n is the number of electrons transferred in the reaction, [Br-] is the concentration of Br- ions, and [Br2] is the concentration of Br2.
At room temperature (25°C or 298 K), we get:
[tex]E(\mathrm{Pt|Br_2/Br^-}) = 1.087 \mathrm{V} - \frac{0.0257}{2} \log{\frac{0.00217}{(0.234)^2}}[/tex]
[tex]E(\mathrm{Pt|Br_2/Br^-}) = 0.992 \mathrm{V}[/tex]
The potential for the SCE half-cell is E(SCE) = 0.242 V.
Therefore, the cell potential of the Pt | Br2/Br- || SCE cell is:
[tex]E_{\mathrm{cell}} = E(\mathrm{Pt|Br_2/Br^-}) - E(\mathrm{SCE}) = 0.992 \mathrm{V} - 0.242 \mathrm{V} = 0.750 \mathrm{V}[/tex]
2. The net cell voltage, E, can be calculated using the equation:
[tex]E = E_{\mathrm{cell}} - E^\circ(\mathrm{Cu|Cu^{2+}})}[/tex]
where [tex]E^\circ(\mathrm{Cu|Cu^{2+}})}[/tex] is the standard reduction potential for the [tex]\mathrm{Cu^{2+}/Cu}[/tex]half-cell, which is 0.337 V.
Therefore,
E = 0.750 V - 0.337 V = 0.413 V
So, the net cell voltage is 0.413 V.
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which of the following molecules will use dipole-dipole attractions as an intermolecular attractive force?(i) asi3 (ii) ccl4 (iii) h2se (iv) bf3
Answer: H2SE
Explanation: H2SE is a polar molecule because the H-Se bond is polar due to the difference in electron negativity between H & SE atoms.
However, the molecule has a bent shape, and the dipole moments of the two H-Se bonds do not cancel each other out. Therefore, H2SE Has a permanent dipole moment,and it can experience dipole-dipole attraction.
Calculate the solubility of laf3 in grams per liter in pure water.
The solubility of LaF3 in pure water is dependent on several factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances in the water. The solubility of LaF3 increases with increasing temperature and pressure. At room temperature, the solubility of LaF3 in pure water is approximately 0.00023 grams per liter.
To calculate the solubility of LaF3 in grams per liter in pure water, one needs to take into account the molar mass of LaF3, which is 195.89 g/mol. Therefore, the solubility of LaF3 in grams per liter can be calculated using the following formula:
Solubility = (Molar mass of LaF3/Volume of solvent) x Ksp
Where Ksp is the solubility product constant for LaF3. For LaF3, the Ksp is approximately 1.6 x 10^-19 at room temperature.
Substituting the values, we get:
Solubility = (195.89 g/mol/1 L) x (1.6 x 10^-19)
Solubility = 3.14 x 10^-18 g/L or 0.00000000000314 g/L
Therefore, the solubility of LaF3 in grams per liter in pure water is 3.14 x 10^-18 g/L or 0.00000000000314 g/L.
To calculate the solubility of LaF3 (Lanthanum Fluoride) in grams per liter in pure water, we need to know its Ksp (solubility product constant). The Ksp value for LaF3 is 2.01 x 10^-19.
The dissolution equation for LaF3 is: LaF3(s) ⇌ La³⁺(aq) + 3F⁻(aq)
Let the solubility of LaF3 be "s" in mol/L. Then, the concentration of La³⁺ is also "s" mol/L, and the concentration of F⁻ is 3s mol/L. The Ksp expression for LaF3 is:
Ksp = [La³⁺][F⁻]³ = (s)(3s)³ = 27s⁴
Now, we can solve for "s":
27s⁴ = 2.01 x 10^-19
s⁴ = 7.44 x 10^-21
s = ∛√(7.44 x 10^-21) ≈ 1.43 x 10^-5 mol/L
Now, convert solubility in mol/L to grams per liter:
1.43 x 10^-5 mol/L * (LaF3 molar mass) = solubility in g/L
The molar mass of LaF3 is 195.90 g/mol (La: 138.91 g/mol, F: 18.998 g/mol × 3):
1.43 x 10^-5 mol/L * 195.90 g/mol ≈ 2.8 x 10^-3 g/L
Therefore, the solubility of LaF3 in pure water is approximately 2.8 x 10^-3 g/L.
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Why is it unimportant that we can't measure the total heat of a liquid or a vapor
The heat capacity, also known as specific heat, is the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius per unit of mass.
Specific heat can be used to distinguish between two polymeric composites and help determine the processing temperatures and amount of heat required for processing.
Is temperature a proportion of how much intensity in a substance?Temperature is an immediate estimation of nuclear power, implying that the more sizzling an article is, the more nuclear power it has. The amount of thermal energy transferred between two systems is measured by heat.
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What is the molar solubility of silver sulfate?
(A) 0.0155. (B) 4.00 x 10-3. (C) 1.5 x 10-5. (D) 5.04 x 10-6. (E) 2.00 x 10-7. (F) 5.19 x 10-8. (G) 2.31 x 10-10. (H) 0.15.
The molar solubility of silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) can be determined using the provided options. Given the choices, the correct answer is (C) 1.5 x 10-5.
The molar solubility of silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) is approximately 5.6 x 10^-5 moles per liter (mol/L) at 25°C. This means that at this temperature, 5.6 x 10^-5 moles of Ag2SO4 can dissolve in one liter of water to form a saturated solution. The solubility of Ag2SO4 in water is relatively low, which means that it is considered sparingly soluble. This is due to the high lattice energy of the compound, which arises from the strong electrostatic interactions between the positively charged silver ions (Ag+) and the negatively charged sulfate ions (SO4^2-). The molar solubility of Ag2SO4 can be affected by various factors, including temperature, pH, and the presence of other ions in the solution. For example, increasing the temperature typically increases the solubility of most solids, including Ag2SO4. However, the solubility of Ag2SO4 can also be affected by the presence of other ions that may form insoluble compounds with either the silver ions or the sulfate ions, reducing the amount of Ag2SO4 that can dissolve in solution.
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Each of the following compounds is soluble in water. For which compounds do you expect the resulting aqueous solution to conduct electrical current?.
The compounds that are able to conduct electrical current in aqueous solution are those that dissociate into ions. These include ionic compounds, such as salts, acids, and bases.
Therefore, we can expect the following compounds to conduct electrical current in aqueous solution: NaCl (sodium chloride), HCl (hydrochloric acid), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KNO3 (potassium nitrate), and NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide).
In summary, the ability of a compound to conduct electrical current in aqueous solution depends on its ability to dissociate into ions. Ionic compounds, such as salts, acids, and bases, are able to dissociate into ions and conduct electrical current in aqueous solution.
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A student evaluated the molar solubility of Mg(OH)_2 under a variety of conditions. In each of the following scenario would the student expect to observe a reduced molar solubility due to the common ion effect? Explain your reasoning. A. Mg(OH)_2 was dissolved in a solution of 0. 1 M MgCl_2 b. Mg(OH)_2 was dissolved in a solution of KOH. C. Mg(OH)_2 was dissolved in a solution of NaCl
For [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] in a solution of 0.1 M [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] the student will observe a reduced molar solubility due to the common ion effect. For [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] in a solution of [tex]KOH[/tex] the student would not expect to observe a reduced molar solubility due to the common ion effect. And for [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] in a solution of [tex]NaCl[/tex] the student will observe a reduced molar solubility due to the common ion effect.
A. Yes, the student would expect to observe a reduced molar solubility of [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] in a solution of 0.1 M [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] due to the common ion effect.
This is because [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] will dissociate into [tex]Mg2^+[/tex] and [tex]2Cl^-[/tex] ions in solution, and since [tex]Mg2^+[/tex]is a common ion with [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex], it will decrease the solubility of [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] by shifting the equilibrium towards the solid [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex].
B. No, the student would not expect to observe a reduced molar solubility of [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] in a solution of [tex]KOH[/tex] due to the common ion effect.
This is because [tex]KOH[/tex] dissociates into[tex]K^+[/tex] and [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions in solution, and [tex]OH^-[/tex] is not a common ion with [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex].
C. Yes, the student would expect to observe a reduced molar solubility of [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] in a solution of [tex]NaCl[/tex] due to the common ion effect.
This is because [tex]NaCl[/tex] dissociates into [tex]Na^+[/tex] and [tex]Cl^-[/tex] ions in solution, and since [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions are produced when [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] dissolves in water, the addition of [tex]Cl-[/tex] ions will decrease the solubility of [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] by shifting the equilibrium towards the solid [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex].
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Question 3 (2 points)
How many more valence electrons does F need to be "happy"?
2
1
0
7
4
Fluorine atom requires a single electron to complete the octet and thus attain stability.
A single fluorine atom possesses seven valence electrons, making it a member of Group VII. According to the Octet Rule, it would prefer to gain one electron in order to have an entire octet of valence electrons.
To create a single bond, two fluorine atoms can each sacrifice one of their valence electrons.
The fluorine atom has 7 electrons in its outermost shell, so that its valency might also be 7. However, gaining one electron is easier for fluorine than losing seven. Thus, the octet's valency is calculated by subtracting the seven electrons, giving fluorine a valency of 1.
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