True. Because if recessive is shown, you know genotype (aa is the only possibility).
False if it shows dominant, don't know genotype because it could be Aa or AA.
.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a precept declaring that the genetic version in a population will remain regular from one era to the following inside the absence of demanding elements. when mating is random in a huge populace without a disruptive occasions, the law predicts that both genotype and allele frequencies will continue to be constant due to the fact they're in equilibrium.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by means of some of forces, such as mutations, natural choice, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow. as an example, mutations disrupt the equilibrium of allele frequencies with the aid of introducing new alleles right into a population. similarly, natural choice and nonrandom mating disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to the fact they bring about adjustments in gene frequencies. This takes place because positive alleles assist or damage the reproductive achievement of the organisms that convey them. any other factor which could upset this equilibrium is genetic glide, which happens whilst allele frequencies develop better or lower by way of hazard and normally takes region in small populations. Gene flow, which takes place whilst breeding between two populations transfers new alleles right into a populace, can also adjust the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
because all of those disruptive forces generally arise in nature, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium not often applies in reality. therefore, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes an idealized state, and genetic versions in nature can be measured as modifications from this equilibrium state.
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What cellular process occurs billions of times resulting in the growth of the zygote into an embryo and subsequently into a fetus?
2. Where do the biological macromolecules for this growth come from? How do these molecules get to the cells of the developing offspring?
3. The developing embryo will have mitochondria that require the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide. How does this exchange of gasses occur?
Mitosis is the cellular process that occurs billions of times resulting in the growth of the zygote into an embryo and subsequently into a fetus (question 1). Biological macromolecules for this growth come from the foods and these molecules get to the cells of the developing offspring through a process called cellular respiration (question 2). The developing embryo will have mitochondria that require the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide, which occurs in the respiratory organs system (question 3).
What is the process of mitosis?The process of mitosis is a pathway that multicellular organisms use to generate many genetically identical somatic cells. The energy for this process comes from cellular preparation which requires the intake of oxygen from the respiratory system and chemical energy from foods.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of mitosis is fundamental to generating new somatic cells by using energy from cell respiration.
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1. Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism? A. absence of arch in the foot B. nails instead of claws C. convergent eyes D. valgus knee 2. The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is A. Orrorin tugenensis. B. Ardipithecus kadabba. C. Sahelanthropus tchadensis. D. Ardipithecus ramidus. 3. Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis? A. big toe opposability B. length of the calcaneus C. larger body size D. nonhoning chewing
1. The valgus knee is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism. option (a) correct.
2. The earliest pre-australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is Orrorin tugenensi.
3. Nonhoning chewing is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus tchadensis
What is valgus knee?
A malformation of the lower leg is known as a valgus knee. The vague knee occurs when the knee joint's bone is tilted outward and away from the body's midline. Due to this, it is impossible for a person to touch both of their knees while also touching their ankles.
What is Orrorin tugenensi?
Orrorin tugenensis also called the Millenium Man lived in the Eastern Africa, specifically in Tugen Hills, central Kenya about 6 million years ago. These species were the size of a chimpanzee and had small teeth with thick enamel similar to humans. Evidence showed that the most important fossil found is the upper femur, was having a bone buildup typical of a biped, indicating that these individuals climbed trees but walked upright with two legs on the ground.
What is Nonhoning chewing?
Chewing without honing. mostly grinding; no slicing. refers to how food is broken down in the mouth. Blunt, non-projecting canines, short canines in relation to the size of the other teeth, the absence of diastemas, wear on the canine and third premolar tips, and equal-sized cusps on the lower third premolar are non-honing chewing traits.
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what are two ways the growth of an organism can be accomplished through the events of the cell cycle?
The two ways the growth of an organism can be accomplished through the events of the cell cycle are during production of cells and when cells are damaged, more cells are needed.
Cells are of two types eukaryotic and prokaryotic and they give rise to their off-springs by the process of mitosis or meiosis. The growth and development of an organism refers to the change in terms of physical and physiological parameters. Synthesis or the S phase is when the cell copies its DNA sequence. Growth of cells can happen when the cell increases in size or in number of cells. All eukaryotic organisms grow by the process of mitosis. In such organisms, the cell cycle consists of four discrete phases namely G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and M phase.
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place the type of chromosomal mutation next to each set of chromosomes. the ∙ represents the centromere.
Tandem or displacement duplication of DEF is the type of chromosomal mutation represents the centromere when placed next to each set of chromosomes .
A chromosomal mutation in biology is a change in the DNA strands that make up the chromosomal segments. This can happen when changes in chromosome structure take place, as well as when the number of chromosomes or chromosome sets (ploidy) in a genome grows or decreases.
Chromosome mutation can result from irregularities or mishaps during cell division, chromosomal crossing over, or fertilization.
Chromosome mutation can occur in all chromosome types. Examples of chromosomal mutations include chromosome duplication, inversion, translation, and deletion. There are numerous genetic and chromosomal mutation illnesses that these are known to cause.
For instance, it has been determined that chromosomal abnormalities on chromosome 4 are the cause of many genetic illnesses, including cancer, in humans.
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What type of gas bubbles are being produced?
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. water
And what is the process shown in the diagram?
A. alcoholic fermentation
B. photosynthesis
C. respiration
D. anaerobic respiration
Drag each item into the appropriate bin depending on whether the process is associated with Photosystem II (PS II) only, Photosystem I (PS I) only, or both PS II and PS I.
Note that "electron transport chain" here refers to the electron transport chain between the two photosystems, not the one that functions after PS I.
Oxidation of water by Photosystem II, reduction of the electron transport chain between the two photosystems, reduction of NADP+ by Photosystem I, and oxidation of the electron transport chain between the two photosystems.
A basic definition of a photosystemThe functional components of photosynthesis are called photosystems, and they are identified by specific pigment organization and association patterns. Photosystems' functions include absorbing light energy and transferring it to other tissues, which implies the movement of electrons.
What substances make up the photosystem?The reaction center of a photosystem is surrounded by a lot of light-harvesting complexes. Chlorophyll a, an auxiliary pigment together with chlorophyll b and carotenoids, make up these light-harvesting complexes. The compounds that absorb light and are present in the chloroplasts of leaves are called pigments.
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Aiden and his mom have been hiking for the past three hours in the hot sun. When they finally enter a part of the
forest with lots of trees it is much cooler and a lot darker. Aiden decides to sit down in the shade of the trees and
enjoy the change in temperature before they finish the rest of the hike. What makes this part of the forest cooler?
the nursery
the canopy
selective cutting
succession
Aiden decides to sit down in the shade of the trees and enjoy the change in temperature before they finish the rest of the hike therefore the part of the forest which makes it cooler is the canopy and is denoted as option B.
What is Temperature?This is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance and it is influenced by thermal energy. It is measured with the use of a thermometer and its S.I unit is Kelvin.
In places like forest, there are lots of trees which is much cooler and a lot darker as a result of their branches forming a canopy of leaves which helps to shield such area from sunlight.
This shield in the form of a canopy is responsible for making the place cool and darker thereby making option B the correct choice in this scenario.
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a bird species is known for its unusual mating behavior. not much is known about the cause of this behavior. what could you study to better understand the proximate basis of this behavior? (check all that apply)
One bird species is well recognized for its peculiar mating habits. The reason behind this behavior is not well understood.
What are some illustrations of mating behaviors?When two animals only mate with one another in a monogamous relationship (1 partner)
Polygamy is the practice of animals having many mating partners. One guy mating with several females is called polygyny. When a female mates with several males, this is called polyandry.
Do people have mate-finding behavior?It is a fundamental aspect of human nature and could be connected to the sex desire. The social and cultural methods by which individuals may interact with one another to determine compatibility, the courtship phase, and the process of developing a personal bond are all included in the human mating process.
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behaviorism was characterized by
Behaviorism is characterised by a strong verificationism. which generally considers unverifiable statements about interior mental life senseless
Among the key philosophers who influenced the development of behaviourism were Ivan Pavlov, John W. Watson, and B.F. Skinner.
"Behaviourism is a learning theory which states all behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment through a process called conditioning."
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviours are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behaviour.
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extreme hunting pressure has caused northern elephant seals to become less genetically diverse because of:
Because of a population bottleneck caused by humans in the 1890s, genetic variety in northern elephant seals has likely decreased.
What does mean Elephants ?
Elephants have noticeably huge bodies, big ears, and lengthy trunks. They are the largest land creatures on the planet. In addition to picking up objects and trumpeting warnings, elephants can also use their trunks to welcome one another and suck up water for drinking and bathing. African elephants can be either left- or right-tusked, and the tusk on their dominant side is typically smaller due to wear and tear. Tusks can grow on both male and female African elephants.
Numerous uses exist for elephant tusks. The elephant can lift and carry objects, gather food, and strip bark off trees with the help of its long teeth. They can also be used to protect the elephant's trunk. Additionally, they have a defense function. Elephants actually use their tusks to dig holes in drought-stricken areas in order to uncover subsurface water sources.
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A microarray known as a genechip, with most of the human protein-coding genetic sequences, has been developed to aid in the study of human cancer by comparing gene sequences and patterns of gene expression in cancer cells with those in normal cells. what kind of information might be gleaned from this genechip to aid in cancer prevention?
Information that could warn patients about the type of cancer they were most likely to get.
How are DNA microarrays used for gene expression research?How are DNA microarrays used for gene expression research? They are utilized in experiments involving hybridization with labeled mRNA. To ascertain which genes are expressed, microarrays are frequently utilized.
What kind of data are produced by the visualization of microarray experiments?Large amounts of unprocessed gene expression data are produced by microarray experiments, so reliable and insightful information about the expression of genes must be extracted through sound experimental design and statistical analysis.
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Forms bridge of nose
The bony component of the nose is formed by two tiny nasal bones and maxillary extensions.
The remaining structure is made of cartilage and is the most flexible part. The framework is protected by connective tissue and skin.
Nasal. (The nasal bones, which create the bridge of the nose and do not contain sinuses, are little tombstone-shaped bones.)
Ethmoid (The ethmoid bone forms the region of the skull between the nasal cavity and the orbits) (The ethmoid bone forms the area of the cranium between the nasal cavity and the orbits.) The maxillary sinuses are located in the maxillary bones.
The frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, and inferior nasal conchae interact with the two lacrimal bones, which constitute the medial wall of the orbit.
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what event occurred during this cycle of meiosis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs during the cycle of meiosis.
There are two divisions in meiosis; the first division is meiosis I: the number of cells is doubled but the number of chromosomes is not. This results in 1/2 as many chromosomes per cell. The second division is meiosis II: this division is like mitosis; the number of chromosomes does not get reduced.
In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II.
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Which of the following statements about the effects of improved cardiorespiratory fitness is FALSE?
A. The heart pumps more blood per heartbeat.
B. Resting blood pressure increases.
C. The body can do more exercise with less effort.
D. The heart can better withstand the strains of everyday life.
Resting blood pressure increases is the incorrect statement about cardiorespiratory fitness.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is the capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems to deliver oxygen to the mitochondria of the skeletal muscles for the synthesis of energy during physical activity. This is also referred to as cardiorespiratory endurance, aerobic capacity, and aerobic fitness.
The normal blood pressure of adults is determined to be 120/80 mmHg. This pressure is called resting blood pressure. The heart gets stronger with consistent exercise. With less effort, a stronger heart can pump more blood. As a result, there is less pressure on the arteries. This brings down blood pressure.
Therefore, the correct statement is option B.
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Check all the attributes that apply to microbial taxonomy: Check AII That Apply a) Can use characteristics such as morphology; pigmentation, presencelabsence of specific genes; evolutionary relatedness b)Brings order to wide diversity of microbial life forms c)Only used for microbes of pathogenic or industrial significance d)Includes the naming of taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules
The attributes that apply to microbial taxonomy can use characteristics such as morphology; pigmentation, presence absence of specific genes; evolutionary relatedness. The correct answer is A.
What is TaxonomyTaxonomy is the phrases nomenclature, identification, and classification are all used to refer to the science of classifying living things.
Organisms are grouped into taxa based on their similarities to one another (s., taxon).
Before it is published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, a new species cannot be recognized.
Each organism has two names in taxonomy.
E. coli is one instance (E.coli). Both Escherichia and coli are names of species.
Thus, we may state that the attributes that apply to microbial taxonomy can use characteristics such morphology, coloring, the presence or absence of a certain gene, or an evolutionary link. Includes categorizing taxonomic groups according to predetermined rules.
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A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the sensation of:
a. neuropeptide Y suppression
b. stress eating
c. hunger
d. appetite
A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the sensation of: hunger.
What is physiological need?Physiological requirements are at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. They are the things a person needs the most in order to survive. They consist of the need for safety, nourishment, warmth, rest, and health. At this level, a person's drive comes from their innate will to survive.
Physiological needs are the needs which are vital for survival like food, water, air, sleep.
Hence hunger is physiological need.
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what are functions of motor movements in the alimentary canal? multiple select question. to chemically digest the food secrete enzymes to aid in digestion mix the contents with fluids move the contents along the tract
Move the contents through the tract while combining them with liquids.
What happens when food moves through the alimentary canal?Peristalsis: Peristalsis is primarily responsible for the passage of food along the alimentary canal. Food can pass through the alimentary canal thanks to the involuntary contraction of muscles in the digestive system known as peristalsis.
Which four procedures take place in the alimentary canal?However, as food passes through the alimentary canal, most digestion processes take place gradually and involve several organ interactions (Figure 2). Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and feces are the digestive processes.
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which bird(s) are likely to have a smaller future habitat distribution in the u.s. due to climate change? (choose all that apply.)
American Goldfinch are likely to have a smaller future habitat distribution in the u.s. due to climate change .
The American Goldfinch, Bubbling, and Black Cap Chicken Days are the correct answers. These are the bars that, as a result of climate change, are probably going to have a narrower distribution of habits in the future in the U.S.
According to studies on birds, both direct and indirect effects of climate change are seen in birds. Winter and summer temperatures have a strong impact on bird dispersal, and rising temperatures brought on by climate change may have a direct impact on birds by making them use more energy to regulate their body temperatures. This may interfere with their reproduction, timing of breeding and migration, maintenance (the energy required by organisms to maintain their basal levels of activity and condition), and survival or fitness (4). Birds may adapt to these costs by gradually relocating their ranges to locations with better thermal conditions, but habitat and other resources might not be adequate or suited for their requirements.
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What test did you pick to distinguish your two organisms Enterobacter aerogenes and Serratia Fonticola?
The fast gramme positive test used to distinguish between serratia and Enterobacteriaceae is different from both.
The large family Enterobacteriaceae contains opportunistic gram-negative microorganisms called Serratia species. Serratia are significant in the environment, but they are a common component of the flora found in human faeces. In terms of pathogenicity, Serratia marcescens is the most prevalent species.So it has been desired to quickly differentiate Serratia from Enterobacter. Serratia takes only five minutes to produce the blue-inexperienced indigo shadeation, but Enterobacter takes half an hour.
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Which of the following DNA sequences is one strand of a restriction enzyme recognition sequence? Which of the following DNA sequences is one strand of a restriction enzyme recognition sequence? 5’ GGATCC 3’ 5’ AAACCC 3’ 5’ GGGTTT 3’ 5’ GGGGGG 3’
A: ' 5’ GGATCC 3’ ' is a DNA sequence with one strand of a restriction enzyme recognition sequence.
A restriction enzyme refers to a DNA-cutting enzyme that recognizes particular sites in DNA. Various restriction enzymes create staggered cuts at or near their recognition sites, making ends with a single-stranded overhang. In case when two DNA molecules have matching ends, the enzyme DNA ligase can be used to join them. The restriction endonuclease enzyme (EcoRI) recognizes the 5'-GAATTC'-3 sequence of DNA and develops a single-strand cut between the G & A nucleotides.
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The area where the cornea and sclera meet is called?
The limbus is the point where the clear cornea meets the white sclera.
The robust outer tunic of the eye is made up of the cornea and sclera, which withstands the intraocular pressure from within and shields the contents from external mechanical harm. The cornea is the main structural element of the eye's optical system, and it is the interface between the cornea and the air that contributes the majority of the eye's total dioptric power—nearly three-quarters. It is translucent, curved, and has smooth surfaces that meet high optical requirements. Its exterior surface in particular is smooth. The mammalian eye's globe generally resembles a spherical, occasionally being slightly flattened in the antero-posterior direction so that the curvature of the cornea and sclera are identical.
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genetic tests of humans around the world show that the greatest genetic variation among humans is present in africa. why is that? group of answer choices
Genetic tests of humans show that the greatest genetic variation among humans is present in Africa because, humans originated in Africa and then spread around the world in a series of migratory population bottlenecks. Or in group answer choice is A.
Is Africa the most genetically diverse?Africa, the foremost genetically diverse landmass, is where cutting edge people, Homo sapiens, started. Populaces on other landmasses are plummeted from bunches that moved out of Africa numerous tens of thousands of a long time back. Too African populaces appear solid designs of nonrandom mating. Various relocations to Africa all through early human history have expanded hereditary differing qualities there..Anatomically present day people likely originated in Africa, experiencing populace bottlenecks as a few cleared out to colonize the rest of the world. Since these occasions are decently later, as a result of broad quality stream inside major human populaces, most hereditary variety can be found inside major human populaces.Learn about genetic variation here: brainly.com/question/848479
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the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hco3− into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity.
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hco3− into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity due to pancreatic ducts. The pancreas secretes bicarbonate and water through epithelial cells in pancreatic ducts. Bicarbonate is a base that is essential for neutralizing the acid that enters the small intestine from the stomach.
1. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and HCO3–, which travel through the pancreatic duct and into the small intestine.
2. The digestive enzymes, including amylase and lipase, break down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
3. HCO3– neutralizes the acidity of the stomach contents, which are normally highly acidic due to the hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach.
4. The neutralized stomach contents then move from the small intestine into the large intestine, where they are further digested and absorbed by the body.
Digestive enzymes are proteins that are produced in the digestive tract and function to break down food molecules into smaller, absorbable components. These enzymes are necessary for the body to obtain the nutrients found in food, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Examples of digestive enzymes include amylase, lipase, and protease.
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which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?
The building blocks of the polypeptides are the amino acids
Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins which are also known as polypeptides. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left behind. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins that help the body.
BCAAs are considered essential because, unlike non-essential amino acids, your body cannot manufacture them. Therefore, it is important to get them from your diet. There are three types of BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Both have branched molecular structures and are considered essential to the human body.
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thinking of the b cell and t cell activation and expansion processes. describe 3 common points and 5 difference between the two processes. (0.5 pt each)
There are millions of these alleles, yet each B or T cell can only detect one antigen per cell. Only activated B and T cells will continue to divide, creating a powerful reservoir of lymphocytes that are specialized to particular pathogens.
In the bone marrow, both types of cells are produced. While T cells travel to the thymus and develop there, B cells develop in the bone marrow. Antigens bind to receptors on the cell surface of B lymphocytes, activating them and causing them to divide and proliferate. MHC class ll molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, present peptide antigens to hyper T cells, activating them.
Antibodies produced and secreted by B cells stimulate the immune system to attack invaders. The primary distinction between T cells and B cells is that whereas B cells can detect the surface antigens of bacteria and viruses, T cells can only recognize viral antigens that are present outside of infected cells.
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If you throw a ball straight up into the air, when is the potential energy the greatest?
When the ball reaches the highest point and stops briefly
Half the distance on the path traveling back down
Right before you catch it after it falls back down
Half the distance on the path traveling up in the air
If you throw a ball straight up into the air- half the distance on the path traveling up in the air, for this the potential energy is the greatest.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is influenced by the relative positions of different system components. A spring's potential energy rises when it is compressed or expanded. When hoisted above the earth as opposed to when it is dropped to Earth, a steel ball has more potential energy.
Any item that is raised out of its resting posture has energy that is stored; this energy is known as potential energy since it has the capacity to produce work when released.
Thus, Half the distance on the path traveling up in the air
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Round 0.2897 to the tenths
place.
0.3
Explanation: The tenths place is the first number after the decimal. The number to the right of this number determines how it will be rounded. If the number to the left of the tenths place is equal to or greater than five, it will round up, meaning in this case, the tenths place will be replaced by a 3. If it is less than 5, it will round down.
the earliest fossil to show primate-like features, purgatorius, was identified by: a) its primate-like dentition b) forward-facing eyes c) large brain size d) possession of nails, not claws on its digits (fingers and toes)
Purgatorius, the earliest known primate, is solely known from isolated teeth and jaw fragments and dates back 65 million years.
Where was the earliest fossilized very early primate found?Palaeontologists have discovered the earliest primate skeleton ever discovered, which belonged to an animal that lived among trees 55 million years ago in what is now central China. A team lead by Ni Xijun from Beijing's Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology found its fossil there.
How did Purgatorius get his name?Researchers now have a clearer idea of how Purgatorius lived thanks to the identification of ankle bones that were discovered in the same location as the teeth. Chester claims that only modern primates and closely related species have the diagnostic mobility traits found in the ankle bones.
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A goal of genomics is to ________.
A) provide a way to produce large quantities of a particular gene product
B) understand the mechanisms that control gene expression
C) manipulate genetic material for human purposes
D) regulate how genes are expressed without changing the protein they encode
PLEASE HELP, TYSM:)
A goal of genomics is to understand the mechanisms that control gene expression.
What is genomics?
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration.
The role of genomics is to study the total or part of the genetic or epigenetic sequence information of organisms and attempts to understand the structure and function of these sequences and of downstream biological products.
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What forces the blood to circulate through vessels in a closed circulatory system?
a.
the notochord
b.
the nerve cord
c.
the cranium
d.
the heart
The heart forces the blood to circulate through vessels in a closed
circulatory system.
What is circulatory system?
The circulatory system is a network of organs and vessels that transport blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and the lymphatic system. The circulatory system is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body, as well as removing waste materials.
What is the Heart?
The heart is a muscular organ responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body. It is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells, and taking away waste products. The heart is divided into four chambers: the right and left atria, and the right and left ventricles. The atria receive blood from the veins, while the ventricles pump blood to the lungs and other parts of the body. The heart also has a network of valves that regulate the flow of blood and help keep it moving in the right direction.
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