B) 1 and 4, Among known plant species, the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species are allopatric speciation and polyploidy.
Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is divided by a physical barrier, such as a river or mountain range, which prevents gene flow between the two populations. Over time, the two populations may accumulate genetic differences that lead to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species. Polyploidy, on the other hand, occurs when a cell or organism has more than two sets of chromosomes. This can occur through a variety of mechanisms, such as the failure of cell division or hybridization between two different species. Polyploidy can lead to the formation of new species by preventing gene flow between individuals with different chromosome numbers. While sexual selection and sympatric speciation can also contribute to the origin of new species, they are not as common in plants as allopatric speciation and polyploidy. Sexual selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when individuals with certain traits are more successful at mating and reproducing. Sympatric speciation occurs when new species arise in the absence of a physical barrier, usually as a result of ecological or behavioral factors that prevent interbreeding between different populations.
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The country of Zombie Land's consumer spending was $200 for
2020. Its investment spending was $6000 and its government
spending was $1000. Its exports were $200, while its imports were
$750. What was Zombie Land's Nominal GDP for 2020?
O $7,200
O $6,650
O $8,150
O $7,750
According to the question zombie Land's Nominal GDP for 2020 is $7,750.
What is GDP?Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a specific period of time. It is the most widely used indicator of a country’s economic health and performance. GDP is often used as a benchmark to compare economic performance between countries. It is also used to compare economic performance over time. In general, a higher GDP indicates a stronger economy. GDP is calculated by adding up the value of all goods and services produced in a year across all sectors of the economy. This includes goods and services produced by businesses, government, and households. Additionally, it includes investments from abroad that are used to produce goods and services.
Zombie Land's Nominal GDP for 2020 can be calculated by adding the four components of aggregate demand (consumer spending, investment spending, government spending, and net exports) together. This gives us ($200 + $6,000 + $1,000 + ($200 - $750)) = $7,750.
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in the following figure, bacterial cells are stained with a purple dye and appear as rods. a gelatinous layer (x) surrounds each bacterial cell and appears white in color in this picture. what is the name given to x?
A gelatinous layer (x) surrounds each bacterial cell and appears white in color in this picture, this is called a capsule.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, which are cells without clearly defined nuclei and organelles that are bound to membranes. Their chromosomes are made up of a single closed DNA circle. From tiny spheres, cylinders, and spiral threads to flagellated rods and filamentous chains, they appear in a variety of sizes and shapes.
A sizable structure shared by many bacteria is the capsule. It is a polysaccharide layer that is present outside of the cell envelope and is therefore included in the bacterial cell's outer envelope. It is a well-organized covering that is difficult to wash off and can lead to a number of ailments.
The capsule refers to the gelatinous covering that surrounds the bacterial species' outer layer.
The two main components of the bacterial plasma membrane are protein and phospholipid.
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what is the name of the differentiation technique that causes bacteria to turn either pink or purple?
Gram staining is the name of the differentiation technique that causes bacteria to turn either pink or purple.
Gram staining is an important staining technique in microbiology. Gram staining is a typical technique for distinguishing two broad groups of bacteria based on differences in cell wall contents. The Gram stain method distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative groups by staining these cells red or violet. A Gram stain is a test that looks for bacteria in areas where an infection is suspected, such as the throat, lungs, genitals, or skin wounds. Gram stains can also be used to detect germs in bodily fluids such as blood or urine.
The initial staining of the slide with crystal violet dye is the first step in gramme staining.
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The separation of the Archaebacteria into a separate domain indicates
A. That these organisms are very different from eubacteria and from eukaryotes.
B. That organisms should never be classified according to how they appear (morphological characteristics).
C. That early taxonomist rushed to classify them without closely examining them.
D. That optical viewing techniques have greatly improved so that we can better view these microorganisms.
E. None of the above.
The separation of the Archaebacteria into a separate domain indicates that these organisms are very different from eubacteria and from eukaryotes.
Single-celled organisms make up the realm of Archaea. These microbes are prokaryotes since they do not have cell nuclei. In the Archaebacteria kingdom, archaea were formerly categorized as bacteria, hence the name archaebacteria. However, this term is no longer used.
The differences between archaeal cells and the bacteria and eukaryotes are due to their special characteristics. Multiple recognised phyla are used to further categorise archaea. Classification is challenging because the majority have not been isolated in a lab and have only been found in ambient samples using their gene sequences. The ability of them to create endospores is uncertain.
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What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science and how did here work impact society?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a component of chromosomes that serves to encode genetic information, was discovered to have a molecular structure by a British scientist most renowned for her contributions to that research.
What Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science?Dr. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction research at King's College contributed to the 1953 discovery of the DNA structure.
She established the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule responsible for carrying out the genetic instructions for the development of all living things, by creating the famous Photo 51.
The diagnosis of genetic abnormalities, and the development of new medications, have all been significantly improved by an understanding of the structure and function of DNA. It is essential for identifying pathogens as well.
Therefore, The exploration of disease pathways, the evaluation of a person's genetic predisposition to particular diseases.
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which food products in the united states are often genetically modified using genetic engineering? which food products in the united states are often genetically modified using genetic engineering?
Corn and soyabean are the food products in the United States that are often genetically modified using genetic engineering.
United States often produces genetically modified food products like corn and soyabean to resist insect pests and tolerate herbicides applied to the crops. GMO corn is reduces the need for fertilizers, and is effective in controlling pest population without them. GMO soy is also produced for animal purposes and is used as a ingredient in processed foods.
Genetically modified organisms, or GMO, are the ones whose genetic material or DNA has been altered using genetic engineering so as to favor the desirable characters. For example, Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton is an example of a GMO that produces proteins or toxins harmful for pests, but are safe for other organisms consuming it.
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What is the most stable personality trait?
According to research, the most stable personality trait is "conscientiousness".
Conscientiousness is a personality trait characterized by being organized, dependable, and self-disciplined. People who score high on conscientiousness tend to be more responsible, reliable, and achievement-oriented. They are good at planning, setting goals, and following through with tasks.
Conscientiousness has been found to be a stable personality trait that remains relatively consistent throughout a person's life. This trait is related to success in various areas of life, such as career, academic achievement, and health outcomes.
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What is one reason primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals? Primates reproduce very rapidly. Primates do not invest in each offspring. Primates have long life spans. Primates have large bodies.
Primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals because primates have long life spans.
Primates have delayed puberty which leads to low fertility and faster brain development. Primates are social animals and most species live and travel in groups. A community has 50 or more individuals who inhabit a geographical area.
The rate of reproduction and length of gestation among primates and among other mammals are also different.
The reason for the slow growth is that the primates utilize the resources of energy for the fast development of their huge brains. Researchers found that Primates burn 50 percent less calories as compared to the other organisms of the same size.
The difference in biological clock might be the reason for the different use of energy between primates and mammals. This dramatically reduced metabolic rate holds account for the slow pace of life of the primates.
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cardiac muscle tissue contains fewer mitochondria than are found in skeletal muscle tissue. true/false
Answer:
true
I hope it helps....
if a diploid animal with 48 chromosomes mated with a diploid animal with 46 chromisomes how many chromosomes would the offspring have
If a diploid animal with 48 chromosomes mated with a diploid animal with 46 chromisomes then chromosome of offspring of these two animals would have 47 chromosomes.
When two organisms with different chromosome numbers mate, the offspring's chromosome number can vary.
A diploid animal with 48 chromosomes (2n=48) is mating with a diploid animal with 46 chromosomes (2n=46) in this case.
The first step is to calculate each parent's haploid number, which is half the diploid number. The haploid number for a 48-chromosome animal is 24, and the haploid number for a 46-chromosome animal is 23.
If they mated, then the chance of survival of the offspring is very less. If it survives, it will have 2n=47 (n=23+1) chromosomes
This is due to the fact that the haploid number of chromosomes from both parents adds up to 47.
Aneuploidy is the medical term for this condition. In this case, it is 'monosomy,' which occurs when one of a pair's chromosomes is missing. (Trisomy is the condition of having one extra COPY of an existing chromosome, but in this case it is an entirely different chromosome without a pair).
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Dark moths began to outnumber white moths in cities after the Industrial Revolution. What is the most likely reason for this change?A)Light-colored moths began to turn black because of factory pollution.B)Light-colored moths were less favored for survival in the new environment.C)Light-colored moths mutated into dark colored moths.D)Light-colored moths began to die due to overpopulation.
The loss of lichens and rise in the abundance of dark-colored moths during England's industrialization were both caused by industrial melanism.
As a result of industrial pollution, the tree trunks darkened and developed soot and smoke deposits that made it impossible for lichens to grow on the tree bark. The white-winged moths were unable to bury themselves among the lichens as a result. As a result, there were more black moths because their predators had a harder time seeing them while doing so with the white-winged moths (due to a reduction in lichens). Natural selection led to the selection of dark species, whereas light ones perished.
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when mismatched blood is administered causing an abo incompatibility, how are the erythrocytes destroyed?
A baby with ABO compatibility is being watched for jaundice by the nurse in the newborn nursery.
When antibodies (IgG or IgM) are directed against extracellular matrix antigens and result in cellular death, tissue damage, or functional loss, this is referred to as a type II hypersensitivity reaction. Antibodies in type II hypersensitivity reactions kill cells. The best examples of this kind of reaction are blood-transfusion reactions, in which host antibodies bind with foreign antigens on incompatible transfused blood cells and cause these cells to perish. Jaundice caused by ABO incompatibility has a certain form. This condition may affect a mother with type O blood and an infant with an A, B, or AB blood type. During pregnancy, mothers may produce antibodies that are damaging to the baby's blood type.
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what’s the answer to this question?
RR is hom--ogenous red
Rr is heter---ogenous red
R is dominant
r is recessive
What is the Puneet square used for?A Punnett square is a graphical representation used in genetics to predict the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype (genetic makeup) based on the genotypes of the parents. The Punnett square is named after Reginald Punnett, the British geneticist who first described it.
The Punnett square is a simple and effective way to visualize the possible outcomes of a genetic cross between two individuals, where the columns represent one parent and the rows represent the other parent. The cells of the Punnett square contain the possible offspring genotypes that result from the combination of alleles (versions of a gene) from each parent.
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CCC Analyze Proportional Relationships In
each species, compare the upper arm to lower arm,
or compare fingers to metacarpals. Can you find any
equivalent ratios?
Answer:
In order to find equivalent ratios, we would need to measure the length of the various bones in each species and then divide the length of one bone by the length of another bone. This will give us the ratio of the two bones, and if this ratio is the same in different species, it would indicate a proportional relationship.
Explanation:
For example, if in species A, the length of the upper arm is 8 inches and the length of the lower arm is 10 inches, the ratio of the upper arm to the lower arm would be 8/10 = 4/5. If in species B, the length of the upper arm is 12 inches and the length of the lower arm is 15 inches, the ratio of the upper arm to the lower arm would be 12/15 = 4/5. Since both species have the same ratio, we can conclude that the upper arm and lower arm are proportional in both species.
Similarly, you could compare the length of the fingers to the length of the metacarpals to find if there is a proportional relationship in different species.
what ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?
Depolarization is caused when positively charged sodium ions rush into a neuron with the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels.
When positively charged sodium ions (Na+) abruptly flood into an open voltage-gated sodium channel in a neuron, it results in the depolarization, also known as the rising phase. The membrane potential actually changes polarity when extra sodium pours in. The membrane develops a temporary positive value (+40 millivolts) during this polarity transition.
Slow sodium channel closure and voltage-gated potassium channel opening result in the repolarization, or falling phase. The membrane's sodium permeability consequently decreases to resting levels. Slow voltage-gated potassium channels open when sodium ion input decreases, allowing potassium ions to quickly exit the cell. The cell's specific negative membrane potential is restored by this expulsion.
Sodium channels reset during the hyperpolarization phase, during which certain potassium channels remain open. Before the potassium channels close, there is a period of enhanced potassium permeability, which leads to an excessive potassium efflux. A small dip that follows the surge indicates that this causes hyperpolarization.
Action potential spread is influenced by refractory periods rather than stimulus intensity. The absolute refractory period is the time from when sodium channels open until they start to reset. No matter how powerful the stimulation, the cell is unable to respond during this time.
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or sensory neurons are those that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the brain and spinal cord.
Afferent as well as sensory neurons are the ones that transmit data to the spinal cord and brain from receptors on the body's periphery.
The spinal cord is where information processing starts after afferent neurons inside the dorsal roots convey impulses from of the body's sense receptors. Efferent motor neurons, that regulate the body's periphery, are found in the ventral horns. Efferent neurons transmit motor information out from the central nervous system to a muscles or glands of the body, whereas afferent neurons transport information from sensory receptors of a skin as well as other organs to a central nervous system. Efferent neurons, also referred to as motor neurons, transmit information from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles as well as other peripheral systems like organs and glands.
(X or sensory neurons are those that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the brain and spinal cord?)
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what the type of allele that is only seen in the homozygous state
Recessive alleles, also known as homozygous alleles, only manifest their effects in individuals who have two copies of the allele.
The allele for blue eyes, for instance, is recessive; as a result, two copies of the 'blue eye' allele are required to have blue eyes.
The word allele refers to various gene versions. According to the traits they are linked to, alleles are classified as dominant or recessive.
Only a homozygous state in an organism allows a recessive allele to express itself. Both the homozygous and heterozygous forms of a dominant allele can express themselves.
In terms of genetics, being homozygous means having inherited the same alleles (versions) of a genomic marker from both biological parents. A person who has two identical copies of a genomic marker is said to be homozygous for that marker. In contrast, a person who has two copies of a particular marker is said to be heterozygous.
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Which example is an internal stimulus
An example of internal stimuli is your vital signs changing due to a change in the body.
What do you mean by internal stimulus?An internal stimulus is the one which arises within the body. Examples of internal stimulus include hunger, thirst, and emotional states. Internal stimuli are factors located inside the body that are detected and cause a response.
For example one of the internal stimuli is hunger which is the sign of low energy in the body. It stimulates us to eat something to regain the needed energy. Blood Pressure: Blood pressure is an internal stimulus of mammals that is measured by receptors in arteries.
Autonomic or spontaneous movements are of three types in plants – variation movements, curvature and growing movement and locomotion movement. This type of plant movement is due to internal stimulus and is relatively independent of external factors.
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Answer:
Explanation:
An example of internal stimuli is your vital signs changing due to a change in the body.
in what way do megasporangia differ from microsporangia?
In contrast to microsporangia, which generate spores that grow into male gametophytes, megasporangia reproduce asexually that become female gametophytes.
What in biology is a megasporangium?Plants' female reproductive system includes the megasporangium. It might also be referred to as an ovule. It is made up of an integument and a nucellus. After maturation, the ovule might change in size and form.
What is the popular name for Megasporangia?- The megasporangium, sometimes referred to as the ovule, is a tiny structure that is joined to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. A area known as the hilum is where the ovule's body and funcle connect. .
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Imagine you are a genetic counselor and a couple has come to you to learn more about their genetics and the effects genetic inheritance will have on their baby. Describe which traits are inherited from parents and an explanation of how they are received from genes. What are common dominant traits in a family? Feel free to use your own family traits if you’d like!
As a genetic counselor, I can help the couple understand which traits their baby might inherit from them. Traits are inherited from parents through genes, which are the basic unit of heredity.
what are Some common dominant traits that can be inherited from parents ?
Widows Peak: This is a hairline that forms a V shape in the center of the forehead.
Cleft chin: This is a distinctive dimple in the center of the chin.
Freckles: These are small brown spots on the skin.
Dimples: These are small indentations on the cheeks or chin.
Bent little finger: This is a finger that curves inward towards the ring finger.
When both parents have the same dominant trait, their child is more likely to inherit that trait. However, if both parents have different dominant traits, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting each trait.
It's important to note that many traits are determined by multiple genes, and inheritance can be complex. As a genetic counselor, I can help the couple understand their genetic risks and provide guidance on how to best plan for the health of their baby.
As a genetic counselor, I can help the couple understand which traits their baby might inherit from them. Traits are inherited from parents through genes, which are the basic unit of heredity. Each person inherits two copies of most genes, one from each parent. Some genes are dominant, meaning that only one copy is needed to express the trait, while others are recessive, requiring two copies to express the trait.
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as a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins___
Veins get larger as it gets closer to the heart just as arteries grow smaller with the distance from heart in circulatory system.
What is circulatory system?A group of organs known as the blood circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood itself, circulates blood throughout the entire body of a human or other animal. It contains the cardiovascular system, sometimes referred to as the vascular system, which is centred on the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and from Latin vascula meaning vessels). The circulatory system is divided into two sections: a systemic circulation or circuit and a pulmonary circulation or circuit. The cardiovascular system or vascular system are other names for the circulatory system. Huge elastic arteries, sizable veins, and numerous smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins that connect with venules make up the network of blood vessels in the heart.
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the wetness of your earwax is a gene/trait controlled by which chromosome?
The ABCC11 gene variant in your DNA controls whether you have moist or dry earwax. The GA and GG genotypes are associated with moist earwax, whereas those with the AA genotype have dry earwax.
What determines whether you inherit dry or wet earwax from your parents?They subsequently discovered that whether a person has moist or dry earwax is determined by the switch of a single DNA unit in the gene. The gene's function appears to be to export chemicals from the cells that make earwax. The one DNA mutation renders the gene inactive, and without its involvement, a person has dry earwax.East Asians frequently have dry earwax while other populations typically have wet earwax.For more information on earwax kindly visit to
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it turns out that, even after taking into account the actual gc content of human dna (~42%), the frequency of cpg in human dna is much lower than predicted by the calculation in part (b). explain why this might be the case.
the actual frequency of CpG dinucleotides in human DNA is much lower than predicted by the calculation in part (b) due to the evolutionary pressure to suppress CpG dinucleotides and limit their potential mutagenic effects.
The lower frequency of CpG in human DNA than predicted by the calculation in part (b) can be attributed to a process known as CpG suppression or CpG depletion. CpG suppression refers to the phenomenon where the frequency of CpG dinucleotides is much lower than expected based on the individual frequencies of C and G nucleotides in a genome. This is because CpG dinucleotides are particularly vulnerable to a type of DNA modification known as methylation, where a methyl group is added to the C nucleotide in the CpG dinucleotide. Methylation of CpG dinucleotides is a common epigenetic modification that can regulate gene expression and other cellular processes. However, over time, methylated CpG dinucleotides are prone to spontaneously deaminate, where the C nucleotide is converted to a T nucleotide. This results in a permanent mutation and a loss of the CpG dinucleotide.
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.
What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science and how did her work impact society?
Rosalind Franklin established that the molecule existed in a helical configuration and, more significantly, identified the density of DNA. Her efforts to improve the clarity of DNA molecule X-ray patterns.
What contribution did Rosalind Franklin make to science?Some would argue that Rosalind Franklin received unfair treatment despite having made a significant contribution to the understanding of the double helix structure of DNA. Brenda Maddox, a biographer, dubbed Franklin the "Dark Lady of DNA" because one of her employees once disparaged Franklin.
Rosalind Franklin, PhD, the brilliant and trailblazing scientist whose Photo 51 discovered the double helix of DNA, was honored with a dedication to our university in 2004. It is served as the basis for Francis Crick and James Watson's 1953 hypothesis that DNA is a double-helix polymer.
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a fossilized skull you unearthed has a carbon-14/carbon-12 ratio about that of the skulls of present-day animals. approximately how many years old is the fossilized skull?
The half-life of carbon-14 is too short to date fossils older than 50,000 years, hence the fossilised skull is too ancient to be determined by carbon dating.
The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 can be used to estimate the age of a fossil since carbon-14 is a radioactive element that decays with time. However, carbon-14 only works for dating anything up to 50,000 years old because of its comparatively short half-life of roughly 5,700 years. Therefore, a fossilised skull is probably younger than 50,000 years old if its carbon-14/carbon-12 ratio is the same as that of modern animals. To provide a more accurate age estimate, further dating techniques like potassium-argon dating or uranium-lead dating could be required.
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if a c3 plant and a c4 plant are placed together in a sealed box with sufficient moisture and a high level of illumination, the c4 plant thrives while the c3 plant sickens and dies. briefly explain.
C3 plant undergoes photo-respiration in the presence of enough moisture and light and thus dies.
When the two plants- C3 and C4- are enclosed in a box with sufficient moisture and a high level of illumination, there is a fixed amount of CO2 available for the plant to take it up and undergo photosynthesis. It uses us all the CO2 available in the box and produces oxygen.
Increased levels of oxygen in the box activates the enzyme, Rubisco, of the C3 plant. This enzyme now oxygenates or fixes oxygen to RuBP instead of CO2. This process is called photorespiration which costs the energy of the plant. Thus, the plant dies of the low CO2 availability.
C4 plants have another enzyme, known as PEP, which helps them to avoid photorespiration. While, C3 plants lack this structure. Hence, C4 plants survive longer in an enclosed vessel than a C4 plant.
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this pattern of drainage usually develops on alternating bands of hard and soft strata are called: group of answer choices dendritic trellis radial annular
This pattern of drainage usually develops on alternatinv bands of hard and soft strata called option B: trellis.
A trellis pattern forms when a river's tributaries are connected at nearly right angles. The trellis pattern occurs where parallel-lying hard and soft rocks are present. The stream patterns within a drainage basin are influenced by the terrain's slope, the underlying rock structure, the local climate, and other factors. Radial, dendritic, trellis, and rectangular ones are among these patterns.
An annular pattern, commonly referred to as a "circular pattern," is created when the tributaries of the main downstream streams develop in a circular pattern. Such a pattern has grown over a mature, dissected dome mountain that is divided into bands of hard and soft rock beds that alternate.
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briefly discuss the early evolution of life, from the first organisms to the development of photosynthesis and oxygen production.
The process of cellular respiration must have access to oxygen in order to take place in all multicellular organisms, including both plants and animals. Cells go through cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen gas, generating energy from food. Water and carbon dioxide are byproducts of the process. These organisms transform the chemical energy for use in metabolic processes within the body.
What is evolution ?Evolution is the transformation in a biological population's genetic make-up over many generations. These characteristics are the manifestations of genes that pass from one parent to the next during reproduction.
There are several patterns that evolution may adopt throughout time. Predation pressures and environmental conditions can have a variety of consequences on how the evolution of the species exposed to them. shows the three main types of evolution—divergent, convergent, and parallel—in action.
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all members of the sarcodina phylum resemble the amoeba in that they have no difinite shape true or false
True. A subclass of the taxonomic phylum Sarcomastigophora. It includes the organisms known for their ability to move through cytosolic flow or by pseudopods, such as amoebas, heliozoans, rediozoa, and foraminifera.
Rhizopods and actinopods are classified as Sarcodina, or sarcodines. This group of protozoans develop pseudopodia for the majority of their life span. Only at the beginning of there own life cycle may flagella be present. Sarcodines are members of the family Amoeba (see amoeba) as well as pathogenic species, such as the Entamoeba histolytica that causes dysentery. The pellicle (or envelope), which is typically thin and flexible, can be circular or irregular in shape in these protozoans' cells. There may occasionally be an external shell or skeleton (see foraminiferan) (see radiolarian). More than one nucleus may be present in the cytoplasm, which is made up of ectoplasm and endoplasm. Food that sticks to the skin of the body or gets caught in pseudopodia is absorbed in food vacuoles.
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place in order the sensation and perception processes from the time the rainbow is first detected by the eye to when it is perceived by the brain is called___
Processing of the images coming from your retina starts. The visual cortex, which has six layers, is the first part of your brain to analyse and recognize what it sees. Form, color, and motion perception are processed as well as depth perception inside these layers.
What is the sensation and perception processes?Visual perception is the ability to understand our surroundings using the light that reaches our eyes.
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which are only viewed visually, have drawn particular attention to the visual perception of colours, patterns, and structures.
The ability of the human eye to retain a picture of an item in the eye for a very little period of time even after the object has been removed is known as persistence of vision.
Therefore, the rainbow is first detected by the eye to when it is perceived by the brain is called visual perception.
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