Chemistry High School

An ammonia solution has a pH of 11.30, what is the H3O+ concentration in this solution

A.) 5.0 x 10 ^ -23 M
B.) 2.0 x 10 ^ -9 M
C.) 5.0 x 10 ^ -12 M
D.) 2.0 x 10 ^ 11 M

Answers

Answer 1

The H₃O+ concentration in the ammonia solution with a pH of 11.30 is approximately option C.) 5.0 x [tex]10 ^-^1^2[/tex]  M.

Ammonia (NH₃) is a weak base that can undergo a reaction with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) and ammonium ions (NH₄+). In this reaction, water acts as an acid, donating a proton (H+) to the ammonia molecule.

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of H₃O+ ions in a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the H₃O+ concentration. Therefore, to find the H₃O+ concentration, we need to convert the given pH value to a concentration.

Given that the pH of the ammonia solution is 11.30, we can use the formula pH = -log[H₃O+] to find the concentration of H₃O+. Rearranging the equation, we have [H₃O+] = [tex]10^(^-^p^H^)[/tex].

Substituting the given pH value into the equation, we get [H₃O+] = [tex]10^(^-^1^1^.^3^0^)[/tex]. Calculating this value yields approximately 5.0 x [tex]10^(^-^1^2^)[/tex] M.

Therefore, the correct answer is: C.) 5.0 x [tex]10 ^-^1^2 M[/tex]

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Related Questions


Discuss 50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE as one of the Priority Chemical
List (PCL). The following are to be included in the discussion:
a. Nature
b. Characteristics
c. Health Effects
d. Environmental Effects

Answers

To mitigate the adverse effects of formaldehyde, various regulations and guidelines have been implemented to limit its emissions and exposure in both occupational and consumer settings.

a. Nature of Formaldehyde (CAS number 50-00-0):
Formaldehyde is a colorless, strong-smelling gas with the chemical formula CH2O. It is a naturally occurring compound found in the environment and is also produced as a byproduct of certain biological processes. It is highly reactive and easily forms compounds with other chemicals.

b. Characteristics of Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and has several important characteristics:
- Strong Odor: It has a pungent, irritating odor that is detectable even at low concentrations.
- Volatility: Formaldehyde readily evaporates into the air from liquids or solids.
- Water Solubility: It is highly soluble in water.
- Flammability: Formaldehyde is highly flammable and can ignite at relatively low temperatures.
- Chemical Reactivity: It readily reacts with many substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.

c. Health Effects of Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde is considered a priority chemical due to its potential adverse health effects. Exposure to formaldehyde can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Some of the health effects associated with formaldehyde exposure include:
- Irritation: Formaldehyde is a strong irritant to the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system. It can cause coughing, wheezing, and respiratory distress.
- Allergies: It can cause allergic reactions, including skin rashes, itching, and dermatitis.
- Carcinogenicity: Formaldehyde is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Prolonged exposure to high levels of formaldehyde has been associated with an increased risk of nasopharyngeal cancer and other types of cancer, such as leukemia.
- Asthma and Respiratory Disorders: Formaldehyde exposure has been linked to the development or exacerbation of asthma and other respiratory disorders.
- Sensory and Neurological Effects: High concentrations of formaldehyde can cause sensory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and impaired cognitive function.

d. Environmental Effects of Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde can have adverse effects on the environment as well. Some key environmental considerations include:
- Air Pollution: Formaldehyde is a significant contributor to indoor air pollution. It is released from various sources such as building materials, furniture, and consumer products, leading to poor indoor air quality.
- Ozone Formation: Formaldehyde is involved in the formation of ground-level ozone, a major component of smog, through reactions with other air pollutants in the presence of sunlight.
- Water Contamination: Formaldehyde can contaminate water bodies through industrial discharges, improper waste disposal, or runoff from formaldehyde-containing products. It can negatively affect aquatic organisms and ecosystems.

To mitigate the adverse effects of formaldehyde, various regulations and guidelines have been implemented to limit its emissions and exposure in both occupational and consumer settings. Proper ventilation, use of formaldehyde-free products, and adherence to safety measures can help reduce the risks associated with formaldehyde.

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7. Please explain n and p doing of silicon semiconductor. (1pt)

Answers

N-type silicon semiconductors contain  more valence electrons than silicon and P-type contain fewer valence electrons than silicon.

A semiconductor is a material that has conductivity somewhere between that of an insulator and that of a conductor.

Semiconductors are also characterized by their electrical conductivity and by their ability to be modified based on the addition of impurities known as doping.

N-type silicon semiconductors are formed by doping silicon with a small amount of impurities that contain more valence electrons than silicon.

The added electrons from these impurities form a negative charge that allows current to flow through the material.

P-type silicon semiconductors are formed by doping silicon with a small amount of impurities that contain fewer valence electrons than silicon.

The added "holes" created by these impurities allow current to flow through the material by accepting electrons from the n-type material.

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