an anatomy student observes muscle fibers under the microscope. the cells are striated and form y-shaped branches. the muscle tissue observed must be

It has a plasma membrane this lab procedure is the best to use to determine whether a newly discovered single-celled organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Plasma is a pale yellow liquid that develops when the blood is separated from the remainder of it. Salts, enzymes, and water are transported by plasma. Plasma's basic task is to carrier proteins, hormones, and nutrients to the body's many organs. Moreover, plasma is where cells dump their waste.

Eukaryotic cells contain internal cellular bodies, while prokaryotic cells have not. Both bacteria and archaea are two types of prokaryotes. Protists, fungi, plants, and animals constitute eukaryotic (everything except prokaryotes).

Plasma membranes are present in every eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells are those that have the cytoskeleton, organelles surrounded by cytoplasm, and nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope. Eukaryotic cells include human cells.

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The term "viable" when used to describe a fetus means that it is able to survive outside the womb. Therefore, the correct answer is option c) is able to survive outside the womb.

A viable fetus has developed enough to be able to live and grow outside of the uterus, even though it may still need medical support. It is important to note that the term "viable" does not necessarily mean that the fetus is fully developed or ready to be born, but rather that it has reached a stage where it has a chance of survival outside of the womb. The age of viability for a fetus is around 24 weeks.

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Bacterial growth curves typically exhibit four distinct growth phases, four growth phases are lag phase, log phase, stationary phase and death phase.

The bacterial growth progresses in four phases namely – lag phase, log phase, stationary phase and death phase . The initial phase is the lag phase where bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing. The exponential or log phase is a time of exponential growth. In the stationary phase, growth reaches a plateau as the number of dying cells equals the number of dividing cells.

The lag phase is generally thought to be a period during which the cells adjust to a new environment before the onset of exponential growth. Characterizing the lag phase in microbial growth curves has importance in food sciences, environmental sciences, bioremediation and in understanding basic cellular processes.

The stationary phase is a porous solid (e.g., glass, silica, or alumina) that is packed into a glass or metal tube or that constitutes the walls of an open-tube capillary. The mobile phase flows through the packed bed or column.

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The majority don't create any issues, but if they escape and enter your bile ducts, they may. Gallstones are deposits that digestive fluid that have solidified and can develop in the gallbladder.

Cholelithiasis is the term for gallstone disease. Gallstones are sometimes referred to as cholelithiasis by doctors.  Just below your liver on the right side of the abdomen is your gallbladder, a little, pear-shaped organ. Bile, a digestive fluid stored in the gallbladder, is discharged into the small intestine. When the gallbladder's chemical equilibrium is off, they may develop. As they go through the biliary system, if they are big enough, they could clog a bile duct. a gallstone especially in the gall bladder being present.

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By the following ways genotype of the green seeds are determined

If green seeds are recessive and yellow seeds are dominant, then the genotype of green seeds would be "rr".

The lowercase "r" represents the recessive allele for green color, and since both alleles in a homozygous genotype are the same, we use two lowercase "r" letters to indicate that the individual has two copies of the recessive allele.

In contrast, the genotype for yellow seeds would be either "YY" (homozygous dominant) or "Yy" (heterozygous dominant), where the uppercase "Y" represents the dominant allele for yellow color.

It's important to note that the phenotype (observable trait) is determined by the combination of alleles, with dominant alleles always expressed over recessive alleles

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Answer:

Mitocondria

Explanation:

The corals that are principally responsible for establishing the foundations of reef structures and building them up. These reef formation secretes a calcium carbonate structures.

Coral is a member of the Anthozoa class of the Cnidaria animal kingdom, which also contains sea anemones and jellyfish. Corals, unlike sea anemones, develop strong carbonate exoskeletons that support and protect them.

Most reefs thrive in water that is warm, shallow, transparent, bright, and agitated. Coral reefs initially developed 485 million years ago, at the beginning of the Early Ordovician, replacing the Cambrian microbial and sponge reefs.

Shallow coral reefs, often known as sea rainforests are home to some of the most varied ecosystems on the planet. They cover less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, or around half the size of France, yet they support at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crabs, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates, and other cnidarians.

Coral reefs thrive in nutrient-depleted ocean conditions. They are most typically found at shallow depths in tropical oceans, however deep water and cold water coral reefs can be found on lesser sizes elsewhere.

Coral reefs have declined by 50% since 1950, partly because they are sensitive to water conditions. They are under threat from excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), rising ocean heat content and acidification, overfishing (e.g., from blast fishing, cyanide fishing, spearfishing on scuba), sunscreen use, and harmful land-use practices, including runoff and seeps (e.g., from injection wells and cesspools).

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Answer:

Coral Reefs

Explanation:

Correct one edge 2023

3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs works as hubs for post-transcriptional control that targets the microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).

In general , the Sequences in 3' UTRs goes for alterations in mRNA stability, helps in mRNA localization to various subcellular regions, and impart translational control. Hence , The 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs works as a hubs for  purpose of post-transcriptional modification and control.

Also , the 3′ UTRs region is responsible for regulating the local protein synthesis in dendrites and synapses .While during addition in spatial organization of protein production, 3′ UTRs  works as an regulators of temporal protein production.

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Materials in which all of the fibers run in one direction giving strength in that direction are known as unidirectional.

Any synthetic or natural substance that is significantly broader than it is long is referred to as a fibre. Fibers are used to make a number of additional materials. The strongest engineering materials frequently include fibres, such as carbon fibre and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. For clothes, natural fibres have several advantages over synthetic ones, including comfort, although on occasion, they can be produced more cheaply and in bigger quantities.

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Allopatric speciation and polyploidy are the two most often occurring mechanisms that have resulted in the emergence of new plant species.

An organism is said to be polyploid if it contains more than two complete sets of chromosomes in each of its cells. It can be caused either naturally or intentionally using methods like colchicine therapy. In plants, polyploidy is frequent, and many significant agricultural species, including wheat, cotton, and bananas, are polyploid. Although less frequently, it can also happen to animals. By prohibiting interbreeding between polyploid and diploid organisms, polyploidy can result in the emergence of new species. A greater genetic diversity, larger cells, and a stronger tolerance to external challenges are just a few examples of the evolutionary benefits it can offer. Additionally, polyploidy has a big impact on agriculture and plant breeding.

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A natural disaster that resulted in the loss of genetic diversity in a population would be an example of a bottleneck effect.

A natural disaster is when a natural hazard actually occurs and causes considerable harm to a community. Economic repercussions are frequently left behind by a natural disaster in addition to human casualties or physical harm. The amount of damage depends on the infrastructure's accessibility and the population's adaptability. Avalanches, coastal flooding, cold waves, droughts, earthquakes, hail, heat waves, hurricanes (tropical cyclones), ice storms, landslides, lightning, riverine flooding, strong winds, tornadoes, typhoons, tsunamis, volcanic activity, wildfires, and winter weather are just a few of the numerous types of natural disasters that can happen.

The complete question is:

A natural disaster that resulted in the loss of genetic diversity in a population would be an example of a

a) genetic drift

b) founder effect

c) bottleneck effect

d) natural selection

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Mating preferences are complex and can be influenced by many factors. Dodd's experiments provide a useful starting point for investigating the role of adaptation in reproductive isolation and speciation.

Diane Dodd's experiments with fruit fly populations involved dividing the population and raising them on different diets for 40 generations. The populations adapted to their respective diets, becoming more efficient at digesting the specific nutrients provided by their food source

Dodd then put flies from the same or differently adapted populations in mating cages and measured mating frequencies. By doing so, she could test whether the adaptation to different diets had any effect on mating preferences and behavior. She also performed control experiments to ensure that any differences observed were not due to random factors.

The results of Dodd's experiments are not provided in the question, so it is difficult to provide a detailed interpretation without them. However, in general, if flies from the same adapted population mated more frequently than those from differently adapted populations, it would suggest that the adaptation to different diets has led to reproductive isolation between the populations. This could be a sign of incipient speciation, where the two populations are becoming genetically distinct and may eventually form separate species.

On the other hand, if there were no significant differences in mating frequencies between the populations, it would suggest that the adaptation to different diets has not led to reproductive isolation. This could be because the genetic differences between the populations are not yet large enough to prevent interbreeding or because there are other factors that are more important in determining mating preferences, such as visual or olfactory cues.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

Water and minerals are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant through the xylem.

During meiosis II, when the sister chromatids separate and are dispersed at random among the offspring cells, the gametes, there is a third source of genetic variety. Meiosis I crossover results in non-identical chromatids in meiosis II chromosomes.

In germ cells, a process called meiosis is used for cell division. The paternal and maternal chromosomes' haphazard alignment during meiosis I can result in variance. Variation is also brought about by the sharing of genetic information across homologous chromosomes. Genetic diversity is also produced in meiosis II by the sister chromatids' haphazard orientation. Independent assortment and crossing over are two mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation in meiosis. During metaphase of meiosis I, a distinct collection of homologous chromosomes occurs.

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The cell cycle is series of events that take place from one cell division to the next.

The sequence of activities that occur in a cell prior to its division and duplication is known as the cell cycle (replication).

Cells go through a continuous process called the cell cycle, which comprises two main stages: the mitotic phase and interphase (G1, S, G2) (M).

The cell physically divides into two daughter cells during the mitotic phase, each of which has an identical set of chromosomes. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase are all included in this phase.

The growth, development, and maintenance of organisms all depend on the cell cycle. Diseases like cancer can be caused by abnormalities in the cell cycle.

Thus, from one cell division to the next, cell cycle occurs.

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Costal facets are found on the thoracic vertebrae.

Costal facets are small, synovial articulations found between the anterior and posterior tubercles of the ribs. They are formed by the junction of the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra. These facets act as gliding joints, which allow the rib to move during respiration. They also provide stability to the thoracic spine, allowing it to support the weight of the thorax and its organs. In addition, costal facets provide a way for muscles to attach to the ribs. This allows for the rib cage to expand and contract during breathing. The costal facets also play a role in providing cushioning between the rib and vertebral joint, helping to increase comfort and reduce the risk of injury.

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A waxing gibbous happens as the moon travels from the position 3 to position 4. Therefore, the correct option is C.

A waxing gibbous moon is a phase of the moon that occurs between a first quarter moon and a full moon. During this phase, the illuminated portion of the moon appears to be more than half but not fully illuminated, as seen from the perspective of an observer on Earth.

The term “waxing” means that the illuminated portion of the moon is increasing in size, while “gibbous” means that the moon appears to be more than half but less than fully illuminated.

This phase of the moon is visible in the sky during the afternoon and evening, rising in the east in the mid-afternoon and setting in the west in the early morning. Therefore, the correct option is C.

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The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,

Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?

A. New moon

B. Full moon

C. Waxing gibbous

D. Half moon

It is unknown what a person's precise genotype is if they have a dominant phenotype.

For instance, the genotype for the phenotype of brown eyes could be heterozygous. Explanation: A dominant characteristic is one that outweighs a recessive trait. The genotype of the dominant trait may be homozygous or heterozygous. A person may have a heterozygous genotype for a trait, for instance, if the brown eye has a dominant phenotype. The dominant allele may be one of the two, while the recessive allele may be the other. In this situation, the dominant trait obscures the effect of the recessive trait. As a result, despite having a heterozygous genotype, the organism exhibits the dominant phenotype.

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Older monozygotic twins showed remarkably different histone acetylation and 5-methylcytosine DNA concentration across their genomes.

Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are produced when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in the fertilized egg dividing into two. Identical twins always have the same sex and have the same genome.

The difference between monozygotic twins based on epigenetics is that older monozygotic twins showed remarkably different histone acetylation and 5-methylcytosine DNA concentration across their genomes.

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C). Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the transport process which is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a type of endocytosis that uses cell surface receptor proteins to capture specific target molecules. Receptors, which are transmembrane proteins, cluster in regions of the plasma membrane known as coated pits.

As the name suggests, receptor-mediated endocytosis is specific for substances recognized by cell surface receptors. Exocytosis is usually the secretion of large macromolecules. Receptor-mediated endocytosis, also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is the process by which cells take up metabolites, hormones, proteins, and sometimes viruses by budding inward through the plasma membrane. Endocytosis is a sort of active transport that transfers particles inside cells such as big molecules, portions of cells, or complete cells.

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Complete question :

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

A) phagocytosis

B) pinocytosis

C) receptor-mediated endocytosis

D) secondary active transport

Transient bacteria removed by proper hand washing, the resident bacteria live deeper in the stratum corneum and are more difficult to remove.

The transient bacteria live primarily on the surface of the stratum corneum and are easily removed by proper hand washing. The resident bacteria live deeper in the stratum corneum and are more difficult to remove.

Most transient bacteria present on the hands are removed during the mechanical action of washing, rinsing and drying hands. Hand washing with soap and running water must be performed when hands are visibly soiled.

Plain or normal soap are used to remove transient microorganisms.

The stomach produces acid which destroys many of the microbes that enter the body in food and drink. Urine as it flows through the urinary system flushes microbes out of the bladder and urethra.

Many bacteria treatment systems involve the addition of a chemical to kill or inactivate, but bacteria can be removed physically by filtration or through the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

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To ensure that both the ginkgo biloba and pine trees are pollinated, the landscape designer will need to have at least two of each tree.

Ginkgo biloba and pine trees are both gymnosperms, a type of plant that produces seeds without the use of flowers or fruit. Instead, they rely on wind to carry their pollen from the male cones (strobili) to the female cones for fertilization.

For successful fertilization to occur, the pollen from the male cones needs to come into contact with the female cones of the same species. This means that both the ginkgo biloba and pine trees need to have at least one male tree and one female tree to produce viable seeds.

Since the ginkgo biloba and pine trees are separate sexes (dioecious), this means that the landscape designer will need to have at least two of each tree, one male and one female, to ensure that they can cross-pollinate and produce seeds.

However, it is worth noting that some varieties of ginkgo biloba are monoecious, which means that both male and female reproductive structures can be found on the same tree. In this case, a single tree could produce viable seeds without the need for another tree.

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When changing from state 1 to state 2, the fluidity of the cell membrane increases. As the temperature increases, the membrane becomes more unstable and very fluid. Lowering the temperature slows down the membrane fluidity.

Key factors that affect cell membrane fluidity: Body temperature, cholesterol, types of phospholipid fatty acids that make up cell membranes. These factors alter the spacing and interactions between phospholipids and cell membrane fluidity. Membrane permeability is affected by temperature, the types of solutes present, and the degree of cell hydration.

(1) The cell membrane is a thin envelope that forms a closed boundary. (2) Cell membranes are composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. (3) Cell membrane consists of phospholipid bilayer. (4) Cell membranes are linked together by non-covalent bonds. (5) Membranes are fluid-like structures. 

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A species lives in a tropical rainforest where it feeds upon vegetation the decrease in there number due to various condition are most likely to cause this species to become extinct.

A species lives in a tropical rainforest where it feeds upon vegetation, deforestation is most likely to cause this species to become extinct.

The reason includes: Habitat loss and fragmentation: It includes the reasons that either destroy the natural habitat of these organisms or pollute it. Overexploitation: many species have been hunted and used by animals for their own need.

Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction.

The most common pressures causing deforestation and severe forest degradation are agriculture, unsustainable forest management, mining, infrastructure projects and increased fire incidence and intensity.

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Each myofibril consists of repeating units called sarcomeres, which are the functional units of skeletal muscle tissue.

Sarcomeres are made up of two types of protein filaments: thick filaments and thin filaments. The thick filaments are composed mainly of myosin, a motor protein that interacts with the thin filaments to generate muscle contractions. The thin filaments are made up of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin, which regulate the interaction between myosin and actin.

The arrangement of the thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere gives skeletal muscle its characteristic striated appearance. The thick filaments are located in the center of the sarcomere, while the thin filaments are attached to the Z-discs at the ends of the sarcomere.

When the muscle contracts, the myosin heads on the thick filaments bind to the actin on the thin filaments, pulling them towards the center of the sarcomere and causing the muscle to shorten. This process is known as the sliding filament theory, and it is the basis for all muscle contractions.

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When an organism has two recessive alleles, its gene forms, the recessive trait manifests.

A biological organism that can perform the functions of life, whether it is a human, plant, or animal, thanks to organs with specialized functions but interdependent connections. organismic. An organism is a living being with an organized structure, the ability to respond to stimuli, the capacity to reproduce, develop, adapt, or maintain homeostasis. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.

Every living creature is made up of cells, that are regarded as the fundamental building blocks of life. Even one-celled organisms are sophisticated! Atoms produce molecules, which in turn produce the cell organelles as well as other structures. Similar cells form tissues in multicellular organisms. Anything with life and cells as its fundamental unit of organization is considered a living entity. Humans, fungus, algae, trees, animals, bacteria, protozoa, and insects are examples of living things.

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Answer:

Osmoregulation is the control of water levels and mineral ions (salt) in the blood. Water levels and mineral ions in the blood are controlled to keep the concentrations the same inside the cells as around them. This protects cells by stopping too much water from entering or leaving them by osmosis.

Answer:

The ureters play a role in osmoregulation by transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder. In situations where there is too little water, the kidneys conserve water by producing a concentrated urine, which is then transported to the bladder by the ureters. On the other hand, in situations where there is too much water, the kidneys produce a dilute urine, which is also transported to the bladder by the ureters. By regulating the volume and concentration of urine, the ureters help the body maintain a proper balance of water and electrolytes.

Explanation:

Tell me if you still confus:)

ALLEN

The organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell" is the mitochondrion. This nickname is attributed to the organelle's primary function, which is to produce ATP

Mitochondria are found in almost all eukaryotic cells and are typically most abundant in cells with high energy demands, such as muscle cells. They are double-membrane organelles with an outer membrane and an inner membrane that is highly folded, forming structures called cristae. The inner membrane contains enzymes that are involved in the electron transport chain, a process that generates a proton gradient that is used to produce ATP.

In addition to energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other important cellular processes, such as calcium signaling, cell differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.

In summary, mitochondria are called the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are responsible for generating ATP, the molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.

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Our kidneys eliminate waste from our bodies through urine. When your blood contains too much waste and your body does not produce enough urine, crystals accumulate in your kidneys. These crystals attract additional wastes and chemicals, resulting in the formation of a solid item (a kidney stone) that will grow unless it is passed out of your body in urine.

What are the different forms of kidney stones?

Kidney stones are classified into four types:

Calcium deposits

The most prevalent form of kidney stone is calcium stone. They are caused by the reaction of calcium in your urine with oxalate (a natural substance found in most foods). These develop when you don't receive enough water or calcium.

Uric crystals

Uric stones are another form of kidney stone. High quantities of a natural chemical called purine (found in various meats and shellfish) in your body can lead to high levels of a molecule called urate, which can cause kidney stones.

Struvite crystals

Struvite stones are uncommon compared to calcium and uric stones. Struvite stones can occur when bacteria from upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) enter your urinary tract.

Cystine crystals

Cystine stones are produced by cystinuria, an uncommon illness that runs in families. Cystinuria is a phenomenon in which a naturally occurring chemical known as cystine seeps into the urine. Kidney stones can form when your urine contains an excessive amount of cystine. These stones might become trapped in your kidneys, bladder, or anywhere else in your urinary tract. The majority of cystinuric people will acquire multiple stones during their lives. It is a chronic illness that can be managed but not cured.

Kidney stones (sometimes referred to as renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis) are mineral and salt deposits that form within your kidneys.

Among the various causes of kidney stones include diet, excess body weight, certain medical disorders, and certain supplements and drugs. Kidney stones can cause problems in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys and bladder.

Stones form when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and bind together.

Kidney stones can be uncomfortable to pass, but if diagnosed early enough, they typically do not cause permanent harm. Depending on your circumstances, you may only need to take pain medication and drink plenty of water to pass a kidney stone.

Surgery may be necessary in some circumstances, such as when stones become lodged in the urinary tract, are associated with a urinary infection, or cause complications.

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False. There are no known multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls.

The class of organisms known as eukaryotes has complex cells that are distinguished by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They differ from prokaryotes, single-celled creatures that don't have these characteristics. A wide variety of species, including plants, mammals, fungi, and protists, are classified as eukaryotes. They come in a wide range of sizes and shapes and can be either unicellular or multicellular. Prokaryotic cells are often smaller and less complicated than eukaryotic cells, which may perform a wider variety of biological functions. Eukaryotic cell formation was a critical stage in the genesis of sophisticated life on Earth.

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