A high K value (higher than 1) denotes an equilibrium with more products than reactants, whereas a low K value (less than 1) denotes an equilibrium with more reactants than products.
The equilibrium constant's value reveals whether a reaction is beneficial or unfavorable. Favorable reactions have a Keq value greater than 1, which indicates that energy is liberated throughout the reaction and that the reactants have a higher energy than the products. A spontaneous cell response changes free energy in the negative. The equilibrium constant for these reactions is significantly greater than 1. For these reactions, the value of the standard cell potential is positive.
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Which class of acid will have an increased concentration in someone who is suffocating?.
Someone who is suffocating will have a higher concentration of volatile class of acids.
How do volatile acids work?These are essentially the saprophytes waste materials. Short-chain fatty acids like acetic, propionic, and butyric acids are some of these waste products. Because they can be distilled at atmospheric pressure, these substances are known as volatile acids.
Why does acid become volatile?Chemical substances that quickly vaporize are called volatile acids. The high vapor pressure at standard room temperature causes this quick evaporation. As a result, volatile acids can vaporize without the use of heat or any other external force.
What acid has the highest volatility?HCl has the lowest boiling point and is the most volatile.
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Semiconductor materials with band gaps greater than 3. 5 ev are considered to be a?.
Semiconductor materials are categorized as insulators if their band gaps are bigger than 3 and 5 eV.
What is the main idea here?Due to the low but finite band gap energy of semiconductor materials, an electron can easily transition from the valence band to the conduction band in the presence of external thermal energy. A semiconductor material's typical band gap energy range is 0.5eV–3eV.
What are the semiconductor materials' band gaps?Wide-bandgap materials have bandgaps above 2 eV, in contrast to conventional semiconductors like silicon, whose bandgaps are in the range of 0.6 to 1.5 eV.
What are semiconductors of the p type ?In a p-type semiconductor, holes make up the majority of the carriers while electrons make up the minority.
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Energy is given off during a chemical reaction because ____________________ are combining with other __________________________.
Answer:
electrons are combining with other electrons
What is the estimated effective nuclear charge, zeff, experienced by an electron in a 3p orbital of a chlorine atom?.
The estimated effective nuclear charge, Zeff, that an electron in an atom of chlorine experiences is seven.
Effective nuclear charge: What is it?The net positive charge that an electron in an atom experiences is known as effective nuclear charge. The overall positive charge of the nucleus is typically higher than the effective nuclear charge (nuclear charge). The inner orbital electrons' protective shielding effect is responsible for the electron's reduction in nuclear charge.
How do we determine it?We use the following formula to determine Z eff for electron:
Z eff is equal to Z - S, where S is the average electron density between the nucleus and the electrons under consideration and Z is the number of protons in the nucleus.
Thus, Zeff = 17 - 10 (core electrons) = 7
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A Blank______ produces new matter with new and different properties. Multiple choice question. A) physical change B) chemical property C) chemical change D) physical property
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:
3-bromo-2-chlorobenzaldehyde
on the 3 carbon you have bromine, 2 carbon you have chlorine, and on the 1 carbon you have an aldehyde
3-bromopropanal
on the 3 carbon you have a bromine,since there are 3 carbons it's propane but one carbon is an aldehyde so the suffix has to be -propanal
How will you identify the chiral molecule?
In order to determine a chiral molecule, it is checked if the molecule has one or more stereocenters.
What are chiral molecules?Chiral molecules are molecules whose mirror images cannot be superimposed on each other.
Chiral molecules have a chiral center or a stereocenter.
The chiral center of the stereocenter in a chiral molecule is the central atom to which four different chemical species are bonded.
The general rule to determine a chiral molecule is to check for at least one chiral center or stereocenter in the molecule.
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Using photoelectron spectroscopy, the ionization energy of the least tightly bound valence electron on Al was determined to be 6.00 eV. Calculate the Zeffective for this electron.
The effective nuclear charge of the electron in the least tightly bound orbital is 3.97.
What is photoelectron spectroscopy?The term photoelectron spectroscopy is a type of spectroscopic technique that is useful when we want to determine the different positions of an electron in an atom. This is why we have to look at the ionization energy of the electron when we are looking at the valence shell.
We know that;
IE = 13.6 Zeff/n^2
IE = ionization energy
n = Shell where the valence electron is found
Zeff = effective nuclear charge
Substituting values;
Zeff = IE * n^2/13.6
Zeff = 6 * (3)^2/13.6
Zeff = 3.97
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A group of students is debating the use of genetically-engineered crops on farms near their town. Some of the students are presenting the
benefits of using genetically-engineered crops.
How do genetically-engineered crops reduce the impacts of farming on the environment?
OA. Genetically-engineered crops can grow without the use of water or sunlight.
OB. Genetically-engineered crops sometimes require less water and fewer pesticides to grow.
C. Genetically-engineered crops grow only in specific areas and do not spread into natural ecosystems.
OD. Genetically-engineered crops increase the biodiversity of native plants in the areas in which they grow.
Answer:
OB. Genetically-engineered crops sometimes require less water and fewer pesticides to grow.
Explanation:
calculate the mass of NaOH that must be dissolved to form 100mL of a 1.00mol/L sodium hydroxide solution.
Take 0. 4h NaOH in a beaker. Dissolve it Hilly by adding a touch amount of water. Then, once more add water to make it 100ml.0.1 mole of NaOH is present in the 1. 0 L.
Sodium hydroxide is a corrosive white crystalline stable and when diluted in a 50% solution can neutralize acids in diverse commercial strategies. it may additionally be used to fabricate many ordinary merchandises, including paper, aluminum, business drain, oven cleaners, and soap and detergents.
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the system NaOH. it's miles a white solid ionic compound such as sodium cations Na⁺ and hydroxide anions OH⁻.
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If the magnesium you weighed was oxidized (MgO) rather than pure magnesium, how would this affect the subscript of Chlorine in the formula? (Formula is Magnesium Chloride)
Magnesium is oxidized in a crucible with airborne oxygen, and the masses prior to and following the oxidation are recorded.
What is the purpose of chlorine?Its primary application is as a bleaching in the production of paper and fabric, but is also used to create rubber, pesticides (insecticides), and solvents. To destroy hazardous bacteria, chlorine is added to drinking water & swimming pool water.
Is chlorine bad for people's health?Low levels moderate chlorine exposure can irritate the eyes, throat, and nose. Breathing air chlorine gas at higher concentrations can damage the lung by changing breathing, producing coughing, & changing breathing rate. Severe additional effects can result from chlorine exposure. Chlorine exposure may be harmful to workers.
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a 75g sample of liquid water at 10^C ends up as ice at -10^C. how much energy is involved in this change
The total heat that is involved in this change is 23632.5 J.
What is the energy involved?We know that energy is involved as matter is changing from one state to another and in this case what we have is a 75g sample of liquid water at 10°C ends up as ice at -10°C.
There are are about three steps of the change in the energy;
1) Heat required until the water would change to ice
2) Latent heat of fusion of ice
3) Heat required until the temperature drops to -10°C
Thus;
1) H = mcdT
m = mass of the water
c = specific heat capacity of water
dT = temperature change
H = 75 * 4.18 * (0 - 10)
H = -3135 J
2) Heat of fusion =
H = mL
m = mass of ice
L = latent heat of fusion of ice
336 J g^-1 * 75g
= 25200 J
3) Heat required to decrease the temperature futher
H = 75 * 2.09 * (0 - (-10))
H = 1567.5J
Total heat required = 25200 J + 1567.5J -3135 J
= 23632.5 J
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What would the sunscreen look like if it absorbed all of the visible light that hit it
The reflected light is responsible for the white cast often seen with mineral sunscreens, he says. The absorbed light gets radiated as heat.
What would sunscreen reflect or absorb light?They sit on the exterior of the skin and reflect UV rays away from your skin, “a lot like aegis or mirror would,” George says. Chemical absorbers: Chemical (or organic, meaning carbon-carry) sunscreen ingredients form a thin protective film that sucks up UV radiation before it penetrates the skin. Sunscreen works by blocking and mopping up UV rays through a combination of physical and chemical particles. Physical particles, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are used to mirror UV radiation from the skin sunscreen can either absorb UV rays or scatter them off your skin. Sunscreens that scatter UV light often contain titanium.
So we can conclude that If you've been following sunscreen discourse (evidently this is a thing now) you'll know that mineral sunscreens mostly work by absorbing UV.
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20 POINTS TO FIRST PERSON WITH AN ANSWER! PLEASE HURRY!
In a physical change, the appearance or form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substance does not. However, in a chemical change, the kind of matter changes, and at least one new substance with new properties is formed.
What is the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of ammonium perchlorate in 200.0 mL of water ?
The pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of ammonium perchlorate in 200.0 mL of water is less than pH 1.
calculation:-
Weight of NH4Cl 4 = 5g
Volume of water = 200ml
NH4clo4 Molecules Height = 117.499/ mok
First, we have to find Concentrations like Molarity
M = N/V(ml)x1000
M = wt/m.wt x 1000/v(m)
5/117-49 ×1900/200
= M = 0.212 ≅ 0.2
PH = -log [H+]
= -log [0.2]
= -log [2x[tex]10^{-1}[/tex]]
= 4 -10g2
= 1 - 0.3010
PH = 6990
pH < 1
Ammonium perchlorate is an odorless white sandy powder. Used in analytical chemistry and as an etching and engraving agent. It is also used in animal fats and explosives. Ammonium perchlorate is on the Dangerous Goods List as cited by the DOT and NFPA. This substance is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials and metals.
This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including ammonia and hydrogen chloride. Risk of fire or explosion. Ammonium perchlorate is produced by the reaction of ammonia and perchloric acid. This process is the main outlet for the industrial production of perchloric acid. Salts can also be prepared by salt metathesis reaction of ammonium salts with sodium perchlorate.
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2Cr2+(aq) + Cl2(g) 2Cr3+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
What is the oxidation and reduction half-reactions?
In the given reaction Chromium is getting oxidation and Chlorine is getting reduced
Oxidation occurs when there is loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
Similarly Reduction occurs when there is gain of electrons, loss of oxygen and gain of hydrogen. This is the general way of understanding oxidation and reduction reaction.
Above given is a complete reaction in which we can see that chromium which was as [tex]Cr^{2+}[/tex] in the reactant side then converted into [tex]Cr^{3+}[/tex] in the product, there is a loss of electrons and hence it is a oxidation reaction
[tex]Cr^{2+}[/tex]⇄ [tex]Cr^{3+}[/tex] [Oxidation half cell reaction]
The Reduction half cell reaction is of chlorine because in the reactant side it is [tex]Cl^{0}[/tex] but in product it is [tex]Cl^{-1}[/tex], which shows gain of electrons and hence it is a reduction reaction.
[tex]Cl^{0}[/tex]⇄[tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] [Reduction half cell reaction]
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What are the electron and molecular geometries, respectively, for hydrogen sulfide, h2s?.
Explanation:
Hydrogen sulfide H2 S has the sulfur atom in the center with two individual hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a central sulfur atom. The bonded and lone pairs of electrons will orient as far as possible giving a tetrahedral electron geometry.
a volume of 2 dm³ of nitrogen and 1 dm³ of oxygen, both at a pressure of 101.3 kPa, are put into a container with a volume of 3 dm³. What is the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture?
The partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.59 atm and the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.29 atm.
given that :
pressure = 101.3 kpa = 0.99 atm = 1 atm
volume of nitrogen = 2 dm³ = 2 L
volume of oxygen = 1 dm³ = 1 L
Temperature = 273 K
using ideal gas equation , we get
P V = nRT
moles of nitrogen = P V / RT
= ( 1 × 2 )/ 0.082 × 273
= 2 / 22.38
= 0.08 mol
moles of oxygen = ( 1 ×1 ) / 0.082 × 273
= 0.04 mol
now, P V = n RT
P = n RT /V
partial pressure of nitrogen = ( 0.08 × 0.082 × 273 ) / 3
= 0.59 atm
partial pressure of oxygen = ( 0.04 × 0.082 × 273 ) / 3
= 0.29 atm
Thus, The partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.59 atm and the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.29 atm.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP URGENT WILL GIVE BRAINIEST (CORRECT ANSWERS ONLY!!!!)
7.0 mol Mn can form 7.0 mol MnO and 5.0 mol O2 can form 10.0 mol MnO. What mass of MnO forms during the reaction?
MnO: 70.94 g/mol
[?] g MnO
Based on the moles of substances present and the mole ratio of the substances, the mass of manganese oxide produced is 496.58 g.
What is the equation of the reaction when manganese reacts with oxygen to form a manganese oxide?The balanced chemical equation of the reaction when manganese reacts with oxygen to form a manganese oxide is written below.
Equation of the reaction: 2 Mn (s) + O₂ (g) ---> 2 MnO (s)
The mole ratio of the reaction shows that 2 moles of manganese metal react with 1 mole of oxygen gas to produce 2 moles of manganese oxide.
The mole ratio of Manganese to Manganese oxide is 1 : 1
The mole ratio of oxygen to Manganese oxide is 1 : 2
Hence, according to the given question:
7 moles of manganese can form 7 moles of manganese oxide and 5 moles of manganese can form 10 moles of manganese oxide.
Based on the moles of substances present, the limiting reactant is manganese.
The moles of manganese oxide produced = 7 moles
The mass of manganese oxide produced = 7 * 70.94 g/mol
The mass of manganese oxide produced = 496.58 g
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lithium phosphate is mixed with calcium hydroxide in an aqueous solution. Assume a double displacement reaction
[tex]2Li_3PO_4+3Co(OH)_2 = Ca_3(PO_4)_2_(5)+6LOH[/tex] is a double displacement balanced equation reaction
To balance chemical equations, stoichiometric coefficients for the reactants and products are required. This is important because a chemical equation must follow the rules of conservation of mass and constant proportions, which dictate that the same number of atoms of each element must be avail on two of the reactant and product sides of the equation.
Chemical equations use the relevant chemical formulae to symbolically express the reactants and products of a chemical process. To the left of the sign "," and to the right of the arrow symbol, respectively, is the part of the chemical equation that is on the reactant side.
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What is most likely to be the chemical formula for diamond?
A. C
О B. CD
O C. C100
O D. CO
Carbon C diamond is one form of carbon; the other is graphite.
The correct option is A.
Briefing:Both graphite and diamond are carbon allotropes. Although graphene and fullerenes are among the rarer unusual allotropes of carbon, they do exist. An enormous three-dimensional network of carbon atoms makes up a diamond.
What is chemical formula ?A chemical equation is a phrase that enumerates a compound's component elements and their respective weights. If there is just single atom of a particular sort, no subscript is necessary. If an atom contains three or more of a specific type of atom, a subscript is appended to a symbol for that atom.
What is the importance of chemical formula ?Chemical equations provide details about the chemical composition of a compound. They also represent the proportions in which the compound's individual components come together to create the compound. The chemical formula of a compound is crucial when describing it in a chemical equation.
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Given the following condensed structural diagram, name the following:
The IUPAC names of the given organic compounds are as follows:
octaneBut-2-eneethene or ethylenepentaneBut-2-yneheptynehex-2-enebutyneWhat are organic compounds?Organic compounds are compounds that are derived from living organisms or from the remains of living organisms.
The main elements present in organic compounds are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
One class of organic is hydrocarbons which are compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon.
The given organic compounds are hydrocarbons. An example is octane.
The names of organic compounds follow the IUPAC naming convention.
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What is the formula of a hydrate that is 86.7% MoSs and 13.3% H20?
The formula of the hydrated compound based on the mole ratio is MoS.H₂O.
What are hydrated salts?Hydrated salts are salts that contain water molecules in a molecule of the compound.
In hydrated compounds, a molecule of the compound combines with a given number of moles of water.
The formula of the hydrate is calculated as follows:
Mass percentage of the anhydrous compound, MoS = 86.7%
Moles of MoS = 86.7% / 128
moles of MoS = 0.68
Mass percentage of water is 13.3%
Moles of water = 13.3 / 18
moles of water = 0.74
Mole ratio is 1 : 1
Formula of compound is MoS.H₂O
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O2 (g) + 2 H₂ (g) → 2 H₂O (g) + Energy
exothermic or
endothermic
O₂ (g) + 2 H₂ (g) → 2 H₂O (g) + Energy , this is exothermic process.
An exothermic process releases heat and raises the temperature of adjacent areas. Endothermic processes absorb heat and cool the environment.
A chemical reaction or physical change is endothermic when a system absorbs heat from the environment. During endothermic processes, the system gains heat from the environment, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the environment.
In thermochemistry, an endothermic process is a thermodynamic process accompanied by an increase in the enthalpy H of the system. In such processes, closed systems typically absorb thermal energy from the surroundings and transfer heat to the system.
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c) At 60°C, how many grams of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 200 g of water?
The amount of potassium nitrate that can be dissolved in 200 g of water at 60°C is 101 gm/ml.
The solubility graph is a completely beneficial tool as it tells you the amount of potassium nitrate that may be dissolved consistent with
one hundred mL, of water on the way to have a saturated answer of potassium nitrate at a given temperature.
In an effort to discover the solubility of the salt at
60∘C, begin from the
60∘C
Mark on the graph and move up till you intersect the curve. on the factor of intersection, move left till you intersect the
the y-axis and study the cost that you land on.
In this situation, you could estimate that the solubility of potassium nitrate in water at
60∘C is the same as about
solubility ≈ a hundred and ten g / 100 mL water.
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"What is the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following?
(a) BeH2
(b) SF6
(c) PO43-
(d) PCl5"
The hybridization of the central atom in each specie are
a) sp
b) [tex]sp^3d^2[/tex]
c) [tex]sp^{3}[/tex]
d) [tex]sp^{3} d[/tex]
What is hybridization?When we talk about hybridization we are talking about the way that there could be a mixing of two or more orbitals in such a way that an orbital that has sufficient energy can be used in the process of bonding.
Now we know that the orbitals that are used in the process of the bonding are those that can be able to be combined in such a way that the energy requirement of the bond is least.
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The hybridization states of each of the central atoms are;
a) BeH2- sp
b) SF6 - sp³d²
c) PO43 - sp³
d) PC15" - sp³d
What is hybridization?The notion of hybridization is what is said about the mixing of the orbitals in order that one could attain the orbitals that have the kind of energy that is demanded so as to have s reaction.
For this reason, the hybridization of the central atom would amount to the shape of the molecule and this is crucial to know.
To determine the hybridization of the atoms of the compound above, count the number of atoms connected to it. Only the number of pairs attached to it. Add these two numbers together.
Then apply these numbers:
If it's 4, your atom is sp3.
If it's 3, your atom is sp2.
If it's 2, your atom is sp
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above
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Calculate the number of SO2 molecules in 2.32 mol of SO2 .
Express the number of molecules numerically.
The number of SO2 molecules in 2.32 mol of SO2 is 1.39 × 10²³ molecules.
given that :
number of moles of SO₂ = 2.32 mol
Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²
number moles can be calculated by the following formula :
number of moles = mass / molar mass
number of molecules of SO² in 2.32 moles is given as :
number of molecules of SO₂ = 2.32 mole × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules / mole
number of molecules of SO₂ = 1.39 × 10²⁴ molecules.
Thus, The number of SO2 molecules in 2.32 mol of SO2 is 1.39 × 10²⁴ molecules.
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Which statement is correct about the properties that define a particular kind of mineral?(1 point) Responses A particular mineral is defined by neither its chemical composition nor crystalline structure. A particular mineral is defined by neither its chemical composition nor crystalline structure. A particular mineral is defined only by its crystalline structure. A particular mineral is defined only by its crystalline structure. A particular mineral is defined only by its chemical composition. A particular mineral is defined only by its chemical composition. A particular mineral is defined by its chemical composition and crystalline structure.
Answer:A particular mineral is defined by its chemical composition and crystalline structure.
Explanation:
Statement which is true about minerals is that a particular mineral is defined by its chemical composition and crystalline structure.
What are minerals?Minerals are defined as a chemical compound which has a well -defined composition and possesses a specific crystal structure.It occurs naturally in the pure form.
If a compound occurs naturally in different crystal structure then each structure is considered as a different mineral.The chemical composition of a mineral varies depending on the presence of small impurities which are present in small quantities.
Some minerals can have variable proportions of two or more chemical elements which occupy equivalent position in the crystal structure.It may also have variable composition which is split into separate species.
Physical properties of minerals include color,streak, luster,specific gravity and cleavage.
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Please help me I need help with this question
Alkali metals are more reactive metal . Potassium is more reactive than other elements, so option D is correct.
What are alkali metals ?The alkali metals in group 1 are so-called because when their oxides and hydroxides are treated with water, the resulting solutions are alkaline. As a result of the creation of the hyroxide ion, the solution becomes basic or alkaline.
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Ru), Cesium (Cs), and Francium are alkali elements.
Potassium is more electropositive element and its enthalpy is increases, so potassium is more reactive than other elements.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Energy states of atoms containing more than one electron arise from nucleus-electron
and electron-electron interactions. Which of the following statements correctly
describes these effects?
Through a stronger attraction of electrons, a greater nuclear charge reduces energy.
Describe three electron-related facts.The outside of the nucleus is surrounded by electrons, which are negatively charged particles. Scientists may have trouble observing them since they rotate so quickly. The tiniest particles in an atom, with 2000 of them fitting into a proton, they are drawn to the protons' positive charge.
Exactly what do electrons in an atom perform?The negatively charged atom's electrons are responsible for this. An atom's total negative charge, which is produced by all of its electrons, counteracts the positive charge of the protons inside the atomic nucleus. In comparison to all the other atom's constituents, electrons are quite tiny.
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