An increase in total factor productivity shifts the PPF is downward, but does not change its slope.
What is total factor productivity example?Total factor productivity is directly affected by an economy's fundamental economic structure. For example, a market's total factor productivity would significantly shift if it switched from such an industrial- to a service-based economy.
What is total factor production?Land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship make up the four basic components of production. Save picture. The resources that people employ to create products and services are known the factors of production in finance; they serve as the foundation of a economy.
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In the short run, some costs are fixed and the rest are variable. A firm will continue production only so long as it can cover at least its – costs. Therefore, production will only occur when price, and therefore marginal revenue, – average variable cost. Where that condition is met, the marginal cost curve – the short-run supply curve, because it is only along this line that marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
A firm will continue production only so long as it can cover at least its variable costs.
What is a variable cost and an illustration?Variable costs are those that alter as the volume changes. Raw materials, piece-rate labor, production supplies, commissions, shipping expenses, packing costs, and credit card fees are a few examples of variable costs. The "Cost of Goods Sold" is the name given to the variable costs of production in some accounting statements.
What is the purpose of variable cost?Management frequently uses variable costing to support a range of decisions. For instance, a breakeven analysis could be used to determine the sales level at which a company is profitable at all. Another option is to employ it to determine the lowest price at which a good can be offered for sale.
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Wine and roses, incorporated, offers a bond with a coupon of 8. 5 percent with semiannual payments and a yield to maturity of 8. 34 percent. The bonds mature in 17 years. What is the market price of a $1,000 face value bond?.
The market price of a $1000 face value bond is $1,059.32
What is market price?
It is determined using the current interest rate compared to the interest rate stated on the bond. The market price of the bond comprises two parts. The first part is the present value of the bond's face value. The second part is the present value of the bond's interest payment.
How to calculate market price?
Par / Face Value of the bond = $1000
Semi annual coupon payment
= par value * coupon rate * 1 / number of coupon payments per year
= $1000 * 8.5% * 1/2
= $42.5
Number of coupon payments (n)
= Years to maturity * number of coupon payments per year
= 17 * 2
= 34
Semi Annual Yield (YTM)
= yield to maturity / number of coupon payments per year
= 0.0834 / 2
= 0.0417
Now, let's calculate the current market price of bond
Price = Coupon payment *(1-(1+YTM)^-n)/YTM + Face Value / (1+YTM)^n
= 45 * [tex]\frac{(1-(1+0.0417)^{-34})}{0.0417} + \frac{1000}{(1+0.0417)^{34} }[/tex]
= 45 * [tex]\frac{(1-0.2493155798)}{0.0417} + \frac{1000}{4.010980785}[/tex]
= 45 * 18 + 249.31557981
= 810 + 249.31557981
= $1,059.32 (rounded)
So the bond's current market price of wine and roses, Inc. is $1,059.32
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when a free-rider problem exists, question 45 options: a) the cost of the good will always be more than the benefit of the good. b) the good will not be produced. c) entrepreneurs will eventually find a way to make free-riders pay their share. d) the market will devote too few resources to the production of the good.
When a free rider problem exists, d) the market will devote too few resources to the production of the good.
The free rider problem is when people utilize or exploit a shared resource without contributing their fair part of the cost or without contributing anything at all. No matter how big or tiny a society is, the free rider issue might arise. A municipal council in an urban area may discuss whether and how to make suburban commuters pay for the upkeep of the area's roads and sidewalks or the safety of its police and fire services. A public radio or broadcast station will dedicate airtime to fundraising in the aim of persuading listeners who aren't making donations to do so. Free riding is viewed as an example of the traditional free market system failing.
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What would you expect to be the impact of an event such as a forecast of a major storm on demand for storm-related supplies?.
A shift in the demand curve to the right will be the impact of an event such as a forecast of a major storm on demand for storm-related supplies.
As we can see in the demand graph, there's an inverse relationship between price and amount demanded. Economists call this the regulation of call for.
If the charge is going up, the quantity demanded is going down (but the call for itself stays identical). If the rate decreases, the amount demanded increases.
Economists define demand as the amount of an amazing or provider that shoppers are inclined and in a position to shop for in any respect viable fees in the course of a certain term.
The word that there are two additives to demand: willingness to purchase and potential to pay.
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other things equal, when price falls, the quantity demanded rises. this represents the relationship between the price and quantity demanded.
When prices drop, demand increases, other things being equal. The link between price and amount desired is represented by the law of demand.
They refer to this as the Law of Demand. The quantity demanded decreases as the price rises (but demand itself stays the same). Demand rises in proportion to price decline. This is the Demand Law.
The amount required is a quantity per unit of time. As an illustration, the daily or monthly amount. Keeping other things constant • When a good's price increases, less of it is being demanded. When a good's price declines, more of that good is being demanded.
The demand curve, or simply the demand, is the relationship between the quantity demanded and the price.
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Total costs are p120,000 when 10,000 units are produced; of this amount, variable costs are p48,000. How much is the fixed cost when 12,000 units are produced?.
Fixed costs are $225,600 when 12,000 units are produced.
Total cost is the phrase used to describe the total cost of ownership, which considers an asset's original purchase price and the expenses of continuous operations, maintenance, and repairs.
At a production level of 10,000 units,
Total cost = $120,000
Variable costs = $48,000
Fixed cost = Total cost - Variable cost
= $120,000 - $48,000
= $168,000
Therefore,
Variable cost per unit = Variable cost ÷ No. of units
= $48,000 ÷ 10,000
= $4.8
Consequently, at the 12,000-unit manufacturing level,
Total costs:
= Fixed cost + Variable cost
= $168,000 + ($4.8 × 12,000)
= $168,000 + $57600
= $225 600
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if an increase in the price of levi's jeans causes demand for wrangler jeans to increase, what type of goods are levi's jeans and wrangler jeans?
if an increase in the price of levi's jeans causes demand for wrangler jeans to increase, substitute goods type of goods are levi's jeans and wrangler jeans .
How does the price change as demand rises?
A basic tenet of economics is that when there is a surplus of an item or service above what is needed, prices will decline. Prices typically increase when demand outpaces supply. When demand is constant, the connection between supply and prices of products and services is inverse.What impact does a surplus of supply have on prices?
When the amount supplied exceeds the amount required, there is an excess supply. Price is under pressure to decrease because it is above the equilibrium price in this instance.Learn more about demand
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Identify the characteristics that describe a competitive market or a ""price taker"" firm within the market.
Because the firm may sell any quantity of the commodity at the same price, perfect competition exists and the demand curve is a straight line parallel to the x-axis. Therefore, the demand curve won't have a negative slope.
What attributes define a price-taker?A price-taker is a person or business that must accept market pricing as they are because they lack the market share to do so on their own. Most producers are also price takers as a result of market competition. Price-setting only occurs when there is a monopoly or monopsony.The number of companies contributing a little portion of the market's overall output is great. Even if it raises its price, price searcher will still be able to sell some of its stuff.Because the firm may sell any quantity of the commodity at the same price, perfect competition exists and the demand curve is a straight line parallel to the x-axis. Therefore, the demand curve won't have a negative slope.To learn more about Price-taker refer to:
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margo's u.s.-based company has facilities in norway, indonesia, and ecuador. it is margo's job to consolidate the financial reports received from each of these facilities. she is required to adjust the currency denominations in the reports to reflect u.s. dollars. margo is dealing with
Currency translation is the conversion of one currency into another, frequently in the context of a parent company's overseas subsidiaries' financial performance into that functional currency.
What is Currency translation?The difference that results from converting a specific quantity of one currency's units into another currency at various exchange rates is known as the exchange difference. A subsidiary, affiliate, joint venture, or branch that bases its operations in a different nation or currency than the reporting organization is known as a "foreign operation."The fundamental economic system in which an entity produces and spends cash flows.The exchange rate risk known as "translation risk" is a concern for businesses that transact in foreign currencies and report foreign assets on their balance sheets. Companies that have assets abroad must translate the value of their assets from the foreign currency to the local currency.To learn more about Currency translation refer to:
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What were two goals of progressive reformers and two methods they used to achieve their goals?.
To protect social welfare, promote moral improvement, create economic reform, and foster efficiency.
Established direct primary elections, direct election of senators (rather than by state legislatures), initiative and referendum, and women's suffrage
What is progressive reformers?The Progressive Movement's primary objectives were to strengthen democracy, get rid of corruption, and defend working people. Introducing new direct democracy procedures was one way the movement made progress in this direction.Progressive reformers aimed to eradicate political corruption, enhance people's quality of life, and step up government protection of the populace.The four main objectives of the progressive movement were: (1) to safeguard social welfare, (2) to advance moral advancement, (3) to bring about economic reform, and (4) to enhance effectiveness.This wave of reforms during the Progressive Era included the suffrage campaign. Leading suffragists were often involved in other progressive causes.Progressivism is a political movement that aims to improve society through social reform based on advances in science, technology, economic growth, and social structure.To learn more about progressive reformers refer to:
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Changes to current assets and current liabilities require adjustment of net income under the indirect method because?.
'Changes to current assets and current liabilities require adjustment of net income under the indirect method because of Gains on the sale of long-term assets.
In accounting terms, current liabilities are often understood to mean all of a company's liabilities that are paid in cash within a particular company's fiscal year or business cycle, whichever is longer.
Current liabilities are short-term financial obligations of companies that mature within one year or within normal business cycles. The operating cycle, also known as the cash conversion cycle, is the time it takes a company to purchase inventory and convert sales into cash.
Examples of current liabilities shown on the balance sheet include accounts payable, salaries payable, payroll taxes, expenses payable, bills payable, income taxes, interest payable, interest payable, utilities, rent, and other.
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he preemptive right is the right of current stockholders to buy new shares in an amount that will maintain their proportionate ownership in the firm. true or false
The statement 'The preemptive right is the right of current stockholders to buy new shares in an amount that will maintain their proportionate ownership in the firm' is true.
In the field of business, preemptive rights can be described as the rights of the stockholders of a business to buy more shares in a business before those shares are offered to anybody else.
Through the preemptive rights, new shares are brought that will allow the stockholder to maintain proportionate ownership in the business.
A preemptive right allows the correct stockholders to invest more in the same business.
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A researcher conducted a study to analyze the effect of gender bias on company recruitment. Participants were told that the purpose of the study was something different than it actually was. This deception was most likely implemented to avoid.
A researcher conducted a study to analyze the effect of gender bias on company recruitment. Participants were told that the purpose of the study was something different than it actually was. This deception was most likely implemented to avoid Demand Characteristics.
What are Demand Characteristics?Demand features in research serve as cues that may help participants understand the study's goals. Depending on what they believe the research to be about, these cues may cause participants to alter their behaviors or answers.
Demand characteristics can skew your study results, which is an issue. Due to the fact that these experiments and studies include human subjects, they frequently happen in psychology and social science research. To get reliable results, it's crucial to take into account probable demand features in your study design and deal with them effectively.
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when a central bank takes action to decrease the money supply and increase interest rates, it is trying to implement in the hopes of .
A contractionary monetary policy is one in which a central bank reduces the amount of money in circulation while raising interest rates.
What is contractionary monetary policy ?
A type of monetary policy known as a contractionary monetary policy aims to slow down the rate of monetary expansion in order to combat inflation. The main sign of an overheated economy, which can be caused by prolonged periods of economic expansion, is an increase in inflation.
It basically slows growth by increasing interest rates and constricting the money supply. Consumers cut back on their spending as a result of higher interest rates, particularly when using credit cards.
The Federal Reserve's three primary methods for reducing the money supply are
raising interest rates, raising the minimum reserves required of banks, and selling government securities.Read more about contractionary monetary policy
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where y is gdp, c is consumption, i is investment, g is government spending, and there is no international trade, national saving equals:
National saving equals: Y - C - G when Y is GDP, C is consumption, I is investment, and G is government spending and there is no international trade.
In a closed economy, national savings (NS) equals the sum of private and public saves, or GDP - C - G.
The government budget deficit is equal to G - T in cases where Y is GDP, C is consumption, I is investment, G is government expenditure, T is net taxes, and there is no international trade. When there is a surplus in the government budget, public saving is beneficial.
In economics, the total of a nation's private and public savings is its national saving. It is the same as a country's income less its government and consumer spending.
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is a qualitative risk analysis tool that maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project in addition to identifying risks.
Top ten risk item tracking is a qualitative risk analysis tool that maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project in addition to identifying risks.
Qualitative risk analysis tools analyze the probability and impact of the risks and assess their immensity on the financial investment or business. Top ten risk item tracking is one of the qualitative risk analysis tools that identify the risk in the projects or investments. It also keeps a constant awareness of the risks throughout the term of the project.
The top ten items of risk are analyzed periodically including the number of times risks have occurred. The type of risks and their frequency of occurrence are measured and ranked accordingly.
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javi's mother has done many jobs, including (check all that apply): taking care of children. cleaning houses. washing cars. selling water bottles by the side of the road.
Ravi's mother has done many jobs, including taking care of children. cleaning houses.
Work is essential to all societies, however, can range widely within and between them, from amassing in natural resources by means of hand, to working complex technologies that alternative for physical or even intellectual effort through many humans. All but the simplest responsibilities additionally require precise capabilities, device or tools, and other assets (along with material for manufacturing items).[citation needed] Cultures and individuals across history have expressed a huge range of attitudes closer to work. Outdoor of any specific method or industry, humanity has advanced a selection of institutions for situating paintings in society.
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recent changes to the legislative process have weakened the influence of committees and strengthened the influence of leadership.
Although Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds vote from both houses, the President does not have the authority to sign legislation into law or to veto bills passed by Congress.
How influential is the Congress?
All Americans' daily lives are impacted by the laws passed by Congress, which is meant to be the people's voice. It has to pay for government programs and operations, hold hearings to inform the legislative process, and keep an eye on the executive branch.
What are Congresses?
Two parts make up Congress:the House of Representatives and the Senate of the United States.There are at least two U.S. Senators and one U.S. Representative in each state;A state can have more U.S. Representatives than it has residents.There are 435 U.S. Representatives and 100 U.S. Senators.
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what are two advantages of using direct mail and catalogs?
Highly focused There are excellent targeting possibilities for any direct mail campaign. Personal information may be included in each correspondence. two advantages of using direct mail and catalogs.
What is information?Information is a general term for everything with the capacity to inform. Information is most fundamentally concerned with the interpretation of what may be sensed. Any naturally occurring process that is not entirely random, as well as any discernible pattern in any medium, can be said to convey some level of information.
Aim for a certain niche. In general, you'll have more success if your marketing efforts are more specifically targeted. Give thorough information. It's simple to monitor your response rate. Prices may rise. Response times are frequently brief.
Therefore, Personal information may be included in each correspondence. two advantages of using direct mail and catalogs.
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your buyer client heather just signed a purchase agreement for a $520,000 home. the ltvr is 60%. how much is heather putting down on the purchase?
With a 60% LTVR, Heather is financing 60% of her purchase while making a 40% down payment.
What is a purchase?Buy means to purchase. In essence, it gives customers ownership of a product or service in return for payment. It is possible to refer to it as an economic agent's demand for a good, and for effective demand to manifest, the availability of purchasing power is a crucial element.A purchase could also be made in exchange for taking on an obligation or as part of a barter exchange where various non-cash assets are traded.Direct, indirect, and service procurement are the three basic categories of procurement activity.In the given situation:
With a 60% LTVR, Heather is financing 60% of her purchase while making a 40% down payment.Therefore, with a 60% LTVR, Heather is financing 60% of her purchase while making a 40% down payment.
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if the price of a good is increased by 15% and the quantity demanded changes by 20%, then the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is equal to:
If the price of a good increases by 20% and the quantity demanded changes by 15%, then the price elasticity of demand is equal to: 0.75.
Price elasticity of call for is a dimension of the trade inside the consumption of a product when it comes to a trade in its fee. Expressed mathematically, it is: rate Elasticity of call for = percent exchange in amount Demanded ÷ percentage trade in price.
Price elasticity of demand is the ratio of the proportion alternate in amount demanded of a product to the percentage change in price.
A good's price elasticity of call for is a measure of the way sensitive the quantity demanded is to its fee. when the rate rises, quantity demanded falls for almost any top, but it falls extra for some than for others.
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the zero lower bound for interest rates refers to: the fact that interest rates can't go below zero. a theory that says that interest rates should have no bounds or limits. a law that prohibits credit unions from paying interest on checkable deposits. the fact that there is no lower bound for interest rates.
The zero lower bound for interest rates refers to the fact that there is no lower bound for interest rates. Hence, option D is correct.
What are interest rates?An interest rate provides information on how costly borrowing is or how profitable saving is. As a result, the amount you pay for borrowing money, stated as a percentage of the total loan amount, is the interest rate if you are a borrower.
The rate informs you of the precise amount of interest you will earn or pay on a loan. For instance, $6 would be the interest on a $100 loan at a nominal interest rate of 6%. The interest rate does not change as the loan's size increases. The interest rate would stay at 6% even if the borrower took out a $1,000 loan.
Thus, option D is correct.
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eastern electric currently pays a dividend of $1.86 per share and sells for $33 a share. a. if investors believe the growth rate of dividends is 2% per year, what rate of return do they expect to earn on the stock? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. if investors' required rate of return is 15%, what must be the growth rate they expect of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) c. if the sustainable growth rate is 4% and the plowback ratio is 0.8, what must be the rate of return earned by the firm on its new investments? (enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
5% is the rate of return earned by the firm on its new investments.
As per the Gordon model, the required return (ke) can be computed as follows -
Ke = [D0 x (1+g)/ P0] + g
Where, D0 = dividend paid , g = growth rate, P0 = Price per share
Ke = [$1.86 x (1+0.02)/ $33] + 0.02 = 0.0775 or 7.75%
b) We use the same formula as above -
0.15 = [$1.86 x (1+g)/ $33] + g
or, 33x (0.15 - g) = 1.86 x (1+g)
or, 4.95 - 33g = 1.86 + 1.86g
or, g = 3.09 / 34.86 = 0.0886 or 8.86%
c) We use the following formula to compute the growth rate -
g = b x r
Where, g = growth rate, b = plowback ratio, r = required rate of return
0.04 = 0.8 x r
or, r = 0.05 or 5%
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gentleman gym just paid its annual dividend of $2 per share, and it is widely expected that the dividend will increase by 2% per year indefinitely. a. what price should the stock sell at if the discount rate is 8%. (do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to 2 decimal places.) b. what price should the stock sell at if the discount rate is 6%. (do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Dividends are bills a business enterprise makes to percentage income with its stockholders. They're paid on a ordinary basis, and they may be one of the methods traders earn a go back from making an investment in .
The required details for Dividends in given paragraph
Current rate=Dividend for subsequent period/(Discount rate-Growth rate)
1.Current rate=(2*1.02)/(0.1-0.02)=$25.5
2.Current rate=(2*1.02)/(0.08-0.02)=$34.
A dividend is the distribution of a business enterprise's income to its shareholders and is decided through the business enterprise's board of directors. Dividends are regularly disbursed quarterly and can be paid out as coins or within side the shape of reinvestment in extra inventory. The dividend yield is the dividend in step with percentage and is expressed as dividend/rate as a percent of a business enterprise's percentage rate, consisting of 2.5%.
Common shareholders of dividend-paying corporations are eligible to acquire a distribution so long as they very own the inventory earlier than the ex-dividend date.
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grounded theory is a comparative method produced by constant comparison that to establish themes. the process is iterative and requires that you collect, code, and analyze your data. this process reveals themes that may ultimately generate theory.
The comparative method is ready to look at an object of taking a look at with regard to any other. The item of look at is common as compared across the area and/or time. Comparative techniques may be qualitative or quantitative. often, there's a trade-off: the extra instances to evaluate, the much fewer similar variables available, and vice versa.
The technique includes studying the relationship among variables that might be exclusive or similar to each other. Comparative politics usually uses this comparative method on two or more nations and evaluates a particular variable across those countries, consisting of a political structure, organization, conduct, or coverage.
Comparative methods are trying to find evidence for adaptive evolution by way of investigating how the traits of organisms, together with their length, form, life histories, and behaviors, evolve collectively across species. they're one of evolutionary biology's maximum enduring tactics for trying out hypotheses of models.
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according to the text, when salespeople alter their sales messages and behaviors during a sales presentation, or as they encounter different sales situations, they are using:
According to the text, when salespeople alter their sales messages and behaviors during a sales presentation, or as they encounter different sales situations, they are using Adaptive selling.
What is Adaptive Selling?
Changing sales behaviors based on the circumstances of the transaction is known as adaptive selling. To provide information about the product that caters to the demands of the clients, a customized presentation is employed. To effectively market the items to clients, a suitable sales plan must be developed. A salesperson must possess the necessary expertise to win over customers' confidence, satisfy their demands, and provide them contentment. A successful salesperson should be well-versed in all aspects of the product, including its functions, creation process, and points of differentiation from rivals.
Adaptive selling makes it easier to comprehend the demands of the consumer. A salesperson can always close a transaction with the support of a solid client connection.
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a(n) is a person who works for a business as an apprentice or trainee for the purpose of obtaining actual experience.
An Intern is a person who works for a business as an apprentice or trainee for the purpose of obtaining actual experience.
What is an Internship?
A professional learning opportunity that gives students or recent graduates relevant and applicable work relating to their career interests or field of concentration is known as an internship programme.
Internship programmes give students and recent graduates the chance to explore their career options and acquire important skills for the workplace.
As a result, internship programmes can be a useful tool for assessing a person's qualifications because they give participants the chance to develop new skills and consider potential future paths.
A programme that allows undergraduates or recent graduates the chance to advance their professional experience and raise their integrity level in specific disciplines or departments is known as an internship programme.
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which skill ensures that you follow fair/legal practices in your work and while dealing with people in an organization? a. analytical b. leadership c.
Business ethics ensure that consumers and other market participants have a certain amount of trust in businesses.
A portfolio manager, for instance, must give the portfolios of family members and small individual investors the same attention as those of wealthy clients. The public is treated fairly thanks to practices like these.
Business ethics: What Is It?
Corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, fiduciary responsibilities, and many other potentially contentious topics are the focus of business ethics. Occasionally, business ethics serve as a fundamental guideline for businesses to follow in order to gain public approval, while other times the law serves as a guide.
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the plan that is best suited to identify the long term requirement of capacity is: group of answer choices aggregate production plan material requirements plan material management plan master schedule
Aggregate production plan is best suited to identify the long term requirement of capacity.
What is aggregate production planning (APP)?
Planning for aggregate output is helpful for operation management. It relates to setting up production, inventory, and staffing levels to meet shifting demand over a planning horizon of anything between six months and a year. Plans for aggregate production are essential for operations management and are required to take advantage of labor opportunities. For a brief or medium amount of time, this strategy aids in maintaining market equilibrium between supply and demand. Aggregate production planning's (APP) primary objective is to maximize manufacturing while lowering operating expenses.
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Mr. D is the manager of a local walgreens. His biggest concern is to make sure that his store is always making the most profit possible. He cuts costs by focusing on certain logistical decisions. Every other day walgreens receives shipments from pepsi, evian, hershey, and numerous other manufacturers. Walgreens insists on small shipments every two days, which helps to keep their inventory costs low. What system is mr. D using at walgreens to reduce his costs?.
Mr.D is using just-in-time inventory at Walgreens to reduce his costs.
Just-in-time, or JIT, is an inventory management method in which goods are received from suppliers only as they are needed. The main objective of this method is to reduce inventory holding costs and increase inventory turnover.
A just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that has a company receive goods as close as possible to when they are actually needed. So, if a car assembly plant needs to install airbags, it does not keep a stock of airbags on its shelves but receives them as those cars come onto the assembly line.
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