Option b is correct i.e. increased MCH an older adult has suspected B12 deficiency, lab indices is most indicative of a B12 deficiency.
B12 vitamin insufficiency Anemia is a condition that develops when your body is unable to produce enough healthy red blood cells as a result of a vitamin B12 shortage. Red blood cells, which deliver oxygen to every region of the body, are made possible by this vitamin. Your tissues and organs cannot receive adequate oxygen if your red blood cell count is insufficient. Your body's ability to function is impacted by a lack of oxygen. An additional B vitamin is folic acid, also referred to as folate. Megaloblastic anemias can be brought on by either a folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Several anemias cause faulty red blood cell production. They are enormous. They also have an oval form as opposed to the round shape of normal red blood cells. As a result, the bone marrow generates fewer red blood cells. Red blood cells may lose their viability earlier than expected. The likelihood of developing anemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency is higher in people whose ancestors came from northern Europe.
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list the various ways that human activites can adversely affect ocean ecosystems and describe each one briefly
Human emissions have the ability to disturb ocean ecosystems by importing chemicals in quantities that have a detrimental effect on the animals that make up the ecosystem. Its actions involve removing pleasant and enjoyable effects.
What would be species in plain English?A species is a group of organisms made up of similar individuals that are capable of genetic recombination or gene exchange. The most fundamental unit of categorization in biology is the species, which also serves as a phylogenetic rank. The following taxonomic level in the biological classification scheme is a genus.
What eight different species are there?Homo soloensis, Homo identified or identifiable natural person, Homo following responses, Homo rudolfensis, Homo erectus, Home erectus, Homo represented, and Homo sapiens were the several forms of human species. Only one of those eight human animal has persisted: human beings
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HELP genetics model
I'm trying to figure out how to turn my punnett squares (image 1 ) into a chromosome model like this (image 2) Can someone please draw it out?
In order to turn the Punnett squares (image 1) into a chromosome model like image 2 it is required to know if genes are linked since this phenomenon alters gene segregation during gamete formation.
Why linked genes alter proportions from Punnet squares?Linked genes are able to alter the expected proportions from Punnet squares because they do not segregate as occurs in alleles located on different chromosomes, thereby we have into account this phenomenon.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that linked genes alter segregation and therefore also proportions from Punnet squares.
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Freedom is going to have part of his adrenal cortex removed because of a tumor. After the surgery, he may need _____supplementation.
insulin
calcitonin
oxytocin
aldosterone
Freedom is going to have part of his adrenal cortex removed because of a tumor. After the surgery, he may need aldosterone supplementation. The correct answer is option D.
What is the role of insulin ?
The role of insulin is that this maintains the blood glucose levels in the blood and the sugar regulation is basically done with the help of insulin.
The adrenal cortex has a role to play in releasing several hormones such as aldosterone that is a mineralocorticoid, cortisol that is a glucocorticoid, androgen and estrogen that both are sex hormones.
The role of aldosterone in the body is basically to balance out the control out the balance out of water and salts in kidneys by keeping sodium ions inside and potassium ions outside of the kidney.
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the insertion of glut4 into the sarcolemma can either be stimulated by. insulin binding to its receptor on skeletal muscle cells that are resting or. by an insulin independent mechanism during contraction of skeletal muscle cells. glucose is released from the ________ which means blood glucose levels ______. liver.
When blood glucose levels drop too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. In response to glucagon, the liver releases glucose into the bloodstream by converting glycogen that has been stored.
During skeletal muscle cell contraction, insulin may attach to its receptor on the cells' surface via an insulin-dependent mechanism or while the cells are at rest. Depending on the body's requirements, the liver produces and stores glucose. The hormones insulin and glucagon are principally responsible for signalling the need to store or release glucose. The pancreas releases more glucagon when blood glucose levels get dangerously low. This hormone assists in restoring blood glucose in a number of ways: It prompts the liver to transform saved glucose into a form that may be used, after which it is released into the bloodstream.
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the original sequence of a dna molecule is 5'-aaccggtt-3'. match each mutated sequence with the correct description of the change that occurred.
Any of the following techniques can be used to detect single base pair mutations: direct sequencing, which entails cataloging every base pair in the gene's sequence and contrasting it with the sequence of the healthy gene.
Changes to an organism's DNA sequence are referred to as mutations. Mutations can be the result of viral infection, exposure to mutagens, or mistakes in DNA replication during cell division.In molecular biology and genomics research, the direct sequencing of PCR products has already been very influential. Gene mutation identification, genetic illness diagnosis, and single nucleotide polymorphism research are all common uses for this kind of sequencing.
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It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. This is because otherwise healthy cells can o grow into giant super cells.
The absence of errors during mitosis is essential. This is due to the potential for healthy cells to transform into enormous super cells.
Why is mitosis error-free so important?Yes! The important cell division process of mitosis, which ensures that the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, should be error-free.
The process of cell proliferation or cell division is called mitosis. Because a cell can't exist forever, it either undergoes mitosis, which causes it to divide into two new cells, or it dies. The healthy cells will randomly divide if the mitotic control is compromised, and the newly formed malignant growth cells will also be uncontrollable.
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Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom?Choose one answer.a. Hallucinationsb. Emotional unresponsivenessc. Emotional turmoild. Delusions
Option B. Emotional unresponsiveness is an example of a negative symptom, losing enthusiasm for rewarding pursuits. decreasing one's relationship commitments displaying little to no empathy towards other people.
Apathy, difficulty speaking, difficulty expressing feelings, and withdrawal from social interactions and relationships are examples of negative symptoms. A third category of symptoms, Emotional unresponsiveness commonly referred to as cognitive symptoms, also exists. Unexpressive faces and limited emotional expression are a few of instances of unfavorable negative symptoms. speech that is monotonous and uses just one syllable or less generally. little gestures.
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in a bacteirum there is mutation in the gene for the represssor protein of the lac operon when lactose is present how owuld this mutation affect the function of the lac operon
Transcription of the lac operon will not occur in the presence of lactose
With lactose in the cell, lactose binds to the repressor. This causes a structural change in the repressor and it loses its affinity for the operator. Thus RNA polymerase can then bind to the promoter and transcribe the structural genes
Most mutations in the operator, the binding site for repressor, lead to lower affinity for the repressor and hence less binding.
A mutation occurring in the lac I gene causes the inability of the repressor to bind with the operator. If the repressor does not bind the operator, RNA polymerase will move to the transcription site and do transcription even if lactose is absent.
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if inheritance of a genetic marker is associated consistently with the inheritance of a particular phenotype, then that marker must be linked to: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices the quantitative trait loci associated with the genotype. the environmental trait associated with the phenotype. the only gene causing that phenotype. the quantitative trait loci that affects that phenotype.
That marker must be linked to: the quantitative trait loci that affects that phenotype,genotype.
A genotype is a scoring of the form of variation present at a given region in the genome. It could be represented by symbols. For example, BB, Bb, and bb may be used to represent a given variation in a gene.
The genotype determines the hereditary potentials and boundaries of a person from embryonic formation through adulthood. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, a person's genotype accommodates the whole complex of genes inherited from each dad and mom.
The one-of-a-kind types of genotypes are- homozygous recessive (pp), homozygous dominant (PP), and heterozygous (Pp). The homozygous dominant and the heterozygous genotypes display the same phenotypes.
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the insect's dorsal vessel is studded with openings along its length called ____, which allow for hemolymph to flow into the vess
the insect's dorsal vessel is studded with openings along its length called Ostia.
Arthropods, which means "joint" in Ancient Greek, are invertebrate organisms with a segmented body, an exoskeleton, and paired jointed appendages. The phylum Arthropoda is made up of arthropods. Their jointed limbs and chitin-based cuticle, which is frequently mineralized with calcium carbonate, set them apart.
The arthropod's body is divided into segments, each of which has two appendages.
Arthropods have an external skeleton and are bilaterally symmetrical. They must go through many stages of moulting, a process through which they lose their exoskeleton to reveal a new one, in order to continue growing. Certain species possess wings.
With up to 10 million species, they are a very varied group.
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Which is the disadvantage of producing offspring?; What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction in offspring?; What is a disadvantage for organisms that reproduce asexually?; Is asexual reproduction an advantage or disadvantage?
Advantages:
Organisms do not need to find a partner, this saves time and energy. Because offspring are identical to their parents none of the offspring will be less well adapted to their environment.Disadvantages:
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What increases rate of protein synthesis?; What controls the rate of protein synthesis?; What organelle has a high rate of protein synthesis?; What is protein synthesis rate?
For boosting protein synthesis, timing of protein ingestion is crucial. Consuming protein right after after working out boosts protein synthesis, however waiting even two hours dampens the reaction.
Translation initiation controls, in part, the rate of protein synthesis by interacting with a 40S ribosomal subunit to bind the initiator tRNA (met-tRNAi) and messenger RNA (mRNA). Protein synthesis can become constrained by the met-tRNAi or mRNA binding steps, respectively.
The crucial cell organelles involved in protein synthesis are called ribosomes. The proper operation of the cell depends on proteins. Proteins and RNA found in ribosomes assist in translating genetic code into proteins. The two subunits of ribosomes are smaller and larger subunits.
In conclusion, human basal fractional protein synthesis rates for muscle, tendon, bone, cartilage, ligament, and menisci range from 0.02 to 0.13% per hour.
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about____of all children whose lack of conscience becomes plain before age 15 become antisocial adults
About one half of all children whose lack of conscience becomes plain before age 15 become antisocial adults .
A boy with an antisocial personality disorder, often known as a sociopath or psychopath, is frequently one who begins to lie, steal, fight, or engage in unrestricted sexual behavior before the age of 15.
Criminal behavior, which affects around half of children, is not a significant part of antisocial behavior, despite its remorseless and even illegal actions. The reason for this is that criminals truly show concern for their friends and families. Antisocial people take rash actions and show little emotion or fear.
Antisocial behavior is more likely to be committed by people with cold attitudes because genetic factors help shape the brain, typically in conjunction with child abuse.
According to studies, murderers had less activity in their frontal lobes, an area of the brain that controls impulses. Further investigation indicated that the frontal lobe tissue of violent recurrent offenders was 11% lower than anticipated. Studies have shown that a gene that altered the balance of neurotransmitters and childhood abuse both predicted antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior is not necessarily predisposed to someone by a "bad environment" or "bad genes" alone.
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An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the:
A. basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
B. basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
C. salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
D. salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
E. glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary
glands.
c
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands. Correct answer: letter C.
For, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for saliva production, and it does so by stimulating the salivary glands to release watery saliva into the mouth. This reflex response helps to lubricate food for swallowing and the digestion process.
The Importance of the Parasympathetic Nervous System in Producing and Maintaining SalivaIs a crucial part of the body’s autonomic nervous system, and it plays an important role in producing and maintaining saliva.
The parasympathetic nervous system is also essential when it comes to maintaining a healthy pH level in the mouth. Saliva helps to neutralize acidic foods, as well as to maintain an acidic environment in the mouth. Without the production of saliva, the mouth would become too acidic and could lead to tooth decay and other oral problems.
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Match each of the following events during Drosophila embryo development to the correct location in the embryo.Items (4 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) Mesodermal cells migrate inward during gastrulation. Pole cells move inward as hindgut invaginates. Pole cells begin migration from this location. Crest develops to separate a regior that will become head, mouth parts, and foregut. Categories Posterior end Anterior end Dorsal side Ventral side
The production of numerous tissues and organs, such as somatic and visceral muscles, somatic gonad, heart, fat bodies, macrophages, and lymph glands, is a result of mesoderm development in the Drosophila embryo. 1 All of these tissues have a common ancestor in the early embryo, during the blastoderm's blastoderm patterning.
The early embryo known as the blastoderm has about 5000 cells that were created during numerous rounds of nuclear division of the fertilized egg and has relatively few noticeable morphological traits. Because the blastoderm's ventral cells are where the mesoderm is produced, the blastoderm's dorsal-ventral patterning also affects how the mesoderm develops Drosophila . In this chapter, we'll talk about how the blastoderm's seemingly uniform cell population gives rise to various cell fates, especially the mesoderm.
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A hypothesis determines . . .
A. the results of an experiment.
B. what will be tested.
C. how true a theory is.
An assumption or concept is given as a hypothesis for the purpose of debating it and testing if it might be true. In the scientific process, the hypothesis is developed before any pertinent research, aside from a basic background review, has been conducted. Therefore, option A, B and C are correct.
What is hypothesis ?Using sample data, hypothesis testing is done to determine whether a claim is plausible. The test offers proof that the hypothesis is plausible in light of the available data. A random sample of the population being studied is measured and examined by statistical analysts in order to test a hypothesis.
In order to advance knowledge and encourage scientific study, hypotheses are often used. The foundation of all research experiments is comprised of these succinct assertions. The design of an entire experiment may therefore be flawed as a result of a defect in the formulation of a hypothesis.
Thus, option A, B and C are correct.
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which cell organelle is most responsible for supplying energy to the cell?; which list of characteristics describes organisms classified as animals?; what is the cell wall made of
To carry out this crucial activity, cells have specialized organelles that supply the cell with energy. We refer to this particular organelle as mitochondria.
The organelle that gives a cell its energy is called mitochondria. The mitochondria store metabolites, break down large molecules and then recycle them.
An organelle called a mitochondrion can be found in the cells of the majority of Eukaryotes, including mammals, plants, and fungi. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), produced by aerobic respiration in mitochondria and used as a source of chemical energy throughout the cell, is produced by mitochondria using their double membrane structure.
They were found in the voluntary muscles of insects by Albert von Kölliker in 1857. Carl Benda first used the term "mitochondrion" in 1898. The phrase "powerhouse of the cell" was popularized by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 essay of the same name and is often used to refer to the mitochondrion.
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What might the consequences be on the bat and cacti population if this desert region continued to experience several years of higher-than-average rainfall? How would a decline in the cactus population affect the rest of the desert ecosystem (i.e. other organisms such as rodents which feed on cactus fruit)?
The consequences on the bat and cacti population in a desert region continued to experience several years of higher-than-average rainfall may be the decrease of these species' populations, which likely would affect the rest of the desert ecosystem because it alters homeostasis conditions.
What are the homeostasis conditions?The homeostasis conditions make reference to the delicate equilibrium for which species in a given ecosystem coexist in order to shape the environment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that homeostasis conditions may be altered by unusual factors such as high precipitation in the desert and thus affect the whole ecosystem.
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a farmer sprays his crops with pesticide. the runoff enters a nearby lake. based on the food web above, in which of the following organisms would the pesticide concentration be the highest?
The organisms on a better trophic degree can have more concentration of the compounds here, fishes are at the very best trophic level, so they'll accumulate a maximum quantity of insecticides. So, the precise answer is 'Fishes'.
Carnivores are extra stricken by biomagnification because the attention of substances increases as you flow up the trophic ranges. Organisms higher on the food chain devour extra than the decreased ones, therefore receiving better awareness of dangerous substances.
The Littoral region has emergent and submerged aquatic plant life (In the eutrophication littoral zone, plant life ends up greater fragile because of loss of light.
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while in the development phase, you are also required to determine both the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) for your drug. while these values directly relate to the efficacy of the drug against bacteria, they will also be informative for the next stages of development, which include studies to determine effective dosages within a host. the picture depicts the results of an mbc test. based on these data, the mic for your drug would be and the mbc would be .
Lowest Bactericidal Concentration Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Concentrations of inhibitors should always be lower.
Which stage of bacterial growth is more responsive to antimicrobial medications?Additionally, because traditional antibiotics and disinfectants interfere with the creation of protein, DNA, and cell walls during the log phase, bacteria are especially susceptible to their effects.
Which of the following variables will affect how antimicrobial agents work?The pH affects the antibacterial activity via changing the cell surface or the disinfectant molecule 413. Relative humidity has a major impact on the action of gaseous disinfectants/sterilants such EtO, chlorine dioxide, and formaldehyde.
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put the actions in the correct order that describes the egg retrieval behavior of geese studied by konrad lorenz, beginning with the first step at the top.
This brooding goose starts acting out when it spots an egg outside of the nest (A) and becomes fixated on it. The goose stands up and reaches out to touch the egg (B).
What are geese known for?Geese are very gregarious creatures. They typically get along with other animals and birds if they were raised with them. The word "goose" actually refers to female geese; ganders are the names for male geese. On ground or in the water, a group of geese is referred to as a gaggle; in the air, they are referred to as a skein.
What are geese saying when they honk?The Canada goose's "honk" call is employed in a variety of ways, including as a long-distance call, to respond a mate, and as part of a territorial display.
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you are looking at dna-protein binding data in a 14 kb region of the genome. t/f: this data provides biochemical and evolutionary evidence of functionality for a non-coding region of the genome.
If we are looking at DNA-protein binding data in a 14 kb region of the genome, then the statement this data provides biochemical and evolutionary evidence of functionality for a non-coding region of the genome is False.
What are non-coding regions of the genome?Non-coding regions of the genome are defined as fragments of the DNA molecule which do not encode proteins but they may play regulatory roles and have several hundreds of kilobases.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that non-coding regions of the genome have higher sizes than 14 kilobases (kb).
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which of the following cell-surface proteins are routinely used to distinguish memory t cells from naive and effector t cells? CCR7CD45ROCD45RAL-selectin (CD62L)
CCR7 ,CD45RO ,CD45RA, L-selectin (CD62L) are routinely used to distinguish memory T cell from naive and effector T cells
A form of white blood cell. T cells are a part of the immune system and develop from stem cells within the bone marrow. They assist guard the body from infection and might assist fight cancer. additionally called T lymphocyte and thymocyte.
T-cell. Key to the immune device, those cells originate in the bone marrow but mature inside the thymus (the t stands for thymus). T-cells assault other body cells which are infected by a few micro organism, a virulent disease, or any other pathogen. (compare B-cell.)
Effector Cells. relying at the APC a naïve cell comes across it may come to be an effector T cell. ...
Cytotoxic T Cells. Cytotoxic T Cells, also referred to as CD8+ cells, have the primary process to kill toxic/target cells. ...
Helper T Cells.
Regulatory T Cells.
memory T Cells.
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A culture of Spirogyra (an autotrophic alga) is maintained in a water solution containing dissolved carbon dioxide and a source of phosphates but lacking nitrogen compounds. A researcher determines the rates of synthesis of several organic compounds found in the Spirogyra before and after several weeks in the water solution. Which of the following graphs best illustrates a likely result of the experiment?B) Graph be shows proteins and nucleic acids decreasing with carbohydrates and lipids staying the same with time.
Without a source of nitrogen, the Spirogyra cannot synthesize proteins or nucleic acids, both of which contain nitrogen. This answer reflects that the student is able to represent graphically the exchange of molecules between an organism and its environment and the use of these molecules in synthesis.
graph be shows proteins and nucleic acids decreasing with carbohydrates and lipids staying the same with time.
A nucleotide is made up of an aromatic base with nitrogen connected to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar that is then joined to a phosphate group. Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in each nucleic acid (U). Purine classifications apply to A and G, while pyrimidine classifications apply to C, T, and U. thus nitrogen source is required for nucleic acid and protein synthesis
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a host cell can be manipulated to take in recombinant dna in the form of a plasmid. the host cell then replicates the gene of interest in the process of .
A host cell can be manipulated to take in recombinant DNA in the form of a plasmid. the host cell then replicates the gene of interest in the process of gene cloning
Gene cloning is the discovery and copying (or "cloning") of a desired gene utilizing the entire DNA of the organism. The basic processes in gene cloning are:
1. Gene-sized DNA fragments are extracted from an organism known to contain the desired gene using restriction enzymes.
2. The cleavage of bacterial plasmids occurs using the same restriction enzyme.
3. Gene-sized DNA and chopped plasmids are combined in a test tube. A plasmid and a gene-sized DNA fragment frequently anneal to form a recombinant plasmid (recombinant DNA).
4. The recombinant plasmids are inserted into bacteria through electroporation or heat shock.
5. The bacteria are dispersed across plates and given time to establish colonies. All the colonies on all the plates are referred to as a gene library together.
6. To identify which colony contains the desired gene, the gene library is screened.
7. the target gene's DNA sequence or the DNA of a gene that is remarkably close to it
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To study why biodiversity increases productivity (see the reading for this week's lab), suggest an hypothesis involving one of the three possible mechanisms (resource use efficiency, facilitation, sampling effect). Hypothesis: Which mechanism are you investigating? How is your hypothesis related to that mechanism?
Three richness treatments—two, four, and six species—in which species combinations were nested were included in the experimental design, along with monoculture controls. Randomly choosing species from each of the two functional groups to ensure that they were equally represented in all treatments resulted in the creation of species combinations in biodiversity
A replacement design was used to inoculate experimental cultures, keeping the initial cell abundance constant for all degrees of richness and species combinations. This experiment served as a follow-up to one in which the starting biovolume was fixed. We do not present our preliminary data here because the outcomes of both tests were comparable. Because each species appeared in the experimental design an equal number of times, our design produced an average beginning biovolume (1.37 107 m3/mL) across richness treatments biodiversity . Biovolume, on the other hand, varied amongst species combinations, ranging from 1.4 105 m3/mL in the Chaetoceros and Nannochloris treatment to 4 107 m3/mL in the Coscinodiscus and Dunaliella treatment. In statistical studies (see "Data Analyses"), initial biovolume was employed as a covariate. 20 mL of inoculum were added..
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expression of our emotions is controlled by the cortex while interpretation of the emotions is controlled by the limbic system. t/f
The prefrontal cortex regulates how we express our emotions, whereas the limbic system regulates how we understand them.
The limbic system has been connected to the synthesis of hormones that help control the autonomic nervous system, feelings of desire & reward, education, memory, the flight or fight response, hunger, and thirst. The feeling & expression of emotions as well as some of the body's autonomic processes, are all governed by the limbic system. The limbic system gives individuals the ability to feel and express emotions, including fear, anger, joy, and sadness, which helps them communicate and withstand psychological and physical hardships. Since the prefrontal cortex functions as a sort of control center, assisting in the direction of our activities, this region is also engaged in the management of emotions. The prefrontal cortex and amygdala are both a member of the emotion system.
(Expression of our emotions is controlled by the ______________ cortex while interpretation of the emotions is controlled by the ____________ system.)
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a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant. tall is dominant to short. use the rules of probability to determine the percentage of short offspring resulting from the cross.
Answer:
the answer would be 25%
Explanation:
25% of the heterozygous cross are short, and the offspring of a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive pea plant will always display the dominant trait (phenotype) because they are heterozygous.
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Analyze the statements below and select those that correctly apply to polysaccharide structure and function.
a.) Starch is composed of beta-glucose joined by 1,4 bonds, producing long linear chains of polysaccharides that are hydrogen-bonded along their length.
b.) Peptidoglycan is composed of polysaccharide attached to short chain amino acids and is an integral component of certain bacterial cell walls.
c.) Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all polymers of glucose that differ because of the additional macromolecules associated with each.
d.) Polysaccharides are formed when monosaccharides are joined through hydrolysis reactions.
e.) Cellulose is composed of beta-glucose joined by 1,4 bonds, producing long linear chains of polysaccharides that are hydrogen-bonded along their length.
The statements that correctly apply to polysaccharide such as starch, peptidoglycan and cellulose in structure and function.
Due to the components of the extracellular cell matrix, which are plentiful in the biomass and are simple to get from a variety of sources, such as forest products, grasses, and algae, natural biopolymers demonstrate outstanding bioactivity and strong biocompatibility.
The building block of starch is beta-glucose, which is connected by 1,4 bonds to form long, linear chains of polysaccharides that are hydrogen bonded all the way through. Certain bacterial cell walls include peptididoglycan, which is a polymer connected to short chain amino acids. When monosaccharides combine through hydrolysis processes, polysaccharides are produced. Beta-glucose is the primary component of cellulose, which is connected together by 1/4 bonds to form long, linear chains of polysaccharides that are hydrogen bonded throughout.Hence, repeating monomer unit combine to form natural polymer.
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first, drag the labels of group 1 to their respective targets to identify the types of sugars and the type of reaction shown.
drag the labels of group 1 to their respective targets to identify the types of sugars and the type of reaction shown .Disaccharide is created when a monosaccharide undergoes a dehydration event (loses water).
nomenclature and structures
The word "carbohydrate" refers to the majority of simple carbohydrates, which have the general elemental composition Cx(H2O)y. It is derived from the German "kohlenhydrate" and the related French "hydrate de carbone." According to the following imbalanced equation, their composition is related to the fact that they are created by photosynthesis from carbon dioxide and water:
Sugar + O2 + CO2 + H2O
The vast majority of naturally occurring carbohydrates present in living things, however, do not have the straightforward empirical formula Cx(H2O)y. Instead, the majority of naturally occurring carbohydrates are composed of oligomers (oligosaccharides or polymers (polysaccharides [Chapter 4]) by combining sugars with the other components of other molecules monosaccharide.
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