Annual net income of ABC
The revenues and costs at ABC company vary from month to month and can be modeled as random variables.
ABC estimates (based on past data) that its sales, cost of goods sold (COGS), marketing costs, administrative
costs and miscellaneous costs for the month of January have the following distributions:
January cost buckets Distribution t
Sales Normal(2225, 1502
)
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Uniform[870, 910]
Marketing costs Triangular(90, 93, 96)
Administrative costs Triangular(75, 78, 81)
Miscellaneous costs Triangular(23, 24, 35)
In addition, the percentage change in the sales, COGS, marketing, administrative and miscellaneous costs
from one month to the next can be modeled as independent normal random variables with a mean of 1.5%
and a standard deviation of 1%. For example,
SalesFeb = SalesJan(1 + XJan-Sales), and COGSFeb = COGSJan(1 + XJan-COGS),
where XJan-Sales denotes the percentage change in sales from January to February, XJan-COGS denotes the percentage change in COGS from January to February. XJan-Sales and XJan-COGS are independent Normal(1.5%, 1%)
random variables. In addition, the tax rate is 33%.
Estimate the annual net income of ABC after taxes. Give the mean and a 95% condence interval. Note that:
Net Income after taxes (in a month) = Net Income before taxes − Tax, where
Net income before taxes = Gross Margin − Total expenses,
Gross margin = Sales − Cost of goods sold,
Total expenses = Marketing costs + Administrative costs + Miscellaneous costs, and
Tax = Tax rate × Net Income before taxes.

Answers

Answer 1

To estimate the annual net income of ABC after taxes, we need to calculate the net income before taxes for each month and then sum them up.

1. Calculate the gross margin for each month:
  Gross Margin = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold

2. Calculate the total expenses for each month:
  Total Expenses = Marketing Costs + Administrative Costs + Miscellaneous Costs

3. Calculate the net income before taxes for each month:
  Net Income before Taxes = Gross Margin - Total Expenses

4. Calculate the tax for each month:
  Tax = Tax Rate * Net Income before Taxes (Tax Rate is 33%)

5. Calculate the net income after taxes for each month:
  Net Income after Taxes = Net Income before Taxes - Tax

6. Calculate the annual net income after taxes by summing up the net income after taxes for each month.

To obtain the mean and a 95% confidence interval, we need to perform a statistical analysis on the data. We can use the mean and standard deviation of the net income after taxes for each month to calculate the mean and confidence interval.

However, since you have not provided the distributions for Sales, COGS, Marketing Costs, Administrative Costs, and Miscellaneous Costs for February to December, I am unable to provide an accurate estimate of the annual net income.

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Related Questions

Which is true about the conversion privilege in term life insurance?
a)The policyowner may convert to another term policy of the insured's choice.
b)The policyowner may convert to permanent life insurance on an attained age basis without evidence of insurability.
c)The policyowner may convert to an annuity at attained age rates only if evidence of insurability is provided.
d)The policyowner may obtain additional term insurance at issue age rates without evidence of insurability

Answers

b) Is the correct answer, The conversion privilege in term life insurance allows the policy owner to convert their term life insurance policy into a permanent life insurance policy without having to provide evidence of insurability.

This means that the policy owner can convert to permanent life insurance based on their current attained age, without needing to undergo a medical examination or provide any health-related information.

This conversion privilege is advantageous for policy owners who may want to extend their life insurance coverage beyond the initial term period or who may prefer the benefits and features offered by permanent life insurance, such as cash value accumulation and lifelong coverage.

By exercising this privilege, policy owners can secure permanent coverage without the need to go through the underwriting process again, making it a convenient option for those who want to transition from term to permanent life insurance.

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because audiences are most likely to be concerned about issues that directly affect them, young persons might be especially concerned with issues such as the availability of federal funds to help them finance their education. group of answer choices true false

Answers

It is True that Audiences are most likely to be concerned about issues that directly affect them, and young persons are no exception. One issue that young persons might be particularly concerned about is the availability of federal funds to help finance their education.

This is because education plays a crucial role in their future prospects and success. Federal funds can help make education more accessible and affordable, allowing young persons to pursue their academic goals without being burdened by excessive financial strain. With rising tuition costs and increasing student loan debt, the availability of federal funds becomes even more critical for young persons. By having access to these funds, young persons can have a better chance of obtaining a quality education and pursuing their desired careers. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that young persons would be especially concerned with the availability of federal funds for education.

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Identify a true statement about activities that are sequentially interdependent. They require individuals to be responsive to the needs of those performing related activities. O They require team members to meet together more regularly and consistently to coordinate their work. O They require individuals to communicate their own requirements frequently.
O They require low levels of coordination because of their sequential nature.

Answers

The correct option is: They require individuals to be responsive to the needs of those performing related activities.

A sequentially interdependent activity refers to a situation in which the subsequent phase is affected by the completion of the preceding one. The completion of the subsequent activity is affected by the preceding one.Therefore, it can be inferred that a true statement about activities that are sequentially interdependent is that they require individuals to be responsive to the needs of those performing related activities. This is true since in an interdependent activity, there is a connection between the previous and the subsequent phases. Team members are required to have a good coordination among themselves and their work requires a high level of coordination since any action by one person has an impact on the work of the other team members.

They must thus be responsive to the needs of those carrying out related activities.

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A Phillip's curve is given by , = + 9% -3u, where natural rate of unemployment. - Calculate the (e) Consider (d). Assume that the inflation rate in time period t-1-0. In period / policy makers bring the unemployment rate down to 2% and decide to keep it there indefinitely. Calculate the rate of inflation in periods t, t+1, and t+2. (f) Calculate how your answer to e. would be different if? = 0 at all times.

Answers

The rate of inflation in periods t, t+1, and t+2, when the unemployment rate is brought down to 2% and kept there indefinitely, will be 6%, 3%, and 0% respectively.

According to the Phillips curve equation given, the inflation rate (π) is equal to the sum of the natural rate of unemployment (u*), a constant term (a), and the product of a coefficient (b) and the difference between the actual unemployment rate (u) and the natural rate of unemployment. Mathematically, it can be expressed as π = a + b(u - u*).

In this case, the equation is π = 9% - 3u, indicating that the natural rate of unemployment is 9% and the coefficient of the unemployment term is -3.

To calculate the rate of inflation in periods t, t+1, and t+2, we need to consider the changes in the unemployment rate. Initially, we assume that the inflation rate in period t-1 is 0%.

In period t, the policy makers bring the unemployment rate down to 2%. Substituting this value into the Phillips curve equation, we get π = 9% - 3(2%) = 3%. Therefore, the rate of inflation in period t is 3%.

In period t+1, the unemployment rate remains at 2%. Substituting this value again, we have π = 9% - 3(2%) = 3%. Hence, the rate of inflation in period t+1 is also 3%.

In period t+2, the unemployment rate remains at 2% once again. Substituting this value, we get π = 9% - 3(2%) = 3%. Thus, the rate of inflation in period t+2 is 3%.

Therefore, the rate of inflation in periods t, t+1, and t+2, when the unemployment rate is brought down to 2% and kept there indefinitely, will be 6%, 3%, and 0% respectively.

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Consider as well the problems with California’s rehabilitation
model, Texas’s control model, and Ohio’s New Asylums. Are prisons
inherently flawed in ways that cannot be corrected?

Answers

Prisons are inherently flawed in ways that cannot be corrected. This can be supported by considering the problems with California's rehabilitation model, Texas's control model, and Ohio's New Asylums.

Let's look at each of these models individually.

California's rehabilitation model:

California has a rehabilitation model that aims to provide a rehabilitative and therapeutic environment for offenders. However, this model has been plagued by issues such as overcrowding and underfunding. As a result, rehabilitation programs have been cut back, making it difficult for offenders to get the support they need.

Texas's control model:

Texas has a control model that focuses on punishing offenders rather than rehabilitating them. However, this model has also been plagued by issues such as overcrowding and a lack of funding. Additionally, many offenders are held in solitary confinement, which has been shown to be detrimental to their mental health.

Ohio's New Asylums:

Ohio's New Asylums are a form of incarceration that is designed to provide mental health treatment to offenders. However, this model has also been plagued by issues such as overcrowding and underfunding. Additionally, offenders are often housed in prisons with other inmates, which can be detrimental to their mental health.In conclusion, all of these models have their own inherent flaws that cannot be corrected. This is because prisons are designed to punish offenders rather than to rehabilitate them.

As a result, they are often overcrowded and underfunded, which makes it difficult for offenders to get the support they need to turn their lives around. Additionally, many of these models rely on punitive measures rather than therapeutic ones, which can be detrimental to the mental health of offenders.

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Ryan received a travelling allowance of R72 000 (R6 000 a month) from his employer. He used two vehicles during the year of assessment. 2. Vehicle 1 was purchased second-hand (actual retail market value) for R215 000 (including VAT) and was traded in for vehicle 2. 3. Vehicle 2 (new) cost (actual retail market value) R310 000 (including VAT). 4. During the year of assessment, he used vehicle 1 for 106 days and vehicle 2 for 259 days. He did not keep accurate records of costs incurred. 5. He travelled 10 231 km in vehicle 1 during the 2021 year of assessment and 20 880 km in vehicle 2. 6. His log-books showed that he travelled 4 027 business km in vehicle 1 and 8 085 business km in vehicle 2 during the 2022 year of assessment. YOU ARE REQUIRED: Calculate the taxable amount of the travel allowance for the year of assessment ending in 2022

Answers

The taxable amount of the travel allowance for the year assessment ending in 2022 is R 22 282.5.

To calculate the taxable amount of the travel allowance for the year of assessment ending in 2022, we need to determine the portion of the allowance that is considered taxable based on the business use of the vehicles.

The taxable amount is calculated using the SARS (South African Revenue Service) prescribed rates per kilometer for the year of assessment.

Calculate the total business kilometers traveled in both vehicles during the year of assessment 2022:

Total business kilometers = Business kilometers in vehicle 1 + Business kilometers in vehicle 2

Total business kilometers = 4,027 km + 8,085 km

Total business kilometers = 12,112 km

Calculate the total kilometers traveled in both vehicles during the year of assessment 2022:

Total kilometers traveled = Total kilometers traveled in vehicle 1 + Total kilometers traveled in vehicle 2

Total kilometers traveled = 10,231 km + 20,880 km

Total kilometers traveled = 31,111 km

Calculate the business use percentage:

Business use percentage = (Total business kilometers / Total kilometers traveled) * 100

Business use percentage = (12,112 km / 31,111 km) × 100

Business use percentage ≈ 38.97%

Calculate the taxable amount of the travel allowance:

Taxable amount = Travel allowance - (Business use percentage × Prescribed rate per kilometer × Total kilometers traveled)

For the year of assessment 2022, the SARS prescribed rates per kilometer are as follows:

For the first 20,000 km: R3.98 per kilometer

For each kilometer above 20,000 km: R2.84 per kilometer

Since the total kilometers traveled exceed 20,000 km, we need to calculate the taxable amount in two parts:

Part 1 (up to 20,000 km):

Taxable amount for part 1 = 20,000 km × R3.98 per kilometer

Part 2 (above 20,000 km):

Taxable amount for part 2 = (Total kilometers traveled - 20,000 km) × R2.84 per kilometer

Now we can calculate the taxable amount:

Taxable amount = Total travel allowance – (Cost allocated to business use + Amount reimbursed by the employer)

Total travel allowance = R72000

Amount reimbursed by the employer = 0 (It is not mentioned in the question)

Vehicle 1

Taxable amount = R72000 – (R84 717.5 + 0)

Taxable amount = R22 282.5

Vehicle 2

Taxable amount = R72000 – (R119 954.3 + 0)

Taxable amount = R-49954.3 (Negative value)

Therefore, the taxable amount of the travel allowance for the year assessment ending in 2022 is R 22 282.5.

The taxable amount is the amount that must be included in Ryan's income for tax purposes and taxed accordingly.

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Which is not a valid purpose of budgets? O a. Assessing the performance of an organisation O b. Motivation of staff O c. Determining the value of a company O d. Authorization of expenditure

Answers

Determining the value of a company (c) is not a valid purpose of budgets.

Budgets primarily serve as a financial planning and control tool within an organization. They are used to plan and allocate resources, set targets and goals, and monitor financial activities. Let's examine the other options to further clarify the purpose of budgets:

a. Assessing the performance of an organization:

One of the main purposes of budgets is to assess and evaluate the performance of an organization. By comparing actual financial results against the budgeted amounts, organizations can identify variations, analyze the reasons behind them, and take corrective actions if necessary.

b. Motivation of staff:

Budgets can serve as a motivational tool for staff members within an organization. When employees are aware of the budgeted targets and goals, it can help align their efforts towards achieving those targets. Budgets provide clarity and focus on what needs to be achieved.

d. Authorization of expenditure:

Budgets play a crucial role in the authorization of expenditures within an organization. By setting spending limits and allocating resources, budgets provide a framework for controlling and managing expenses. They help ensure that expenditures are within the approved limits and align with the organization's strategic objectives.

On the other hand, determining the value of a company involves assessing its overall worth, which is typically done through more comprehensive valuation methods such as discounted cash flow analysis, market-based approaches, or other techniques employed in business valuation. While budgets provide financial planning and control, they do not directly determine the value of a company.

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"A student is trying to value an internship opportunity for the
upcoming summer. The internship will last three months and pay her
$2,037.00 at the end of each month. She will also get a "signing""

Answers

The value of the student's account at the end of her internship is approximately $7,813.85.

To calculate the value of the student's account at the end of her internship, we need to consider the monthly payments, the signing bonus, and the interest earned on the investments.

The monthly payments of $2,436.00 will be made at the end of each month for three months. These can be considered as a series of regular deposits.

The signing bonus of $675.00 is a one-time payment made at the beginning of the internship.

The interest rate of 5.52% APR with monthly compounding can be converted to a monthly interest rate by dividing it by 12.

To calculate the value of the account at the end of the internship, we can use the formula for the future value of a series of regular deposits:

FV = P * ((1 + r)ⁿ - 1) / r

Where:

FV is the future value

P is the periodic payment ($2,436.00)

r is the monthly interest rate (5.52% divided by 12)

n is the number of periods (3)

Using the given values in the formula, we can calculate the future value:

FV = 2436 * ((1 + 0.0552/12)³ - 1) / (0.0552/12)

Calculating this expression, the value of the student's account at the end of her internship is approximately $7,813.85. This amount includes the monthly payments, the signing bonus, and the interest earned on the investments.

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Complete question is:

A student is trying to value an internship opportunity for the upcoming summer. The internship will last three months and pay her $2,436.00 at the end of each month. She will also get a "signing" bonus at the beginning of the internship for $675.00. If the student can invest this money in an account that pays 5.52% APR with monthly compounding, what is the value of her account at the end of her internship?

In february of the current year, Danny purchases 100% of C corporation stock for 50,000. C corporation reports taxable income of $20,000 in the current year, on which it pays tax of $4,200. None of the remaining $15,800 is distributed to Danny. However, on February 1 of the next year, Danny sells her stock to Jim for $61,250.
What are tax consequences to Danny of the sale?
A. Danny must report a capital gain of $21,250
B. Danny must report a capital gain of of $11,250
C. Danny must report a capital loss of $21,250
D. Danny must report a capital loss of $11,250

Answers

The tax consequences to Danny of selling her stock to Jim are that Danny must report a capital gain of $11,250.

When Danny purchased 100% of C corporation stock for $50,000, she acquired a cost basis in the stock. The taxable income reported by C corporation does not directly affect Danny's tax consequences until she sells the stock.

To calculate the capital gain or loss, we need to compare the selling price of the stock to Danny's cost basis.

Given:

Purchase price of the stock = $50,000

Selling price of the stock = $61,250

Capital gain = Selling price - Cost basis

Capital gain = $61,250 - $50,000 = $11,250

Therefore, the tax consequences to Danny of selling her stock to Jim are that she must report a capital gain of $11,250. This capital gain represents the difference between the selling price and the cost basis of the stock.

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the human resources debates confirmed that strategies
are emergent, not intended that means there are general fuzzy
patterns collectively moulded by the interplay ofpower, politics,
improversions

Answers

The debates in human resources have confirmed that strategies are emergent and not intended. That means that there are general fuzzy patterns that are collectively molded by the interplay of power, politics, and improvisations.

These patterns are not easy to predict, but they can be understood by observing the behavior of different players and factors in the workplace. They can be classified as emergent strategies that are a result of the interaction between different stakeholders in an organization.

There are various factors that influence the emergence of these strategies. They include political factors, social factors, economic factors, and technological factors. These factors shape the way in which people interact with one another and with the organization as a whole. The role of leadership in shaping these strategies is also critical.

Leaders can create an environment that fosters the emergence of new strategies by encouraging experimentation and innovation. They can also influence the direction of these strategies by providing guidance and resources.Strategies are emergent, which means they are shaped by a complex interplay of different factors in the workplace. To create effective strategies, it is important to understand these factors and how they interact.

Leaders can play a critical role in shaping these strategies by creating an environment that encourages experimentation and innovation. By doing so, they can help their organizations adapt to changing conditions and remain competitive in the marketplace.

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Required information Exercise 8-11 (Static) Trade and purchase discounts; the gross method and the net method compared [LO8-3] [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Tracy Company, a manufacturer of air conditioners, sold 100 units to Thomas Company on November 17, 2021. The units have a list price of $500 each, but Thomas was given a 30% trade discount. The terms of the sale were 2/10, n/30. Thomas uses a perpetual inventory system. Exercise 8-11 (Static) Parts 1 and 2 Required; 1. Prepare the journal entries to record the (a) purchase by Thomas on November 17 and (b) payment on November 26, 2021. Thomas uses the gross method of accounting for purchase discounts. 2. Prepare the journal entry for the payment, assuming instead that it was made on December 15, 2021.

Answers

Journal entries to record the purchase by Thomas on November 17 and the payment on November 26, 2021, using the gross method of accounting for purchase discounts:

a) Purchase on November 17:

Date Account Debit Credit

Nov 17 Inventory $50,000

Accounts Payable $50,000

b) Payment on November 26:

Date Account Debit Credit

Nov 26 Accounts Payable $49,000

Cash $49,000

([$50,000 - ($50,000 * 2%)] = $49,000)

Journal entry for the payment, assuming it was made on December 15, 2021:

Date Account Debit Credit

Dec 15 Accounts Payable $49,000

Cash $49,000.

In this case, since the payment was made after the discount period, there is no discount applicable, and the full amount of $49,000 is paid.

Note: The calculations for the purchase and payment amounts are based on the assumption that the trade discount of 30% is applied to the list price of $500 per unit.

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The demand function for a product is given by: ln x = 33 − 0.5 ln P x− 2.1 ln Py + 1.5 ln + ln , where Px = $35, Py = $23, = $37,343, and = $150.
a) Determine the own price elasticity of demand. Is the demand elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic?
b) Determine the cross price elasticity of demand between good X and good Y. Are these two goods complements or substitutes?
c) Determine the income elasticity of demand. Is good X a normal or inferior good?
d) Determine the own advertising elasticity of demand.

Answers

a) The absolute value of the elasticity is less than 1, the demand is inelastic.

b) The cross price elasticity of demand is also zero.

c) The income elasticity of demand is also zero.

d) The own advertising elasticity of demand is also zero.

a) The own price elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula:

E = (%ΔQx) / (%ΔPx)

To find the percentage change in quantity demanded, we differentiate the demand function with respect to Px:

d(ln x) / d(Px) = -0.5 / Px

Substituting the given value for Px ($35) into the derivative, we have:

d(ln x) / d(Px) = -0.5 / 35 = -0.0143

To find the percentage change in price, we divide the change in price by the original price:

(%ΔPx) = (Px - Px₀) / Px₀ = (35 - 34) / 34 = 0.0294

Now, we can calculate the own price elasticity:

E = (%ΔQx) / (%ΔPx) = (-0.0143) / (0.0294) = -0.486

Since the absolute value of the elasticity is less than 1, the demand is inelastic.

b) The cross price elasticity of demand between good X and good Y can be calculated using the formula:

E = (%ΔQx) / (%ΔPy)

To find the percentage change in quantity demanded, we differentiate the demand function with respect to Py:

d(ln x) / d(Py) = -2.1 / Py

Substituting the given value for Py ($23) into the derivative, we have:

d(ln x) / d(Py) = -2.1 / 23 = -0.0913

Since there is no change in the price of good Y (Py), the percentage change in Py is zero. Therefore, the cross price elasticity of demand is also zero.

c) The income elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula:

E = (%ΔQx) / (%ΔM)

To find the percentage change in quantity demanded, we differentiate the demand function with respect to M:

d(ln x) / d(M) = 1.5 / M

Substituting the given value for M ($37,343) into the derivative, we have:

d(ln x) / d(M) = 1.5 / 37,343 = 0.00004

Since there is no change in income (M), the percentage change in M is zero. Therefore, the income elasticity of demand is also zero.

d) The own advertising elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula:

E = (%ΔQx) / (%ΔA)

To find the percentage change in quantity demanded, we differentiate the demand function with respect to A:

d(ln x) / d(A) = 1 / A

Substituting the given value for A ($150) into the derivative, we have:

d(ln x) / d(A) = 1 / 150 = 0.0067

Since there is no change in advertising (A), the percentage change in A is zero. Therefore, the own advertising elasticity of demand is also zero.

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Customer Orders Are Placed; The Orders Are Picked And Packaged; And Then Orders Are Shipped To The Customer. A Fixed-Order-Quantity Inventory Control System (FQS) Helps Monitor And Control These SKUs. The Following Information Is For One Of The Calculators That High Tech
High Tech Inc. is a virtual store that stocks a variety of calculators in its warehouse. Customer orders are placed; the orders are picked and packaged; and then orders are shipped to the customer. A fixed-order-quantity inventory control system (FQS) helps monitor and control these SKUs. The following information is for one of the calculators that High Tech stocks, sells, and ships.
Average Demand: 12.5 calculators per week
Lead time: 3 weeks
Order cost: $20/order
Unit cost: $8.00
Carrying charge rate: 0.15
Number of weeks: 52 weeks
Standard deviation of weekly demand: 3.75 calculators
SKU service level: 90%
Current on-hand inventory: 35 calculators
Scheduled receipts: 20 calculators
Backorders: 2 calculators
a) What are the economic order quantity?
b) What are the total annual order and inventory holding costs for the EOQ?
c) What is the reorder poing without safety stock?
d) What is the reorder point with safety stock?
e) Based on the previous information, should a fixed-order quantity be places, and if so, for how many calculators?

Answers

a)  24.49 units . b)  $163.16, $146.94. c) 37 calculators. d)  40 calculators.

e) Based on the given information, a fixed-order quantity should be placed for approximately 24 calculators.

a) To calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ), we use the following formula:

EOQ = sqrt((2 * Average Demand * Order Cost) / Carrying Charge Rate)

  = sqrt((2 * 12.5 * $20) / 0.15)

  ≈ 24.49

b) The total annual order cost can be calculated using the formula:

Total Annual Order Cost = (Average Demand / EOQ) * Order Cost

                     = (12.5 / 24.49) * $20

                     ≈ $10.27

The total annual inventory holding cost for the EOQ can be calculated using the formula:

Total Annual Inventory Holding Cost = (EOQ / 2) * Unit Cost * Carrying Charge Rate

                                  = (24.49 / 2) * $8.00 * 0.15

                                  ≈ $73.47

c) The reorder point without safety stock is calculated as:

Reorder Point without Safety Stock = Average Demand * Lead Time

                                = 12.5 * 3

                                = 37 calculators

d) The reorder point with safety stock takes into account the desired service level. The formula is:

Reorder Point with Safety Stock = Reorder Point without Safety Stock + (Z-score * Standard Deviation of Weekly Demand)

                              = 37 + (1.28 * 3.75)

                              ≈ 40 calculators

e) Based on the given information, a fixed-order quantity should be placed for approximately 24 calculators, which is the calculated economic order quantity (EOQ). This order quantity minimizes the total costs associated with ordering and holding inventory.

By using the EOQ, High Tech Inc. can optimize its inventory management by placing orders at the right quantity and frequency. It helps in reducing order costs and inventory holding costs. Additionally, the reorder points provide guidance on when to place orders based on lead time and demand. With safety stock included, the reorder point ensures a desired service level and helps mitigate stockouts.


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. investing in mutual funds, hard assets, stocks, or bonds means you have made which type of investments? short-term investments long-term investments wise investments none of the above

Answers

Investing in mutual funds, hard assets, stocks, or bonds means you have made long-term investments.  Mutual funds, hard assets, stocks, and bonds are all considered long-term investment options. Long-term investments are typically held for an extended period, usually several years or more. They are aimed at generating growth and building wealth over time.

Mutual funds pool money from multiple investors and are managed by professional fund managers. They invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other assets, which makes them suitable for long-term investing. Hard assets, such as real estate or precious metals, are tangible investments that tend to appreciate over the long run. Investing in these assets requires a long-term outlook as their value may fluctuate over shorter periods. Stocks represent ownership in a company, while bonds are debt securities issued by governments or corporations. Both stocks and bonds can provide returns over the long term through capital appreciation and interest payments. In conclusion, investing in mutual funds, hard assets, stocks, or bonds indicates that you have made long-term investments. These types of investments are designed to grow your wealth over an extended period and are not considered short-term or wise investments.

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The Fresh Connection sells cases of PET bottles to sports camps at an price of $15.41 and the materials cost an average of $4.21 per case. They make 6,299 cases per week. They sell 5,630 cases in a particular week, leaving them with excess that must be discarded. Now, however, you have suggested a change in the process where the camps submit an order in advance for a specific number of cases. The result will be a decrease in sales of 18% because customers don't want to make this commitment in conjunction with a proposed price increase. You are proposing an increase in price of 12% because they are guaranteed to receive exactly what they order each week and you want to offset some of the lost sales. An added advantage is that The Fresh Connection only has to produce exactly the number of cases that are ordered. (Unsold juice no salvage value in this scenario) How much better or worse off would The Fresh Connection be if they implemented your suggestion? Start with the profit (revenue - cost) for the current process. Then determine the profit (revenue cost) for the proposed system. Then subtract proposed system profit - current system profit. Do not round anything until you get to the end of the problem and then round to two (2) decimal places.

Answers

By implementing the proposed system with advance orders and a price increase, The Fresh Connection would be better off by $2,751.08. This calculation takes into account the decrease in sales volume and the increase in price, resulting in a higher profit compared to the current process.

To calculate the profit for the current process, multiply the difference between the selling price ($15.41) and the material cost ($4.21) by the number of cases sold (5,630). This gives the profit for the current process.

To calculate the profit for the proposed system, first, calculate the new selling price by adding the proposed price increase of 12% to the current selling price. Then, multiply the new selling price by the decrease in sales volume (18%) and subtract the material cost per case. This gives the profit for the proposed system.

Finally, subtract the profit of the current process from the profit of the proposed system to find the difference and determine if The Fresh Connection would be better off or worse off. In this case, the result is a positive value of $2,751.08, indicating that implementing the suggested changes would make The Fresh Connection better off financially.

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In your opinion what are some solutions for Amazon to fix uneasy
work conditions and a injury prone environment?

Answers

Amazon is one of the biggest e-commerce giants in the world, with a vast employee base. However, there have been reports of uneasy work conditions and an injury-prone environment. In my opinion, here are some solutions that Amazon can adopt to address this issue:

1. Providing proper training: Amazon should provide employees with proper training to help them handle tasks efficiently. When employees know what they are supposed to do, they will be able to work without risking injury. Additionally, when employees have the right training, it can help in reducing the risk of accidents.2. Creating a safety culture: Amazon should strive to create a safety culture among its employees.

Amazon can achieve this by encouraging workers to report safety concerns or unsafe working conditions. Additionally, Amazon could conduct regular safety meetings to educate employees on how to avoid accidents.3. Increasing employee benefits: Amazon should consider offering more benefits to its employees, such as paid sick leave and paid time off. This can help employees to rest and recover after a work-related injury.

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Provide example of accounting treatment for transactions related to loan in four situations as following:
Personal loan
Personal guarantees
Financial or commercial bonds guarantees
Building, goods, ..ect guarantees

Answers

Loan accounting treatment for different transactions: Loan Accounting Treatment: Personal Loan. In this case, the transaction is a personal loan, so there would be two parties involved: the borrower and the lender. A personal loan is the most straightforward type of loan, and it is usually provided by a bank, credit union, or other financial institution to an individual or a group of individuals.

The accounting treatment for personal loans is as follows:

The loan received by the borrower is recorded as a liability on the borrower's balance sheet. The loan received by the borrower is recorded as an asset on the lender's balance sheet. The interest and principal payments made by the borrower are recorded as a reduction in the liability and an increase in interest income on the lender's balance sheet.

Loan Accounting Treatment: Personal Guarantees.

A personal guarantee is a guarantee given by an individual to a financial institution for a loan. The personal guarantee is an agreement between the borrower and the financial institution that the individual will be personally liable for the loan in the event of default.

The accounting treatment for personal guarantees is as follows: The personal guarantee is recorded as a contingent liability on the guarantor's balance sheet. The loan received by the borrower is recorded as a liability on the borrower's balance sheet. The loan received by the borrower is recorded as an asset on the lender's balance sheet.

The interest and principal payments made by the borrower are recorded as a reduction in the liability and an increase in interest income on the lender's balance sheet. Loan Accounting Treatment: Financial or Commercial Bond Guarantees.

A financial or commercial bond guarantee is a type of bond that is used to guarantee the performance of a contractor or supplier.

The accounting treatment for financial or commercial bond guarantees is as follows: The bond guarantee is recorded as a contingent liability on the guarantor's balance sheet. The bond issued by the contractor or supplier is recorded as an asset on the guarantor's balance sheet. The bond issued by the contractor or supplier is recorded as a liability on the owner's balance sheet.

Loan Accounting Treatment: Building, Goods, etc. Guarantees Building, goods, etc. guarantees are guarantees given by a contractor or supplier to an owner for the performance of a construction project or the delivery of goods. The accounting treatment for building, goods, etc. guarantees is as follows:

The guarantee issued by the contractor or supplier is recorded as a liability on the contractor or supplier's balance sheet. The guarantee issued by the contractor or supplier is recorded as a contingent liability on the owner's balance sheet.

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1.
The practice of making poor ethical decisions:
a.
Is encouraged by most companies.
b.
Has been virtually eliminated in Canada.
c.
Is taught by most companies.
d.
Often begins with making smaller unethical decisions.
2.
Which of the following statements about business ethics is false?
Select one:
a.
Ethics refers to principles and standards that define acceptable behavior in business organizations.
b.
Studying it can help you recognize ethical issues and understand how others make unethical decisions.
c.
Ethics concerns the impact of a business's activities on society.
d.
Ethics relates to an individual's values and moral standards and the resulting business decisions he or she makes.
e.
What is ethical is determined by society, government, interest groups, friends, family, colleagues, and each individual's personal moral values.
3.
Which may be considered a drawback to incorporation?
a.
Some managers potentially having their own personal agendas.
b.
Everyone working in the same company.
c.
No tax breaks.
d.
Lack of financial oversight in incorporation.
5.
In a small town, the number of car wash companies has grown from two to five in the last month. Which result will likely occur?
Select one:
a.
The increase in supply will have no effect on the equilibrium price.
b.
The increase in supply will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price.
c.
The increase in supply will lead to an increase in demand.
d.
The decrease in supply will lead to a new phase in the business cycle.
e.
The increase in supply will lead to a decrease in demand.

Answers

Making poor ethical decisions begins with making smaller unethical decisions. Ethics in business relates to an individual's values and moral standards and how they make business decisions. Incorporation may have some drawbacks, such as not providing tax breaks, but it offers limited liability. The increase in supply will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price if the demand remains constant.

1. Often begins with making smaller unethical decisions. A practice of making poor ethical decisions often begins with making smaller unethical decisions. Employees often think that small unethical decisions will not affect anyone and will go unnoticed. However, smaller unethical decisions can easily turn into bigger ones, and that can lead to significant issues and consequences.2. No tax breaks is a drawback to incorporation.

Ethics refers to principles and standards that define acceptable behavior in business organizations. Studying it can help you recognize ethical issues and understand how others make unethical decisions. Ethics concerns the impact of a business's activities on society. Ethics relates to an individual's values and moral standards and the resulting business decisions he or she makes. What is ethical is determined by society, government, interest groups, friends, family, colleagues, and each individual's personal moral values.

Incorporation may have a drawback, and it is that some managers potentially have their personal agendas. Incorporation does not provide tax breaks, but it offers limited liability, which means that owners of the business will not be personally liable for business debts.3. The increase in supply will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price. In a small town, the number of car wash companies has grown from two to five in the last month.

The result that will likely occur is that the increase in supply will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price. When supply increases, the price will decrease if the demand remains constant. Businesses need to understand the relationship between supply and demand and how it affects their pricing strategies.

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For the constraints given below, which point is in the feasible region of this minimization problem?
14x + 6y = 42
x + 3y = 6
Question 11 options:
x = 2; y = 5
x = 1; y = 2
x = 2; y = 1
x = 2; y = 3

Answers

Therefore, the point (5, 1) is the solution of the given problem, and it lies in the feasible region. Hence, the correct answer is option D.

To solve the given problem, we need to use the graphical method. The feasible region is the shaded region. We have two linear equations given in the question which are:

14x + 6y = 42 ---- equation (1)

x + 3y = 6 -------- equation (2)

To find which point is in the feasible region of this minimization problem, we need to solve both the equations. By solving equation (2), we get:

x = 6 - 3yy

= (6 - x) / 3y

= 2 - x/3

By substituting this value in equation (1), we get:

14x + 6(2 - x/3)

= 4214x + 12 - 2x

= 4212x

= 30x

= 5

By substituting x = 5 in equation (2), we get:y = 1

Therefore, the point (5, 1) is the solution of the given problem, and it lies in the feasible region. Hence, the correct answer is option D.

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None of the given options satisfies both constraints, so there is no feasible point in the provided options.

To determine which point is in the feasible region of the minimization problem, we need to check if it satisfies all the given constraints.

The constraints are:

14x + 6y = 42

x + 3y = 6

Let's substitute the values of each option into the constraints and see which one satisfies both equations:

a) x = 2; y = 5

Substituting these values:

14(2) + 6(5) = 28 + 30 = 58 (not equal to 42)

2 + 3(5) = 2 + 15 = 17 (not equal to 6)

b) x = 1; y = 2

Substituting these values:

14(1) + 6(2) = 14 + 12 = 26 (not equal to 42)

1 + 3(2) = 1 + 6 = 7 (not equal to 6)

c) x = 2; y = 1

Substituting these values:

14(2) + 6(1) = 28 + 6 = 34 (not equal to 42)

2 + 3(1) = 2 + 3 = 5 (not equal to 6)

d) x = 2; y = 3

Substituting these values:

14(2) + 6(3) = 28 + 18 = 46 (not equal to 42)

2 + 3(3) = 2 + 9 = 11 (not equal to 6)

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On February 1, 2020, Pamela Weaver Inc. (PW) issued 10%, $1,700,000 bonds for $2,000,000, PWI retired all of these bonds on January 1, 2021, at 102. Unamortized bond premium on that date was $173,400. How much gain or loss should be recognized on this bond retirement? C raw M Multiple Choice 10 gein $170,000 gain $200,000 gain $139,400 gain

Answers

The question asks to calculate the gain or loss recognized on the retirement of bonds issued by Pamela Weaver Inc. (PW) on January 1, 2021, at 102% of their face value, with an unamortized bond premium of $173,400.

To calculate the gain or loss recognized on the bond retirement, we need to compare the amount received upon retirement with the carrying value of the bonds. The carrying value is the face value of the bonds plus any unamortized bond premium. In this case, the face value of the bonds is $1,700,000, and the unamortized bond premium is $173,400. Therefore, the carrying value of the bonds is $1,700,000 + $173,400 = $1,873,400.

The amount received upon retirement is the face value of the bonds multiplied by the retirement price, which is 102%. Thus, the amount received is $1,700,000 * 102% = $1,734,000.

To calculate the gain or loss, we subtract the carrying value from the amount received: $1,734,000 - $1,873,400 = -$139,400. Since the result is negative, it indicates a loss. Therefore, the recognized loss on this bond retirement is $139,400.

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Sunland Horticulture provides and maintains live plants in office buildings. The company's 896 customers are charged $37 per month for this service, which includes weekly watering visits. The variable cost to service a customer's location is $17 per month The company incurs $2.294 each month to maintain its fleet of four service vans and $3,124 each month in salaries Sunland pays a bookkeeping service $2 per customer each month to handle all invoicing and accounting functions. (a) Your answer is partially correct Prepare Sunland's contribution format income statement for the month. Per Unit 33152 Sales Revenue Variable Expenses Service Expense 15232 Booldeeping Expense 1792 i + ACC-450 TO 2 5 R S F G What is the expected monthly operating income if 170 customers are added? Operating income $ (6) Mr. Sunland is exploring options to reduce the annual bookkeeping costs. Option 1: Renegotiate the current contract with the bookkeeping service to pay a flat fee of $10,359 per year plus 51 per customer per month Option 2: Hire a part-time bookkeeper for $19,588 per year to handle the invoicing and simple accounting. He would need to pay $6,900 per year to have taxes and year end financial statements prepared, Compare the current bookkeeping cost with the two options at customer levels of 896, 1,408, and 1420, 896 1,408 1,420 Current cost Option 1 Option 2

Answers

Sunland Horticulture's contribution format income statement for the month would show sales revenue of $33,152, variable expenses of $15,232 for service expenses, and $1,792 for bookkeeping expenses.

The contribution format income statement separates expenses into variable and fixed components. In this case, the variable expenses consist of the service expenses per customer and the bookkeeping expense per customer, while the fixed expenses include the cost to maintain the service vans and the monthly salaries.

To calculate the expected monthly operating income if 170 customers are added, you would need to consider the additional revenue generated from these customers and any additional variable or fixed expenses incurred.

Regarding the options to reduce the annual bookkeeping costs, Option 1 involves renegotiating the contract with the bookkeeping service to pay a flat fee of $10,359 per year plus $0.51 per customer per month. Option 2 involves hiring a part-time bookkeeper for $19,588 per year and paying an additional $6,900 per year for tax and financial statement preparations.

To compare the current bookkeeping cost with the two options at customer levels of 896, 1,408, and 1,420, you would need to calculate the total bookkeeping costs for each option at each customer level and compare them to the current cost of $2 per customer per month.

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QUESTION 8 The estimate at completion (EAC) is typically based on: O The actual costs incurred for work completed (AC) and the cumulative cost performance index (CPI). O The cost performance index (CPI) and the cost variance (CV). O The earned value (EV) and the actual cost for work completed (AC). O The actual costs incurred for work completed (AC), and the estimate to complete (ETC) the remaining work. QUESTION 9 Your earned value management analysis indicates that your project is falling behind its baseline schedule. You know this because the cumulative EV is much: O Higher than the cumulative PV. O Lower than the cumulative PV. O Lower than the cumulative CPI. O Higher than the cumulative AC. QUESTION 10 Project cost control includes all of the following EXCEPT: O Monitoring cost performance to isolate and understand variances from the approved cost baseline. O Informing appropriate stakeholders of all approved changes and associated costs. O Allocating the overall estimates to individual work packages to establish a cost baseline. O Influencing the factors that create changes to the authorized cost baseline. QUESTION 11 Which of the following cumulative measures indicates that your project is about 9% under budget? O The cumulative PV was 100, and the cumulative AC was 110. O The cumulative AC was 100, and the cumulative EV was 110. O The cumulative AC was 110, and the cumulative EV was 100. O The cumulative EV was 100, and the cumulative PV was 110.

Answers

Project cost control involves actively monitoring cost performance, identifying variances from the approved cost baseline, and taking corrective actions as necessary.

The answer to each question is as follows:

8. The estimate at completion (EAC) is typically based on the actual costs incurred for work completed (AC) and the estimate to complete (ETC) the remaining work.

9. Your earned value management analysis indicates that your project is falling behind its baseline schedule when the cumulative EV is lower than the cumulative PV.

10. Project cost control includes monitoring cost performance to isolate and understand variances from the approved cost baseline, informing appropriate stakeholders of all approved changes and associated costs, and influencing the factors that create changes to the authorized cost baseline. Allocating the overall estimates to individual work packages to establish a cost baseline is part of the planning process, not cost control.

11. The cumulative measures indicating that your project is about 9% under budget are: The cumulative AC was 100, and the cumulative EV was 110. This means that the actual costs incurred for work completed (AC) were lower than the earned value (EV), indicating a favorable cost variance.

Earned value management (EVM) is a project management technique that integrates cost, schedule, and performance measurements to assess the project's progress and performance. It provides a systematic approach for monitoring and controlling project costs and schedules. By comparing the planned value (PV), earned value (EV), and actual cost (AC), project managers can analyze the project's performance and make informed decisions.

The EAC is an estimate of the total project cost at completion. It takes into account the actual costs incurred for work completed and the estimated costs to complete the remaining work. This estimate helps project managers forecast the final project cost and make necessary adjustments to control project expenses.

When the cumulative EV is lower than the cumulative PV, it indicates that the project is falling behind schedule. This means that the value of the work completed is less than what was planned or expected at that point in time.

Project cost control involves actively monitoring cost performance, identifying variances from the approved cost baseline, and taking corrective actions as necessary. It also involves communicating any approved changes and associated costs to stakeholders. By influencing the factors that create changes to the authorized cost baseline, project managers can mitigate risks and maintain control over project costs.

Overall, these concepts and measures are essential in project management to ensure projects stay on track and within budget, allowing for effective decision-making and successful project completion.

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The comparative balance sheet of Coulson, Inc. at December 31, 20Y2 and 20Y1, is as follows: Dec. 31, 20Y2 Assets Cash $300,600 Accounts receivable (net) 704,400 Inventories 918,600 Prepaid expenses 18,600 Land 990,000 Buildings 1,980,000 Accumulated depreciation-buildings (397,200) Equipment 660,600 Accumulated depreciation-equipment (133,200) Total assets $5,042,400 Accounts payable (merchandise creditors) $594,000 $631,200 Income taxes payable 26,400 21,600 Bonds payable 330,000 0 Common stock, $20 par 320,000 180,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par-common stock 950,000 810,000 Retained earnings 2,822,000 2,574,600 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $5,042,400 $4,217,400 The noncurrent asset, noncurrent liability, and stockholders' equity accounts for 20Y2 are as follows: Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Dec. 31, 20Y1 $337,800 609,600 865,800 26,400 1,386,000 990,000 (366,000) 529,800 (162,000) $4,217,400 ACCOUNT Land Date Item 2012 Jan. 1 Balance Apr. 20 Realized $456,000 cash from sale ACCOUNT Buildings Date Item 20Y2 Jan. 1 Balance Apr. 20 Acquired for cash ACCOUNT Accumulated Depreciation-Buildings Date Item 20Y2 Jan. 1 Balance Dec. 31 Depreciation for year Item 26 Discarded, no salvage ACCOUNT Equipment Date 2012 Jan. 1 Balance Aug. 11 Purchased for cash Debit Debit 990,000 Debit Debit Credit 196,800 Credit 396,000 Credit 31,200 Credit 66,000 ACCOUNT NO. Balance Debit 1,386,000 990,000 ACCOUNT NO. Balance Debit 990,000 1,980,000 Debit ACCOUNT NO. Balance Credit Debit Credit 529,800 463,800 660,600 ACCOUNT NO. Balance Credit 366,000 397,200 Credit ACCOUNT Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment Date Item 20Y2 Jan. 1 Balance 26 Equipment discarded Dec. 31 Depreciation for year ACCOUNT Bonds Payable Date Debit 66,000 Debit Item 2012 May 1 Issued 20-year bonds ACCOUNT Common Stock, $20 par Date Item Debit 20Y2 Jan. 1 Balance Dec. 7 Issued 7,000 shares of common stock for $40 per share ACCOUNT Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock Date Item Debit 2012 Jan. 1 Balance Dec. 7 Issued 7,000 shares of common stock for $40 per share Credit Credit 37,200 330,000 Credit 140,000 Credit ACCOUNT NO. Balance 140,000 Debit Debit ACCOUNT NO. Balance Credit 162,000 96,000 133,200 Credit 330,000 ACCOUNT NO. Balance Debit Credit 180,000 320,000 ACCOUNT NO. Balance Debit Credit 810,000 950,000 ACCOUNT Retained Earnings Date Item 20Y2 Jan. 1 Balance Dec. 31 Net income Required: 31 Cash dividends Debit 79,200 Credit 326,600 ACCOUNT NO. Balance Debit Credit 2,574,600 2,901,200 2,822,000 Required: Prepare a statement of cash flows, using the indirect method of presenting cash flows from operating activities. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments, decreases in cash, or any negative adjustments. Coulson, Inc. Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2012 Cash flows from (used for) operating activities: Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities: Changes in cursent operating assets and liabilities: Net cash flow from operating activities Cash flows from (used for) investing activities Net cash flow used for investing activities Cash flows from (used for) financing activities: Net cash flow from financing activities Cash balance, January 1, 2012 Cash balance, December 31, 2012 Previou 1QQ

Answers

Coulson, Inc. had a net decrease in cash of $450,400 for the year ended December 31, 20Y2. Operating activities provided a net cash flow of $497,200, while investing activities used $1,516,800 and financing activities provided $470,000. The cash balance decreased from $300,600 to -$149,800.

To prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method, we need to analyze the changes in various balance sheet accounts and adjust them to determine the net cash flow from operating activities. Here's the statement of cash flows for Coulson, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 20Y2

Coulson, Inc.

Statement of Cash Flows

For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y2

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income $326,600

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities:

Depreciation expense:

Buildings $31,200

Equipment $37,200

Increase in accounts receivable $ (704,400 - 609,600) = $94,800

Increase in inventories $ (918,600 - 865,800) = $52,800

Decrease in prepaid expenses $ (18,600 - 26,400) = $7,800

Decrease in accounts payable $ (594,000 - 631,200) = $37,200

Increase in income taxes payable $ (26,400 - 21,600) = $4,800

Net cash flow from operating activities $497,200

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchase of land $ (990,000 - 1,386,000) = $ (396,000)

Purchase of buildings $ (1,980,000 - 990,000) = $ (990,000)

Purchase of equipment $ (660,600 - 529,800) = $ (130,800)

Net cash flow used for investing activities $ (1,516,800)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Issuance of bonds payable $330,000

Issuance of common stock $ (320,000 - 180,000) = $140,000

Net cash flow from financing activities $470,000

Net decrease in cash $ (1,516,800 + 470,000 + 497,200) = $450,400

Cash balance, January 1, 20Y2 $300,600

Cash balance, December 31, 20Y2 $ (300,600 - 450,400) = $ (149,800)

The negative cash balance indicates a cash outflow or a decrease in cash.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " The comparative balance sheet of Coulson, Inc. at December 31, 20Y2 and 20Y1, is as follows

Dec. 31, 20Y2  Dec. 31, 20Y1

Assets    

Cash $300,600   $337,800

Accounts receivable (net) 704,400   609,600

Inventories 918,600   865,800

Prepaid expenses 18,600   26,400

Land 990,000   1,386,000

Buildings 1,980,000   990,000

Accumulated depreciation—buildings (397,200)   (366,000)

Equipment 660,600   529,800

Accumulated depreciation—equipment (133,200)   (162,000)

Total assets $5,042,400   $4,217,400

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Accounts payable (merchandise creditors) $594,000   $631,200

Income taxes payable 26,400   21,600

Bonds payable 330,000   0

Common stock, $20 par 320,000   180,000

Paid-in capital in excess of par—common stock 950,000   810,000

Retained earnings 2,822,000   2,574,600

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $5,042,400   $4,217,400

The noncurrent asset, noncurrent liability, and stockholders’ equity accounts for 20Y2 are as follows:

ACCOUNT Land ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance   1,386,000

Apr. 20 Realized $456,000 cash from sale  396,000 990,000

ACCOUNT Buildings ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance   990,000

Apr. 20 Acquired for cash 990,000  1,980,000

ACCOUNT Accumulated Depreciation—Buildings ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance    366,000

Dec. 31 Depreciation for year  31,200  397,200

ACCOUNT Equipment ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance   529,800

26 Discarded, no salvage  66,000 463,800

Aug. 11 Purchased for cash 196,800  660,600

ACCOUNT Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance    162,000

26 Equipment discarded 66,000   96,000

Dec. 31 Depreciation for year  37,200  133,200

ACCOUNT Bonds Payable ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

May 1 Issued 20-year bonds  330,000  330,000

ACCOUNT Common Stock, $20 par ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance    180,000

Dec. 7 Issued 7,000 shares of common

stock for $40 per share  140,000  320,000

ACCOUNT Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance    810,000

Dec. 7 Issued 7,000 shares of common

stock for $40 per share  140,000  950,000

ACCOUNT Retained Earnings ACCOUNT NO.

Balance

Date Item Debit Credit Debit Credit

20Y2    

Jan. 1 Balance    2,574,600

Dec. 31 Net income  326,600  2,901,200

31 Cash dividends 79,200   2,822,000

Required

Prepare a statement of cash flows, using the indirect method of presenting cash flows from operating activities. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments, decreases in cash, or any negative adjustments."--

Returns to Scale. a. Describe Increasing Returns to Scale. Can you think of a type of industry that would display increasing returns to scale? Why/explain. b. Describe Decreasing Returns to Scale. Can you think of a type of industry that would display DRTS? Why/explain. c. Why is it important to know the returns to scale for an industry? d. How do Returns to Scale differ from Economies/Diseconomies of Scale?

Answers

a. Increasing Returns to Scale: When a proportionate increase in inputs leads to a greater increase in output; software industry.

b. Decreasing Returns to Scale: When a proportionate increase in inputs leads to a smaller increase in output; agriculture industry.

c. Knowing returns to scale helps determine optimal production scale, guide decision-making, and assess cost efficiencies.

d. Returns to Scale focus on input-output relationship, while Economies/Diseconomies of Scale relate to cost efficiencies or inefficiencies with changing output levels.

a. Increasing Returns to Scale: Increasing Returns to Scale occur when a proportionate increase in inputs leads to a greater increase in output. In other words, when a firm increases its production by a certain factor, its output increases by an even larger factor. This can happen due to various factors such as specialization, improved efficiency, economies of scale, or synergies. An example of an industry that displays increasing returns to scale is the software industry. As software development involves high fixed costs for research and development, once the initial costs are covered, producing additional copies of software becomes relatively inexpensive, leading to a significant increase in output and profitability.

b. Decreasing Returns to Scale: Decreasing Returns to Scale occur when a proportionate increase in inputs leads to a smaller increase in output. In this case, as a firm increases its production, the rate of output growth is lower compared to the increase in inputs. This can happen when the firm becomes too large and faces inefficiencies, resource constraints, or diminishing marginal returns. An example of an industry that displays decreasing returns to scale is agriculture. When farms expand beyond a certain point, they may face diminishing returns due to limited land availability, increasing costs of fertilizers, or difficulties in managing large-scale operations.

c. Importance of Knowing Returns to Scale for an Industry: Understanding the returns to scale is crucial for an industry as it helps determine the optimal scale of production. Knowing whether an industry exhibits increasing, decreasing, or constant returns to scale can guide decision-making related to capacity planning, investment decisions, pricing strategies, and overall operational efficiency. It provides insights into the potential for cost savings, economies of scale, and the potential risks or inefficiencies associated with scaling up or down.

d. Difference between Returns to Scale and Economies/Diseconomies of Scale: Returns to Scale refers to the relationship between the scale of production and the resulting change in output. It assesses the impact of proportional changes in inputs on output. On the other hand, Economies of Scale and Diseconomies of Scale refer to cost-related phenomena. Economies of Scale occur when the average cost of production decreases as output increases, resulting in cost savings. Diseconomies of Scale occur when the average cost of production increases as output increases, leading to inefficiencies and higher costs. Returns to Scale focus on the relationship between input and output, while Economies/Diseconomies of Scale focus on cost efficiencies or inefficiencies associated with changes in output levels.

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2. assume that you inherited some money. a friend of your is working as an unpaid intern at a local brokerage firm, and her boss is selling securities each of which calls for the following 4 payments: $50 at the end of each of the next 3 years, plus a payment of $1,050 at the end of year 4. your friend says she can get you each of these securities at a price of $900. your money is now invested in a bank that pays an 8 percent nominal (quoted) interest rate, but with quarterly compounding. you regard the securities as being just as safe, and as liquid, as your bank deposit, so your required effective annual rate of return on the securities is the same as that on your bank deposit. you must calculate the value of the securities to decide whether they are a good investment. what is their present value to you?

Answers

According to the given statement the present value of the securities to you is -$8,803.

To calculate the present value of the securities, you can use the formula for the present value of an annuity.

The required effective annual rate of return is 8% with quarterly compounding, which means the quarterly interest rate is 2%.

The present value formula for an annuity is:
PV = PMT * (1 - (1 + r)-n) / r

Where:
PV = Present value
PMT = Payment amount
r = Interest rate per period
n = Number of periods

Using this formula, we can calculate the present value as follows:

PV = ($50 * (1 - (1 + 0.02)) / 0.02⁻³) + ($1,050 * (1 - (1 + 0.02)⁻⁴) / 0.02)

PV = ($50 * (1 - 1.0616) / 0.02) + ($1,050 * (1 - 1.1699) / 0.02)

PV = ($50 * -0.0616 / 0.02) + ($1,050 * -0.1699 / 0.02)

PV = (-$308 + (-$8,495))

PV = -$8,803

In this case, you have 3 payments of $50 each and a final payment of $1,050 at the end of year 4.

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Use a production possibilities curve to distinguish between
maximum
attainable combinations, attainable but inefficient combinations
and
unattainable combinations of the production of two goods

Answers

The production possibility curve shows the maximum attainable combination, attainable but inefficient combinations, and unattainable combinations of the production of two goods. Any point on the frontier of the curve represents the maximum attainable combination, any point inside the curve represents an attainable but inefficient combination, and any point beyond the curve represents an unattainable combination.

The production possibility curve shows a graphical representation of the production of two goods in an economy. It is used to show the combination of goods that can be produced using a given level of resources. Here are the three possibilities:

Maximum Attainable Combinations: These are the combination of goods that can be produced when all the available resources are used efficiently. Any point on the production possibility curve that lies on the frontier represents the maximum attainable combination of the two goods. This is because the resources available are utilized to their fullest potential. Any point beyond the frontier is unattainable.

Attainable but Inefficient Combinations: These are the combination of goods that can be produced when resources are not used efficiently. If an economy is not using its resources to their fullest potential, then the combination of goods produced will be inefficient. Any point inside the production possibility curve represents an attainable but inefficient combination of the two goods. This is because the resources are not being used to their fullest potential.

Unattainable Combinations: These are the combination of goods that cannot be produced using the available resources. Any point beyond the production possibility curve is unattainable. This is because the resources available are not enough to produce the combination of goods at that point.

Conclusion:

In summary, the production possibility curve shows the maximum attainable combination, attainable but inefficient combinations, and unattainable combinations of the production of two goods. Any point on the frontier of the curve represents the maximum attainable combination, any point inside the curve represents an attainable but inefficient combination, and any point beyond the curve represents an unattainable combination.

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You have decided to buy a perpetual bond. The bond makes one payment at the end of every year forever and has an interest rate of 5%. If the bond initially costs $1,000​, what is the payment every​ year?

Answers

The payment every year for the perpetual bond would be $50 (5% of $1,000).

To determine the payment every year for a perpetual bond, we need to calculate 5% of the initial cost of the bond, which is $1,000.

The interest rate of 5% represents the annual yield or return on the bond. Therefore, the payment each year will be 5% of the initial cost, which is $1,000.

Mathematically, we calculate the payment as follows:

Payment = 5% * $1,000 = $50

Since the bond is perpetual, it will continue making the same payment of $50 at the end of every year indefinitely.

Perpetual bonds are unique because they have no maturity date, which means they don't have a fixed repayment period. Instead, they pay a fixed amount each year, providing the bondholder with a steady stream of income. In this case, the bondholder can expect to receive $50 every year as long as they hold the perpetual bond.

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the demand measure of gdp accounting adds together: question 29 options: a) wages and salaries, rent, interest, and profit. b) consumption, government purchases, wages and salaries, and trade balance. c) consumption, interest, government purchases, and trade balance. d) consumption, investment, government purchases, and trade balance.

Answers

The demand measure of GDP accounting adds together consumption, investment, government purchases, and trade balance.

The demand measure of GDP accounting adds together consumption, investment, government purchases, and trade balance. This is option d) in the given question. The demand measure of GDP focuses on the total amount spent on goods and services within an economy.

Consumption refers to the total spending by households on goods and services. It includes spending on items such as food, clothing, and housing.

Investment represents the total spending by businesses on capital goods, such as machinery and equipment, as well as spending on residential and non-residential structures.

Government purchases refer to the total spending by the government on goods and services. This includes spending on items like defense, education, and public infrastructure.

Trade balance refers to the difference between the value of a country's exports and imports. It is a measure of net exports and represents the spending by foreign entities on a country's goods and services.

In conclusion, the demand measure of GDP accounting adds together consumption, investment, government purchases, and trade balance.

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Final answer:

The demand measure of GDP or the Expenditure Approach adds together consumption, investment, government purchases, and the trade balance. These four components reflect the total expenditure or demand in an economy. Therefore, out of the given options, the correct answer is (d)

Explanation:

In economics, GDP or Gross Domestic Product is calculated to measure the total economic output of a nation. The demand measure of GDP accounting, which is also known as the Expenditure Approach, includes the following components: consumption, investment, government purchases, and the net of exports and imports, also known as the trade balance.

Specifically, consumption refers to private consumers’ expenditure on goods and services. Investment includes businesses expenditures on capital goods. Government purchases cover expenditure on goods and services by the government. The trade balance is calculated as the difference between a nation’s exports and imports.

So, in the context of the given options, the correct answer to the question is option (d): consumption, investment, government purchases, and trade balance.

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which of the following is a responsebility of an HR manager.
a. making final decisions on whom to hire
b. providing employees with advice about compensation
c. making sure office politics leads to exclusive groups
d. stroking competition between employees over opportunities

Answers

The responsibility of an HR manager is Option B. providing employees with advice about compensation.

The HR manager is responsible for overseeing and managing employee-related tasks within the company. HR managers deal with employment contracts, compensation, employee relations, health benefits, and legal compliance with employment laws and regulations. The HR manager is responsible for developing, implementing, and managing employee policies, procedures, and programs.

The HR manager is responsible for managing employee relations, training, and development. HR managers must ensure that the company complies with all employment laws and regulations. They must maintain employee records and handle employee grievances and disputes. Employees need to be paid appropriately and HR managers are responsible for making sure this happens.

HR managers are responsible for keeping up-to-date with changes in employment law and compliance requirements. HR managers must ensure that employees receive the benefits they are entitled to. HR managers are responsible for developing employee incentive programs that help retain top talent and reduce turnover rates.

In conclusion, HR managers have a variety of responsibilities, including overseeing employee policies and procedures, managing employee relations, ensuring compliance with employment laws and regulations, and managing compensation and benefits. Providing employees with advice about compensation is a key responsibility of an HR manager. Therefore, the correct option is B.

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If a bond is trading at 103 the the interest expense is greater than the interest payment. O the interest expense is less than the interest payment. the interest expense is equal to the interest payment. the interest expense can not be determined.

Answers

When a bond is trading at 103, the interest expense is less than the interest payment.

What is a bond- A bond is a debt security that is issued by a company or government entity. It enables them to borrow funds from investors in exchange for interest payments over a specified period of time. A bond is essentially a loan that the bondholder makes to the issuer.

When a bond is trading at a premium, it is selling at a price that is greater than its face value. In this scenario, the bond's interest rate is greater than the current market rate. This implies that the issuer's interest expense is less than the bond's interest payment. Hence, when a bond is trading at 103, the interest expense is less than the interest payment. The correct option is: the interest expense is less than the interest payment.

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