Most people believe that ARBs, thiazide diuretics, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers increase the production of angiotensin II, which in turn stimulates activity at the AT2 and AT4 receptors.
By blocking AT1 receptors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) increase AT2 and AT4 activation and elevate angiotensin II levels by inducing renin production.
Angiotensin II is also raised by dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and diuretics (thiazide, K+-sparing, and loop).
Antihypertensives (angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensives) that increase activity at AT2 and AT4 collectively are thought to have greater brain protective effects than those that decrease activity at the same receptors. By lowering angiotensin 2 and 4, ACE inhibitor/thiazide diuretic combinations are used to treat hypertension and lower blood pressure. They function by loosening the blood vessels and removing extra salt and water from the body.
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after attending the same social function 5 days ago, 50 individuals arrive at the hospital over a 4-day period with fever; an itchy, reddish brown papule; and complaints of nausea, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain. cutaneous anthrax is suspected by the health care team. which is the nurse's priority for client care?
Institute contact precautions is the nurse's priority for client care.
What is reddish brown papule?
Cryosurgery: In this process, the papules are frozen to cause them to vanish. Excisional surgery: A surgeon removes each papule one at a time using standard instruments like a scalpel. The likelihood of scarring with this strategy is higher than with the others.
An inflammatory type of acne is papules. They are not pus-filled at the tip, but they are still observable. They could be irritable, unpleasant, or red and tender.
Papules come in a variety of colours, including flesh, yellow, white, brown, red, blue, and purple. There may be one or many, and they may appear singly or in groups at various locations throughout the body. It is fluidless but has the potential to develop into a pustule or vesicle.
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a client newly diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia purpura (itp) is admitted to the medical unit. after the admission assessment, the client asks the nurse to explain the disease. what potential etiology should the nurse explain to this client?
Nursing care for patients diagnosed with thrombocytopenia: There may be decreased platelet production.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition when the number of blood platelets (thrombocytes) is lower or below normal. Platelets play a role in stopping bleeding when an injury or damage occurs in a blood vessel. A low number of platelets can make it difficult for blood to clot.
The normal number of platelets in the blood is 150,000–450,000 cells per microliter of blood. A person can be considered suffering from thrombocytopenia if the platelet count is less than 150,000. People with thrombocytopenia are prone to bleeding, such as easy bruising, nosebleeds, or bleeding gums.
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difference between cardioversion and defibrillation
Defibrillation and cardioversion have fundamental differences: Defibrillation Asynchronous energy delivery is what defibrillation is. Energy delivery synchronized with the QRS complex is known as cardioversion.
Which two types of cardioversion are there?Cardioversion can be of two different forms. Drugs that can calm a hyperactive heart are used in chemical cardioversion. One or more swift electric shocks are administered to the heart during electrical cardioversion.
What distinguishes defibrillation from cardioversion?The timing of the transmission of electrical current is one of the primary distinctions between cardioversion and defibrillation. In CARDIOVERSION, the supply of the electrical current is timed to the electrical events occurring in the patient; in DEFIBRILLATION, the delivery of the current is abrupt and untimed.
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crushing of a stone located within the gallbladder
Answer:
Cholecystolithotripsy
Explanation:
an elderly client comes into the clinic with a family member. the client reports back pain. the health care provider prescribes cyclobenzaprine (flexeril) for the client. what type of adverse effects should the nurse educate the client and family about?
The type of side effects of cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) that nurses must teach elderly clients and their families is "After taking cyclobenzaprine it is likely to cause drowsiness, blurred vision, nausea or pain in the stomach."
What is cyclobenzaprine?
Cyclobenzaprine is a drug used on a short-term basis to treat muscle spasms. In order for the drug to work optimally, you should also do rest and physical therapy. This medication works by helping to relax tense muscles.
The most common side effects of using the drug cyclobenzaprine are:
Dry mouth or throatBlurred visionsleepyDizzyTired feelingLoss of appetiteNauseousAbdominal painBloatedDiarrhea or constipationNot everyone experiences these side effects.
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which choice provides the most relevant detail?choose 1 answer:no changesupplement and convert it into gas to use as fuel in electricity production.supplement, while sweet whey is more desirable as a food additive for humans.supplement, which provides an important element of their diet.
Add to it and turn it into gas to use as fuel for creating power. C. Supplement, even if sweet whey is preferred as a human food ingredient.
What is additive?
Food additives are substances that are added to food to preserve or enhance its freshness, safety, flavour, texture, or appearance. Some food additives, like salt (found in meats like bacon or dried fish) or sugar (found in marmalade), have been used for food preservation for generations (in wine).
Food manufacturing requires a wide variety of additives since preparing meals on a large scale vs preparing them on a small scale at home is extremely different. To keep processed food safe and in good condition from factories or industrial kitchens, during transit to warehouses and stores, and ultimately to customers, additives are required.
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what is recommended to minimize interruptions when using an aed
Answer:
continue preforming high level CPR
Explanation:
a nurse is preparing a sterile field for the health care provider to perform a biopsy on a client. which actions follow recommended guidelines for maintaining the sterile field for this procedure? select all that apply.
The action that follows the recommended guidelines for maintaining a sterile field for this biopsy procedure is the use of sterile gloves.
What is a biopsy?A biopsy is a procedure for taking samples of body tissue for analysis in a laboratory using a microscope. This condition is often used to diagnose cancer or other conditions that cause changes in tissue. A biopsy is also needed if an X-ray examination is not enough to distinguish the nature of a tumor, benign or malignant.
A biopsy can be done on any part of the body that has abnormal growths, such as the skin, breast, neck, kidney, uterus, heart muscle, bone, liver, thyroid, or bone marrow.
To maintain a sterile field during the biopsy process, sterile gloves are needed because they prevent contamination.
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when self-administering insulin, your patient asks you about different sites he can use when he is discharged home. which statement by the patient reflects an accurate understanding of the education provided?
The patient reflects an accurate understanding of the education provided is "Absorption from the abdomen is the fastest."
Self-administering of insulin can result in higher timing of doses and higher blood glucose levels. However, insulin may be risky if an wrong dose is administered. Your nurse will want to evaluate whether or not it's miles secure as a way to administer your very own insulin doses at the same time as you are in hospital. The speed at which peak serum concentrations are reached depends on the site for injection. Absorption from the abdomen is the fastest. Patients should rotate sites within one particular site, but not to different anatomic sites. The arm is no less painful. Exercise will increase the absorption rate, not slow it down.
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the nurse is caring for a diverse group of clients. in which client should the nurse assess for an alteration in drug metabolism?
The nurse is caring for a diverse group of clients the nurse should assess for an alteration in drug metabolism
c) A 50 yr old man with cirrhosis of the liver.
Cirrhosis of the liver, also known as hepatic cirrhosis, is a chronic hepatic disease characterised by hepatic cell destruction and fibrotic regeneration. The disease alters the liver structure and normal vasculature, impairs blood and lymph flow, and eventually causes hepatic insufficiency as necrotic tissues yield to fibrosis. Malnutrition, inflammation (bacterial or viral), and poisons are some of the causes (e.g., alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen). Cirrhosis is the fourth leading cause of death among people aged 35 to 55 in the United States, and it poses a serious threat to long-term health.
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Q. the nurse is caring for a diverse group of clients. in which client should the nurse assess for an alteration in drug metabolism?
A. a 35 yr old woman with cervical cancer
B. a 41 yr old man with kidney stones
C. A 50 yr old man with cirrhosis of the liver
D. A 32 yr old women with urosepsis
which finding will the nurse expect during the assesment when a client with ahistory of chronic myelogenous leuemia and splenomegaly
The nurse will look for left upper quadrant soreness during the examination of a patient who has a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly.
Normal spleens are not palpable, but splenomegaly, which frequently goes hand in hand with chronic myelogenous leukemia, causes a palpable and tender lump in the left upper abdomen. These conditions have no impact on urine output. Increased metabolic rate brought on by leukaemias causes weight loss. Anemia results from decreased erythrocyte production and increased erythrocyte breakdown associated with leukemia and splenomegaly.
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which of the following statements about dietary protein intake is true? a. athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults. b. the rda for protein for sedentary adults is 1.2 g per kg of body weight c. on average, protein intake recommendations are lower for older adults than for young and middle-age adults. d. the amdr for protein is 10% to 25% of total energy intake.
The right answer is that athletes require more protein than sedentary adults do.
Athletes who focus on strength and endurance may need 50–100% more protein than the RDA. As long as kcal requirements are satisfied, protein supplements are typically not required. A lot of athletes consume a lot of protein. High-protein diets are now recommended for weight loss and recovery from strenuous exercise or injuries, though they are most frequently linked to muscle hypertrophy and strength.Because many high-protein foods you consume are high in total and saturated fat, consuming too much protein can also result in elevated blood lipid levels and heart disease. People who are predisposed to kidney disease run an additional risk from consuming too much protein, which can strain the kidneys.
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during a well-child visit for a 2-month-old infant, the nurse explains the need to perform a hearing screening on the child within the next few months. the child's mother reports she has not noticed any deficits and does not see the need for this being done. which response by the nurse is indicated?
Unfortunately, baby hearing loss is frequent, so it's judicious to have your child's hearing checked before they come 6 months old to rule out any issues. A six- month old should have their hailchecked. However, this will grease early intervention, If necessary.
What about the nursing leadership roles?A nanny leader makes choices and attends patient care enterprises while supervising a platoon of nursers.They're committed to enhancing patient health issues and retain superior clinical knowledge.A nanny leader's main duties include effects like keeping up with medical exploration developments.Leadership capacities are used by clinical and bedside nursers to plan, direct, and support case care as well as other healthcare platoon members.They're also patient advocates and have strong communication capacities.No matter what their title, nursers in all positions are anticipated to parade leadership, and they must push both themselves and the assiduity to make important leadership doctrines.A leadership position involves managing a group of people or an entire association.Communication chops are pivotal for a nanny leader, especially when it comes to patient care.These chops are necessary for any strong leader and are more important for a nanny leader.Because it encourages better case issues and increased job satisfaction among staff nurses, exploration reveals that the transformational leadership style in nursing is generally regarded as the gold standard in nursing leadership.Learn more about nursing leadership role here:
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the nurse is discussing car safety with the mother of a 6-year-old child. the child's mother questions the need for the use of special car seats for her child. what information can be provided to her?
"At the age of 6 your child should be using a booster seat."
This information can be provided to her regarding the need for the use of special car seats for her child.
There are various types of car seat restraints. The kind of seat your child requires is determined by a number of factors, such as their age, size, and developmental requirements. Therefore, it's crucial to read both the car safety seat manual and the owner's manual of the vehicle before installing the seat. To make sure that their child's seat is placed correctly, all parents might profit from seeking installation assistance from a CPST.
When a kid is taller than 4 feet 9 inches and between the ages of 8 and 12, or when they are heavier over the forward-facing weight or height restriction for their car safety seat, they should utilise a belt-positioning booster seat until the vehicle seat belt fits them comfortably. All passengers under the age of 13 should sit in the back seat.
For as long as feasible, up to the utmost weight or height permitted by their car safety seat manufacturer, children who have outgrown the rear-facing weight or height limit for their convertible seat should utilise a forward-facing seat with a harness. Many chairs can support kids weighing up to 65 pounds.
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true/false. if you were going to eat a morrell mushroom, it would be best to cut it open longwise first to determine if it was toxic
a 73.26 pound (lbs) child with asthma is prescribed aminophylline 16mg/kg/day oral solution by mouth in 3 divided doses. the medication label reads 105mg/5ml. how many ml will the nurse administer per dose? round the answer to the nearest one tenth of a milliliter.
The nurse will administer the medicine - 1.69 ml/dose.
What is asthma?Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Asthma can be triggered by allergens, air pollution, cold air, exercise, and stress. Treatment includes medications, lifestyle changes, and avoiding triggers.
In the given question,
The child's weight in kilograms is 33.34 kg.
16 mg/kg/day x 33.34 kg = 530.144 mg/day
530.144 mg/day / 3 doses = 176.7146 mg/dose
176.7146 mg/dose / 105 mg/5ml = 1.6886 ml/dose
1.69 ml/dose (rounded to the nearest one tenth of a milliliter)
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a pulmonologist is examining a patient who has been smoking cigarettes for several years. the patient's history includes frequent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. what explains the patient's history?
The patient's history explains that smoking suppresses the innate defenses in the conducting zone of the respiratory system.
Respiratory problems occurs while someone is not able to alter gas exchange, inflicting them to both soak up too little oxygen or expel too little carbon dioxide. Respiratory failure can observe respiration misery, and reasons greater extreme problems with gas exchange. Left untreated, it can be fatal. Emphysema is a lung sickness that effects from harm to the partitions of the alveoli for your lungs. A blockage (obstruction) might also additionally develop, which traps air inner your lungs. Smoking is the principle motive of continual obstructive pulmonary sickness (COPD), a critical contamination that makes respiratory difficult.
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the nurse should caution an older adult client against using diphenhydramine hydrochloride because of what increased risk?
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is the antihistamine generally used to treat disinclinations or to help with sleep.
For aged grown-ups, this drug carries an increased threat of side goods, including doziness, confusion, and difficulty concentrating. In some cases, this drug can also beget an irregular twinkle or indeed an increase in the threat of cascade. Aged grown-ups should be advised against the use of this drug and should bandy the pitfalls and benefits of this drug with their healthcare provider before taking it. also, they should be apprehensive of any other specifics they're taking and how they could interact with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, as this could increase the threat of side effect.
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an 82-year-old is suffering from acute anxiety and is prescribed alprazolam (xanax) by the health care provider. what steps can the provider take to ensure that the client will be at a decreased risk for injury?
The provider must prescribe a smaller dose to ensure that the client will be at a decreased risk for injury.
It is far critical that drug references typically utilized by physicians comprise the brand new records approximately lower, powerful drug doses, in order that this records may be disseminated in an organized, ongoing way to enhance medicine remedy and save you dose-associated ADEs. A height is the best degree of a medicine withinside the blood, at the same time as a trough degree shows the bottom awareness. Troughs of medicine awareness arise after the drug has been damaged down and metabolized with the aid of using the body. Social support from a network of family, friends, peers or a support group helps anxious people cope better with stress
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what is the purpose of a spacer or extender used with a metered-dose inhaler?
A spacer is an accessory for metered-dose inhalers. It helps the medicine to reach till lungs instead of inhaling it through the mouth.
It is frequently advised to use a spacer since using the proper technique with a metered-dose inhaler can be challenging. A spacer is a part of meter dosed inhalers which is used to direct medicine to lung airway instead of giving it through the mouth. This improves the medication's effectiveness and reduces negative effects.
Steps to Use a Spacer with an MDI (Meter Dosed Inhalers)
Shake the spacer after inserting the inhaler or canister.Breathe out.In your mouth, place the spacer mouthpiece.Once, apply pressure on the inhaler.Inhale gently (for 3-5 seconds).10 second breath hold.To learn more about inhalers click here:
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a/an ____ is the noxious, unintended response to a drug that occurs at doses normally used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of disease. while a/an ____ is the peripheral or secondary effect caused by drugs and is usually predictable and dose-dependent.
An adverse drug reaction is the noxious, unintended response to a drug that occurs at doses normally used in humans. while a side effect is the peripheral or secondary effect caused by drugs.
an adverse drug reaction as "an drastically harmful or unpleasant reaction, on account of an intervention associated with using a medicinal product, which predicts danger from destiny administration and warrants prevention or particular remedy, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product." Such reactions are currently suggested by way of use of who's negative response Terminology, with a view to in the end come to be a subset of the global type of illnesses. negative drug reactions are classified into six types (with mnemonics): dose-related (Augmented), non-dose-related (bizarre), dose-related and time-related (chronic), time-associated (not on time), withdrawal (quit of use), and failure of therapy (Failure). Timing, the sample of infection, the results of investigations, and rechallenge can assist characteristic causality to a suspected detrimental drug reaction. control consists of withdrawal of the drug if viable and particular treatment of its outcomes. Suspected negative drug reactions must be mentioned. Surveillance techniques can hit upon reactions and prove institutions
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As a future physical therapist, how will you decrease the social stigma brought about by the mental disorder of your patient?
What factors might influence a pharmacy technician's wage? Check all that apply.
Oworking nights or weekends
O personal expenses
O geographic location
O certification
O interest in the work
+
The following factors might influence a pharmacy technician's wage are-
working nights or weekends, geographic location and certification.
What factors affect the pay of a pharmacy technician?
A number of factors, such as experience, place of employment (a company or location), particular job responsibilities, the medical setting, and educational background, can affect a pharmacy technician's pay.
Pharmacy is the preparation and standardization of drugs; it is a science and an art. The growing of medicinal plants, creating chemical compounds with medicinal value, and examining therapeutic agents are all included in its purview.
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during a health history interview, a nurse asks a client about childhood illnesses, past surgeries, and allergies. the nurse knows that this information will be charted in what section of the initial comprehensive assessment database?
The reason of the health records is to gather subjective records—what the individual says approximately him or herself. "What is your important fitness challenge at this time?"
A nurse collects records approximately a customer's own circle of relatives fitness records. The nurse must start through asking a non-threatening open-ended query such as "have you ever ever had a hassle with intellectual or emotional illness?" Asking in particular approximately medicinal drug for melancholy assumes the customer has a records of melancholy. What medications do you take at home? What is each medicine for? What is the dose? What medications do you take for your conditions?
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carter was born with very distinct facial features. he presents with a flat nose and almond shaped eyes. the doctor has informed his parents that he has a congenital heart defect along with poor vision. the doctors have educated his parents on his chromosomal abnormality known as .
Since Carter was born with distinct facial features such as a flat nose and almond shaped eyes, along with congenital heart defect and poor vision, therefore the doctors described this chromosomal abnormality as Noonan syndrome.
What is Noonan syndrome?Noonan syndrome is caused by a defective gene that is generally passed through one of the child's parents. Children with Noonan syndrome are usually normal length at birth. However, at around 2 years old you may notice that they don't grow as quickly as other children of the same age.
What is a syndrome? Is syndrome genetic?A syndrome is really a collection of traits or distinctive features that run together. The traditional definition of syndromic ASD is a disorder with a clinically defined pattern of somatic abnormalities and a neurobehavioral phenotype that may include Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
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a client with a fractured femur is being prepared for surgery. the client develops a sudden onset of cyanosis, tachycardia, dyspnea, and restlessness. which action would the nurse take first?
The nurse should take the action first assess the client's airway, breathing and circulation.
The nurse should immediately assess the client's airway, breathing, and circulation to ensure that they are adequate and stable, Notify the healthcare provider: The nurse should immediately notify the healthcare provider of the client's change in condition and report the vital signs, Administer oxygen: The nurse should administer oxygen to the client via a face mask or nasal cannula to maintain the oxygen saturation at a safe level ,Keep the client in a semi-fowler's position: The nurse should keep the client in a semi-fowler's position to improve breathing and decrease the workload of the heart, Prepare for emergency interventions, It's important to note that these symptoms could indicate a Pulmonary Embolism (PE) which is a serious and life-threatening condition that can occur in clients who are immobile or have suffered a fracture.
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what term best describes the confluence of social statuses that shape people’s lives, access to resources and power, justice, health, and well-being?
Inequality
Symbols
Intersectionality
ethnocentrism
The intersection of social statuses that influence people's lives, power and resource access, justice, health, and well-being is described as inequality.
The phenomena of unequal and/or unjust allocation of resources and opportunities among members of a certain society is referred to as inequality. Depending on who you ask and the situation, the definition of inequality may vary. In addition, inequality has separate yet related economic, social, and geographic dimensions. The conflict between the normative concept of "deservingness" and the moral ethics of fairness and social justice complicates discussions concerning inequality even further. Inequalities that may be seen inside social groups as well as those that can be seen across social groups have come to the forefront of public consciousness in recent years.
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a nurse is about to enter the room of a client with a strain of influenza a. the nurse prepares to don ppe. which would be appropriate? select all that apply.
A nurse is about to enter a client's room who has a strain of influenza A. The nurse is getting ready to do ppe: Gloves, Gown, Mask with face shield.
What is influenza?The flu wreaks havoc on the lungs, nose, and throat. Young children, elderly people, pregnant women, and people with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems are especially vulnerable. Fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue are some of the symptoms. The flu is primarily treated with rest and fluids to allow the body to fight the infection on its own. Anti-inflammatory pain relievers sold over-the-counter may help with symptoms. An annual flu vaccine can help prevent and limit the severity of the flu. An influenza virus causes the flu. Most people get the flu by breathing in tiny airborne droplets from someone else's coughs or sneezes.
Here,
A nurse is about to enter a client's room who has a strain of influenza A. The nurse is getting ready to do ppe: Gloves, a gown, and a mask with a face shield.
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Complete Question:
a nurse is about to enter the room of a client with a strain of influenza a. the nurse prepares to don ppe. which would be appropriate? select all that apply.
Non-sterile gloves
Masks
Gowns
Protective eye wear
which medication with the nurse identify as a potential cause for the formation of abnormal small eyes
nitrofurantoin medication with the nurse identify as a potential cause for the formation of abnormal small eyes in newborn baby.
Urinary tract infections are treated with nitrofurantoin. The drug nitrofurantoin belongs to the category of drugs known as antibiotics. It functions by eradicating the infection-causing germs.
Colds, the flu, or any other viral infections will not be treated by antibiotics like nitrofurantoin. Antibiotic overuse raises the likelihood that you'll get an infection later on that is resistant to antibiotic therapy.
Both a liquid solution and capsule form of nitrofurantoin are available for oral use. For at least 7 days, nitrofurantoin is often given two or four times day with food. Try to take nitrofurantoin every day at the same times.
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the community-based nurse is educating expectant parents on inherited genetic diseases. how does the nurse describe the genetic mutation that results in cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary genetic illness brought on by a change in the CFTR gene. This mutation impairs the transport of chloride across cell membranes and leads to respiratory, digestive, and reproductive problems.
It is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning both parents must pass on a mutated copy of the CFTR gene for the child to be affected. The nurse should explain this to expectant parents and discuss available options such as genetic testing, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and prenatal diagnosis.
These options can help them determine if their child is at risk for CF and take steps to ensure the health and wellbeing of their family.
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