Define adaptation and selection pressure. why are these concepts important in understanding human anatomy and physiology?
Anatomical, physiological, and behavioural adaptations are traits that have developed in response to selection pressure. Natural processes called selection pressures help some people reproduce more successfully than others.
What is human anatomy and physiology ?A branch of biology that focuses on identifying and describing the physical characteristics of living organisms. In its most limited meaning, gross anatomy only studies the human body's primary bodily structures through dissection and observation.
The study of how the human body works in both health and sickness is known as human physiology. A degree in human physiology offers good preparation for vocations or graduate study in the health professions, biomedical research, or allied fields.Learn more about Anatomy here:
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What is the
purpose of
alveoli?
A. They warm air and dissolve gases to be put into
the blood stream.
B. They transport air from the trachea to the
bronchioles.
C. They make sound as air passes over them.
D. They filter the air coming into the body.
Select all the reasons a cell regulates gene expression. multiple select question. to express their entire genome at all times to have a specialized function to generate atp by producing proteins to respond to changing conditions
To have a specialized function, to generate atp by producing proteins to respond, to changing conditions are reasons why a cell regulates gene expression.
Cells utilize a variety of ways to enhance or reduce the production of particular gene products, such as protein or RNA, and this process is known as gene regulation. In biology, complex gene expression programs are frequently seen, for instance, to start developmental pathways, react to environmental cues, or adapt to new food sources. Almost every stage of gene expression can be altered, including the beginning of transcription, the processing of RNA, and the post-translational modification of a protein. Nutrients, temperature, light, toxins, metals, chemicals, and signals from other cells are among the factors that affect gene expression. Numerous human ailments and diseases can be brought on by problems with the control of gene expression.
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Why are some clades very diverse and some unusually sparse?
older clades are more species rich because they have had more time to accrue diversity than younger clades
cladistics are a way of classifying animals based on the same traits they have like hair or claws
clades are a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.
"the great ape and human clade"
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biologydictionarynet
professordaveexplains
Skeletal muscles are in a constant, slightly contracted state called ____.
a. extensibility
b. elasticity
c. muscle tone
d. relaxation
explain how enzymes work including the role of the active site brainly
Enzymes work by binding to the reactant molecules at the active site which results in the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex.
This is referred to as a biological catalyst which speeds up the rate of chemical reaction in the body. They are proteinous in nature and can be easily denatured when exposed to high temperature and other unfavorable conditions.
They do that by lowering the activation energy of the reaction and bind to the reactant molecules which is referred to as the substrate and results in the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex.
This complex results in the reaction being catalyzed under standard conditions such as the required temperature and concentration which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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1. Explain what this graph is intended to show.
2. What type of graph is this?
3. What is the independent variable?
4. What is the dependent variable?
5. Describe this graph.
6. What if any is the relationship between the average minutes of sunlight and the average temperature?
7. Does this graph show a direct or inverse relationship?
8. Are there any data points that seem not to fit the pattern of the others? If so, can you think of any possible reasons for
these "outliers"?
9. What is the average temperature at 650°C?
.O. Predict what you think the average temperature might be at 700°C?
Answer:
1.the graph shows the relationship between sunlight exposure and temperature, and how temperature varies over time in sunlight.
3. sunlight is independent
4. temperature is dependent
5. the temperature increases as the minutes of sunlight also increase
6. as more minutes are spent in sunlight, the average temperature increases indicating they are somewhat directly proportional to eachother
7. direct relationship
8. yes, due to the possibility of external factors such as humidity and wind speed that can affect the data
9. at 650c the avg temp is 18c
10. in order to predict temperature at 700c, you must draw a best fit line through the points and extrapolate at 700c mark, estimation is somewhere between 36c-40c
Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, this one is most superior and medial.
(3) epigastric is the most superior and medial Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity.
The epigastrium (epigastric region), together with the right and left hypochondria, right and left lateral regions (lumbar areas or flanks), right and left inguinal regions (or fossae), and the umbilical and pubic regions, is one of the nine regions of the abdomen. It is situated halfway between the subcostal plane and the costal margins.
The diaphragm flattens and contracts while breathing, shifting the viscera and causing the upper abdominal wall to migrate outward. The diaphragm and abdominal muscles converge here, causing the epigastrium to protrude when the diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract.
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Question correction:
Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, this one is most superior and medial.
hypogastricumbilicalepigastriclumbarSome cell processes are influenced by multiple signaling pathways that converge on the same molecular targets. does this provide a selective advantage to the organism?
When several signaling channels that regulate cellular activities converge on the same molecular target, there are benefits as well as drawbacks.
The organism here saves energy by not having to synthesis the components for separate pathways, but there is a chance that the cell will react incorrectly to input.
The term "signaling route" refers to a set of chemical interactions in which a number of chemicals in a cell cooperate to regulate a cell function, such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, or cell division or death.
Four things are necessary for a signaling pathway to function: the initial signal, the receptor that binds the signal, the signaling molecule or molecules that relay the message, and the effector or effectors that cause a temporary or permanent change in cellular structure.
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What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process by which molecules/particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium has been achieved.
For structures consisting of identical atoms, how many atoms are contained in the body-centered cubic unit cell?
In the body-centered cubic unit cell, there exist one atom at the center of the cubic cell, and eight atoms at the eight vertices, one at each.
The atom at each of the vertices is shared by eight additional nearby unit cells, however the atom at the center is exclusively owned by that unit cell. According to the latter assertion, each vertex provides one-eighth of an atom. Since there are 8 vertices, their total contribution is computed as:
(1/8) x 8 = 1 atom to the unit cell.Therefore, the total number of atoms per BCC unit cell is 1+1 = 2.
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Which activity has the greatest food safety risk when an employee uses bare hands?
Activity has the greatest food safety risk when an employee uses bare hands is ready-to-eat foods should not be prepared using bare hands or are at high risk.
When any employee uses bare hands there are increased chances of contamination in the case of ready-to-eat foods because ready-to-eat foods needed to be preserved for a longer duration than freshly prepared foods so there should be zero chances of contamination and while working with bare hands this risk is increased as there are many pathogens present in the hands like bacteria, fungus, and if they get optimum condition at any time they will grow profusely and will damage the food which will further damage the health of people eating it and the risk is even more whenever any employee changes his cooking from raw meat to ready to eat food and after the employee has discarded the spoiled food or garbage and doesn't wash hands and start working for ready to eat food and this can also lead t biological hazards and according to the FDA, bare hand contact can transfer dangerous pathogens from hands to food, spreading foodborne illness.
Also, an employee with nail polish is only allowed when wearing gloves and non-latex ones. In fact, bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods is responsible for 30% of restaurant foodborne illness outbreaks, and because of this, the Food Code prohibits bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods.
The FDA gives health departments the power to allow certain restaurants to practice bare-hand contact in carefully controlled situations.
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How are hydrogen bonds involved in the structure of a protein?
Answer:
Hydrogen bonds are involved in the structure of a protein by holding the protein together.
Explanation:
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What forces constitute various intermolecular forces that exist between different molecules?
Adhesive forces are the intermolecular forces of attraction between two different molecules.
What do you mean by intermolecular?Intermolecular forces, such as the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion that act between atoms and other kinds of nearby particles, such as atoms or ions, mediate interactions between molecules. Electrostatic in nature, intermolecular forces result from the interaction of positively and negatively charged entities. Intermolecular interactions are the total of both attracting and repulsive elements, similar to covalent and ionic connections. Intermolecular forces are critical in influencing the physical properties of molecules, such as their melting and boiling points, density, and enthalpies of fusion and vaporization, while being far less important than intramolecular forces of attraction.Kinds of Intermolecular Forces- Distribution, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole.To learn more about intermolecular, refer to:
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NEED HELP ASAP WITH THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS PLSSSS
1.they are the most abundant organisms on earth due to their size and method of reproduction
2. They have cell walls made of chitin
3 examples of this organism is slime mold
4. They have cap, stalk, or circular shape
5. Some species causes amoebiasis
PLS ILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Answer:
1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Slime mold, in fact, is a soil-dwelling amoeba, a brainless, single-celled organism, often containing multiple nuclei.
4. Mushrooms
5. Entamoeba.
I hope this helps!
When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the.
The model is what the mice constitutes when researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice.
Scientific insight, or discovery, entails the creation of a theory to explain an observed phenomenon, the planning and carrying out of experiments to test the theory, and the feedback of experimental findings to the theory's evolution. This procedure, which is sometimes referred to as the scientific method, is essential to all scientific discovery projects.
Experimental modeling is the use of animals (experimental models) to simulate the onset and progression of diseases as well as to evaluate novel treatments before they are administered to humans. Xenograft models are animals that have human malignancies or other tissues implanted.
Because they offer extra insights that are frequently impractical or impossible to learn through real-world experimental and theoretical analysis alone, modeling and simulation are highly appreciated in scientific discovery.
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Question correction:
An experienced goldfish breeder receives two unusual male goldfish. One is black rather than gold, and the other has a single tail fin rather than a split tail fin. The breeder crosses the black male to a female that is gold. All the F1 are gold. She also crosses the single-finned male to a female with a split tail fin. All the F1 have a split tail fin. She then crosses the black male to F1 gold females and, separately, crosses the single-finned male to F1 split-finned females. The results of the crosses are shown below.
Black male ×F1 gold female:
Gold 32
Black 34
Single-finned male ×F1 split-finned female:
Split fin 41
Single fin 39
1. What do the results of these crosses suggest about the inheritance of color and tail fin shape in goldfish?
-The inheritance of color and fin shape are due to segregation of two alleles at the same gene.
-The inheritance of color and fin shape are each due to segregation of two alleles at a single gene.
-The inheritance of color is due to segregation of two alleles at different genes; the same is true for fin shape.
Which of the following is NOT a function of
lipids?
-Make hormones
-long term energy storage
-Build cell membranes
-short term energy
5 examples of binomal nomenclature of organisms
Answer:
5 examples of the binomial nomenclature of organisms are:
cobra - naja naja
frog - rana tigrina
mango - mangifera indica
pear - pyrus communis
honey bee - apis mellifera
How do archaeologists know that the zapotec city of monte alban was more than just a ceremonial center?
There was an observatory for observing the stars to establish a calendar. In what ways did the Chavin influence other peoples? They created amazing works of POTTERY and SCULPTURE that were influential to others.
What is ceremonial center ?Particularly in the Olmec and Maya civilizations of Mesoamerica, ceremonial centres reflect one interpretation of the primary kind of urban site. Each centre often consists of imposing religious structures and temples, offices, ball fields, and nobles' private residences.
Due to their extensive trade networks, the Olmec culture was widely dispersed. Although it is unknown if the Olmec and Zapotec civilizations evolved from an older civilisation, its art and mythology were transmitted via these paths. Olmec influence can be seen in Zapotec stone carvings, plazas, temples, and pyramids.Learn more about Archeologist here:
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Proteins are composed of amino acids that contain a(n) ____________ group (labeled a), a(n) ____________ group (labeled b), and a variable r group.
Proteins are composed of amino acids that contain an amino group (labeled a), an acid group (labeled b), and a variable r group.
Proteins are complex biomolecules and are composed of multiple chains of amino acid subunits.
The amino acids are joined together through peptide linkage and are the building blocks of proteins.
Proteins are present in all living things and various biological substances are categorized as proteins such as hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.
Moreover, they are manufactured in ribosomes and play an essential role in the human body such as regulating cells, organs, and tissues' functions.
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A train car is to a train, as a _______________ is to a polymer and a molecule is to a ______________
Answer: In bold and underlined
A train car is to a train, as a Monomer is to a polymer and a molecule is to a Macromolecule.
Explanation :MACROMOLECULE CONCEPT:
A macromolecule is a large molecule commonly created through the polymerization of smaller subunits. They are usually made up of thousands, or more, atoms.
As _____, an enzyme does not change its chemical structure while promoting other chemical reactions.
An enzyme acts as a catalyst for other chemical reactions without altering its own chemical structure.
What is catalyst?With its chemistry connotation, catalyst entered the English language very recently, at the beginning of the 20th century. It was created from the word catalysis, a phrase used in chemistry to describe a change in a chemical reaction's course, particularly an increase in its rate brought on by a substance that is chemically unaltered at the conclusion of the reaction. By the 1940s, the word "catalyst" was used figuratively to refer to someone or anything that quickly brings about change or activity.
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the process of science?
O The process of science involves testing hypotheses, but also collecting data.
O The process of science is all about developing new technologies.
O The process of science involves testing hypotheses, but also phases of exploration,
communication and societal outcomes.
O The process of science is all about testing hypotheses.
The correct statement regarding the process of science is that: (a) The process of science involves testing hypotheses, but also collecting data.
The process of science can be simply defined as the testing of facts and the observations. It is a 5 step process that includes: identifying any problem, making the related observations, forming a hypothesis based on the observations, performing experiments and producing the results or conclusion.
Hypotheses are the statements made based upon the observations. These statements do not have any proof or written theory for their validation. It is a simple reasoning assumed to the the truth.
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Professor Jamal is studying the populations of two species of grasses, labeled A and B, that are native to a grasslands ecosystem. Based on data and observations, the professor predicts how the populations of the grasses will vary with average temperature during the month of March. Her predictions are shown in the graph.
In one ecosystem, the average March temperature is 16°C. Based on the professor’s graph, which statements describe the populations of the two grass species in this ecosystem?
I. The two populations are approximately equal in size.
II. The two species help the ecosystem tolerate increases or decreases in temperature. III. Over time, one grass species will replace the other in the ecosystem.
(A) III. only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
The statements that describe the populations of the two grass species in this ecosystem are
The two populations are approximately equal Over time, one grass species will replace the other in the ecosystem.Option C I and III
This is further explained below.
What is an ecosystem?Generally, An ecosystem, also known as an ecological system, is made up of all the creatures and the physical setting in which they live.
The nutrition cycles and energy fluxes connect these biotic and abiotic elements.
In conclusion, The statements that describe the populations of the two grass species in this ecosystem are
The two populations are approximately equal Over time, one grass species will replace the other in the ecosystem.Option C I and III
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What effect does the salt concentation in soil have on plant growth?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Hypothesis:
Because salinity interferes with nitrate uptake, stunts development, and prevents plant reproduction, it has an impact on the production of pastures, trees, and crops. Some ions, most notably chloride, are poisonous to plants, and when their concentration rises, the plant becomes poisoned and perishes.
The amount of sunlight that plants receive determines how much they will develop. What you alter is the independent variable, and what occurs as a result of the change is the dependent variable.
Salt is an independent variable.
Dependent variable is the plant's growth (height)
Group experiment: salt-treated plant
Salt-free plant in the control group.
Due to the high sensitivity of plants to sodium, introducing salt to the soil will cause plant death. Some use it as a weed killer, but the same salt that kills weeds will travel out through soil and destroy several other plants, making it a poor pesticide choice.
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Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral reefs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral-reef environment?.
the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have commensalism relationship in the
coral-reef environment.
On the coral-reef, carnivores have diversified into many species than herbivores.So the Competition among carnivores has produced a dangerous environment for prey, in which hungry jaws wait in hideouts around every corner, during all hours of the day.
So to escape predation, some relatively defenseless herbivores, such as parrotfish , have evolved to graze with schools of their better-protected rabbitfish .
Goldlined rabbitfish , also called spine-feet fish, are named so for their defensive venomous spines at the ends of each of their pelvic fins. But spines are last-ditch defense. Therefore to avoid being thrust into a risky spine-to-fang battle, rabbitfish employ their color- changing nature to avoid predator detection in the first place.
Schools of rabbitfish thus provide an excellent refuge for the poorly defended relatives, the parrotfish.
.
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What was the dependent or responding variable in this lab?
A. The heart rate (beats per minute)
B. The # of students participating
C. The resting heart rate
D. The type of activity the students performed
The heart rate (beats per minute) is referred to as the dependent or responding variable in this lab and is denoted as option A.
What is a Dependent variable?This is the type of variable which changes when the independent variable is manipulated and is also referred to as the effect which is experienced in an experiment.
In this experiment, we can deduce that the independent variable is the type of activity being done by the student which produces changes in their heart rate(dependent variable) and is therefore the reason why option A was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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You did a gram stain on an older culture of gram cells, what color would the dead and live cells from the culture appear in a gram stain?
After gram staining, the cell will appear pink or red. As peptidoglycan cell walls degrade in older cultures, gram-positive cells are more likely to become gram-negative or gram variable. Cell walls start to deteriorate, which makes the crystal violet leave the cell.
What is gram staining?A Gram stain test is done to check for microorganisms everywhere a disease might be present.The two main subtypes of bacteria are infections that are Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Based on their responses to the Gram stain, the various bacterial species are separated. A Gram stain has a purple color. The bacteria in a sample either stay purple or change to pink or red when the dye and bacteria interact. If the bacteria remain purple, they are supposed to be Gram-positive. Gram-negative bacteria are those that turn pink or red when exposed to light. Your doctor can determine the type of illness you have and the proper treatments to use to treat it by determining whether the bacteria are Gram-positive or Gram-negative.Learn more about the gram staining with the help of the given link:
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In humans and other multicelluar organisms, which substance plays a central role in long-term energy storage?
In humans and other multicellular organisms, fats and sugar substances play a central role in long-term energy storage.
Fats and sugar are vital macronutrients that belong to the class of carbohydrates and are major sources of energy.
These compounds are key components behind substantial body reactions as they provide energy for carrying many chemical reactions.
Carbohydrates and fats can be obtained from food such as rice, wheat, meat, seafood, eggs, vegetables and milk products.
When these macronutrients are converted into smaller units they transfer energy to cells and other organelles.
To put it simply, our muscles and liver store sugar as glycogen and excess is deposited into adipose tissues as fats.
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Tom walked into the anatomy lab for the first time and was overpowered by the odor of formaldehyde. By the end of the lab, he said there was only a slight smell. This can best be explained by?.
Tom walked into the anatomy lab for the first time and was overpowered by the odor of formaldehyde. By the end of the lab, he said there was only a slight smell. This can best be explained by sensory adaptation.
In the field of science, we can describe sensory adaptation as the reduction in sensitivity of the sensory organs towards a particular stimulus because of consistent or continuous exposure to it.
As a result of sensory adaptation, our brain tends to become adapted to a particular condition and helps us to show lower sensitivity to that condition.
When Tom walked into the lab, his sensory organ produced maximum sensitivity toward the odor of formaldehyde. By remaining in the lab, the exposure to the odor was consistent. As a result, Tom gained secondary adaptation to the odor and said that there was only a slight smell by the end of the day.
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