There are around 50 atoms in the cell membrane.
Knowing that the thickness of a cell membrane is somewhere between 7.5 and 10 nm will allow you to divide 7.5 and 10 by 0.2 nm, where 1 nm equals 1*109 m.
The cell membrane is roughly 37.5 and 50 atoms thick, according to the two answers of 47.5 and 50.
A hydrogen has a diameter of 10^ -10 m. A cell membrane has a 10^8 m thickness.
The formulae of thickness in terms of number of atoms = d /2 × D
Here the (d) = the diameter of membrane
The (D) = The diameter of hydrogen atom
The diameter of hydrogen atom = 10^-10 m
The thickness of membrane = 10^8 m
by substituting these value in above formulae
The number of atoms = 10^8 /2 × 10 ^−10 m
= 50 atoms
Consequently, the thickness of a cell membrane is equivalent to 50 atoms' total thickness.
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Professor Jamal is studying the populations of two species of grasses, labeled A and B, that are native to a grasslands ecosystem. Based on data and observations, the professor predicts how the populations of the grasses will vary with average temperature during the month of March. Her predictions are shown in the graph.
In one ecosystem, the average March temperature is 16°C. Based on the professor’s graph, which statements describe the populations of the two grass species in this ecosystem?
I. The two populations are approximately equal in size.
II. The two species help the ecosystem tolerate increases or decreases in temperature. III. Over time, one grass species will replace the other in the ecosystem.
(A) III. only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
The statements that describe the populations of the two grass species in this ecosystem are
The two populations are approximately equal Over time, one grass species will replace the other in the ecosystem.Option C I and III
This is further explained below.
What is an ecosystem?Generally, An ecosystem, also known as an ecological system, is made up of all the creatures and the physical setting in which they live.
The nutrition cycles and energy fluxes connect these biotic and abiotic elements.
In conclusion, The statements that describe the populations of the two grass species in this ecosystem are
The two populations are approximately equal Over time, one grass species will replace the other in the ecosystem.Option C I and III
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Why are some clades very diverse and some unusually sparse?
older clades are more species rich because they have had more time to accrue diversity than younger clades
cladistics are a way of classifying animals based on the same traits they have like hair or claws
clades are a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.
"the great ape and human clade"
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professordaveexplains
Explain why, in the early morning and in the evening, there is no overall movement of gases into or out of the leaf
Explanation:
As the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration in plants is equal
Explanation:
As the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of restoration in plants is equal
A. What is the trend (pattern) with the amount of calories burned
over the 7 day period?
theres no queston or image to reference from
What effect does the salt concentation in soil have on plant growth?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Hypothesis:
Because salinity interferes with nitrate uptake, stunts development, and prevents plant reproduction, it has an impact on the production of pastures, trees, and crops. Some ions, most notably chloride, are poisonous to plants, and when their concentration rises, the plant becomes poisoned and perishes.
The amount of sunlight that plants receive determines how much they will develop. What you alter is the independent variable, and what occurs as a result of the change is the dependent variable.
Salt is an independent variable.
Dependent variable is the plant's growth (height)
Group experiment: salt-treated plant
Salt-free plant in the control group.
Due to the high sensitivity of plants to sodium, introducing salt to the soil will cause plant death. Some use it as a weed killer, but the same salt that kills weeds will travel out through soil and destroy several other plants, making it a poor pesticide choice.
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NEED HELP ASAP WITH THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS PLSSSS
1.they are the most abundant organisms on earth due to their size and method of reproduction
2. They have cell walls made of chitin
3 examples of this organism is slime mold
4. They have cap, stalk, or circular shape
5. Some species causes amoebiasis
PLS ILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Answer:
1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Slime mold, in fact, is a soil-dwelling amoeba, a brainless, single-celled organism, often containing multiple nuclei.
4. Mushrooms
5. Entamoeba.
I hope this helps!
Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, this one is most superior and medial.
(3) epigastric is the most superior and medial Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity.
The epigastrium (epigastric region), together with the right and left hypochondria, right and left lateral regions (lumbar areas or flanks), right and left inguinal regions (or fossae), and the umbilical and pubic regions, is one of the nine regions of the abdomen. It is situated halfway between the subcostal plane and the costal margins.
The diaphragm flattens and contracts while breathing, shifting the viscera and causing the upper abdominal wall to migrate outward. The diaphragm and abdominal muscles converge here, causing the epigastrium to protrude when the diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract.
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Question correction:
Of the nine regions used by anatomists to divide the abdominopelvic cavity, this one is most superior and medial.
hypogastricumbilicalepigastriclumbarOne of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has _________blank.
1. effects on the heart
2. impurities
3. multiple effects
4. a key to some part of the mind
Option 3: One of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has multiple effects.
Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect an individual's mental state by altering the working of the central nervous system. Psychoactive drugs are classified into stimulants, depressants, narcotics or opioids, hallucinogens, and marijuana or cannabis. They have various principles that depend upon patient's history, has multiple effects, none of them are too good or too bad, and also their prescription size matters.
All of these drugs have various effects on a person's mental state. If they can drive an individual to euphoria, they can also bring the patient to relax and feel low. If taken in excess amounts, they can even cause coma or death. Therefore, they should not be taken without the prescription of a doctor.
Caffeine and alcohol are two psychoactive drugs that are often consumed by people without prescription. But their consumption should also be limited to avoid unfavorable conditions.
Any of the psychoactive drugs is not bound to produce only one effect. Instead, they can be administered for various conditions owing to their capability of producing multiple effects.
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Tom walked into the anatomy lab for the first time and was overpowered by the odor of formaldehyde. By the end of the lab, he said there was only a slight smell. This can best be explained by?.
Tom walked into the anatomy lab for the first time and was overpowered by the odor of formaldehyde. By the end of the lab, he said there was only a slight smell. This can best be explained by sensory adaptation.
In the field of science, we can describe sensory adaptation as the reduction in sensitivity of the sensory organs towards a particular stimulus because of consistent or continuous exposure to it.
As a result of sensory adaptation, our brain tends to become adapted to a particular condition and helps us to show lower sensitivity to that condition.
When Tom walked into the lab, his sensory organ produced maximum sensitivity toward the odor of formaldehyde. By remaining in the lab, the exposure to the odor was consistent. As a result, Tom gained secondary adaptation to the odor and said that there was only a slight smell by the end of the day.
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explain how enzymes work including the role of the active site brainly
Enzymes work by binding to the reactant molecules at the active site which results in the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex.
This is referred to as a biological catalyst which speeds up the rate of chemical reaction in the body. They are proteinous in nature and can be easily denatured when exposed to high temperature and other unfavorable conditions.
They do that by lowering the activation energy of the reaction and bind to the reactant molecules which is referred to as the substrate and results in the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex.
This complex results in the reaction being catalyzed under standard conditions such as the required temperature and concentration which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the.
The model is what the mice constitutes when researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice.
Scientific insight, or discovery, entails the creation of a theory to explain an observed phenomenon, the planning and carrying out of experiments to test the theory, and the feedback of experimental findings to the theory's evolution. This procedure, which is sometimes referred to as the scientific method, is essential to all scientific discovery projects.
Experimental modeling is the use of animals (experimental models) to simulate the onset and progression of diseases as well as to evaluate novel treatments before they are administered to humans. Xenograft models are animals that have human malignancies or other tissues implanted.
Because they offer extra insights that are frequently impractical or impossible to learn through real-world experimental and theoretical analysis alone, modeling and simulation are highly appreciated in scientific discovery.
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Question correction:
An experienced goldfish breeder receives two unusual male goldfish. One is black rather than gold, and the other has a single tail fin rather than a split tail fin. The breeder crosses the black male to a female that is gold. All the F1 are gold. She also crosses the single-finned male to a female with a split tail fin. All the F1 have a split tail fin. She then crosses the black male to F1 gold females and, separately, crosses the single-finned male to F1 split-finned females. The results of the crosses are shown below.
Black male ×F1 gold female:
Gold 32
Black 34
Single-finned male ×F1 split-finned female:
Split fin 41
Single fin 39
1. What do the results of these crosses suggest about the inheritance of color and tail fin shape in goldfish?
-The inheritance of color and fin shape are due to segregation of two alleles at the same gene.
-The inheritance of color and fin shape are each due to segregation of two alleles at a single gene.
-The inheritance of color is due to segregation of two alleles at different genes; the same is true for fin shape.
Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral reefs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral-reef environment?.
the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have commensalism relationship in the
coral-reef environment.
On the coral-reef, carnivores have diversified into many species than herbivores.So the Competition among carnivores has produced a dangerous environment for prey, in which hungry jaws wait in hideouts around every corner, during all hours of the day.
So to escape predation, some relatively defenseless herbivores, such as parrotfish , have evolved to graze with schools of their better-protected rabbitfish .
Goldlined rabbitfish , also called spine-feet fish, are named so for their defensive venomous spines at the ends of each of their pelvic fins. But spines are last-ditch defense. Therefore to avoid being thrust into a risky spine-to-fang battle, rabbitfish employ their color- changing nature to avoid predator detection in the first place.
Schools of rabbitfish thus provide an excellent refuge for the poorly defended relatives, the parrotfish.
.
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In humans and other multicelluar organisms, which substance plays a central role in long-term energy storage?
In humans and other multicellular organisms, fats and sugar substances play a central role in long-term energy storage.
Fats and sugar are vital macronutrients that belong to the class of carbohydrates and are major sources of energy.
These compounds are key components behind substantial body reactions as they provide energy for carrying many chemical reactions.
Carbohydrates and fats can be obtained from food such as rice, wheat, meat, seafood, eggs, vegetables and milk products.
When these macronutrients are converted into smaller units they transfer energy to cells and other organelles.
To put it simply, our muscles and liver store sugar as glycogen and excess is deposited into adipose tissues as fats.
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the process of science?
O The process of science involves testing hypotheses, but also collecting data.
O The process of science is all about developing new technologies.
O The process of science involves testing hypotheses, but also phases of exploration,
communication and societal outcomes.
O The process of science is all about testing hypotheses.
The correct statement regarding the process of science is that: (a) The process of science involves testing hypotheses, but also collecting data.
The process of science can be simply defined as the testing of facts and the observations. It is a 5 step process that includes: identifying any problem, making the related observations, forming a hypothesis based on the observations, performing experiments and producing the results or conclusion.
Hypotheses are the statements made based upon the observations. These statements do not have any proof or written theory for their validation. It is a simple reasoning assumed to the the truth.
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1. Explain what this graph is intended to show.
2. What type of graph is this?
3. What is the independent variable?
4. What is the dependent variable?
5. Describe this graph.
6. What if any is the relationship between the average minutes of sunlight and the average temperature?
7. Does this graph show a direct or inverse relationship?
8. Are there any data points that seem not to fit the pattern of the others? If so, can you think of any possible reasons for
these "outliers"?
9. What is the average temperature at 650°C?
.O. Predict what you think the average temperature might be at 700°C?
Answer:
1.the graph shows the relationship between sunlight exposure and temperature, and how temperature varies over time in sunlight.
3. sunlight is independent
4. temperature is dependent
5. the temperature increases as the minutes of sunlight also increase
6. as more minutes are spent in sunlight, the average temperature increases indicating they are somewhat directly proportional to eachother
7. direct relationship
8. yes, due to the possibility of external factors such as humidity and wind speed that can affect the data
9. at 650c the avg temp is 18c
10. in order to predict temperature at 700c, you must draw a best fit line through the points and extrapolate at 700c mark, estimation is somewhere between 36c-40c
Define adaptation and selection pressure. why are these concepts important in understanding human anatomy and physiology?
Anatomical, physiological, and behavioural adaptations are traits that have developed in response to selection pressure. Natural processes called selection pressures help some people reproduce more successfully than others.
What is human anatomy and physiology ?A branch of biology that focuses on identifying and describing the physical characteristics of living organisms. In its most limited meaning, gross anatomy only studies the human body's primary bodily structures through dissection and observation.
The study of how the human body works in both health and sickness is known as human physiology. A degree in human physiology offers good preparation for vocations or graduate study in the health professions, biomedical research, or allied fields.Learn more about Anatomy here:
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Some cell processes are influenced by multiple signaling pathways that converge on the same molecular targets. does this provide a selective advantage to the organism?
When several signaling channels that regulate cellular activities converge on the same molecular target, there are benefits as well as drawbacks.
The organism here saves energy by not having to synthesis the components for separate pathways, but there is a chance that the cell will react incorrectly to input.
The term "signaling route" refers to a set of chemical interactions in which a number of chemicals in a cell cooperate to regulate a cell function, such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, or cell division or death.
Four things are necessary for a signaling pathway to function: the initial signal, the receptor that binds the signal, the signaling molecule or molecules that relay the message, and the effector or effectors that cause a temporary or permanent change in cellular structure.
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How are hydrogen bonds involved in the structure of a protein?
Answer:
Hydrogen bonds are involved in the structure of a protein by holding the protein together.
Explanation:
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A nurse administers a prescribed loading dose of digoxin based on the understanding that doing so will result in:________
A nurse delivers a specific loading dose with digoxin with the knowledge that this will result in a faster reach of critical concentration.
What exactly is digoxin?Digoxin is a member of the digitalis glycosides class of medications. It is used to increase the heart's strength and efficiency, as well as to control the tempo as well as rhythm of the heart. This improves blood circulation and reduces swelling of the hands as well as ankles in cardiac patients. a medication prescribed to treat irregular heartbeats.
Why is digoxin never longer recommended?Digoxin's use is restricted because the medicine has a limited therapeutic index and requires continuous monitoring. Digoxin can induce a wide range of side effects, is implicated in numerous medication interactions, and also can result in toxicity. Despite its limitations, digoxin has a position in therapy.
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Which of these events is MOST likely to be followed by primary succession in the area where the event occurs?
(A) A fire burns most of the trees of a forest.
(B) Floodwaters cover and then drain away from a valley.
(C) A volcanic eruption covers a mountainside with molten rock.
(E) A farmer stops raising crops on a field.
(D) Snow covers a meadow during the winter.
A volcanic eruption covers a mountainside with molten rock is MOST likely to be followed by primary succession in the area where the event occurs.
What is a primary succession?Primary succession refers to the process of ecological succession that occurs in an area where no previous ecosystem existed. This process begins with the colonization of a previously unoccupied area, such as a new volcanic island or ash-covered land after a volcanic eruption, by pioneer species, which are typically hardy, fast-growing organisms that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions.
Over time, these pioneer species create a suitable habitat for other organisms, leading to the development of a more complex ecosystem. Primary succession is a gradual process that can take hundreds or even thousands of years to complete.
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What forces constitute various intermolecular forces that exist between different molecules?
Adhesive forces are the intermolecular forces of attraction between two different molecules.
What do you mean by intermolecular?Intermolecular forces, such as the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion that act between atoms and other kinds of nearby particles, such as atoms or ions, mediate interactions between molecules. Electrostatic in nature, intermolecular forces result from the interaction of positively and negatively charged entities. Intermolecular interactions are the total of both attracting and repulsive elements, similar to covalent and ionic connections. Intermolecular forces are critical in influencing the physical properties of molecules, such as their melting and boiling points, density, and enthalpies of fusion and vaporization, while being far less important than intramolecular forces of attraction.Kinds of Intermolecular Forces- Distribution, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole.To learn more about intermolecular, refer to:
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As _____, an enzyme does not change its chemical structure while promoting other chemical reactions.
An enzyme acts as a catalyst for other chemical reactions without altering its own chemical structure.
What is catalyst?With its chemistry connotation, catalyst entered the English language very recently, at the beginning of the 20th century. It was created from the word catalysis, a phrase used in chemistry to describe a change in a chemical reaction's course, particularly an increase in its rate brought on by a substance that is chemically unaltered at the conclusion of the reaction. By the 1940s, the word "catalyst" was used figuratively to refer to someone or anything that quickly brings about change or activity.
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An organism is described as 2n = 26. how many chromosomes are in one meiotic cell during telophase 2?
According to the given statement 26 chromosomes are in one meiotic cell during telophase 2.
What exactly are chromosomes?The thread-like components known as chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both plant and animal cells. Proteins and a single unit of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA).The exact directions that give each type of living thing its uniqueness are encoded in DNA, which is handed down from parents to offspring.
What are chromosomes' primary purposes?The basic function of chromosomes is to transport DNA and transmit genetic material through one generations to the next. Cell division depends heavily on chromosomes. They protect the DNA against tangles and harm.
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Chara zeylanica is a complex streptophyte alga. what traits would this species need to gain in order to be classified as a land plant? (check all that apply.)
Terrestrial plants (embryonic plants) are a small group of freshwater algae ranging from scaly unicellular flagellates (mesostigma) to complex filamentous thallus with branching, cellular differentiation, and apical growth (charales), streptococcal green algae.
Evolved from Streptococci and embryonic algae make up the Streptococcus division, while the rest of the green algae are classified as green algae. Charales (rockworms) are often considered sisters to terrestrial plants, suggesting a gradual evolution to cellular complexity within streptococcal green algae. Many cells (e.g. phragmoplasts, plasmodesmata, hexameric cellulose synthase, flagellar cell structures, oocyte reproduction with zygote retention) and physiological properties (e.g. photorespiratory mode, phytochrome system) are linked Derived from cocci algae. Phylogenetic studies show that as sisters to all other streptococci, including embryonic plants, Mesostigma (flagellates) and Chlorocybus (sartinoids) form the earliest divergence within streptococci . The question of whether Charales, Coleochaetales, or Zygnematoles are sisters to embryonic plants is still (or again) hotly debated. A project has been initiated to investigate genome evolution within streptococci, including protein families and polyadenylation signals. Consistent with morphological and physiological traits, many molecular traits thought to be specific to embryonic plants may have arose before the chlorophyte/streptococcal division or were derived from streptococcal algae. shown.
Molecular phylogeny and the fossil record allow for detailed reconstructions of the early evolutionary events that gave rise to true land plants and shaped the present-day diversity and ecology of the interlaced green algae and their progeny plants.
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You did a gram stain on an older culture of gram cells, what color would the dead and live cells from the culture appear in a gram stain?
After gram staining, the cell will appear pink or red. As peptidoglycan cell walls degrade in older cultures, gram-positive cells are more likely to become gram-negative or gram variable. Cell walls start to deteriorate, which makes the crystal violet leave the cell.
What is gram staining?A Gram stain test is done to check for microorganisms everywhere a disease might be present.The two main subtypes of bacteria are infections that are Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Based on their responses to the Gram stain, the various bacterial species are separated. A Gram stain has a purple color. The bacteria in a sample either stay purple or change to pink or red when the dye and bacteria interact. If the bacteria remain purple, they are supposed to be Gram-positive. Gram-negative bacteria are those that turn pink or red when exposed to light. Your doctor can determine the type of illness you have and the proper treatments to use to treat it by determining whether the bacteria are Gram-positive or Gram-negative.Learn more about the gram staining with the help of the given link:
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Which kind of brain damage often causes people to lose their social inhibitions and to ignore the rules of polite conduct?
Damage to the prefrontal cortex often causes people to lose their social inhabitations.
prefrontal cortex responsible for formulating plans & techniques along with a person' personality. orchestration of thoughts and moves in accordance with internal dreams" prefrontal cortex characteristic is planning ahead - predict the destiny monitoring - comparing a situation sustained interest - retaining eyes on targetgoal direct behavior operating memory - quick term reminiscence & practice session problem fixing characteristic of the Orbital prefrontal cortex is secondary flavor cortex: reward cost of flavor is represented, number one chargeable for identity (now not reward) .Secondary Olfactory place: information approximately the identification, reward value of odors represented. conduct: produced with rewards & punishment, the more pleasure & ache there may be, the extra OFC activity happens.To know more about prefrontal cortex visit : https://brainly.com/question/9941447
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Which activity has the greatest food safety risk when an employee uses bare hands?
Activity has the greatest food safety risk when an employee uses bare hands is ready-to-eat foods should not be prepared using bare hands or are at high risk.
When any employee uses bare hands there are increased chances of contamination in the case of ready-to-eat foods because ready-to-eat foods needed to be preserved for a longer duration than freshly prepared foods so there should be zero chances of contamination and while working with bare hands this risk is increased as there are many pathogens present in the hands like bacteria, fungus, and if they get optimum condition at any time they will grow profusely and will damage the food which will further damage the health of people eating it and the risk is even more whenever any employee changes his cooking from raw meat to ready to eat food and after the employee has discarded the spoiled food or garbage and doesn't wash hands and start working for ready to eat food and this can also lead t biological hazards and according to the FDA, bare hand contact can transfer dangerous pathogens from hands to food, spreading foodborne illness.
Also, an employee with nail polish is only allowed when wearing gloves and non-latex ones. In fact, bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods is responsible for 30% of restaurant foodborne illness outbreaks, and because of this, the Food Code prohibits bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods.
The FDA gives health departments the power to allow certain restaurants to practice bare-hand contact in carefully controlled situations.
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What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process by which molecules/particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium has been achieved.
Which of the following is NOT a function of
lipids?
-Make hormones
-long term energy storage
-Build cell membranes
-short term energy
What was the dependent or responding variable in this lab?
A. The heart rate (beats per minute)
B. The # of students participating
C. The resting heart rate
D. The type of activity the students performed
The heart rate (beats per minute) is referred to as the dependent or responding variable in this lab and is denoted as option A.
What is a Dependent variable?This is the type of variable which changes when the independent variable is manipulated and is also referred to as the effect which is experienced in an experiment.
In this experiment, we can deduce that the independent variable is the type of activity being done by the student which produces changes in their heart rate(dependent variable) and is therefore the reason why option A was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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