Explanation:
In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby," the character of Jay Gatsby throws elaborate parties at his mansion on Long Island as a way to attract the attention of his former love, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby believes that by throwing these lavish parties, Daisy will eventually attend one and he will have the opportunity to see her again and possibly rekindle their relationship. He also throws these parties to show off his wealth and status, hoping that Daisy will be impressed and choose to leave her husband for him. Gatsby does not seem to interact much at these parties because he is focused on trying to win Daisy back
hamlet swears horatio to two things. what are they?
Regardless of how Hamlet acts, keep quiet about the ghost and refrain from mentioning it to others.
Horatio receives a vow from Hamlet.Horatio and Marcellus' anxious calls are answered by Hamlet, who offers them no specific advice in exchange for their agreement to keep their experiences private. Horatio is sent a secret message from Hamlet in which he promises to pose as crazy in order to spy on his mother and uncle.
Horatio is sworn by Hamlet to what two things?he pledged to keep his word and defend his mother as well as the nation from Fortinbras.
Why does Hamlet make a secret promise to Horatio and the others?As Horatio and Marcellus pledge to secrecy, Hamlet gains more audience approval. The two men show tremendous loyalty to him because of his true leadership skills and sincere friendship for Horatio, and this dedication is unmistakably Hamlet's well-deserved recompense for his moral courage.
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Read the passage.
Which stylistic element most contributes to
"Can't do it Won't do it. No, I refuse to do it." These
Spencer's outraged voice?
were the thoughts that went thröugh Spencer's mind
as he trudged out to the dumpster for the tenth time
© vivid language
that afternoon. Those fools thought they could push
sentence variety
him around just because he was the newest person
• informal language
on the job. No one else had to walk down the back
O incorrect punctuation
stairs into the cold, wet afternoon to take out the
trash 10 times in one day! "Well, joke's on them," he
thought as he tossed the bag of trash into the
dumpster and kept on walking toward the bus stop
instead of heading back in to finish his shift.
Submit
When it comes to literature and writing, stylistic aspects refer to the employment of any of a wide range of ways to add further meaning, concepts, or feelings to the written word.
What kind of style feature is this, specifically?An aesthetic component of alliteration In the phrase "The rain ran down the roof," the letter "r" is repeated at the beginning of several syllables, which is an example of alliteration. Another illustration is the phrase, "A frail branch broke," which contains a repeating "br" sound.
What constitutes stylistics' style components?These are some characteristics of style: vocabulary, syntax, metaphorical language, rhythm, and component sounds; diction (word choice); sentence structure; • grammatical conventions (e.g. narration, description, comparison-contrast, etc.)
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Who is the tragic hero in The Old Man and the Sea?
The tragic hero of The Old Man and the Sea is Santiago, an elderly Cuban fisherman who has gone 84 days without catching a fish.
What is fisherman?A fisherman is someone who engages in the activity of fishing, which is the practice of catching fish from oceans, rivers, and other bodies of water. Fishing can be done for recreational, commercial, or subsistence purposes. Despite his advanced age and physical ailments, Santiago embarks on a dangerous journey far out to sea, hoping to catch a giant marlin that will save his reputation as a fisherman. He eventually catches the marlin, but is unable to bring it home due to the sharks that attack it.
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Rogue Heart
by Axie Oh (excerpt)
he dreamers gather in Neo Beijing's starlight district. The
wanderers and the thrill-seekers. Those with poems in their
souls and secrets in their hearts. All those racing toward the
bright, unknowable future.
All those running from pasts painful and unforgiven
If you listen carefully, you can hear the song of the city. It's
in the sharp, taucous laughter of the kids barreling down the
crowded streets, in the heavy electronic beats erupting like
great beasts from basement clubs, in the wind whistling
through dark alleys, and in the rain as it drops on to the city like
so many talling stars.
Two years ago, I stumbled into the city, half starved and
afraid, and I couldn't hear the song. My heart beat louder than
the music
Memories rise unbidden-of pain, of loss, of a handsome
face so beloved yet turned from me. I place a hand against my
throat until the rapid pulse steadies. The past is in the mind, as
Dr Koga used to say. Let it go. Let it be
The future is in the heart
Tonight, the song is a light patter of droplets on the
windowpane I listen for a moment more before tuming back to
the cate, broom in hand. The Alchemy of Dreams lies in the
labyrinth of shops surrounding the Moon Court. The proprietors
run the shop with their university-bound daughter, Ting Ting
I believe at first they hired me out of pity-a girt, just sateen
who couldn't understand their language, let alone speak who
© 2023 Edimentum All rights reserved.
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ii
Select the correct answer
Read the excerpt from Rogue Heart by Axie Oh
Still, it's a constant war these days against the dust that sweeps across the city limits, pilling worst in dead ends and
cul-de-sacs, like the one that shelters The Alchemy of Dreams
Which dictionary entry best supports the meaning of the word sweep as used in the excerpt?
OA. to clean with, or as if with, a broom or brush
OB.
to move along swiftly, violently, or overwhelmingly
Oc.
to remove from sight or consideration
OD. to clear by repeated and forcible action
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The dictionary entry that best supports the meaning of the word sweep as used in the excerpt is B. to move along swiftly, violently, or overwhelmingly
What is a Connotative Meaning?This refers to the term that is used to describe and define the implied meaning of a word that is used based on the available context and may not be the dictionary meaning.
Hence, it can be seen that from the excerpt, it is stated that: "Still, it's a constant war these days against the dust that sweeps across the city limits," which shows that option B is the right answer
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According to the communication process, who provides information?SenderDoctorsReceiverFeedback
In the marketing communication process, the source is the business or individual with information to disseminate. The practise of making people aware that a product exists is referred to as marketing. The correct response is C. Receiver.
Any marketing communication's ultimate objective is to motivate the recipient to take action. The following phase is to persuade potential customers that investing in the company's goods or services will be worthwhile. Therefore, in the marketing communication process, the source is the business or individual with information to provide.
The sender is the one who transmits the message, and she is also the one who must encode it from her thoughts or ideas into something that can be transmitted and received, like words. A communication channel must be chosen because that is how the message is delivered. Speaking, writing, videos, audios, and even body language are some of the communication channels.
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What is hazard clean solvent?
Cleaning solvent are used to get rid of impurities such solder flux, grease, and other types of oil. The cleaning solvent are used in cleaning process such vapor rust remover, automated cleaning machinery.
The majority of these dangers, according to the expert cleaning and maintenance sector, fall into five categories listed below:
1.Biological dangers. This might involve coming into contact with bacteria, fungi, mold, or pathogenic pathogens.
2. Risks from chemicals. Many cleaning products, including green cleaning products, include a variety of compounds that could be hazardous and health-threatening if handled or inhaled.
3. Physical hazards. Often overlooked, the physical hazards of cleaning include such things as using "noisy" cleaning equipment, machinery that vibrates, tools that are not ergonomically designed, as well as cleaning tasks that require considerable repetitive movement such as vacuuming or mopping floors.
4. Bad air quality inside. Heating systems are now commonly set to shut down at 6 p.m. on weekdays and completely on weekends in many major buildings. The fumes from potent cleaning agents could lead to indoor air quality that poses health risks if a cleaner is working in a closed space.
5. Stress. Cleaning staff frequently experience stress if they are undertrained to execute their duties, there is lack of communication with managers, the work is poorly organized, the working environment is unfavorable, they are overworked, or new cleaning products, equipment, or processes are implemented.
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write a descriptive essay about a man with a long black coat
The man walked down the street with a long black coat draped over his shoulders.
Describe a man with a long black coat.The man with the long black coat had an air of mystery about him. He was tall and imposing, his long black coat sweeping the ground as he walked. His face was hidden by a wide-brimmed hat and a black scarf, which he pulled tightly around his neck. His dark eyes seemed to look right through you, as if he knew something you didn’t.
He walked with a purpose through the streets, never looking left or right, as if he had a destination in mind and nothing could stop him from reaching it. He seemed to move with an invisible strength, pushing away anyone who got too close.
His long black coat was a symbol of his power and authority, as if he were a king walking through a kingdom of his own making. He was a man of few words, but when he did speak, his voice was deep and commanding. He radiated an aura of strength and confidence, and he was clearly accustomed to getting what he wanted.
His presence was intimidating, but there was also something strangely alluring about him. He was a man of mystery, and it was impossible not to be fascinated by him. He was a man who was both feared and admired, and he would be remembered by all who encountered him.
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From “ The Atlantic Slave Trade”
Why can you conclude that European colonists most likely decline to import their own countrymen to work on new world plantations ?
A. There were not enough Europeans able to travel to the New World
B. It would have been too expensive to pay Europeans
C. Europeans did not know how to grow and harvest New World crops.
D. Native labors refuse to work with European colonist.
Answer: B
Explanation:
European colonists most likely declined to import their own countrymen to work on new world plantations because the labor was viewed as too risky and expensive. Additionally, the colonists wanted to maintain power and control over the labor force, which was easier to do with an enslaved African population rather than free European labor.
introduction on work life balance
Answer: Work-life balance means managing your professional as well as your personal life efficiently.
Explanation: Work-life balance has become very important nowadays. Working schedules of companies have become very hectic which is very frustrating for people some people.
So to lead a happy life one needs to balance their professional and personal life.Personal life includes spending time with your family and friends.One can also play some sports or do something that they really like and enjoy.
It is also not easy to achieve a work-life balance in today's time. One has to be very disciplined and hardworking and dedicated to obtain this balance.
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Vocab words:
Reckless
Pact
Vibrant
Haggle
Comply
Invincible
Rogue
Imply
Obstruction
Invigorating
(15pts)
1. Pact
2. Rogue
3. Reckless
4. Vibrant
5. Comply
6. Invigorating
7. Obstruction
8. Imply
9. Haggle
10. Invincible
read the haiku. beneath the cold dirt bulbs slumber with the knowledge shoots emerge again which phrase from the haiku reveals the idea of renewal?
Option d: Emerge again. The phrase from the haiku reveals the idea of renewal. - Emerge again
The word "emerge" indicates that something previously buried in the ground comes to the surface.
This can also be used to describe specific lamina updates. It can be used to represent rebirth of love, rebellion, grief, fighting spirit, etc.
Few examples are- As a result, a new problem arose.
Protrudes upward from enveloping liquid or from enveloping liquid:
It appears in the field of view of divers emerging from the water.
You have to become a leader in order to rise up from an obscure, inferior position or situation.
Reverted by evolution.
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Complete question:
Read the haiku.
Beneath the cold dirt
Bulbs slumber with the knowledge
Shoots emerge again
Which phrase from the haiku reveals the idea of renewal?
cold dirt
bulbs slumber
the knowledge
emerge again
The subject/ essay map approach is helpful for all types of essays.
1. True 2. False
The subject/ essay map approach is helpful for all types of essays. This statement was false. Thus, option (b) is correct.
What is essay?The term essay refers to the short piece of writing on a particular subject of the topic. The essay is writing for someone is convinced for someone. They simply inform the reader on particular topic. There are different types of essay such as argumentative, narrative, descriptive, and expository essay.
According to the statement was to convey the message are the all type of the essay are not to the necessary a map. Firstly, the written the essay are not to the necessary the map was the attached.
As a result, the statement was false. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
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when a speaker paints an issue as having only two alternatives, one which is totally unacceptable and one which the speaker wants, the speaker is creating a(n) fallacy.
What do you call the type of drama in which the characters overcome their difficulties and find happiness at the end?
Comedy is a sort of drama where the protagonists face challenges but ultimately succeed in finding happiness.
Comedy is a kind of drama that aims to entertain and engage viewers rather than seriously concern them with what happens. The protagonists face challenges, but they ultimately succeed in overcoming their misfortune and discover happiness. Comedy is scripted.
Comedy Drama that seeks to make the audience laugh is referred to as comedy. It has a pleasant tone and, for the most part, a cheerful ending. Such a custom originated in the Greek theater of antiquity, where comedy originally developed as a kind of drama. Dramatic irony, farce, sarcasm, black humor, etc. are only a few examples of subcategories that can be used to further categorize comedy. Every comedy has a specific target audience. It's interesting to note that these choices may also be influenced by a person's cultural upbringing.
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When languages decline rapidly, why do much of their vocabulary get lost?
What does the caged bird sings about in the poem?
The caged bird sings about freedom, hope, resilience, and the beauty of life. The bird sings of dreams and the joy of being able to soar freely.
What do you mean by freedom?
Freedom is the ability to choose and act according to one's own free will and without being subject to any external coercion or limitation. It is the state of being free from dominating constraints, especially political and social, that restrict one's choices and actions.
The caged bird expresses the pain of being confined and the desire for liberation. It also speaks of the despair that comes with being trapped and longing for release.
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With knowledge and education comes great power, and this can be extremely dangerous if it falls into the hands of those who are self-serving.
All areas of your life and activity can be transformed by knowledge. self-serving is a somewhat potent tool or instrument that has the capacity to either generate or eliminate all life on Earth. The ability to discern between people and animals is a result of knowledge.
We can utilize this skill to empower and support other people. Our ability to feel secure in our talents and identify our life's passions is aided by education. Additionally, it develops our capacity for problem-solving and teaches us to maintain commitment. Animal Farm's overarching topic concerns how long the average person can hold onto their faith in a revolution that has been completely abandoned.
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how does the use of verbal irony contribute to the reader's understanding of pip?answer options with 4 options1.it highlights pip's appreciation for the advantages he is given.2.it illustrates the author's depiction of pip as an ambitious young man.3.it emphasizes pip's unfortunate situation by making it sound dignified.4.it contributes to the view that pip is kind and enjoys helping his neighbors.
The reader's understanding of Pip is aided by the use of verbal irony. It emphasizes pip's terrible situation by making it sound more severe.
In plays, speeches, and literary works, verbal irony occurs when a character says something that is radically at odds with the circumstances as they actually are. Contrary to dramatic and situational irony, verbal irony is used on purpose by the speaker.
For instance:
A woman stumbles down the steps while shouting, "I'm not harmed!" and making every effort to cover up her accident. There is no verbal irony in this.
When a woman falls down the steps, she exclaims, "I'm not hurt!" even if she is indeed hurt. This is irony in speech.
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Why is the Icelandic language declining now?
Answer:
Icelandic has been around since the 13th century and still maintains its complex grammar structure. However, only approximately 340,000 people speak the language. Younger Icelanders are speaking more English because their lives are so intrinsically involved in an English-speaking social media world.
Explanation:
What is Santiago's dream?
Santiago's dream is to travel the world in search of a treasure he believes is hidden in the Egyptian pyramids. He believes that this treasure will make him profoundly happy and fulfill his life.
About Egyptian pyramids
The Egyptian pyramids were built to house the bodies of deceased pharaohs and their families. The earliest known pyramid was built during the Third Dynasty of Egypt, around 2630 BCE. These pyramids were constructed out of limestone blocks and had smooth sides that tapered towards the top. The most famous of these is the Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu. It is the only surviving member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramids served as tombs for the pharaohs and their families, as well as a place for them to be venerated in the afterlife.
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8. Which three words from paragraph 7 best contribute to a tone of
admiration for Picasso?
A beautiful
C unveiled
E best-known
B classical
Dappreciated
F most-loved
Beautiful, Classical, and Most loved words from paragraph 7 best contribute to a tone of admiration for Picasso. The correct options are A, B, and F.
What is so special about Pablo Picasso?He is regarded as one of the most important artists of the 20th century and is best known for helping to create and explore a wide range of styles, including constructed sculpture, collage, and the Cubist movement.
Alongside Georges Braque, he is most famous for developing Cubism, but he also invented collage and had a significant influence on Symbolism and Surrealism. He considered himself above all a painter, though his sculpture had a significant impact and he also experimented with printmaking and ceramics.
Thus, the ideal selection is options A, B, and F.
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Why is it called a dictionary?
The Latin terms dictio, "the act of speaking," and dictionarius, "a collection of words," are where the word "dictionary" originates.
Who created the first notable dictionary?The first comprehensive English dictionary was created by Samuel Johnson, the well-known author of A Dictionary of the English Language. Modern lexicographers hold in high regard the 1775 publication of A Dictionary of the English Language, often known as Johnson's Dictionary.
What categories do dictionaries fall under?The numerous categories of dictionaries, such as general dictionaries (monolingual and bilingual), learner's dictionaries, historical dictionaries, and encyclopedias are first described.
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Use your dictionary to answer the following question.
Read the selection from William Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation.
Find two words that are obsolete or have changed in meaning since the founding of Plymouth.
inacomodate <-----
sound
willingly
carrage <----
The two words that are obsolete or have changed in meaning since the founding of Plymouth are "inacomodate" and "carrage".
B. The word "inacomodate" was used in William Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation to refer to the inability to make oneself comfortable. This is an obsolete use of the word as today it is used to describe someone or something that is unable to accommodate or provide for the needs of another.
The word "carrage" was used in the same text to describe a form of transport for goods, which is a much more general term for what we today would call a carriage or cart.
While the use of the word today is still similar, it is much more specific than the original use of the word, i.e. a vehicle used to transport goods. The original meaning is thus obsolete and has been replaced by more specific terms.
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The witches show Macbeth an apparition of Banquo and several kings. Which of the following words best describes Macbeth's reation
Macbeth was upset and angry as the witches show Macbeth an apparition of Banquo and several kings.
How does Macbeth react to the apparition of Banquo's descendants became kings?The eighth king is shown holding a mirror as eight kings appear, all of whom are being followed by Banquo's spirit. Demanding answers, Macbeth is enraged by this indication that Banquo's heirs would inherit the throne. But Hecate sneers at him, and the witches disappear.
What do the apparitions of the eight kings and Banquo signify to Macbeth?There is no doubt that the Apparitions are symbolic. The three most obvious interpretations of the figures are that 1) Macbeth's death is a prophecy; 2) Macduff is a baby; and 3) young Malcolm is on his way to Dunsinane. Typically, Macbeth wants to accept the Witches' good fortune and reject their unpleasant prophesies.
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Is a nonrestrictive clause set apart by punctuation?
No, a nonrestrictive clause is not set apart by punctuation. It is usually set apart from the rest of the sentence with a pair of commas.
What do you mean by punctuation?
Punctuation is the use of symbols in written language to separate words, phrases, and clauses and to indicate the meaning of sentences. Punctuation is used to break up the flow of written language into sections that are easier to read and understand. Common punctuation symbols include period (.), comma (,), semicolon (;), colon (:), exclamation mark (!), question mark (?), quotation mark ("), apostrophe (‘), and hyphen (-).
A nonrestrictive clause does not need to be set apart by punctuation because the clause is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. The information found in the clause is additional or supplemental information that does not change the meaning of the sentence.
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informative speech about covid 19
COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus disease, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread to become a global pandemic.
Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe and can include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and loss of taste or smell. Some people may be asymptomatic and can spread the virus without showing any symptoms. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, but it can also spread through close contact with an infected person or by touching a surface or object contaminated with the virus and then touching your face.
What are the 5 relative clauses?
Who clause, Which clause, That clause, Whose clause, Where clause are the 5 relative clauses .
What are who clause ?
A clause is a group of related words that contain both a subject and a verb. Clauses can be used as building blocks to form complex sentences. A clause can function as a complete sentence, or it can be combined with other clauses to form a complex sentence. A who clause is a type of subordinate clause that acts as the subject of the sentence and refers to people. It typically begins with the word "who" and is followed by a verb. Examples of who clauses include: "Who ate the cookies?" and "Who is going to the store?".
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What is the literal meaning of connotation?
Something implying from a term or object. An attempt to establish an association to a term beyond its meaning is known as connotation. It can have an effect on a term that is negative, neutral, positive.
Why is connotation used?Connotation is a common literary device used to convey a thought, concept, or observation without explicitly stating it. In written communication, connotation aids in creating the tone or context. Connotations come in many forms, and they aid in steering readers toward the writers' intended emotions. Contrary to denotation, connotation is a word. The denotation of a word or sentence is its plain meaning.
What is the synonym of connotations?connection, coloring, essence, overtone, importance, undertone, hint, nuance, and suggestion.
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Why did Jim and Della give each other a gift?
In order to show how much they cared for one other, Della and Jim sold their prized items to pay for Christmas gifts for each other.
Why do Jim and Della's presents to one another have lost their purpose?In O. Henry's story "The Gift of the MAGI", Della sells her hair so Jim can buy a chain for his pocket watch, and Jim sells his pocket watch so Della can buy some fancy hair combs. At the conclusion of the narrative, Jim sells his watch to buy a chain for Della, and Della buys combs for her hair from Della after she trims and sells her hair.
Both of them desired to get a valuable item that the other should also own. A classic instance of irony can be seen as each character makes a choice of their desire to locate the ideal present, but the sacrifice makes each gift useless.
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Shelby County, Alabama v. Erich. Holder, Jr., Attorney General, Dissenting Opinion
JUSTICE GINSBURG, with JUSTICE BREYER, JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR, and JUSTICE KAGAN
On June 25 2013, the United States Supreme Court ruled that sections of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 were unconstitutional. The VRA was enacted to address racial discrimination in voting, but the Court held that the VRA contradicted the spirit of the 10th Amendment. The 10th Amendment reserves all powers—not granted to the Federal Government—for the states. The majority of justices held that VRA required states to ask the Federal Government for permission to enact laws they should have the right to enact.
Several justices, in the minority, wrote a dissent—or disagreeing position—to this opinion. An excerpt of that dissent is offered below.
Dissent
"[V]oting discrimination still exists; no one doubts that." Ante, at 2. But the Court today terminates the remedy that proved to be best suited to block that discrimination. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) has worked to combat voting discrimination where other remedies had been tried and failed. Particularly effective is the VRA's requirement of federal preclearance for all changes to voting laws in the regions of the country with the most aggravated records of rank discrimination against minority voting rights.
The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870, in the wake of the Civil War. It provides that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude," and it gives Congress the "power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."
"The first century of congressional enforcement of the Amendment, however, can only be regarded as a failure." (Id., at 197.) In the 1890s, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia began to enact literacy tests for voter registration and to employ other methods designed to prevent African-Americans from voting. (Katzenbach, 383 U. S., at 310.) Congress passed statutes outlawing some of these practices. And the States came up with new ways to discriminate as soon as existing ones were struck down. Voter registration of African-Americans barely improved. (Id., at 313–314.)
After a century's failure to fulfill the promise of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, passage of the VRA finally led to signal improvement on this front.
Although the VRA brought dramatic changes in minority voting rights, the Act surely has not eliminated discrimination against the [voting rights of] minority citizens. [States] continued to submit proposed changes to voting laws that the Attorney General declined to approve, [predicting] that barriers to minority voting would quickly resurface.
Congress approached the 2006 reauthorization of the VRA with great care and seriousness. The same cannot be said of the Court's opinion today. The Court makes no genuine attempt to engage with the massive legislative record that Congress assembled. Instead, it relies on increases in voter registration and turnout as if that were the whole story. Without even identifying a standard of review, the Court dismissively brushes off arguments based on "data from the record," and declines to enter the "debate about what the record shows." One would expect more from an opinion striking at the heart of the Nation's signal piece of civil-rights legislation.
Cornell University Law School: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/12-96#writing-12-96_DISSENT_5
Which line from the text relates to the research question "What was the overall impact of the VRA?" (5 points)
The Court today terminates the remedy that proved to be best suited to block that discrimination
Voter registration of African-Americans barely improved
The Act surely has not eliminated discrimination against the [voting rights of] minority citizens
[States] continued to submit proposed changes to voting laws that the Attorney General declined to approve
The overall impact of the VRA, as evidenced by this passage from the text is the Act undoubtedly did not end discrimination against minority individuals' voting rights. Hence option C is correct.
What does voting entail?Democracy has granted people a significant right, the right to vote. The core principle of democracy is voting. As a result, voting is a need rather than a holiday if a person wants to truly contribute to nation-building and bring about change.
Why is voting required?Democracy's essential tenet is the right to vote. Therefore, if a person actually wants to make a difference and help improve their country, they must vote rather than just taking the day off.
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compete question:
Shelby County, Alabama v. Erich. Holder, Jr., Attorney General, Dissenting Opinion
JUSTICE GINSBURG, with JUSTICE BREYER, JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR, and JUSTICE KAGAN
On June 25 2013, the United States Supreme Court ruled that sections of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 were unconstitutional. The VRA was enacted to address racial discrimination in voting, but the Court held that the VRA contradicted the spirit of the 10th Amendment. The 10th Amendment reserves all powers—not granted to the Federal Government—for the states. The majority of justices held that VRA required states to ask the Federal Government for permission to enact laws they should have the right to enact.
Several justices, in the minority, wrote a dissent—or disagreeing position—to this opinion. An excerpt of that dissent is offered below.
Dissent
"[V]oting discrimination still exists; no one doubts that." Ante, at 2. But the Court today terminates the remedy that proved to be best suited to block that discrimination. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) has worked to combat voting discrimination where other remedies had been tried and failed. Particularly effective is the VRA's requirement of federal preclearance for all changes to voting laws in the regions of the country with the most aggravated records of rank discrimination against minority voting rights.
The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870, in the wake of the Civil War. It provides that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude," and it gives Congress the "power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."
"The first century of congressional enforcement of the Amendment, however, can only be regarded as a failure." (Id., at 197.) In the 1890s, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia began to enact literacy tests for voter registration and to employ other methods designed to prevent African-Americans from voting. (Katzenbach, 383 U. S., at 310.) Congress passed statutes outlawing some of these practices. And the States came up with new ways to discriminate as soon as existing ones were struck down. Voter registration of African-Americans barely improved. (Id., at 313–314.)
After a century's failure to fulfill the promise of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, passage of the VRA finally led to signal improvement on this front.
Although the VRA brought dramatic changes in minority voting rights, the Act surely has not eliminated discrimination against the [voting rights of] minority citizens. [States] continued to submit proposed changes to voting laws that the Attorney General declined to approve, [predicting] that barriers to minority voting would quickly resurface.
Congress approached the 2006 reauthorization of the VRA with great care and seriousness. The same cannot be said of the Court's opinion today. The Court makes no genuine attempt to engage with the massive legislative record that Congress assembled. Instead, it relies on increases in voter registration and turnout as if that were the whole story. Without even identifying a standard of review, the Court dismissively brushes off arguments based on "data from the record," and declines to enter the "debate about what the record shows." One would expect more from an opinion striking at the heart of the Nation's signal piece of civil-rights legislation.
Cornell University Law School: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/12-96#writing-12-96_DISSENT_5
Which line from the text relates to the research question "What was the overall impact of the VRA?" (5 points)
a. The Court today terminates the remedy that proved to be best suited to block that discrimination.
b. Voter registration of African-Americans barely improved
c. The Act surely has not eliminated discrimination against the [voting rights of] minority citizens
d. [States] continued to submit proposed changes to voting laws that the Attorney General declined to approve