The two copies of each replicated chromosome stay firmly bonded together as identical sister chromatids after the chromosomes are duplicated in the S-phase.
Define cell division in DNA.Cohesins, multisubunit protein complexes that are deposited along the length of each sister chromatid as the DNA is duplicated, are what hold the sister chromatids together. Only in late mitosis does the cohesin between sister chromatids break, which is essential to the process of chromosomal segregation. Until the start of cytokinesis, DNA is compressed. Mitosis and cytokinesis comprise the M phase of cell division. DNA condenses into observable chromosomes during the process of mitosis, which is followed by the division of the chromosomes into two identical sets. The final stage of mitosis, known as cytokinesis, is when the two daughter cells, each of which has a nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles, separate.A cell that enters the M phase contains 4N DNA and divides into two cells with identical 2N DNA complements.To know more about cell division, visit:
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Which statements accurately describe how fructose metabolism in the liver differs from glucose metabolism?
a.The presence of fructose inhibits the entrance of glucose into glycolysis.
b.Two products of the fructose 1-phosphate pathway can enter glycolysis.
c.The fructose 1-phosphate pathway can deplete intracellular phosphate/ATP.
d.Fructose enters a separate metabolic pathway from glucose, which enters the glycolytic pathway.
Two products of the fructose 1-phosphate pathway can enter glycolysis statements and the fructose 1-phosphate pathway can deplete intracellular phosphate/ATP accurately describe how fructose metabolism in the liver differs from glucose metabolism (Options b and c).
What is the glycolysis metabolic pathway?The glycolysis metabolic pathway refers to the first step of cellular respiration which uses simple carbs in order to generate energy in the form of ATP.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the glycolysis metabolic pathway is associated with the usage of simple carbs to generate energy.
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How do molecules differ from atoms?
1 Atoms occur naturally, whereas molecules
do not.
2 Atoms are individual particles, whereas mol-
ecules are combinations of atoms.
3 There many different types of atoms, but only
a few different types of molecules.
4 Atoms are found in living things, whereas
molecules are found in nonliving things.
Answer:
2, Atoms are individual particles, whereas molecules are combination of atoms.
envelope viruses get their envelope during which step?
Enveloped viruses get their envelope during budding off step.
Enveloped viruses will cause persistent infections and should transfer from host to host. samples of swallowed viruses embody ones that cause infamous diseases in humans, like COVID-19, Influenza, serum hepatitis and C, and viral infection (Ebola Virus Disease). Not all viruses have envelopes. The envelopes are generally derived from parts of the host cell membranes, however embody some infectious agent glycoproteins.
This envelope comes from the infected cell, or host, during a method referred to as "budding off." Throughout the budding method, new shaped virus particles become "enveloped" or wrapped in an outer coat that's made of a tiny low piece of the cell's cell membrane.
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Inability to taste PTC is single recessive gene. 70% can taste PTC while 30% cannot (are non-tasters). Estimate frequencies of the Taster (T) and nontaster (t) alleles in this population as well as the frequencies of the diploid genotypes
The frequency of tasters and non-tasters are 0.4523 and 0.5477 respectively. The frequencies of diploid genotypes is as follows:
TT= 0.2045Tt= 0.4956tt= 0.2999Frequency of phenotypes can be calculated by the formula p + q = 1.
Here, let non-tasters(t) be q, then q²= 0.3 (from 30%) .
therefore = [tex]\sqrt{0.3}[/tex] = 0.5477
Let tasters(T) be p, therefore p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.5477 = 0.4523.
Now, the diploid genotypes can be calculated according to the formula:
(p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q²
TT (p²) = (0.4523)² = 0.2045Tt (2pq) = 2 (0.4523) (0.5477) = 0.4956tt (q²) = (0.5477)² = 0.2999To know more about diploid genotypes, here
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Why will the microbiota in the vagina of a woman of reproductive age differ from that of the same woman before puberty and after menopause?.
The vagina stores a large amount of glycogen during the reproductive years, which Lactobacillus acidophilus ferments to produce lactic acid and an acidic environment. Before and after menopause, glycogen is missing.
What is the role of vaginal microbiota in female body?Women's health and reproduction depend heavily on the vaginal microbiome. From pre-puberty to the post-menopausal period of a woman's life, the vaginal microbiota is dynamic and influenced by hormonal changes.
The majority of recent research has stressed the significance of vaginal bacterial and fungal residents in disease and has mainly focused on these individuals. It is yet unclear how a healthy vaginal microbiota interacts with the host and has an impact on health. The definition of health may vary because vaginal dysbiosis may not always present any symptoms.
However, high vaginal lactobacilli abundance is most closely connected with health. In terms of the dominant vaginal bacteria, there is also a lot of variance between ethnic groups.
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Question 1 options:
The process allows organisms to grow and heal.
The process produces clones of the parent organism.
The process copies DNA before cell division.
The process creates genetic variation in the resulting cells.
The process that allows organisms to grow and heal is mitosis.
The process that produces clones of the parent organism is mitosis.
The process that copies DNA before cell division is replication.
The process that creates genetic variation in the resulting cells is meiosis.
Cell divisionCell division is a process whereby cells divide to produce daughter cells. There are two types of cell division:
MitosisMeiosisIn mitosis, cells divide to produce daughter cells that are exact copies of their parents. The division is otherwise known as the equational division or the division of vegetative cells. The division of vegetative cells is essential growth and healing of wounds.
In meiosis, cells divide to produce daughter cells that are genetic variants of their parent cells. The daughter cells are unique from the parent cells both morphologically and genetically. Meiotic cell division is otherwise known as reductional division because the daughter cells have half the genetic copies of their parent cells.
Be it mitosis or meiosis, cells make copies of their DNA before irreversibly committing to divide. The copying of DNA is otherwise known as replication. Replication happens at the S phase of the cell cycle with each DNA strand acting as a template for the synthesis of its complementary copy.
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The cross between two individuals with general type SsRr is shown in the Punnett square. how many out of 16 offspring would be expected to be homozygous recessive from both traits?
The number of the resulting offspring from the cross expected to be homzygous recessive for both traits would be 1.
Dihybrid crossThe cross is between two individuals whose genotypes are SsRr.
Individual 1's genotype = SsRr
Individual 2's genotype = SsRr
Crossing the two:
SsRr x SsRr
Offspring's genotype:
S_R_ = 9
ssR_ = 3
S_rr = 3
ssrr = 1
Homozygous dominant individuals both traits would be SSRR while homzygous recessive individuals for both traits would be ssrr.
From the result of the cross, the number of individuals that is homzygous recessive for both trait is 1 out of 16 offspring.
In other words, the cross between two SsRr individuals will yield 1 homzygous recessive individual for both trait out of 16 individuals.
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Answer:
1/16
Explanation:
please answer, or otherwise, I'm gonna get zero
List four biotic elements in the pond shown below.
b) List four abiotic elements in the pond.
Answer: A.) Geese, plants, bacteria in the water, and fish
b.) water, soil, mud, and sunlight
Explanation:
Biotic elements are living organisms like animals abiotic is something that makes up the environment.
According to the direction of the arrow, place the images into the correct order to represent the activation of a T cell.
According to the image the correct order of figures as per the steps is the starting to the ending step. 2,4,3 and 1 is the order of the image that is being presented in the picture.
What does the T stand for in T cell ?T stands for thymus in T cell.
T cell activation is a key event in the adaptive immune response and vital to the generation of both cellular and humoral immunity.
Primary T cell activation is involving the integration of three distinct signals delivered in sequence:
Anti- gen recognition
Costimulation
Cytokine- mediated differentiation and expansion.
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When are the genes involved in lactose metabolism in e. Coli expressed and when are they turned off?.
Genes involved in lactose metabolism can be found in the E. coli lac operon. Only when lactose and glucose are both present does it express.
Why are the E. coli genes involved in lactose metabolism referred to as an operon?They are both under the same promoter's control. A promoter is a brief DNA region where RNA polymerase interacts to initiate transcription of the downstream genes that are under its transcriptional control. When more than one gene is controlled by the same promoter, we refer to the group of genes as an operon.
The lac operon turns on when there is lactose present.Lactose binds to the repressor protein and prevents it from binding to the operator when lactose is present in the media.
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Which component of eukaryotic cells is critical for the correct sorting and transport of proteins?.
In eukaryotic cells, the Golgi body, a component of the endomembrane system, transports and changes protein.
Proteins produced either by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are processed in the Golgi before being sent to the cell. Proteins reach this same Golgi on the part that is trans to the ER and leave on the side that is trans to the cell's plasma membrane (trans side). Proteins must pass through a series of intermediate cisternae where they are altered and packed before being transported to various parts of the cell. Three primary cisterna are typically represented diagrammatically, however this is a simplification. The trans Golgi system (TGN) and the cis Golgi system (CGN) are occasionally inserted as extra sections on each side (TGN). These systems have a more complex structure, with some vesiculated and some cisterna-like areas.
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W ith each step during a marathon, a coordinated effort is taking place between your brain and the muscles in your body.
Place the following steps in order to describe this process for muscle contraction.
Drag the text blocks below into their
correct order.
- ATP is used to allow actin to slide past myosin, resulting in a shortening of the cell as muscle contraction occurs.
- Motor neurons carry the signal for contraction from the brain to the cells that make up each muscle.
- Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
- An electrical wave is triggered in the muscle cell, which triggers the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Motor messages originate in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum and travel to the cerebellum to be refined and coordinated.
- The electrical wave causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse between the motor neuron and the muscle cell.
During muscle contraction, there are motor messages that originate from the frontal lobe of the cerebrum and travel to the cerebellum. Motor neurons carry signals from the brain from here to muscle cells.
An electrical wave is then generated releasing neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine into synapses between motor neurons and muscle cells. These neurotransmitters cross synapses and bind to receptors on muscle cells. This generates electrical waves in the muscle, releasing calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum.
After this step, calcium ions bind to troponin on actin and displace tropomyosin. At this stage, actin binds to myosin and forms crosslinks. Since myosin has an ATP binding site, ATP is hydrolyzed to release energy. This energy moves actin filaments inward to M-lines and myosin outward to Z-lines. This leads to sarcomere shortening or muscle contraction.
Hence the correct order is (starting from top 1st-6th): 2, 1, 6, 3, 4, 5.
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4. Do you think a lahar would have preserved Pompeii the
same way that a pyroclastic flow did? Why or why not?
Yes. lahar preserved Pompeii which was buried under ash. For many centuries Pompeii slept beneath a blanket of ash and pumice which perfectly preserved the remains.
What is a lahar?
Lahars are volcanic mudflows, and they do not have to come directly from volcanic activity. They occur when huge amounts of volcanic ash mixed with water flow down the side of a mountain.
These are a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and enters a river valley.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A pyroclastic flow is a hot chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front. These are extremely destructive and deadly because of their high temperature and mobility.
Lahars and pyroclastic flows are the most destructive aspects of volcanoes. Hence lahar preserved Pompeii in the same way as the pyroclastic flow because savor helps filter junk lahars which are the most dangerous result of the eruption.
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Need help on this one plss!!! This is like my 5th time submitting the same photo
Phenotypic ratio of di-hybrid cross is as follows:
Tall/Green : Tall/Yellow : Short/Green : Short/Yellow = 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
What is a dihybrid cross?A Dihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals with two observed traits controlled by two different genes. This describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identical hybrids for two traits. Hybrid organisms are heterozygous, meaning they have two different alleles at a particular genetic position or locus. Dihybridization was initially valuable as an experimental test of Mendelian laws, showing that each trait can be inherited independently according to Mendelian rules. It has since become an important tool for mapping genes to chromosomes and elucidating how genes can interact to determine phenotypes.
The phenotypic ratio of a dicross in a standard Mendelian experiment is 9:3:3:1. In this case, her two pairs of alleles are grouped separately into gametes.
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ANSWER 25+ PTS If a person is nearsighted, what type of lens will their glasses have to correct their eyesight?
A. diverging lens
B. flat lens
What’s the correct answer answer asap for brainlist and it better be right
Answer:
I believe its the answer is A.
Explanation:
It makes the most sense
Have a nice day!
why is cell speacialization important to an organism?
A) cell specialization allows cells to be seen under a microscope.
B) Cell specialization allows each type of to preform a different function for their body.
C) cell specialization allows cells to continue to grow bigger.
D) Cell specialization allows organisms to reproduce.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
because orgnism are cells working together to perform specific function
The first cell of a new organism is formed from the merging of haploid gametes during.
The first cell of a new organism is formed from the merging of haploid gametes during .Fertilization .
Haploid describes a cell that carries a single set of chromosomes. The time period haploid also can check with the variety of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which might be additionally referred to as gametes. In people, gametes are haploid cells that incorporate 23 chromosomes, every of which a considered one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
Diploid describes a cell that incorporate copies of every chromosome. nearly all of the cells within the human frame bring two homologous, or similar, copies of every chromosome. The simplest exception is cells in the germ line, which go on to provide gametes, or egg and sperm cells.
Haploid refers back to the presence of a unmarried set of chromosomes in an organism's cells. Sexually reproducing organisms are diploid (having sets of chromosomes, one from every determine). In human beings, handiest the egg and sperm cells are haploid.
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d) What happens to a microscope if place at the edge?
When the object is placed on the slide and is in focus for each objective, the space between the slide and the objective lens gets reduce, so the microscope shouldn't be set exact at the edge.
As the objective magnification increases, the working space also increases. Therefore, you need to change it to a higher power target.
Change the focus knob to increase the stage as you look at the objective lens and stage from the side. Without permitting the objective to make contact with the coverslip, increase it as high as it can go. The sample's focus or the condenser and light intensity might need to be arranged.
Thus the accurate way to focus is that adjustments need to be made effectively and smoothly
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Envelope viruses get their envelope during which step?
Answer:
Envelope viruses get their envelope fully during the "Budding" stage.
Explanation:
The host membrane begins to wrap around the virus and form the envelope in the "envelopment" stage, but the virus is only properly enveloped at the "budding" stage. The process begins in the envelopment stage and is completed in the budding stage. Here is a diagram, you can see that the budding step is the first step where the virus is completely encased in its envelope.
Photosynthesis happens in a
_______
Answer:
Photosynthesis happens in a leaf (of a plant).
How did your prediction about the complexity of the flower's structure compare with your observations? Cite evidence to support your answer.
My predictions were It's structure is complex. Parts of the flower are the two primary parts of the Rose and that is the stamen and the pistil which are the female and male componets.
How would i answer the question.
Flowers having different parts calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium contain a specific floral position.
What is the flower?The flower is made up of four whorls of modified leaves called the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
Each of these whorls contains one floral portion, which is the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. Grasp plant sexual reproduction, pollination syndromes, plant breeding, and fruit construction require a thorough understanding of floral structure.
Therefore in flowers, different floral positions consist of calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
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What do geologist do to recreate the geological history of an area?
Answer:
By studying rocks, fossils, and other geological features, scientists can still reconstruct what the ancient Earth looked like.
In the video about the construction of the insect phylogeny, the researchers faced the problem that there was not enough computational power in all of the world to construct every possible tree. What was the researchers’ solution?.
So the probable solution for this problem will be Use math to avoid constructing improbable trees
Computational phylogenetics refers to the application of computer tools, techniques, and programmes to phylogenetic study. A phylogenetic tree representing a theory about the evolutionary history of a group of genes, a species, or other taxa is being constructed. To build every conceivable tree in the globe would have required more computing power than was available. The anthropomorphic or improbable trees are those in which we truly perceive human or animal forms, as if they were entrapped within the tree form. And when we do, the once-familiar tree transforms into something astonishing, unusual, unbelievable, and revered because it is the illustration of how enigmatic forces can confine live things inside wood. Trees are likened to people. They are similar to us in that they have a body (the trunk), arms (the branches), feet (the roots), a blood supply (the sap), and thinning hair (their leaves).
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DNA coding strand TAC TAG GTT TCA CCC ATT
Answer:
AUG AUC CAA AGU GGG UAA
Amino Acids:
Methionine, Isoleucine, glutamine, Serine, Glycine, Stop codon
Explanation:
DNA converted to mRNA goes like this
Apples Under Trees
Cars in Garages
now let me explain this,
A(Adenine) goes with T(Thymine)
C(Cytosine) goes with G(Guanine)
BUT,
this is where the U in under takes place since we are transcripting, there is no T, it is replaced with U(Uracil)
Ex: CAT
Would be
GUA
C is paired with G, A is paired with U in transcription, and T is paired with A.
Ex: AGG
Would be
UCC
A is with U in transcription, G is paired with C.
Now we find the amino acids aka traits :)
I like to use a circle codon mRNA chart
Methionine, Isoleucine, glutamine, Serine, Glycine, Stop codon
(can go in depth about codons and stuff, or the codon chart if you don't know how to use either the box or circle one)
Which set of facts is true for the lymphatic system?
It works together with the respiratory and immune systems.
It returns tissue fluid back to the cardiovascular system.
It works together with the circulatory and respiratory systems.
It transports blood to the central nervous system.
It works together with the circulatory and immune systems.
It returns tissue fluid back to the cardiovascular system.
It works together with the circulatory and immune systems.
It carries blood to the excretory system.
Answer:
It works with the circulatory and respiratory systems.
Explanation:
Because they both destroy pathogens and remove waste in the body to keep it healthy.
Overall, how many studies showed a positive effect of organic farming on biodiversity?.
Total of 66 studies revealed beneficial impacts of organic farming on biodiversity.
What are the benefits of organic farming?Economical: When growing crops organically, no costly pesticides, fertilizers, or HYV seeds are needed. As a result, there is no additional cost.A farmer can make a good return on investment by using locally sourced, less expensive inputs.High demand: The demand for organic products is extremely high in India and throughout the world, which increases export revenue.Nutritional value: Organic foods have higher nutritional value, are tastier, and are better for your health than foods grown with chemicals or fertilizer's.Environmentally friendly: Organic farming uses no chemicals or fertilizers, therefore it has no negative environmental effects.To know more about organic farming, visit:
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If depression was caused specifically and only by low serotonin levels, what results would you expect to see for a group of patients with depression who have just been prescribed SSRI's?
Researchers have located no clear proof that serotonin levels or pastimes motivate melancholy, consistent with an assessment of previous research posted in Molecular Psychiatry.
Serotonin is a chemical that contains messages among nerve cells within the brain and at some stage in your frame. Serotonin plays a key function in such frame features as temper, sleep, digestion, nausea, wound recuperation, bone health, and blood clotting.
A great deal stays unknown approximately serotonin and the way it works. however, specialists have related low serotonin interest with a variety of psychiatric troubles, which include depression.
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What could be used to treat an infection caused by Eubacteria? peptidoglycans nucleoids plasmids antibiotics
Answer:
Antibiotics.
Explanation:
Eubacteria is a spherical or rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales, characterized by simple, undifferentiated cells with rigid walls. Due to this being a bacterial infections, antibiotics would suffice just fine.
What are antibiotics?Any of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chiefly in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Thanks.
Answer:
Antibiotics
Explanation:
Eubacteria is a spherical or rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales, characterized by simple, undifferentiated cells with rigid walls. Due to this being a bacterial infections, antibiotics would suffice just fine.
What Are Antibiotics?
Any of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chiefly in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Thanks.
The electron transport chain consists of a series of _____ that serve as electron carriers.
