The bond's price 10 years from now will be $1151.59. The price of the bond 10 years from now can be calculated using the formula for the price of a bond.
The formula for the price of a bond is given below:
Price of Bond= Coupon Payment x ( 1 - [tex]( 1 + YTM )^{-n}[/tex] / YTM) + Face Value / [tex]( 1 + YTM )^n[/tex]
Where, Coupon Payment = Face Value x Coupon Rate/ 100
Now, let's use this formula to calculate the price of bond 10 years from now.
Coupon Payment = $1000 x 8.5% = $85
n = Remaining years to maturity = 25 years - 10 years = 15 years
YTM = 8.50%
Price of Bond= Coupon Payment x ( 1 - [tex]( 1 + YTM )^{-n}[/tex] / YTM) + Face Value / [tex]( 1 + YTM )^n[/tex]
= $85 x ( 1 - [tex](1 + 0.085)^{-15}[/tex] / 8.5%) + $1000 / [tex](1 + 0.085)^{15}[/tex]
= $85 x 8.0097 + $1000 / 2.1243
= $680.72 + $470.87= $1151.59
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true or false: technical accounting skills represent the only skills required of accounting professionals
False. Technical accounting skills are important for accounting professionals, but they are not the only skills required.
Accounting professionals need to possess a combination of technical, analytical, and soft skills to excel in their roles.
Technical accounting skills refer to the knowledge of accounting principles, standards, and practices. These skills involve understanding financial statements, bookkeeping, tax regulations, auditing, and other technical aspects of accounting. They are essential for performing tasks such as preparing financial reports, conducting audits, and ensuring compliance with accounting standards.
However, accounting professionals also require analytical skills to interpret financial data, identify trends, analyze business performance, and make informed decisions. They need to be able to analyze complex financial information, identify patterns, and provide valuable insights to support strategic decision-making.
So, while technical accounting skills form the foundation of an accountant's expertise, a well-rounded accounting professional should also possess analytical skills, soft skills, and the ability to adapt to changing requirements.
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Canary Company invested $78,600 into a fund for 6 years. What nominal interest rate compounded quarterly did the investment earn if it matured to $104,300 at the end of the period?
%
Round to two decimal places
Canary Company's investment earned a nominal interest rate of approximately 6.86% compounded quarterly for the 6-year period, resulting in the maturity value of $104,300.
To calculate the nominal interest rate compounded quarterly, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = final amount ($104,300)
P = principal amount ($78,600)
r = nominal interest rate (unknown)
n = number of times interest is compounded per year (4 for quarterly compounding)
t = number of years (6)
Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
104300 = 78600(1 + r/4)^(4*6)
Dividing both sides by 78600, we have:
1.326 = (1 + r/4)^(24)
Taking the 24th root of both sides, we get:
(1 + r/4) = 1.326^(1/24)
Subtracting 1 from both sides, we have:
r/4 = 1.326^(1/24) - 1
Multiplying both sides by 4, we obtain:
r = 4 * (1.326^(1/24) - 1)
Evaluating this expression, we find:
r ≈ 0.0686
Therefore, the nominal interest rate compounded quarterly is approximately 6.86%.
In conclusion, Canary Company's investment earned a nominal interest rate of approximately 6.86% compounded quarterly for the 6-year period, resulting in the maturity value of $104,300.
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An electronics store buys its products from a wholesaler. For a particular brand of television, the store usually sells the television for 55% more than the cost of the television from the wholesaler. During a sale, the store sells the television for 25% more than the cost from the wholesaler. If the sale price of the television is $499, what is the usual price for the television, rounded to the nearest dollar? A. $773 B. $1,098 C. $619 D. 5907
The usual price for the television, rounded to the nearest dollar, is $619 .
Let's denote the cost of the television from the wholesaler as "x." According to the information given, the store usually sells the television for 55% more than the cost, which translates to a price of 1.55x. During a sale, the store sells the television for 25% more than the cost, which translates to a price of 1.25x.
We are given that the sale price of the television is $499, so we can set up the equation 1.25x = $499. Solving for x, we find x ≈ $399.20.
To find the usual price, we need to calculate 1.55x ≈ 1.55 * $399.20 ≈ $618.44. Rounding this to the nearest dollar, the usual price for the television is $619 (option C).
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In a present worth analysis of certain equipment, one alternative has a net present worth of +$400, based on a six-year analysis period that equals the useful life of the alternative. A 10% interest rate was used in the computations. The alternative device is to be replaced at the end of the six years by an identical item with the same cost, benefits, and useful life. Using a 10% interest rate, compute the net present of the alternative equipment for the 12-year analysis period.
The net present worth of the alternative equipment for the 12-year analysis period is $0.
The Net Present Worth (NPW) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. It is used to determine whether an investment or project is profitable or not.
To compute the net present worth of the alternative equipment for the 12-year analysis period, we can use the following steps:
Step 1: Find the present worth of the alternative device for the first six years using the given data. The NPW of the alternative equipment for six years is +$400.
This means that the present value of cash inflows is greater than the present value of cash outflows by $400.
It can be represented mathematically as: NPW6 = PWF6 × (B – C) Where, NPW6 = Net Present Worth for the first six years PWF 6 = Present Worth Factor for six years at 10% interest rate B = Benefits C = CostsNPW6 = 400, B = C, and i = 10%NPW6 = PWF6 × (B – C)400 = PWF6 × (0)PWF6 = 400/0 = undefined.
Therefore, PWF6 is undefined, and we cannot calculate the present worth for the first six years.
Step 2: Find the present worth of the alternative device for the next six years using the present worth factor for six years.
We know that the alternative device will be replaced by an identical item with the same cost, benefits, and useful life at the end of the six years.
Hence, the present worth of the alternative device for the next six years will be the present worth of the identical item. The present worth factor for six years is 0.55839 at 10% interest rate.
It can be represented mathematically as: NPW12 = PWF6 × PWF6 × (BC)Where, NPW12 = Net Present Worth for 12 yearsPWF6 = Present Worth Factor for six years at 10% interest rate B = Benefits C = CostsNPW12 = PWF6 × PWF6 × (B – C)NPW12 = 0.55839 × 0.55839 × 0NPW12 = 0.
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Selma Shalom had the following income for the year of assessment ending 28 February 2022.
Item
Salary
Amount N$
84 000
Director's Fee
60 000
Interest from FNB
11 000
Interest from ABSA (SA)
23 000
45 000
Dividends
35 000
Legacy received
15 000
Gift from a friend
40 000
18 000
Profit on sale of a house Share premium receipt
Subsidy on soil erosion
30 000
Annuity from a UK Insurance company
10 000
Lump sum from employer
50 000 22 000
Profit from business branch Kenya
Compensation for damages to office block
120 000
Owned by a property investor Sale of shares held as:
Investment
80 000
Trading Stock
65 000
Bet win on results of a soccer match
7 500
15 000
Interest from Bank Windhoek
Restraint of trade payment received
Profit from Namibian Business branch
25.00
Gross income
55 000
?
Calculate the gross income of Selma Shalom for the year of assessment ending at 28 February 2022. As part of your answer provide a reason for every item excluded from gross income.
The gross income of Selma Shalom for the year of assessment ending on 28 February 2022 is N$791,500
To calculate the gross income of Selma Shalom for the year of assessment ending on 28 February 2022, we need to include all the items that contribute to her gross income and exclude items that are not considered part of gross income. Let's go through each item one by one:
Included in Gross Income:Salary: N$84,000
Director's Fee: N$60,000
Interest from FNB: N$11,000
Interest from ABSA (SA): N$23,000
Dividends: N$35,000
Legacy received: N$15,000
Gift from a friend: N$40,000
Profit on sale of a house: N$45,000
Share premium receipt: N$18,000
Annuity from a UK Insurance company: N$10,000
Lump sum from employer: N$50,000
Profit from business branch Kenya: N$22,000
Compensation for damages to office block: N$120,000
Sale of shares held as investment: N$80,000
Trading Stock: N$65,000
Bet win on results of a soccer match: N$7,500
Interest from Bank Windhoek: N$15,000
Restraint of trade payment received: N$25.00
Profit from Namibian Business branch: N$55,000
Excluded from Gross Income:Subsidy on soil erosion: This is not considered income as it is a subsidy.
Property investor: It is not clear what this refers to, but if it represents ownership of a property, it would not be considered income unless there is rental income or capital gains from the property.
45,000: There is no information provided for this item, so it cannot be determined whether it should be included in gross income or not.
15,000: There is no information provided for this item, so it cannot be determined whether it should be included in gross income or not.
N$25.00: This amount is negligible and may be considered immaterial for tax purposes, so it may not be included in gross income.
Therefore, the gross income of Selma Shalom for the year of assessment ending on 28 February 2022 is:
N$84,000 + N$60,000 + N$11,000 + N$23,000 + N$35,000 + N$15,000 + N$40,000 + N$45,000 + N$18,000 + N$10,000 + N$50,000 + N$22,000 + N$120,000 + N$80,000 + N$65,000 + N$7,500 + N$15,000 + N$55,000 = N$791,500
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Assume that an investor holds 100 shares of stock and writes a call (covered call) on the stock for a premium of $4. In other words, this investor writes a covered call. The call has an exercise price of $50. What is the total value of this covered call position at the maturity of the option if the stock price is $35?
A covered call strategy occurs when an investor owns the underlying asset or stock and sells a call option on that stock. A covered call writer, also known as the seller of the call option, receives a premium upfront and has the potential to earn a profit if the price of the underlying stock remains stable or decreases.
Assuming that an investor holds 100 shares of stock and writes a covered call on the stock for a premium of $4, the investor writes a call. The call has an exercise price of $50. The value of this covered call position at the maturity of the option if the stock price is $35 is as follows: The total value of this covered call position at the maturity of the option would be $3,500, and the option will not be exercised. The investor received $400 in premium and sold the option with a strike price of $50. Since the stock is currently trading at $35, the option is out of the money. As a result, the investor is not required to sell their shares at $50.
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Review the following scenario and answer accompanying questions. Marianna's Boat Motor Manufacturing is located in Woodstock, Ontario. It is a non-unionized workplace that manufactures and distributes motors for personal watercraft to retail locations and marinas across Canada. Marianna's employs approximately 200 non-unionized employees. You have been the following facts. Employee #1: Jim has worked for Marina's Boat Manufacturing for five years. His performance appraisals, conducted yearly, were consistently "good" to "excellent". Nearly a year has passed since his last performance review. His manager contacted you to seek assistance with some concerns regarding Jim's performance. Jim's supervisor indicated that there were increasing performance issues. Jim is often on his phone, during busy shifts, at work. Although the employer recognizes some phone use may be necessary the manager believes that the phone use is interfering with production goals. He has not met the individual productivity goals in the last six calculation periods (calculated weekly). The supervisor also told you that Jim's colleagues came forward complaining that Jim smells of cannabis smoke occasionally after lunch. Employee #2 and #3: Mandy and Darci both work in the assembly plant. Recently, an internal investigation, that followed best practice for investigations, found Mandy and Darci had engaged in misconduct. The investigator found that the pair had stolen materials from the workplace. The materials included lumber, that were on site to create crates to transport the engines. There was also missing metal from the scrap pile. The manager has asked for guidance as to whether termination is possible. Employee #4: Mohammad has worked for the organization for 4 months. His manager approached you regarding performance issues. Mohammad consistently fails to use the proper procedures for packaging the engines. The manager is frustrated and would like to terminate Mohammad for cause. Assignment Question: What advice would you provide, as an HR consultant, for each employee? The response requires that students reference to course materials from multiple modules including legislation and case law.
As an HR consultant, based on the given scenario, here is the advice I would provide for each employee:
1) Employee #1 (Jim):
- Schedule a performance review meeting with Jim as soon as possible to address the performance concerns raised by his supervisor.
- During the performance review meeting, provide specific examples of Jim's declining performance, such as failing to meet productivity goals and being frequently on his phone during busy shifts.
- Clearly communicate the expectations regarding phone use during work hours, emphasizing that excessive personal phone use is interfering with production goals.
- Address the complaint about Jim smelling of cannabis smoke by reminding him of the company's drug and alcohol policy, and explain the potential consequences of violating the policy.
2) Employee #2 and #3 (Mandy and Darci):
- Based on the findings of the internal investigation, confirm that Mandy and Darci engaged in misconduct by stealing materials from the workplace.
- Review the organization's policies and procedures related to theft and material misuse to ensure that termination is a permissible action for such offenses.
- Consult with legal counsel to ensure that all necessary steps have been followed and that termination is legally justified.
- Prepare the necessary documentation, including a termination letter, clearly stating the reasons for termination and referencing the investigation findings.
3) Employee #4 (Mohammad):
- Schedule a meeting with Mohammad to address the performance issues raised by his manager regarding failure to use proper procedures for packaging the engines.
- Provide specific examples of Mohammad's performance deficiencies and the impact they have on the organization's operations.
Review the proper procedures for packaging engines with Mohammad and offer additional training or resources to help him improve his performance.
- Clearly communicate the expectations moving forward and the consequences of continued failure to follow proper procedures.
- If Mohammad's performance does not improve despite training and support, consider initiating a performance improvement plan (PIP) to outline specific goals, expectations, and timelines for improvement.
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Please write a short letter to Miguel. He has 3 questions below on what is included in his taxable income, please use primary sources.
This year 2021, Miguel has received the following income sources, how will these be taxed?
1. Miguel is the beneficiary of his Uncle Joe's life insurance policy, he has elected monthly payments. Micah receives $12,000 per month and interest of $3,000 per year during 2021.
2. Miguel is a part-owner in a Capitol Hill Restaurant and received money from the profits this year so far, qualified dividend of $4,570 and $6,700 ordinary dividend.
3. Miguel purchased a new home in Rent, WA and borrowed money of $700,000 from his Uncle Joe's Estate.
His interest rate is 1.5% per year and at the time of the loan the Federal Market interest rate was 4.35%
Dear Miguel,
I am writing to respond to your queries about taxable income sources that you have received this year 2021. For your information, taxable income is all the earnings received by an individual from all sources that are subject to tax by the government.
These sources of income include wages, salaries, interest, dividends, and so on. Please read below for a response to each of your questions.
1. You mentioned that you are the beneficiary of your Uncle Joe's life insurance policy, which you have elected to receive as monthly payments of 12,000 and an annual interest of 3,000. The taxable portion of the life insurance proceeds is the interest component of the payment you receive. The death benefits received are generally tax-free; however, the interest component is taxable income.
The interest component is taxed as ordinary income and will be reported on your Form 1040.
2. You mentioned that you are a part-owner in a Capitol Hill Restaurant and have received money from the profits so far this year, qualified dividend of 4,570 and 6,700 ordinary dividend. Qualified dividends are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary dividends. For 2021, the maximum tax rate on qualified dividends is 20%, while the maximum tax rate on ordinary dividends is 37%.
The income you received from the profits of the restaurant will be taxed as ordinary income.
3. You mentioned that you have purchased a new home in Rent, WA, and borrowed money of 700,000 from your Uncle Joe's Estate. The interest rate on the loan is 1.5% per year. At the time of the loan, the Federal Market interest rate was 4.35%. The interest you paid on the loan will be deductible from your taxable income. However, the deduction you can claim will be limited to the amount of interest you paid on the loan.
Also, if your loan balance is greater than 750,000, the interest deduction may be limited.
You can find more information on taxable income from primary sources such as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) website or by contacting a certified tax professional. Please let me know if you have any further questions.
Best Regards,
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If the current rate of interest is 8%, then the future value 15
years from now of an investment that pays $1000 per year and lasts
15 years is closest to:
Select one:
A. $9818.
B. $93,219.
C. $45,762.
We may use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity to determine the future value of an investment that pays $1000 annually for 15 years at an interest rate of 8%.
Future Value is calculated as Payment x [(1 + interest rate)n - 1]. Inflation rate Where: An annual payment of $1,000 Interest rate equals 8%, or 0.08 in decimal form. n (the number of years) = 15. When we enter the values, we obtain: Future Value is equal to $1000 x [(1 + 0.08)15 - 1] / 0.08 Future Value is equal to $1000 x (1.0815 - 1) / 0.08 Future Value is equal to $1000 x (2.7135 - 1) / 0.08 Future Value is equal to $1000 x 21.41875 Value in the Future $21,418.75 The closest match is hence A: $9818 is not the right answer, B: $93,219 is not the right answer, and C. The amount of $45,762 is incorrect. $21,418.75 is the closest amount.
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Analyze the attractiveness of the industry in which Lyft
operates using Porter's five forces model. Pay close attention to
how appealing the Vietnamese business is.
Lyft operates in the ride-sharing industry, which is highly competitive. According to Porter's Five Forces Model, the ride-sharing industry's attractiveness can be analyzed as follows: Bargaining power of suppliers: In the ride-sharing industry, the suppliers are the drivers, and their bargaining power is low.
Since the cost of switching ride-sharing platforms is low, drivers can quickly switch to a different ride-sharing app that offers better incentives. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of riders is moderate.
Riders have the option of selecting between different ride-sharing platforms, and the switching cost is low.
However, riders have less bargaining power than drivers. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants into the ride-sharing market is high. Companies like Uber and Grab have already entered the market, and it is easy for other companies to enter and compete with them.
Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes is low, as ride-sharing platforms are the primary mode of transportation for many people. Public transportation, taxis, and personal vehicles are substitutes, but they are not as convenient and cost-effective.
Competitive rivalry: The ride-sharing industry is highly competitive, and the competitive rivalry is intense. Lyft faces strong competition from Uber and Grab, which have larger market shares and are more established in the industry.
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inaya corporation has net cash flow from financing activities for the last year of $45 million. the company paid $200 million in dividends last year. during the year, the change in notes payable on the balance sheet was $50 million and change in common and preferred stock was $0. the end-of-year balance for long-term debt was $375 million. calculate the beginning-of-year balance for long-term debt. (enter your answer in millions of dollars.)
To calculate the beginning-of-year balance for long-term debt, we need to analyze the net cash flow from financing activities and the change in notes payable.
Start with the end-of-year balance for long-term debt, which is given as $375 million.Next, consider the change in notes payable on the balance sheet, which is $50 million. A positive change indicates an increase in notes payable, while a negative change indicates a decrease. In this case, the change is positive, so it means that the company acquired an additional $50 million in notes payable during the year.
To find the net change in long-term debt, we need to subtract the change in notes payable from the end-of-year balance:Net Change in Long-Term Debt = End-of-Year Balance - Change in Notes PayableThe net change in long-term debt represents the total increase or decrease in long-term debt during the year. In this case, we know that the net cash flow from financing activities was $45 million, which indicates an increase in financing activities.
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. What is international business? How does it differ from domestic business?
2. Why is it important for you to study international business?
3. What are the basic forms of international business activity?
4. What is portfolio investment?
International business is the trade of goods and services among individuals and businesses across national borders. Domestic business, on the other hand, involves the trade of goods and services within a country's borders.
One of the most significant differences between domestic and international business is the complexity and level of risk involved in the latter. International business transactions require additional considerations such as foreign laws, languages, cultural differences, and currency exchanges.
Studying international business is essential because it provides a comprehensive understanding of how businesses operate globally. A strong understanding of international business practices is becoming more important as the world's economies become more interconnected, and businesses expand into foreign markets.
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International business involves trade beyond national borders, compared to domestic business which operates within the country. Studying it prepares students for the global business environment. International business activities include exporting, importing, licensing, among others. Portfolio investment refers to passive investment in securities like stocks and bonds.
Explanation:International business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology, capital and/or knowledge across national borders and at a global or transnational level. It involves dealing with transactions between two or more countries. In contrast, domestic business is confined to the business activities that occur within a country's borders.
Studying international business is important as it provides a broader perspective about different business environments, cultures, market trends, and helps us understand globalization effects on the economy. It can also open more opportunities for working in transnational corporations or business ventures in the future.
The basic forms of international business activity include: exporting and importing, licensing, franchising, contract manufacturing, outsourcing, turnkey projects and foreign direct investment (FDI).
Portfolio investment is a component of international business. It refers to the investment in a country by individuals or companies through the purchase of securities or assets such as stocks and bonds, with the expectation of earning a return on investment, but without planning to take an active role in the managing of these assets.
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a statistic related to the sample size of a survey that suggests the numerical degree to which the survey may or may not reflect the actual opinions of the broader public is the
The statistic that relates to the sample size of a survey that suggests the numerical degree to which the survey may or may not reflect the actual opinions of the broader public is the margin of error.
The sample size is a measure of the total number of people who participate in a survey.
A sample size of 1,000 or more is generally sufficient to achieve a margin of error of plus or minus three percentage points,
which is often the desired level of accuracy for public opinion polls.
The margin of error (MOE) is the difference between the sample mean (or proportion) and the population mean (or proportion) in statistical inference.
The MOE gives us an idea of how much confidence we have in our results,
and it helps us to determine the validity of our conclusions.
A high margin of error indicates that the survey is less reliable and that the results are more likely to be inaccurate.
A margin of error of plus or minus 3% is a common standard for political polls.
For example,
if a political poll shows that 50% of the electorate supports a particular candidate,
the margin of error is plus or minus 3%,
which means that the true level of support for the candidate is likely to be between 47% and 53%.
the margin of error is a crucial statistic that provides us with an idea of how well the sample represents the population and how confident we can be in our results.
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The concept of being risk averse means
A. for a given situation investors would prefer relative certainty to uncertainty.
B. investors would prefer investments with low standard deviations and greater opportunity for gain.
C. that the lower the risk the lower the expected return must be.
D. all of the above answers are correct
I guess D is correct. Hope someone can confirm please. Thanks
The concept of being risk averse means for a given situation investors would prefer relative certainty to uncertainty.
The term "risk-averse" refers to a decision-making process that favors lower-risk alternatives over higher-risk ones. When faced with two choices, a risk-averse investor will prefer the option with a lower level of risk. A risk-averse investor may be more likely to invest in low-risk, low-return investments than high-risk, high-return investments. For a given situation, investors would prefer relative certainty to uncertainty.
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28. Purchasing Enormous State University's Business School is buying computers. The school has two models from which to choose, the Pomegranate and the iZac. Each Pomegranate comes with 400 GB of memory and 80 TB of disk space; each iZac has 300 GB of memory and 100 TB of disk space. For reasons related to its accreditation the school would like to be able to say that it has a total of at least 48,000 GB of memory and at least 12,800 TB of disk space. If the Pomegranate and the iZac cost $2,000 each, how many of each should the school buy to keep the cost as low as possible? [Hint: See Example 4.]
Given Information: Two models are available for purchase. Model Pomegranate has 400 GB memory and 80 TB disk space. Model iZac has 300 GB memory and 100 TB disk space.
The school wants to have at least 48,000 GB memory and 12,800 TB disk space. The cost of each model is $2000 each. The question is how many of each should the school buy to keep the cost as low as possible?Let the school purchase x Pomegranate and y iZac computers to meet its requirements.
Then, we can write:x : Pomegranatesy : iZacThe number of Pomegranates required for 48,000 GB of memory is :400 GB memory in one Pomegranate.∴
Number of Pomegranates required = (48,000 GB of memory) / (400 GB of memory per Pomegranate) = 120
Similarly, the number of iZac required for 48,000 GB of memory is:300 GB memory in one iZac.∴ Number of iZac required = (48,000 GB of memory) / (300 GB of memory per iZac) = 160
Therefore, the school needs to buy 120 Pomegranates and 160 iZac to meet its memory requirements.
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You are consultant studying the capital restructuring of Lambton Bros. The firm's current WACC is 12.5% and marginal corporate tax rate is 34.0%. The firm's market value is currently distributed 75.0% equity and 25.0% debt. The debt mainly consists of an outstanding bond that trades at a yield to maturity of 9.2% and is expected to remain constant. The risk-free rate is 3% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 9.5%. Lambton Bros is strategically positioning itself for an acquisition of a rival firm and has the capacity to increase its debt 70.0% if needed. Answer the following questions (all parts are equally valued): 1. What is the current equity cost of capital? % (Give answer as \% to 4 decimal places) 2. What is the beta risk of Lambton Bros? (Give answer to 4 decimal places) 3. What is the unlevered beta risk of Lambton Bros? (Give answer to 4 decimal places) 4. If the firm increases its debt to 70.0%, what is the new beta risk of the firm? (Give answer to 4 decimal places) 5. What would be the new equity cost of capital? \% (Give answer as percentage to 4 decimal places) 6. What would be the new WACC of the firm? \% (Give answer as percentage to 4 decimal places)
1. Current equity cost of capital= 12.5%2. Beta risk of Lambton Bros= 0.66943. Unlevered beta risk of Lambton Bros= 0.50854. New beta risk of the firm= 0.9644.
New equity cost of capital= 16.05915. New WACC of the firm= 11.50261.1. Calculation of current equity cost of capital:Given,[tex]WACC = 12.5%Market value of equity = 75%Market value of debt = 25%Tax rate = 34%Cost of equity = WACC - [(Market value of debt / Market value of equity + Market value of debt) * (WACC - Cost of debt) * (1 - Tax rate)]Cost of debt = 9.2%Current equity cost of capital = 12.5% - [(0.25 / 0.75 + 0.25) * (12.5% - 9.2%) * (1 - 0.34)][/tex]Therefore,
Current equity cost of capital= 15.2125 %2. Calculation of beta risk of Lambton Bros:Given, Risk-free rate = 3%Expected return on market portfolio = 9.5%Market value of equity = 75%Market value of debt = 25%Beta = [(0.75 * Beta equity) + (0.25 * 0)]
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Please provide detail explanation for the below:-
1. Stimulus
2. Organism
3. Response
Please provide examples for related to airline industry.
in the context of the airline industry, stimuli can include factors like fuel prices, customer demand, competition, regulations, or technological advancements.
1. Stimulus: A stimulus refers to an external event or condition that triggers a response or reaction. It can be any sensory input, change in the environment, or action that elicits a response from an organism or system.
Example in the airline industry: In the airline industry, a stimulus could be an increase in fuel prices. When fuel prices rise, it becomes a significant cost factor for airlines, affecting their profitability and operational decisions. The increase in fuel prices serves as a stimulus that prompts airlines to respond by implementing fuel surcharges, optimizing flight routes, adopting fuel-efficient technologies, or adjusting ticket prices to offset the increased costs.
2. Organism: An organism refers to a living entity capable of carrying out basic life processes and responding to stimuli. It can be an individual, a group of individuals, or an organizational entity that possesses the characteristics of life, such as growth, reproduction, and response to the environment.
Example in the airline industry: In the airline industry, an organism could be an airline company itself. The airline company, as an organism, responds to various stimuli in its environment, such as changes in customer demand, market competition, government regulations, economic conditions, or technological advancements. The airline company adapts its strategies, operations, and services in response to these stimuli to ensure its survival and success in the industry.
3. Response: A response refers to the reaction or behavior exhibited by an organism or system in response to a stimulus. It is the outcome or action taken as a result of the stimulus.
Example in the airline industry: A response in the airline industry could be the introduction of new flight routes to cater to emerging market demands. If an airline identifies a growing market or an increase in passenger traffic from a specific region, it may respond by launching new flights to that destination. This response aims to capitalize on the market opportunity, attract more customers, and generate additional revenue for the airline.
Overall, in the context of the airline industry, stimuli can include factors like fuel prices, customer demand, competition, regulations, or technological advancements. Airlines, as organisms, respond to these stimuli by implementing various strategies, adjusting operations, introducing new services, or making other changes to adapt to the dynamic industry environment and achieve their business objectives.
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Outline the steps a Hellofresh will use to achieve their shared
objective. An implementation plan covers all aspects of a project
including budget, timeline, and personnel.
HelloFresh's implementation plan includes defining objectives, allocating resources, developing timelines, assigning tasks, and monitoring performance to achieve their shared objective.
An implementation plan for HelloFresh to achieve their shared objective typically includes the following steps:
1. Objective Definition: Clearly define the shared objective, such as increasing customer satisfaction or expanding market reach.
2. Project Scope: Determine the scope of the project, including specific deliverables, target audience, and geographic coverage.
3. Resource Allocation: Allocate the necessary resources, including budget, personnel, technology, and equipment, to support the project.
4. Timeline Development: Create a detailed timeline that outlines the project's key milestones, tasks, and deadlines.
5. Task Assignment: Assign responsibilities and tasks to team members based on their skills, expertise, and availability.
6. Budget Planning: Develop a comprehensive budget that covers all project-related expenses, such as marketing, logistics, technology, and personnel costs.
7. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate or minimize their impact on the project's success.
8. Communication Plan: Establish a communication plan to ensure effective coordination and collaboration among team members, stakeholders, and relevant departments.
9. Implementation and Execution: Execute the project according to the defined timeline, monitoring progress, and making adjustments as needed.
10. Performance Evaluation: Regularly assess project performance against predefined metrics and objectives to measure success and identify areas for improvement.
11. Documentation and Reporting: Document project activities, outcomes, and lessons learned for future reference and reporting purposes.
12. Continuous Improvement: Continuously review and evaluate the implementation plan, seeking opportunities for optimization and refinement.
By following these steps, HelloFresh can effectively plan and execute their projects, ensuring that all aspects, including budget, timeline, and personnel, are aligned with the shared objective.
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A lawsuit brought by shareholders against the directors of a corporation under the common law is called a derivative action because: A. the right to sue is derived fram or based on the harm to the corporation B. the right to sue is granted exclusively by statute; C. there is no such thing as a derivative action Membership in a union: A. guarantees employment in a given field 8. takes away a worker's common law contractual remedies against an employer C. guarantees a worker to be paid a statutory minimum wage Constructive dismissal occurs when: A. an employee quits his or her employment prior to the expiry of the statutory notice period B. an employer terminates the employment of an employoe without giving proper notice C. an employee's job description is altered by an employer to such a degree that it is considered a ditterent job considered a different job An employee's obligation to mitigate his or her damages in an action for wrongful dismissal obliges him or her to: a) : b) c) A. take all reasonable steps to obtain new employment B. attempt to resolve the differences between the employee and employer in a reasonable manner; - C. take extroordinary steps to obtain new employment In a lawsuit for wrongful dismissal, the usual remedy sought is compensatory damages in the amount of salary owed: A. for a notice period held by the court to be reasonable in the circumstances B. for the applicable minimum statutory notice poriod C. for the applicable minimum statutory notice period in addition to punitive damagos
A derivative action is a lawsuit brought by shareholders against the directors of a corporation under the common law. The reason for its naming is that the right to sue is derived from or based on the harm to the corporation.
Membership in a union does not derivative employment in a given field but it guarantees a worker to be paid a statutory minimum wage and does not take away a worker's common law contractual remedies against an employer. A constructive dismissal occurs when an employee's job description is altered by an employer to such a degree that it is considered a different job.
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Crisp Cookware's common stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3 a share at the end of this year (D 1
=$3.00); its beta is 0.9. The risk-free rate is 4.7% and the market risk premium is 5%. The dividend is expected to grow at some constant rate, 9L and the stock currently seils for $80 a share. Assuming the market is in equilibrium, what does the market believe will be the stock's price at the end of 3 years (i.e. what is P
^
3
) ? Do not round intermediate caiculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
The market believes that the stock's price at the end of 3 years will be $488 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Given data:
Dividend at the end of this year D1 = $3.00
Beta = 0.9
Risk-free rate = 4.7%
Market risk premium = 5%
Constant rate = g
= 9%
Stock's current price = $80 a share
The cost of equity is given by
CAPM = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)
CAPM = 4.7% + 0.9(5%)
CAPM = 9.2%
The dividend in the next year is expected to grow at a constant rate, g = 9%
Therefore, Dividend in Year 2, D2 = D1 × (1 + g)
D2 = $3.00 × (1 + 9%)
D2 = $3.27T
he dividend in Year 3, D3 = D2 × (1 + g)
D3 = $3.27 × (1 + 9%)
D3 = $3.56
The price of the stock at the end of the year can be calculated using the constant growth model as shown below:
P3 = D4 / (Re - g)
where,
Re = cost of equity capital
g = constant growth rate
Dividend in Year 4, D4 = D3 × (1 + g)
D4 = $3.56 × (1 + 9%)
D4 = $3.88
P3 = D4 / (Re - g)
P3 = $3.88 / (9.2% - 9%)
P3 = $488
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The risk-free interest rate is 3.9% per year, the liquidity premium is 0.2% per year, the maturity premium is 0.6% per year, the inflation premium is 1.6% per year, and the default premium is 2.9% per year. What is the annual real risk-free rate? Use the cross-product method, or Fisher effect.
1) 1.95%
2) 1.75%
3) 1.51%
4) 2.10%
5) 2.26%
The Fisher effect or cross-product method provides a simple approach to calculate the nominal interest rate, which can be converted to real interest rate by subtracting the inflation rate.
Nominal interest rate
= Real interest rate + Inflation rate. Therefore, Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate.
The given terms are:The risk-free interest rate is 3.9% per yearThe liquidity premium is 0.2% per year
The maturity premium is 0.6% per yearThe inflation premium is 1.6% per yearThe default premium is 2.9% per year.
Annual real risk-free rate can be calculated as follows:
Nominal interest rate = risk-free interest rate + liquidity premium + maturity premium + default
premiumNominal interest rate
= 3.9% + 0.2% + 0.6% + 2.9%
Nominal interest rate
= 7.6%
The annual real risk-free rate can be calculated using the Fisher effect or cross-product method as follows.
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rateReal interest rate = 7.6% - 1.6%
Real interest rate
= 6%
The annual real risk-free rate is 6%.Hence, the correct option is 1) 1.95%.
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James and Martha also run a small convenience store with their gas station. They sell fresh produce, which it obtains from local farmers. During the cherry season, demand for fresh cherries can be reasonably approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of 128 pounds per day and a standard deviation of 16.57 pounds per day. During the day, cherries can only be delivered once a day in the morning. Any excess cherry at the end of the day is salvaged and it turns out that an average cost of 45 cents per pound is incurred for any excess cherry. Using the single period inventory control model, the grocer finds out that the optimal order quantity is 148 pounds per day. a) What is the implied shortage cost per pound? b) Your answer from part (a) has been presented to Martha. She responds saying that the amount is too high and the actual unit shortage cost is far less. Does this suggest an increase or a decrease in the amount of cherries that should be ordered every day? Explain briefly (max 2 sentences please). c) Independent of part (a) and (b), if we assume that the marginal cost of being short is $2.15 /pound, what should be the optimal order quantity?
a) Implied Shortage Cost per pound = Cost per Pound of shortness/Order Quantity= 0.85 cents.
The shortage cost can be calculated by comparing the difference between the average cost of 45 cents and the price of each cherry to the optimal order quantity, which is 148 pounds. The result of this calculation is the implied shortage cost per pound, which is 0.85 cents.
b) As the actual unit shortage cost is lower than the implied shortage cost, this suggests that the amount of cherries ordered should be increased because the cost of not having enough cherries is lower than previously believed. When the actual unit shortage cost is lower than the implied shortage cost, it means that the cost of not having enough cherries is lower than previously believed. Therefore, the grocer should order more cherries to meet the increased demand.
c) The optimal order quantity = √[(2 × D × C0) ÷ Cm]= approximately 196 pounds. Cm represents the marginal cost of being short, which is $2.15/pound. C0 is the cost of excess or shortage, which is 45 cents/pound. D is the demand for cherries, which is 128 pounds/day. Using the formula, the optimal order quantity is about 196 pounds.
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The AJL Fund has a front-end load of 5%, a back-end load of 3% and an expense ratio of 1%. NAV of the fund at the beginning of the year (t=0) is $20.
During the year, the fund paid out dividend distributions of $0.60 to investors. Assume the stocks in the AJL Fund went up by 10% during the year.
What is the NAV at year end (at t=1)?
1. $21.33
2. $21.78
3. $22.00
4. $22.38
5. None of the above
A front-end load is a fee paid to purchase a mutual fund. It is a percentage of the investment and is deducted from the invested amount. A back-end load is a fee paid to exit a mutual fund before a specified time limit. In this case, the AJL Fund has a front-end load of 5%, a back-end load of 3%, and an expense ratio of 1%.
NAV of the fund at the beginning of the year (t=0) is $20.The calculation of the NAV at year-end (at t=1) is shown below: Starting NAV (at t=0) = $20Front-end load =[tex]5% of $20 = 5% × $20 = $1.00[/tex] Invested amount =[tex]$20 - $1.00 = $19.00[/tex] Dividend distribution to investors = $0.60Invested amount after dividend distribution = $19.00 - $0.60 = $18.40The fund's stock went up by 10%.
Therefore, the increase in the fund's NAV is calculated as follows:Increase in NAV [tex]= 10% of $18.40 = 10% × $18.40 = $1.84[/tex]Back-end load = 3% of the invested amount = 3% × $18.40 = $0.55Expense ratio = 1% of the invested amount = 1% × $18.40 = $0.18Total deductions = [tex]$1.00 + $0.55 + $0.18 = $1.73NAV[/tex] at year-end (at t=1) = Starting NAV - Front-end load - Back-end load - Expense ratio + Increase in [tex]NAV= $20.00 - $1.00 - $0.55 - $0.18 + $1.84= $20.11[/tex]Therefore, the NAV at year-end (at t=1) is $20.11. Option 5 (None of the above) is the correct answer.
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Explain Societal benefits of Apple as a first mover company.
Societal benefits of Apple as a first mover company include technological innovation, job creation, economic growth, improved consumer experiences, and the stimulation of competition leading to further advancements.
As a first mover, Apple's technological innovations have revolutionized industries, improving productivity and enhancing communication and entertainment for individuals worldwide. The company's success has also created numerous job opportunities, contributing to economic growth. Apple's products and services have set high standards, inspiring competition and driving further advancements, benefitting society through improved technology and consumer experiences.
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How is a tariff defined? as a subsidy on exports as a legal limit on exports as a tax on imports as a subsidy on imports
Tariff is defined as a tax imposed on goods and services that are imported into a country. It is one of the trade barriers used by governments to protect their local industries from foreign competition. The main answer in 3 lines: A tariff is a tax on imported goods and services. It is used to protect local industries from foreign competition. Tariffs are a form of trade barrier that can limit imports.
Tariffs are taxes on imported goods and services that are collected by a country's government. The amount of the tariff is usually a percentage of the value of the imported product and is set by the government. Tariffs are used to make imported products more expensive than local products, which can help protect local industries from foreign competition.
Tariffs can also be used as a source of revenue for the government. Importers pay the tariff when they bring goods into the country, and this revenue is used to fund government programs. However, tariffs can also increase the cost of imported goods for consumers, which can hurt low-income families who rely on these products.
Additionally, tariffs can spark trade wars with other countries, which can be harmful to the global economy.In conclusion, a tariff is a tax on imported goods and services that is used to protect local industries from foreign competition and can also be a source of revenue for the government.
Tariffs are a form of trade barrier that can limit imports and increase the cost of imported goods for consumers.
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A company sold 152 bikes at $225 each. The bikes carry a 3-year warranty for defects. The company estimates that repair costs will average 5% of the total selling price. The estimated warranty liability at the beginning of the year was $1,400 and $1,900 in claims were actually incurred during the year to honor the warranty. What was the ending balance in the estimated warranty liability account?.
Using T-accounts, the ending balance in the estimated warranty liability account is $1,210.
What are T-accounts?T-accounts are accounting techniques for the preparation of adjusting entries.
Adjusting entries are the period-end journal entries to comply with the accrual concept and matching principles of generally accepted accounting principles.
T-account:
Warranty Liability AccountDate Account Titles Debit Credit
1/1 Beginning balance $1,400
12/31 Cash $1,900
12/31 Warranty Expense $1,710
12/31 Ending balance $1,210
Sales revenue for the year = $34,200 (152 x $225)
Warranty liability rate = 5% of selling price or $11.25 per bike
Warranty expense = $1,710 ($34,200 x 5%) or ($11.25 x 152)
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Peter has $30,000 in savings that he wishes to invest in the SHW Growth Fund. The fund has a 0% front-end load and a 4% back-end load. With the entire $30,000, he is able to buy 1,000 shares of the fund. What is the current NAV of the fund?
O $25.00
O $28.80
O $30.00
O $31.20
O None of the above
A back-end load is a sales charge that mutual fund investors pay when they sell mutual fund shares after holding them for a certain period.
The value of NAV of the fund is $30.00.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is a type of redemption fee that helps to cover the cost of marketing and advertising by the fund company.
The value of NAV is determined by dividing the total value of the securities in the portfolio by the total number of shares outstanding.
It is also the price per share that investors are willing to pay for the shares of the fund.
The formula to calculate the current NAV is as follows:
NAV = (Total Value of Securities – Liabilities) / Number of Shares Outstanding
Given that Peter has $30,000 to invest in the SHW Growth Fund and he is able to buy 1,000 shares of the fund.
The back-end load of the fund is 4%, and the front-end load is 0%.
This implies that the total amount Peter has invested is $30,000 since there is no front-end load applied.
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An ambitious investor decides to take a chance on a creative start-up opportunity. The owner of the start-up has made the following promise in exchange for your capital today. The start-up will not make any payments to you for 15 years. At the end of the 15 th year, you will be paid $10,000. This will be the first of 20 yearly payments. The start-up promises that each payment will be 3% larger than the previous year: If you require a 11% return on your capital, how much can you invest in the start-up today?
The amount that an investor can invest in a start-up today if they require an 11% return on their capital is $72,883.95.
The first thing that the investor must do is determine the present value of the annuity payment. This is the value of the series of payments, discounted at the investor's desired rate of return, at the beginning of the 15th year.
The following formula can be used to calculate the present value of an annuity:
PV = Payment amount x [1 - 1 / (1 + r)n] / r
Where r = the interest rate and n = the number of periods.
The following formula can be used to calculate the future value of an annuity:
FV = Payment amount x [(1 + r)n - 1] / r
Using the above formulas, we can calculate the present value of the annuity:
PV = $10,000 x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.11)20] / 0.11= $72,883.95
Therefore, the amount that an investor can invest in the start-up today if they require an 11% return on their capital is $72,883.95.
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A trader is considering purchasing several Arrow-Debreu securities which all have the same maturity time, but provide a payoff of $1 at all possible states of the maturity time. The trader thinks that this is a very clever investment plan, and is possibly an arbitrage opportunity because it ensures there is always a payoff of $1. Here we investigate the trader's investment plan using a two-step binomial pricing model. Assume that the return on an investment over one time-step is constant R and the risk-neutral probability of the upstate is π. (a) In a two-step binomial pricing model, how may different ArrowDebreu securities must the trader purchase in order to always receives $1 at maturity. Explain your answer. (b) In a two-step model, derive a formula for the total premium of all the Arrow-Debreu securities (that is, derive formulas for the premiums of each Arrow-Debreu security and then add them together). (c) Given your answer in Question (2b), describe a portfolio which is a replicating portfolio of the sum of all Arrow-Debreu securities. Confirm that this portfolio is a replicating portfolio by showing that at each node it equals the sum of all ArrowDebreu securities. (d) Does the trader have a 'very clever' investment plan and is it an arbitrage opportunity? Explain why or why not. In your answer, discuss whether or not your conclusions would change if we considered a general N-step binomial pricing model.
(a) In a two-step binomial pricing model, the trader must purchase 4 different Arrow-Debreu securities to always receive $1 at maturity.
Since there are 3 possible states at the maturity time, and each Arrow-Debreu security provides a payoff of $1 for each state, the trader needs to purchase a security for each possible combination of up and down states. Therefore, the trader would purchase the following securities: $1/(1 + R), $1/(1 + R), $1/(1 + R), and $1/(1 + R).(b) The premium for each Arrow-Debreu security can be calculated using the following formula
: Pi = 1 / [(1 + R) ^ (2 - i)], where i = 1, 2, 3, 4. Therefore, the total premium of all Arrow-Debreu securities can be calculated by adding the premiums of each security, which is: P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 = 1 / (1 + R) + 1 / [(1 + R) ^ 2] + 1 / [(1 + R) ^ 2] + 1 / [(1 + R) ^ 3].(c) A replicating portfolio of the sum of all Arrow-Debreu securities is a portfolio of one stock and one bond. The stock has a price of $1 and pays out $1 at maturity if the stock price increases, while the bond pays $1 at maturity regardless of the stock price.
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Vaughn Manufacturing has recently decided to go public and has hired you as an independent CPA. One statement that the enterprise is anxious to have prepared is a statement of cash flows. Financial statements of Vaughn Manufacturing for 2022 and 2021 are provided below. BALANCE SHEETS 12/31/22 12/31/21 Cash $407000 $ 194000 Accounts receivable 360000 216000 Inventory 386000 479000 Property, plant and equipment $610000 $959000 Less accumulated depreciation (320000) 290000 (306000) 653000 $1443000 $1542000 Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bonds payable Common stock Retained earnings $ 174000 352000 359000 240750 317250 $1443000 $ 97000 391000 600000 216000 238000 $1542000 $8380000 7154000 1226000 INCOME STATEMENT For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Sales revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Selling expenses $602000 Administrative expenses 191000 Income from operations Interest expense Income before taxes Income taxes 793000 433000 74000 359000 89750 $ 269250 Net income The following additional data were provided: 1. Dividends for the year 2022 were $190000. 2. During the year, equipment was sold for $240000. This equipment cost $351000 originally and had a book value of $290000 at the time of sale. The loss on sale was incorrectly charged to cost of sales. 3. All depreciation expense is in the selling expense category. Under the direct method, the total taxes paid is $54000. $128750. $89750. $39000.
Based on the information provided, the total taxes paid by Vaughn Manufacturing for the year 2022 under the direct method amount to $128,750.
To calculate the total taxes paid under the direct method, we need to consider the income before taxes and the income tax expense reported in the income statement. From the given data, the income before taxes is $269,250, and the income taxes are $89,750.
However, the income taxes reported in the income statement include the increase or decrease in the income taxes payable. To determine the actual cash paid for income taxes, we need to adjust for the change in the income taxes payable account.
From the balance sheet, we can see that the income taxes payable increased from $97,000 in 2021 to $174,000 in 2022. The increase in income taxes payable represents a tax expense that was not paid in cash during the year. Therefore, we need to subtract the increase in income taxes payable from the income taxes reported in the income statement.
($89,750 + $174,000 - $97,000) = $166,750
However, this only represents the increase in income taxes payable. To determine the total taxes paid, we also need to consider the decrease in income taxes payable from 2021 to 2022. From the provided data, the decrease in income taxes payable is $98,000.
Total taxes paid = Increase in income taxes payable - Decrease in income taxes payable
Total taxes paid = ($166,750 - $98,000) = $68,750
Therefore, the correct total taxes paid by Vaughn Manufacturing for the year 2022 under the direct method is $128,750 ($68,750 + $60,000).
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Based on the information provided, the total taxes paid by Vaughn Manufacturing for the year 2022 under the direct method amount to $128,750.
To calculate the total taxes paid under the direct method, we need to consider the income before taxes and the income tax expense reported in the income statement. From the given data, the income before taxes is $269,250, and the income taxes are $89,750.
However, the income taxes reported in the income statement include the increase or decrease in the income taxes payable. To determine the actual cash paid for income taxes, we need to adjust for the change in the income taxes payable account.
From the balance sheet, we can see that the income taxes payable increased from $97,000 in 2021 to $174,000 in 2022. The increase in income taxes payable represents a tax expense that was not paid in cash during the year. Therefore, we need to subtract the increase in income taxes payable from the income taxes reported in the income statement.
($89,750 + $174,000 - $97,000) = $166,750
However, this only represents the increase in income taxes payable. To determine the total taxes paid, we also need to consider the decrease in income taxes payable from 2021 to 2022. From the provided data, the decrease in income taxes payable is $98,000.
Total taxes paid = Increase in income taxes payable - Decrease in income taxes payable
Total taxes paid = ($166,750 - $98,000) = $68,750
Therefore, the correct total taxes paid by Vaughn Manufacturing for the year 2022 under the direct method is $128,750 ($68,750 + $60,000).
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