Most of the confirmed hypotheses found to be fabricated were the phrenological studies conducted by Dr. Franz Joseph Gall discredited in the nineteenth century. Phrenology was a popular pseudomedicine in the late 19th century that posited measurements and other characteristics of the human skull determined different aspects of a person's actions and personality.
Answer A is correct.
Phrenology was mostly discredited as a scientific theory by the 1840s. This was due only in part to a growing amount of evidence against phrenology. Phrenologists had never been able to agree on the most basic mental organ numbers, going from 27 to over 40, and had difficulty locating the mental organs.
Gall believed that bumps on the surface of the brain could be detected by feeling the bumps on the surface of an individual's head. 1 He suggested that the bumps, indentations, and overall shape of the skull could be linked to different aspects of a person's personality, character, and abilities.
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Most of the confirmed hypotheses found to be fabricated were the phrenological studies conducted by Dr. Franz Joseph Gall discredited in the nineteenth century. Phrenology was a popular pseudomedicine in the late 19th century that posited measurements and other characteristics of the human skull determined different aspects of a person's actions and personality.
By the 1840s, phrenology had lost much of its credibility as a scientific hypothesis. This was only partially caused by mounting evidence that refuted phrenology. [40] Phrenologists struggled to locate the mental organs and were never able to agree on even the most basic mental organ counts, which ranged from 27 to over 40. Organ placement was determined by phrenologists using cranioscopic readings of the skull. According to research performed by Jean Pierre Flourens on pigeon brains, the loss of some brain regions either had no effect on function or resulted in the loss of a function entirely unrelated to that which phrenology had assigned to that region. Although not flawless, Flourens' experiment appeared to show that Gall's purported organs were fictitious.
Since phrenology was used by businesspeople to abuse the middle and working classes, scientists had also lost faith in it. The popularisation of phrenology led to its simplicity and the incorporation of physiognomic principles, which Gall had initially dismissed as a personality predictor. From the beginning, phrenology was tarnished by claims that it promoted materialism and atheism and undermined morals. All of them contributed to the demise of phrenology. Recent research have further debunked phrenology claims utilising cutting-edge technologies like magnetic resonance imaging.
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Marfan’s syndrome is a disease associated with faulty manufacture of the extracellular protein fibrillin. Since this is a component of elastin, in which of the numbered cells would the damaged gene be expressed?.
Marfan syndrome is related to an autosomal dominant condition.
There are several organs constructed of elastic fibres. Skin, skeletons, and joints are the most frequent organs. Marfan syndrome will show as the chest form, long as well as thin bones (arms, legs, fingers), stretch marks inside the skin, or eye lens.
Marfan syndrome, the genetic illness, affects connective tissue, or even the fibres that hold and attach the organs and other body parts. Marfan syndrome most usually affects the skeleton, blood vessels, heart, and vision. It occurs since the normal growth of connective tissue cannot continue with just one functional copy of such FBN1 gene.
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Is this correct ?!?!?
Answer:
No its the first one
Explanation:
Asexual reproduction allows for a population to boom in a short period of time, since there only needs one organism. That being said its important to note that the offspring will be a clone of the parent, so the genetic diversity is low. However the advantage is that the population grows really fast, think of bacteria. Most reproduce asexually, and bacteria growth is very fast given the right conditions.
Where would the lac repressor be bound in a e. coli cell that is growing in low glucose and high lactoze?
Repressor changes its conformation when it binds to lactose, which prevents it from binding to DNA. This enables the transcription of the lactose operon.
What transpires to the lac operon when lactose is absent?The lac operon is turned off in the absence of lactose. This occurs because a protein called a repressor attaches to the operator region. This prevents RNA polymerase from attaching to the operon, which in turn stops the structural genes from being transcribed. Allolactose, which binds to the repressor protein, is created when lactose is present. As a result, the repressor protein loses its ability to bind to the operator region and inhibit transcription. This enables the three structural genes for beta-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase permease, and beta-galactosidase transacetylase to bind and be translated by RNA polymerase.Learn more about the lac operon with the help of the given link:
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pleese help i need answers for this
Answer:
C - The same traits as the single parent.
Explanation:
Asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from one parent, and the DNA will always be identical to that one parent.
Study the image.
AN
////
Which point shows the trade winds?
O 1
02
3
The point 2 in the image shows the trade wind. As it moves east to west and north to south of the equator.
Types of windPlanatary windTrade windThe westerliesPeriodic windLocal windWhat is trade wind?The trade winds are defined as the winds which reliably blow north to south similarly east to west of the equator. The winds helpful for the ships who directing to or travel west.
Why wind arises?These winds arises due to the Coriolis forces which deflect winds towards left in the southern hemisphere and right in the northern hemisphere.
Thus, we concluded that point 2 in the image shows the trade wind.
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DISCLAIMER:The above question is incomplete. Here the complete question:
Which point shows the trade winds?
Why doesn't your blood turn acidic after drinking acidic drinks ?
Answer:
Buffering system of blood
When any acidic substance enters the bloodstream, the bicarbonate ions neutralize the hydronium ions forming carbonic acid and water.
You believe a bacterium is attaching to animal cells by binding to the carbohydrate portion of a specific glycoprotein. To test this hypothesis you pre-incubate the bacteria with various molecules and then test for inhibition of attachment to the animal cells. Which result supports the hypothesis that the bacteria recognize the carbohydrate component of the animal glycoprotein?.
"Pretreatment with the carbohydrate component alone prevents bacteria attachment to the animal cells." is the result which supports the hypothesis that the bacteria recognize the carbohydrate component of the animal glycoprotein.
The glycoprotein molecule is created by the covalent interaction of glycans with the side chains of amino acids. The contact between cells is greatly influenced by this kind of protein. O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, p-glycosylation, and s-glycosylation are only a few of the several forms of glycosylation that may be distinguished.
The findings demonstrate that pure carbohydrates prevent sperm adhesion just as well as complete glycoprotein.
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Question correction:
You believe a bacterium is attaching to animal cells by binding to the carbohydrate portion of a specific glycoprotein. To test this hypothesis you pre-incubate the bacteria with various molecules and then test for inhibition of attachment to the animal cells. Which result supports the hypothesis that the bacteria recognize the carbohydrate component of the animal glycoprotein?
-Pretreatment with the carbohydrate component alone prevents bacteria attachment to the animal cells.
-Pretreatment with the entire glycoprotein prevents bacteria attachment to the animal cells.
-Pretreatment with the entire glycoprotein allows bacteria attachment to the animal cells.
-Pretreatment with the protein component alone prevents bacteria attachment to the animal cells.
Researchers conducted a study concerning cellular transport in animal cells affected by mitochondrial disease the disease affect an organisms ability to produce ATP during their study which method of cellular transport still function in the affected animal cells
Answer:
organisms ability to produce ATP during their study which method of cellular transport still
Explanation:
function in the affected animal cells
moving from the element with atomic number 10 to atomic number 11 on the periodic table there is a change in reactivity, which of the following are true?
select all that apply .
Reactivity increases
Reactivity decreases
Neon has another shell
Sodium has another shell
Valence electrons in sodium are farther from the nucleus
Atomic number 11 does not have a full electron shell
Changes observed from the reactivity of the elements are;
Reactivity increasesSodium has more shellValence electrons in sodium are farther from the nucleusAtomic number 11 does not have a full electron shellWhat is reactivity of elements in the periodic table?Reactivity is a measure of how easily an element will combine with other elements to form compounds.
An element with atomic number of 11 is known as Sodium, found in group 1 of the periodic table with is the group of most reactive metals in the periodic table.
An element with atomic number of 10 is known as neon, found in group 8 of the periodic table and it is known as inert gas because it has octet structure.
Thus, we can conclude the following;
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Could someone help me please
Answer:
2,3,4,6,7 absolutely. 1 no since bacteria is alive and is single celled, 5 no because an example of snakes don't develop, 8, some don't maintain it.
Answer:
__X_Are made of cells and have an organized structure.
__X_Reproduce and pass their genes(traits, characteristics) to offspring.
_X__Metabolize and obtain energy needed for food(light for plants).
___Grow and become larger.
_X__Develop and become specialized(an example is a human going from being carried to crawling, toddling, and then walking).
_X__Over long periods of living, things evolve in response to their environment.
__X_Respond to their environment.
_X__Maintain homeostasis.
Explanation:
I hope this is the answer you are looking for and I hope this helps!
The scientific method gives scientists a way to_______ their think about a problem or question
A. organize
B. categorize
C. solve
D. explain
Hi with no value on the nova display indicates that the blood glucose value is over _________ mg/dl or there has been a technique error.
With no value on the nova display indicates that the blood glucose value is over 600mg/dl.
What is blood sugar?Your blood's primary sugar is known as blood sugar or glucose. It is the primary source of energy for your body and is obtained from the food you consume. All of the cells in your body use glucose, which is carried by your blood, to provide energy.
Your blood sugar levels must be kept under control if you have diabetes. Too much blood glucose over an extended period of time might lead to major issues. Having issues with too low or too high blood sugar levels is possible even if you do not have diabetes. It can be beneficial to maintain a consistent routine for your food, exercise, and medication administration. It is crucial to keep your blood sugar levels within the desired range if you have diabetes.
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What are the pros and cons of netting in biodiversity
Biodiversity offsets are quantifiable conservation initiatives that are added to existing preventative and mitigation efforts to make up for inevitable damage.
In terms of species diversity, habitat quality, and ecosystem function, offsets should result in no net loss of biodiversity and, ideally, a net gain. The debate over biodiversity offsets is contentious since some governments are promoting offsets as a means of "accelerating development, or more simply as a means of undermining comprehensive land planning and allowing detrimental development on protected territory." There has been a lot of pushback to this. Purchasing fewer products and ensuring that the ones you do purchase have a minimal impact on biodiversity investing in initiatives to advance biodiversity looking for ways to cut of consumer products, such as food, clothing, and electrical equipment.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of all lipids?
Question 2 options:
a non-polar region that does not mix with water
a monomer of glucose
a polymer consisting of a chain of simple sugars
a 1:2:1 ratio of C, H & O
how it's folded determines it's function
Answer:
A non-polar region that does not mix with water
A 1:2:1 ratio of C, H & O
Explanation:
Lipids are non-polar meaning they cannot mix and/or dissolve in water. They are also a 1-2-1 ratio of C, H, and O.
the scientific method allows us to focus on _____ in order to determine how things work
Answer: objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation
Explanation: The basic process involves making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results.
Use the following DNA sequences and transcribe each into mRNA.
ATACCGATACGGACT
TCATCGGATACGCGC
CGGATCCAGTCACTA
1. UAUGGCUAUGCCUGA
2. AGUGCCUAUGCGCG
3. GCCUAGGUCAGUGAU
Which functional group, if found in the r group of an amino acid, would most likely be able to form an ionic bond force with a charged amino group on another molecule?.
Carboxyl functional group is found in the R group of an amino acid, which most likely forms an ionic bond force with a charged amino group on another molecule.
In organic chemistry, amino acids are classified as organic compounds. The full form of amino acids is α-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid.
The structure of amino acid shows that it contains an amino group and a carboxyl group as functional groups.
Each amino molecule is composed of a carbon atom also called alpha carbon (α-carbon), a hydrogen atom, and an R group.
The carboxyl group, H atom, and r group all are attached to the carbon atom to satisfy its valency i.e. 4.
To put it simply, amino acids contain a carboxylic functional group and they are the building blocks of proteins.
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16. How are convection currents in the asthenosphere associated with mid-ocean ridges?
Answer: GoodMorning: ) Ok so this happens When two oceanic plates are pushed away from each other, magma rises to the surface between the plates and creates a ridge.
Explanation: In places where convection currents rise up towards the crust's surface, tectonic plates move away from each other in a process known as seafloor spreading (Fig. 7.21). Hot magma rises to the crust's surface, cracks develop in the ocean floor, and the magma pushes up and out to form mid-ocean ridges.
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How many different proteins, each with a unique amino acid sequence, can be constructed with a length of 8 amino acids?
With a length of 8 amino acids, 25600000000 multiple proteins with distinct amino acid sequences can be built.
What is the definition of amino acid sequencing?The method of determining the arrangement of individual different amino acids and peptides is known as amino acid sequencing. Even thoughted fact that many different amino acids have already been identified in nature, essential proteins inside this human body are made up of only twenty different types.
Why is the sequence of amino acids important?Amino acid sequences have been shown to include vital biological information. The arrangement of amino acids in a given protein, for example, can reveal information about the protein's three-dimensional structure as well as its cellular location, and function, including evolution.
According to the given data:There are various types of amino acids. 20
The number of different associated proteins n amino acids is 20ⁿ.
n = length of amino acid long
n= 8 amino acid length.
20⁸ = 25600000000
With a length of 8 amino acids, 25600000000 multiple proteins with distinct amino acid sequences can be built.
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Which organelle would play the most direct role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by a phagocytic white blood cell?.
Lysosome would play the most direct role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by a phagocytic white blood cell.
An organelle of a cell that is membrane-bound and houses digestive enzymes is called a lysosome. Numerous cell processes involve lysosomes. They disassemble extra or worn-out cell components. They could be utilized to eliminate invasive bacteria and viruses. A lysosome performs three primary tasks: it repairs damaged cell membranes, breaks down and digests macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and it mounts defenses against pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other antigens. Lysosomes are frequently budded from the Golgi apparatus membrane, but they can also form gradually from late endosomes, which are vesicles that convey components that have been endocytosed into the cell.learn more about Lysosome here: https://brainly.com/question/5534167
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Overconsumption of _____ is often linked to chronic disease. multiple select question. sodium
Overconsumption of sodium, saturated fat and sugar increase the risk of chronic disease.
What is chronic disease?A sickness or condition that typically lasts three months or longer and has the potential to worsen over time. Elderly people are more prone to developing chronic diseases, which are typically treatable but not curable. Diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and stroke are the most prevalent chronic diseases.
Many chronic diseases are caused by:A small number of risk behaviors are responsible for many chronic diseases:
smoking tobacco and being among those who are smoking.Nutritional deficiencies, such as diets high in sodium and saturated fats but deficient in fruits and vegetables.a lack of movement.alcoholism in excess.to know more about chronic disease please check the link given below:
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How does the function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium differ from the function of unkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium? give examples of locations for each.
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium differs from the function of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in that non-keratinized epithelium is permeable to water whereas cornified epithelium is impermeable to water. Moreover, the keratinized epithelium is an effective barrier, whereas the non-keratinized epithelium is a less effective barrier.
What is keratinized epithelium?
Keratinized epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium found in the skin, the epidermis of the palms and soles, and masticatory mucosa. The keratinized epithelium forms an effective barrier. Its surface layer consists of dead cells. Keratin deposits on the surface. The cytoplasm of surface cells is replaced by keratin proteins. The keratinized epithelium is therefore dry and impermeable to water. It also provides better protection against scratches.
What is non-keratinized epithelium?
The non-cornified epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium found in the lips, oral mucosa, alveolar mucosa, soft palate, the underside of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth. Unlike keratinized epithelium, the non-keratinized epithelium is moist and contains living cells in the superficial layer.
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Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the endoplasmic reticulum?.
Answer:Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the Golgi? It will be embedded in the E.R. membrane with domain X facing the lumen of the E.R.
Explanation:
Body shapes and contours are heavily influenced by the shape of what integument layer?
Body shapes and contours are heavily influenced by the shape of the hypodermis layer.
Skin is composed of three layers: hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis. The hypodermis is the subcutaneous and innermost layer of the skin. The dermis is the middle layer while the epidermis is the outermost layer which bears hairs exposed to the external environment. Hypodermis layer is responsible for varying body shapes and contours in different people. The thickness of hypodermis may vary at different sites in a body and different people. It is thickest in the shoulders and abdominal region in males while females have thick hypodermis in the hips, thighs, and buttocks.
The hypodermis is composed of connective and adipose tissues. It regulates the body temperature and connects the bones and muscles.
Hypodermis determines the shape of the human body, it also determines the body contouring in men and women.
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A selection pressure for the development of flower petals might have been: group of answer choices increased attraction for pollinators all are correct increased attraction for predators increased surface area for wind pollination
All are correct, the development of flower petals might cause increased attraction for pollinators, increased attraction for predators, and increased surface area for wind pollination.
Flowers' reproductive organs are encircled by petals, which are modified leaves. To draw pollinators, they are frequently brightly colored or shaped differently. The corolla is the collective name for a flower's petals. Functions of the petal include scent production and color changing which is used to attract pollinators and also attract predators.
Flowers also exhibit different types of pollination and wind pollination is one of it, for flowers that undergo wind pollination require little or no petal since the pollens are to be scattered by wind. The development of the flower's petal in terms of the size, scent, colour depends on what type of pollination, whether the flower attracts pollinators or/and predators.
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The image illustrates a building with a green roof a roof that is covered in
living vegetation. What is a goal of this sustainable practice for societal
development?
A. To replace natural wilderness with more pavement
B. To increase the building's energy costs for heating and cooling
Answer:
reduces the environmental impact of paved surfaces
Explanation:
Apegx
Ash from ancient volcanoes blanketed the serengeti plain millions of years ago, helping to preserve in place what kind of record related to human evolution?.
The ash from ancient volcanoes that blanketed the Serengeti plains millions of years ago helped preserve the footprints of the ancient ancestors of humans- the Australopithecines
(Australopithecus afarensis).
Million years ago, the Serengeti plain was blanketed by Ash from ancient volcanoes that preserve the footprints of the ancestors of Australopithecines since the evolution of humans occurred during a period of 15 million years.
During this period, the evolution of different man-like stages occurred which finally led to the modern man.
These stages were
1. Dryopithecus/Ramapithecus
2. Australopithecus afarensis
3. Homo habilis
4. Homo erectus
5.Homo neandarthalensis
6. Homo sapiens (Modern Human)
The 2nd stage of human evolution i.e Australopithecus afarensis probably lived in East African grasslands that are a part of present-day Tanzania.
Laetoli is an archaeological site in Northern Tanzania where footprints of ancient humans were discovered as they were preserved in the ash from volcanoes.
The footprints discovered were probably of Australopithecus afarensis.
Hence, the ash from ancient volcanoes that blanketed the Serengeti plains millions of years ago helped preserve the footprints of the ancient ancestors of humans- the Australopithecines
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You may notice that the slope in the ice segment is steeper than the water segment.
Why is that?
a) Ice has a higher density than water and is therefore easier to melt
b) More heat is required to raise the temperature of ice
c) More heat is required to melt the ice than to evaporate it
d) More heat is required to raise the temperature of liquid water
The slope in the ice segment is steeper than in the water segment because more heat is required to raise the temperature of the ice.
Ice is heated by changing its phase from solid to liquid, or from ice to water. Melting is required to turn ice into water. Ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius. The temperature won't change until all the ice has melted. The temperature will begin to rise once all the ice has melted.
The transformation of water into gas comes next. Steam is produced when water boils. Water begins to vapourize at a temperature of 1000C. The temperature is unaffected by the phase change. Due to the strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds between water molecules, a large quantity of heat is needed. Before the water molecules can be transformed into vapors, the heat supplied is utilized to first break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules. As a result, the ice segment's slope is steeper than the water segment's.
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All of the following could likely be an antigen except:____.
a. a viral spike protein
b. a bacterial membrane protein
c. lps (lipopolysaccharide)
d. a molecule of cyclic amp (camp)
Option D: All of the following would likely be an antigen except a molecule of the cyclic amp (cAMP).
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is important for many biological processes involving intracellular transduction in various organisms. cAMP is synthesized by adenylate cyclase, an enzyme located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Various G proteins are responsible for the activation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
cAMP regulates glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It acts as an intracellular messenger to transfer the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline into the cells. It activates protein kinases and also regulates the function of ion channels by binding with them.
Since, viral spike proteins, bacterial membrane proteins, and lipopolysaccharides all act as antigens by triggering the immune system where cAMP is involved in the transmission of various signals. Therefore, it can be said that cAMP is not an antigen.
Thus, option D is the correct answer.
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Even a country in which the birthrate and death rate are equal can experience population growth if it also has.
Even a country in which the birthrate and death rate are equal can experience population growth if it also has immigration.
In evolutionary time, migration will often quickly converge gene frequencies among populations. Migration is a powerful mechanism for balancing the gene frequencies of subpopulations in a species in the absence of selection. Gene frequencies will eventually equalize if the migration rate is larger than zero.Migration refers to the movement of people, groups, or populations. Migration facilitates gene flow, or the transfer of genes from one population to another, in terms of genetics. Migration—or, to be more precise, gene flow—alone will quickly bring the gene frequencies of the two populations together if they initially had distinct gene frequencies and if selection is not at work.Therefore, immigration is the correct answer.
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