Adjusting entry at December 31, 2020: Debit: Fair Value Adjustment Account $520 Credit: Unrealized Gain/Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities $520
The adjusting entry is made to report the available-for-sale debt portfolio at fair value on December 31, 2020. The Fair Value Adjustment Account is debited for the credit balance of $520, and the Unrealized Gain/Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities account is credited for the same amount. This entry updates the fair value adjustment account and recognizes the unrealized gain/loss on the portfolio, reflecting the change in value of the securities during the period. Adjusting entry at December 31, 2020: Debit: Fair Value Adjustment Account $520 Credit: Unrealized Gain/Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities $520
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Below is information about beginning inventory and purchases for the current year: Beginning inventory April purchases June purchases December purchases 500 units valued at $3.00 each 1,100 units at $3.20 each 400 units at $4.00 each 1,600 units at $4.40 i. Sales during the year were 2,700 units at $5.00. If we used the first-in, first-out method (FIFO), ending inventory would be: a) $2,780 b) $3,960 c) $9,700 d) $10,880
FIFO ending inventory would be $9,700.
Does FIFO method result in a $9,700 ending inventory?Using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, the ending inventory can be calculated by sequentially deducting units sold from the inventory, starting with the earliest purchases.
Given:
Beginning inventory: 500 units at $3.00 each
April purchases: 1,100 units at $3.20 each
June purchases: 400 units at $4.00 each
December purchases: 1,600 units at $4.40 each
Total units available for sale: 3,600 (500 + 1,100 + 400 + 1,600)
Sales during the year: 2,700 units at $5.00 each
To determine the ending inventory, we subtract the units sold from the total units available for sale, following the chronological order of purchases.
Calculations:
1. Deduct 500 units from the beginning inventory.
2. Deduct 1,100 units from the April purchases.
3. Deduct 100 units from the June purchases.
4. Deduct 1,000 units from the December purchases.
After these deductions, the ending inventory is 900 units.
To find the value of the ending inventory, we multiply the remaining units by the cost per unit from the last purchase. In this case, 900 units multiplied by $4.40 each gives us a value of $3,960.
Therefore, the FIFO ending inventory would be $3,960.
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Sean is spending the day at the water park. He paid to enter the park and can use any water ride an unlimited number of times throughout the day. His favorite ride is the Twisty River. a. Sean's marginal utility of riding the Twisty River the first time is 50 utils. Sean's marginal utility of riding the Twisty River the second time is likely 0.17 points O greater than 50 utils. O less than 50 utils. O equal to 50 utils
Sean's marginal utility of riding the Twisty River the first time is 50 utils. Sean's marginal utility of riding the Twisty River the second time is likely less than 50 utils.
Marginal utility is the amount of satisfaction or usefulness that a consumer receives from buying an additional unit of a good or service. The first ride of Sean in the Twisty River gave him 50 utils of satisfaction or usefulness.
The second time Sean rides the Twisty River, his marginal utility is likely to be less than 50 utils because of the law of diminishing marginal utility. This law states that as a person consumes more of a good or service, the marginal utility from each additional unit of the good or service decreases.
In the given situation, Sean can use any water ride an unlimited number of times throughout the day. This means that Sean's marginal utility for each additional ride after the second time will continue to decrease.
So, Sean's marginal utility of riding the Twisty River the first time is 50 utils. Sean's marginal utility of riding the Twisty River the second time is likely less than 50 utils.
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Every company has rules, guidelines, codes of conduct, and values statements aiming to
guarantee its commitment to ethical management. Despite this, ethical scandals keep happening
in every industry and sector. Besides, people may hold widely divergent normative approaches
to make ethical decisions. Citing examples, explain what role (if any) can HRM practitioners
play? Do you think ethics is a ‘managers’ matter or ALL adult human beings have a
responsibility for it in organisations?
PLease provide references.
Every company has rules, guidelines, codes of conduct, and values statements aiming to guarantee its commitment to ethical management.
However, ethical scandals keep happening in every industry and sector, despite these precautions. As a result, HRM practitioners can play an important role in establishing ethical management within organizations. Ethical conduct is expected from everyone in the organization, regardless of their position. When it comes to ethical management, the responsibility of ensuring that all employees conduct themselves ethically falls on the entire organization, not just on HRM or managers.
Everyone has a role to play in establishing and maintaining a culture of ethical behavior and accountability within the company.References:Lewis, S. (2017). Ethical leadership and decision-making in education. Routledge. Mullender, R. (2015). The effects of the organizational context on the individual ethical decision-making process. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2), 251-269.
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Please Do Question 1 Thank You
The statements of financial position of Pierides Shipping Management plc at 31 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 were as follows: Pierides Shipping Management plc Statement of financial position at 31
- At 31 January 2019, the debt to equity ratio was 1.07.
- At 31 January 2020, the debt to equity ratio was 1.00.
- At 31 January 2019, the current ratio was 2.
- At 31 January 2020, the current ratio was 1.73.
Statement of financial position of Pierides Shipping Management plc at 31 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 31 January 2019 31 January 2020 £'000 £'000 Non-current assets 175,000 230,000 Current assets Inventories 40,000 50,000 Receivables 25,000 35,000 Cash and cash equivalents 5,000 10,000 Total current assets 70,000 95,000 Total assets 245,000 325,000 Equity Share capital 100,000 125,000 Retained earnings 35,000 50,000 Total equity 135,000 175,000 Non-current liabilities 75,000 115,000 Current liabilities Trade payables 20,000 25,000 Borrowings 15,000 30,000 Total current liabilities 35,000 55,000 Total equity and liabilities 245,000 325,000
(a) Calculation of debt to equity ratio at 31 January 2019 and 31 January 2020
Debt to equity ratio indicates the relationship between the amount of funds provided by the creditors and the amount of funds provided by shareholders. Debt to equity ratio can be calculated as follows:
Debt to equity ratio = Total liabilities/Total equity
Therefore, the debt to equity ratios at 31 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 can be calculated as follows:
For 31 January 2019
Debt to equity ratio = Total liabilities/Total equity
= (75,000 + 35,000)/135,000
= 1.07
For 31 January 2020
Debt to equity ratio = Total liabilities/Total equity
= (115,000 + 55,000)/175,000
= 1.00
(b) Calculation of current ratio at 31 January 2019 and 31 January 2020
The current ratio measures the ability of a company to meet its short-term obligations. It is calculated as follows:
Current ratio = Current assets/Current liabilities
Therefore, the current ratios at 31 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 can be calculated as follows:
For 31 January 2019
Current ratio = Current assets/Current liabilities
= 70,000/35,000
= 2
For 31 January 2020
Current ratio = Current assets/Current liabilities
= 95,000/55,000
= 1.73
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For our final class discussion, first discuss your thoughts on the sonnets in general; which specific one you liked most, and why; and/or a certain line or lines that stood out for you. Then, address any one of the following points.
In Sonnet 1, the speaker argues that the only way for the young man to defy the ravaging power of time is to reproduce, but in later sonnets, he seems to think that the permanence of his poetry will preserve the young man’s beauty for all time. Why is the speaker so concerned with the ravages of time? How do the sonnets portray time? How can they claim to defy it?
What question does the poetic speaker ask himself in the opening lines of sonnet 18? What are some of the problems with a summer's day that the poet discusses in the first eight lines? What does the poet mean when he says, "But thy eternal summer shall not fade"?
Sonnets 18, 29 and 116 are part of the 'Fair Lord' sequence. What sorts of similarities between them do you find (in images, ideas, tone/mood)? What sorts of differences?
Does Sonnet 130 strike you as a traditional "love" poem? Why or why not?
In these collected sonnets, what views does Shakespeare express regarding the nature of true love- and the miseries of misguided love? In a larger sense, how do these poems represent Renaissance literature?
The speaker in the sonnets is concerned with the ravages of time and believes that the permanence of poetry can defy it.
Why does the speaker in the sonnets emphasize the power of poetry over time?The speaker in the sonnets is deeply concerned with the ravages of time and its effect on beauty and youth. In Sonnet 1, the speaker argues that the only way for the young man to defy the ravages of time is through reproduction, suggesting that having children is a means of preserving one's beauty and ensuring a lasting legacy. However, as the sonnets progress, the speaker's perspective shifts, and he begins to place greater emphasis on the permanence of his poetry as a means of preserving the young man's beauty for all time.
The sonnets portray time as a relentless force that inevitably leads to decay and death. The speaker is preoccupied with this notion and fears the fleeting nature of beauty and love. Through his poetry, he attempts to capture and immortalize the beauty of the young man, defying time's destructive power. The sonnets act as a form of time capsule, preserving the young man's allure and ensuring that it will be admired by future generations.
In Sonnet 18, the poetic speaker asks himself, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question serves as a rhetorical device to introduce the theme of the poem, which is an exploration of the young man's beauty and its superiority to a summer's day. The speaker goes on to list several problems with a summer's day, such as its transience, unpredictable nature, and imperfections. These issues are contrasted with the eternal and unchanging beauty of the young man, as symbolized by the line, "But thy eternal summer shall not fade."
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Creating an engaged work force suggests engagement can be
affective, intellectual and social. Identify are some issues when
measuring work engagement.
write min 400 words
Employee engagement is a crucial component of a successful company, as an engaged workforce can enhance productivity, employee satisfaction, and customer experience.
Work engagement is defined as a positive psychological state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption, which is linked to high levels of work motivation and job satisfaction. Measuring work engagement is crucial for companies who want to enhance employee satisfaction, productivity, and overall business performance.
There are three types of engagement: affective, intellectual, and social. Affective engagement is related to employees' emotional attachment to their work, organization, or colleagues. Intellectual engagement refers to employees' cognitive investment in their work tasks, including their thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Social engagement is related to the quality of employee relationships and the degree of support provided by colleagues, supervisors, and the organization.
Issues when measuring work engagement:
1. Limited understanding of engagement: Many employees are unsure about what engagement entails. Thus, they may not be aware of how to report their engagement accurately, which could lead to inconsistencies in responses.
2. Employee biases: Employees' attitudes toward their work and organization can bias their responses to engagement surveys. Some employees may provide excessively positive responses, while others may answer negatively because of biases like cognitive dissonance, social desirability, or negativity bias.
3. The complexity of engagement: Employee engagement is not a straightforward construct to measure because it is complex and multifaceted. It is not possible to measure employee engagement in isolation, as it interacts with other variables like job satisfaction, motivation, and organizational culture.
4. Inadequate engagement surveys: Many organizations use generic engagement surveys that are not tailored to their industry, business goals, or employees' unique experiences. Using a standardized survey may not capture the nuances of engagement, and the results may not provide actionable insights.
5. Overreliance on surveys: Organizations may rely too heavily on engagement surveys as the main answer to understand employee engagement. Surveys may not be enough, and other methods like focus groups, interviews, and observation may provide more in-depth and detailed answers.
In conclusion, measuring work engagement is crucial for companies, but it can be challenging due to several factors like employees' biases, survey inadequacies, and engagement complexity. Companies should use multiple methods to measure engagement and tailor their surveys to their business goals and industry. Moreover, companies should aim to understand the nuances of engagement by using more in-depth methods like focus groups and interviews.
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1.An industry consists of 8 firms with annual sales (in $ millions) of 100, 275, 900, 600, 450, 700, 500, and 600. What is this industry's four-firm concentration ratio?
a.0.49
b.0.68
c.0/66
d.0.77
2.Which of the following is true under monopoly equilibrium?
a.P = MR
b.Profits are always positive
c.P > MC
d.Marginal Cost .> Marginal Revenue
3.Sai is a manager of a dairy that sells its product in a perfectly competitive market at the price of $50. The dairy's cost function is C = 5Q2 + 40. The profit maximizing output for the dairy is
a.5
b.4.5
c.6
d.6/5
4. Sasi is a manager of a monopoly that faces a inverse demand curve described by P = 270 - 20Q. Sasi's costs are defined as C = 5 + 30Q. The profit maximizing output for her firm is:
a.10.7
b.7.6
c.5.2
d.6.0
5.Amina is a plant manager of a power company considered to be a monopoly. The firm faces an inverse demand curve described by P = 230 - 20Q. The power company faces a cost function defined by C = 5 + 70Q. The maximizing price ($) is:
a.111
b.150
c.90
d.120
6. Pre CV-19, Saint Peter's Peacocks would host a "student rush" for a non-sell out Tuesday night basketball game. What is the possible privately motivated purpose for them to do so?
a.STP administration wants to be good citizens.
b.None of the statements is correct.
c.Students lack other recreational activities
d.Students have more elastic demand curves for sporting events
1. The four-firm concentration ratio is calculated by summing the market shares of the four largest firms in the industry. In this case, the market shares are 0.1, 0.275, 0.9, 0.6, 0.45, 0.7, 0.5, and 0.6. Adding the market shares of the four largest firms (0.9 + 0.7 + 0.6 + 0.6) gives a four-firm concentration ratio of 0.68.
2.Under monopoly equilibrium, the firm sets its output level where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). This ensures that the firm maximizes its profit. However, the statement "P = MR" is not necessarily true in monopoly equilibrium since the firm can choose a price higher than marginal revenue.
3.In a perfectly competitive market, the profit-maximizing output occurs where marginal cost (MC) equals the market price (P). In this case, the cost function is [tex]C = 5Q^{2}+ 40[/tex]. By taking the derivative of the cost function and setting it equal to the market price of $50, we can solve for the output level, which is approximately 4.5.
4.For a monopoly with an inverse demand curve described by P = 270 - 20Q and a cost function defined as C = 5 + 30Q, the profit-maximizing output occurs where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). By differentiating the demand equation and setting it equal to marginal cost, we can solve for the quantity (Q) that maximizes profit, which is approximately 7.6.
5.In the given monopoly scenario with an inverse demand curve described by P = 230 - 20Q and a cost function defined as C = 5 + 70Q, the maximizing price occurs where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). By equating the derivative of the demand equation with marginal cost, we can solve for the price (P), which is approximately $111.
6.The possible privately motivated purpose for Saint Peter's Peacocks to host a "student rush" for a non-sell out Tuesday night basketball game is that students have more elastic demand curves for sporting events. This means that students are more responsive to changes in ticket prices, and offering discounted tickets through the "student rush" can attract more student attendees and increase overall ticket sales. This strategy can help fill seats, create a lively atmosphere, and generate revenue for the university.
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The income statement for the month of June of Camera Obscura Enterprises contains the following information: Sales Revenues $7,000 Expenses:
Salaries and Wages Expense $3,000 Rent Expense 1,500 Advertising Expense 800 S
upplies Expense 300 Insurance Expense 100 Total expenses 5.700 Net income $1.300 After the revenue and expense accounts have been closed, the balance in Income Summary will be a. a credit balance of $7,000. b. $0. c. a debit balance of $1,300. d. a credit balance of $1,300.
b) The balance in Income Summary after closing the revenue and expense accounts will be: $0.
The purpose of closing the revenue and expense accounts is to transfer their balances to the Income Summary account. The Income Summary account is used to calculate the net income or net loss for the period.
In this case, the sales revenues amount to $7,000, and the total expenses amount to $5,700. To calculate the net income, we subtract the total expenses from the sales revenues:
Net Income = Sales Revenues - Total Expenses
Net Income = $7,000 - $5,700
Net Income = $1,300
Once the net income is determined, it is transferred to the retained earnings account, which will increase the retained earnings balance by $1,300.
Since the income summary account is used to calculate the net income, it will have a zero balance after the closing entries are completed. The revenue and expense accounts will be closed out, and their balances will be transferred to the income summary account, resulting in a zero balance.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. $0.
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Lean Accounting
The annual budgeted conversion costs for a lean cell are $194,400 for 2,700 production hours. Each unit produced by the cell requires 18 minutes of cell process time. During the month, 1,450 units are manufactured in the cell. The estimated materials costs are $56 per unit.
(Round the per unit cost to the nearest cent and use in subsequent computations. If required, round your answers to the nearest dollar.)
Journalize the following entries for the month:
a. Materials are purchased to produce 1,530 units.
b. Conversion costs are applied to 1,450 units of production.
c. The cell completes 1,380 units, which are placed into finished goods.
If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Account Title Debit Credit Finished Goods Inventory $107,088 Work-in-Process Inventory: $107,088.
Given information: The annual budgeted conversion costs for a lean cell are $194,400 for 2,700 production hours. Each unit produced by the cell requires 18 minutes of cell process time. During the month, 1,450 units are manufactured in the cell. The estimated materials costs are $56 per unit. To calculate: Journalize the following entries for the month:
a. Materials are purchased to produce 1,530 units.
b. Conversion costs are applied to 1,450 units of production.
c. The cell completes 1,380 units, which are placed into finished goods.
Solution: a. Calculation of the cost of materials for 1530 units= $56 × 1530= $85,680 Journal entry of the purchase of materials: Account Title Debit Credit Raw Materials Inventory$85,680Accounts Payable$85,680b. Calculation of conversion cost per unit=$194,400 / 2700 production hours= $72 per production hour18 minutes are required for each unit produced by the cell.1 hour = 60 minutes18 minutes = 18/60 hour= 0.3 hour. Conversion cost per unit for cell processing time= $72 × 0.3= $21.6Total conversion cost per unit= $21.6 + $56= $77.6Conversion costs applied to 1,450 units= $77.6 × 1,450= $112,480Journal entry of conversion costs applied: Account Title Debit Credit Work-in-Process Inventory$112,480, Manufacturing Overhead $112,480c. Cost of completing 1,380 units= $77.6 × 1,380= $107,088Journal entry of units completed:
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The following entries for the month are journalized as follows:
Part a
The materials cost per unit is: $56/unit
Therefore, the total materials cost for producing 1,530 units would be:
Total material cost for producing 1,530 units = $56/unit × 1,530 units
= $85,680
Accounts Debit Credit
Materials $85,680
Accounts Payable $85,680
Journal entry to record the purchase of materials for 1,530 units.
Part b
Total production hours = 2,700 hours
Production hours per unit = 18 minutes
= 0.3 hours per unit
Production hours required for 1,450 units = 1,450 units × 0.3 hours per unit
= 435 hours
Conversion cost per hour = $194,400 ÷ 2,700 hours
= $72/hour
Conversion cost for 435 hours = $72/hour × 435 hours
= $31,320
Accounts Debit Credit
Work-in-Process $31,320
Manufacturing Overhead $31,320
Journal entry to apply conversion cost for 1,450 units of production.
Part c
The cost of manufacturing 1,380 units is:
Materials cost = $56/unit × 1,380 units
= $77,280
Conversion cost = $31,320
Total cost = $77,280 + $31,320
= $108,600
Accounts Debit Credit Finished Goods $108,600
Work-in-Process $108,600
Journal entry to record completion of 1,380 units and placing them into finished goods.
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borrowed $10,000 from u bunk and promise buck Fo 10 pay debt buck completely within years. was you interest rate The intial interest that the bank changed 10%. After the first 3 years, the changed to 8% by the end of year 6, it changed again to 67.. Therefore, the payment (A3) for the last 4 yours (7-10)
To calculate the payment for the last 4 years (7-10) of the loan, we need to determine the remaining principal balance after the first 6 years. We can use an amortization schedule to calculate the payment amounts for each year.
Given:
Principal amount borrowed: $10,000
Initial interest rate: 10% (for years 1-3)
Interest rate after 3 years: 8% (for years 4-6)
Interest rate after 6 years: 6% (for years 7-10)Using the formula for calculating the payment amount for an amortizing loan, we can calculate the remaining principal balance after the first 6 years as follows:
Step 1: Calculate the payment amount for the first 6 years.
Payment amount (A1-A6) = P * (r/n) / (1 - (1 + r/n)^(-n*t))
Where:
P = Principal amount borrowed = $10,000
r = Interest rate per period
n = Number of compounding periods per year
t = Number of years
For the first 6 years:
r = 10% per year
n = 1 (assuming annual compounding)
t = 6Using the above formula, we can calculate the payment amount for the first 6 years (A1-A6).Step 2: Calculate the remaining principal balance after 6 years.
To find the remaining principal balance after 6 years, subtract the principal payments made during the first 6 years from the initial principal amount.Remaining principal balance after 6 years = Principal amount borrowed - Sum of payments made during the first 6 yearsStep 3: Calculate the payment amount for the last 4 years.Using the remaining principal balance after 6 years, we can calculate the payment amount for the last 4 years using the new interest rate of 6%.
r = 6% per year
n = 1 (assuming annual compounding)
t = 4Using the formula mentioned earlier, we can calculate the payment amount for the last 4 years (A7-A10).Note: The specific payment amounts for each year will depend on the exact calculation and rounding method used.
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Strategic management often borrows lessons as well as metaphors from classic military strategy. For example, major business decisions are often categorized as "strategic" while more minor decisions (such as small changes in price or the opening of a new location) are referred to as "tactical" decisions. Discuss two (2) selected examples of classic military strategies that hold insights for strategic decisions today.
Strategic management, like military strategy, provides a systematic approach for developing and executing plans. Military strategy is centered on various tactics, techniques, and procedures that are aimed at defeating the enemy while strategic management is aimed at creating a sustainable competitive advantage that is based on exploiting the company’s core competencies and creating value for its customers.
Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" is a Chinese military treatise that is more than 2,500 years old. It presents a system for winning battles that is centered on strategic and tactical maneuvering. For instance, Sun Tzu argues that successful generals should always aim to deceive their opponents and keep them guessing.
Blitzkrieg was a German military tactic used during World War II that involved quick, unexpected attacks to disrupt enemy defenses and gain territory. In a business context, this tactic can be seen as creating rapid innovation and launching products or services that revolutionize an industry.
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Project Details The project should entail a comprehensive examination of operations management issues in a service or manufacturing firm/industry of your choice. The project report should be based on primary (e.g., interviews and meetings) and secondary data (e.g., reports and newspaper articles) to: Identify the (a) organizational competitive edge and operations strategy, (b) concept of productivity and its measurement, (c) forecasting needs and how these are fulfilled, (d) product/service design elements, (e) production process and facility layout, (f) concept of quality, its control, and management, (g) inventory needs and its management, (h) supply chain mapping (which may include but not be limited to: tier 3 suppliers – tier 2 suppliers - tier 1 supplier original manufacturer or service provider distribution network - consumer/customer). Identify and examine the key operations and production management performance parameters among the above areas (a-h), and related issues/problems and underlying causes. Recommend specific interventions from the perspective of the focal manufacturer or service provider that may improve its production and operations. Provide insights into the possible cost-benefit analysis, challenges, and outcomes associated with the interventions. Problem identification must be there in the project work (what problems are being faced by the organization or could face in the future?). Note: These issues can be studied in the context of a focal firm's routine operations or more focused on any particular project within a focal firm. Please take any manufacturing or service firm where you can implement above operation management condition in your selected firm. you can take any manufacturing firm like Suzuki, apple, General Motors or Ford, etc.
please do these task asap.
The project should entail a comprehensive examination of operations management issues in a service or manufacturing firm/industry of your choice.
Comprehensive examination is a test that is taken by students at the end of a course of study that typically covers a large amount of material. Identify the (a) organizational competitive edge and operations strategy, (b) concept of productivity and its measurement, (c) forecasting needs and how these are fulfilled, (d) product/service design elements, (e) production process and facility layout, (f) concept of quality, its control, and management, (g) inventory needs and its management
(h) supply chain mapping (which may include but not be limited to: tier 3 suppliers – tier 2 suppliers - tier 1 supplier original manufacturer or service provider distribution network - consumer/customer).Identify and examine the key operations and production management performance parameters among the above areas (a-h), and related issues/problems and underlying causes.Recommend specific interventions from the perspective of the focal manufacturer or service provider that may improve its production and operations.
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3.) Which state was the first in the nation to enact legislation
granting collective bargaining rights to local government
employees?
California
Connecticut
Wisconsin
New York
Wisconsin was the first state in the nation to enact legislation granting collective bargaining rights to local government employees.
In 1959, Wisconsin passed the Wisconsin Employment Relations Act, which granted collective bargaining rights to local government employees. This was a significant milestone in the history of labor relations in the United States, as it paved the way for other states to follow suit and grant similar rights to their own local government employees.
Wisconsin's decision to grant collective bargaining rights to local government employees was not without controversy. Many conservatives and business leaders argued that allowing workers to collectively bargain with their employers would lead to higher costs for taxpayers and make it more difficult for local governments to manage their budgets. However, supporters of the law argued that it was necessary to ensure that workers had a say in their own working conditions and to promote fairness and equity in the workplace. Despite the initial resistance to the law, Wisconsin's decision to grant collective bargaining rights to local government employees was widely viewed as a success. Over the years, other states followed Wisconsin's lead and passed similar laws, giving workers a greater voice in their own working conditions and helping to promote greater economic stability and fairness for all workers.
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D D Question 3 Realized gains or losses occur when a company adjusts an asset to fair value but has not yet disposed of the asset. True O False Question 4 An investor is the corporation that issued th
Question 3: The statement is true. Realized gains or losses occur when a company adjusts an asset to fair value but has not yet disposed of the asset.
Realized gains or losses refer to the gains or losses that are recognized when an asset is adjusted to its fair value, even if the asset has not been sold or disposed of yet. These adjustments are made to reflect the current market value of the asset and are recorded in the financial statements. Therefore, the statement "Realized gains or losses occur when a company adjusts an asset to fair value but has not yet disposed of the asset" is true.
Question 4: The statement is false. An investor is not the corporation that issued the investment.
An investor is not the corporation that issued the investment. An investor is an individual, entity, or organization that provides funds or resources to purchase or acquire assets such as stocks, bonds, or other securities issued by corporations or other entities. The corporation that issues the investment is the issuer or the company that offers the securities to investors in order to raise capital. Therefore, the statement "An investor is the corporation that issued the investment" is false. Investors and issuers are distinct entities in the context of investments.
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You have recently received $100,000 and you are considering investing $40,000 in the Gleaner Company (GLNR) and $60,000 in The Radio Jamaica Group (RJR). Your analysis of each stock revealed the following information. The Expected Returns of both companies are 11% and 15% respectively and the Standard Deviations are 8% and 11% respectively. The correlation between the companies is 0.75. i. Compute the expected return of the portfolio (3 marks) ii. Compute the standard deviation of the portfolio(7 marks) B. You are given the following information regarding four stocks in a portfolio # of Price ($) Price ($)_ CompanyShares20122013 BIL6,0002.702.00 JMMB3,5009.008.05 MIL4,0001.901.90 SIJL1,50027.8926.11 Assuming 2012 is the base year with an index value of 100: i. Compute a price-weighted index of these four stocks for 2013. What is the percentage change in the value of the index from 2012 to 2013?(5 marks) ii. Compute a value-weighted index of these four stocks for 2013. What is the percentage change in the value of the index from 2012 to 2013?(10 marks)
The expected return of the portfolio is 13.4%, based on the weighted average of the expected returns of individual stocks. The standard deviation of the portfolio is 7.09%, computed considering the covariance, standard deviations, and weights of the stocks.
To compute the expected return of the portfolio, we need to calculate the weighted average of the expected returns of each stock, based on the investment amounts.
Expected return of GLNR = 11%
Expected return of RJR = 15%
Weight of GLNR = $40,000 / $100,000 = 0.4
Weight of RJR = $60,000 / $100,000 = 0.6
Expected return of the portfolio = (Expected return of GLNR * Weight of GLNR) + (Expected return of RJR * Weight of RJR)
Expected return of the portfolio = (0.11 * 0.4) + (0.15 * 0.6)
Expected return of the portfolio = 0.044 + 0.09
Expected return of the portfolio = 0.134 or 13.4%
ii. To compute the standard deviation of the portfolio, we need to consider the covariance between the two stocks and their respective standard deviations.
Standard deviation of GLNR = 8%
Standard deviation of RJR = 11%
Correlation between GLNR and RJR = 0.75
Using the formula for the standard deviation of a portfolio:
Standard deviation of the portfolio = √[(Weight of GLNR)² * (Standard deviation of GLNR)² + (Weight of RJR)² * (Standard deviation of RJR)² + 2 * (Weight of GLNR) * (Weight of RJR) * (Standard deviation of GLNR) * (Standard deviation of RJR) * (Correlation between GLNR and RJR)]
Standard deviation of the portfolio = √[(0.4)² * (0.08)² + (0.6)² * (0.11)² + 2 * (0.4) * (0.6) * (0.08) * (0.11) * (0.75)]
Standard deviation of the portfolio = √[0.001024 + 0.003168 + 0.0008448]
Standard deviation of the portfolio = √0.0050368
Standard deviation of the portfolio = 0.0709 or 7.09%
i. To compute the price-weighted index for 2013, we need to calculate the sum of the prices of the four stocks and then divide it by the sum of the prices in 2012. We will use the base year index value of 100.
Sum of prices in 2012 = (6,000 * 2.70) + (3,500 * 9.00) + (4,000 * 1.90) + (1,500 * 27.89) = 16,200 + 31,500 + 7,600 + 41,835 = $97,135
Sum of prices in 2013 = (6,000 * 2.00) + (3,500 * 8.05) + (4,000 * 1.90) + (1,500 * 26.11) = 12,000 + 28,175 + 7,600 + 39,165 = $86,940
Price-weighted index for 2013 = (Sum of prices in 2013 / Sum of prices in 2012) * 100
Price-weighted index for 2013 = (86,940 / 97,135) * 100
Price-weighted index for 2013 ≈ 89.53
The percentage change in the value of the index from 2012 to 2013 can be calculated using the formula: Percentage change = ((Price-weighted index for 2013 - Base year index value) / Base year index value) * 100
Percentage change = ((89.53 - 100) / 100) * 100
Percentage change ≈ -10.47%
ii. To compute the value-weighted index for 2013, we need to calculate the market value of each stock by multiplying the number of shares by the corresponding price. Then, we calculate the sum of the market values for all stocks and divide it by the sum of the market values in 2012. We will use the base year index value of 100.
Market value of BIL in 2012 = 6,000 * 2.70 = $16,200
Market value of JMMB in 2012 = 3,500 * 9.00 = $31,500
Market value of MIL in 2012 = 4,000 * 1.90 = $7,600
Market value of SIJL in 2012 = 1,500 * 27.89 = $41,835
Market value of BIL in 2013 = 6,000 * 2.00 = $12,000
Market value of JMMB in 2013 = 3,500 * 8.05 = $28,175
Market value of MIL in 2013 = 4,000 * 1.90 = $7,600
Market value of SIJL in 2013 = 1,500 * 26.11 = $39,165
Sum of market values in 2012 = 16,200 + 31,500 + 7,600 + 41,835 = $97,135
Sum of market values in 2013 = 12,000 + 28,175 + 7,600 + 39,165 = $86,940
Value-weighted index for 2013 = (Sum of market values in 2013 / Sum of market values in 2012) * 100
Value-weighted index for 2013 = (86,940 / 97,135) * 100
Value-weighted index for 2013 ≈ 89.53
The percentage change in the value of the index from 2012 to 2013 can be calculated using the formula: Percentage change = ((Value-weighted index for 2013 - Base year index value) / Base year index value) * 100
Percentage change = ((89.53 - 100) / 100) * 100
Percentage change ≈ -10.47%
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The balance sheets of Davidson Corporation reported net fixed assets of $348,000 at the end of 2021. The fixed-asset turnover ratio for 2021 was 3.0, and sales for the year totaled $1,476,000. Net fixed assets at the end of 2020 were: O O O O $780,000. $492,000. $636,000. None of these answer choices are correct.
To determine the net fixed assets at the end of 2020, we can use the fixed-asset turnover ratio.
The fixed-asset turnover ratio is calculated by dividing sales by average net fixed assets. We are given the fixed-asset turnover ratio for 2021, which is 3.0, and the sales for the year, which is $1,476,000.
Using the formula for the fixed-asset turnover ratio:
Fixed-Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales / Average Net Fixed Assets
Rearranging the formula to solve for average net fixed assets:
Average Net Fixed Assets = Sales / Fixed-Asset Turnover Ratio
Substituting the given values:
Average Net Fixed Assets = $1,476,000 / 3.0
Average Net Fixed Assets = $492,000
Since we know the net fixed assets at the end of 2021 is $348,000, we can calculate the net fixed assets at the end of 2020 using the formula:
Net Fixed Assets at the end of 2020 = Average Net Fixed Assets - Depreciation Expense
Given that the net fixed assets at the end of 2021 is $348,000, we can assume that the depreciation expense for the year is $492,000 - $348,000 = $144,000.
Therefore, the net fixed assets at the end of 2020 would be:
Net Fixed Assets at the end of 2020 = $492,000 - $144,000 = $348,000
None of the answer choices provided are correct. The correct net fixed assets at the end of 2020 is $636,000, which is not listed among the answer choices.
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Alpha Ltd
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31.12.2020
$
Turnover 12,500,000
Cost of sales 5,800,000
Gross profit 6,700,000
Administrative expenses 1,300,000
Selling and distribution costs 1,700,000
PBIT 3,700,000
Finance costs 1,000,000
PBT 2,700,000
Taxation 1,200,000
PAT 1,500,000
Transfer to general reserves 300,000
Interim preference dividend 150,000
On 1.1.2020 V Ltd acquired 90% of share capital of G Ltd. V Ltd issued 2 new shares for every 3 shares of G Ltd acquired, when the market value of the share of V Ltd was $6 and the market value of the share of G Ltd was $3. On 31.12.2020, V Ltd will pay $1.75 per share acquired to shareholders of G Ltd. Cost of capital is 10% per annum.
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30.09.2020
V Ltd G Ltd
$000 $000
Revenue 65000 40000
Cost of sales 50000 25000
Gross profit 15000 15000
Distribution costs 2000 2000
Administrative expenses 4000 3000
Investment income 500 -
Finance cost 500 -
PBT 9000 10000
Taxation 3000 2000
Profit for the year 6000 8000
Equity 1.10.2019
Equity shares $1 each 30000 10000
Retained earnings 55000 35000
Notes
1. At the date of acquisition, the fair value of G Ltd assets was equal to their carrying amounts with 2 exemptions (the fair value changes of which has not been incorporated into the financial statements of G Ltd).
a. An item of plant had a fair value of 2 million above its carrying amount, its remaining life was 3 years and depreciation is charged to cost of sales
b. G Ltd had a contingent liability which V Ltd estimated to have a fair value of $500000 which did not change as at 30.09.2020
2. V Ltd values NCI at fair value at acquisition date by using the market value of G Ltd shares at that date which is representative of the fair value of the shares held by NCI
3.Sales from V Ltd to G Ltd during the year ended 30.09.2020 were 750000 per month at a mark up of 20% on cost. G Ltd had $1.5 million of these goods in stock at 30.09.2020
4. V Ltd investment income is a dividend received from investment in a 40% owned associate, held for few years, the profit of which was $2 million for the year ended 30.09.2020.
5. Although G Ltd was profitable since the acquisition by V Ltd, the market for G Ltd products was hit in recent months and V Ltd calculated that goodwill was impaired by $2 million as at 30.09.2020
Required
a. Calculate goodwill arising on acquisition of G Ltd
b. Prepare consolidated statement of profit or loss for V Ltd for the year ended 30.09.2020
a) Goodwill arising on acquisition of G Ltd is $1,500,002.
b) The consolidated statement of profit or loss for V Ltd for the year ended 30.09.2020 shows a profit attributable to equity shareholders of V Ltd of $3,233,333 and retained earnings at 30.09.2020 of $57,783,333.
a. Goodwill arising on acquisition of G Ltd can be calculated as follows:
Consideration transferred:
90% of share capital of G Ltd = 0.9 x $10,000,000 = $9,000,000
2 new shares issued for every 3 shares of G Ltd acquired:
Number of shares issued = (2/3) x 10,000,000 = 6,666,667
Market value per share of V Ltd = $6
Total value of shares issued = 6,666,667 x $6 = $40,000,002
Total consideration transferred = $49,000,002
Less: Fair value of net assets acquired:
Share capital of G Ltd = $10,000,000
Retained earnings of G Ltd = $35,000,000
Fair value adjustment for plant = $2,000,000
Contingent liability = $500,000
Fair value of net assets acquired = $47,500,000
Goodwill arising on acquisition of G Ltd = Total consideration transferred - Fair value of net assets acquired
= $49,000,002 - $47,500,000
= $1,500,002
Therefore, goodwill arising on acquisition of G Ltd is $1,500,002.
b. Consolidated statement of profit or loss for V Ltd for the year ended 30.09.2020 can be prepared as follows:
Revenue:
V Ltd revenue = $65,000,000
Sales to G Ltd (eliminated on consolidation) = $9,000,000
Total revenue = $74,000,000
Cost of sales:
V Ltd cost of sales = $50,000,000
Cost of sales of goods sold to G Ltd (eliminated on consolidation) = $9,000,000 x 80% = $7,200,000
Fair value adjustment for plant (eliminated on consolidation) = $2,000,000/3 = $666,667
Total cost of sales = $57,866,667
Gross profit = Total revenue - Total cost of sales
= $74,000,000 - $57,866,667
= $16,133,333
Distribution costs:
V Ltd distribution costs = $2,000,000
Distribution costs of goods sold to G Ltd (eliminated on consolidation) = $9,000,000 x 20% = $1,800,000
Total distribution costs = $3,800,000
Administrative expenses:
V Ltd administrative expenses = $4,000,000
Administrative expenses of G Ltd (eliminated on consolidation) = $3,000,000
Total administrative expenses = $7,000,000
Investment income:
Dividend received from associate = $2,000,000
Finance costs:
V Ltd finance costs = $500,000
PBT = Gross profit - Distribution costs - Administrative expenses + Investment income - Finance costs
= $16,133,333 - $3,800,000 - $7,000,000 + $2,000,000 - $500,000
= $6,833,333
Taxation = $3,000,000 + $2,000,000 x 30%
= $3,600,000
Profit for the year (attributable to equity shareholders of V Ltd) = PBT - Taxation
= $6,833,333 - $3,600,000
= $3,233,333
Retained earnings at 30.09.2020 = Retained earnings at 1.10.2019 + Profit for the year - Interim preference dividend - Transfer to general reserves
= $55,000,000 + $3,233,333 - $150,000 - $300,000
= $57,783,333
Therefore, the consolidated statement of profit or loss for V Ltd for the year ended 30.09.2020 shows a profit attributable to equity shareholders of V Ltd of $3,233,333 and retained earnings at 30.09.2020 of $57,783,333.
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What is a firm? Assess this question with respect to recent economic theory taking into account the view of the firm as a ""unit of supply"" against the alternative view that the firm is a ""substitute for the market.""
In recent economic theory, the concept of a firm has been examined from different perspectives, including the view of the firm as a "unit of supply" and the alternative view that the firm is a "substitute for the market." Let's assess this question in light of these perspectives:
Firm as a "unit of supply":
From this perspective, a firm is seen as a production entity that combines various inputs (such as labor, capital, and technology) to produce goods or services. It is considered a unit of supply that brings together the necessary resources to create output and meet market demand. In this view, the firm is primarily focused on maximizing its own production efficiency, minimizing costs, and optimizing its supply chain.
Firm as a "substitute for the market":
This perspective emphasizes the role of the firm in organizing economic activity and coordinating transactions that would otherwise take place in the market.
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a profit maximizing firm is producing at an output of 250 units where it's average fixed costs are $2.50 and its average total costs are $6. what are the firm's total variable costs?
The firm's total variable costs are $875. To calculate the firm's total variable costs, use the formula for average total costs, which is ATC = TC/Q.
Average Fixed Costs (AFC): The fixed costs per unit, which are $2.50 in this case.
Average Total Costs (ATC): The total costs per unit, which are $6 in this case.
Output: The number of units produced, which is 250 units.
First, determine the average variable costs (AVC) using the following formula:
AVC = ATC - AFC
AVC = $6 - $2.50
AVC = $3.50
Now, we can calculate the total variable costs (TVC) using the formula:
TVC = AVC * Output
TVC = $3.50 * 250
TVC = $875
The firm's total variable costs are $875.
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8 1 point Which of the following is an example of the agency problem? Managers resign when they believe they have not always acted in the best interests of shareholders. Managers always invest in projects that have appropriate returns and that will increase shareholder wealth. Managers conduct an acquisition program purely to increase the size of an organisation. Managers look for new projects as they want to avoid business risk. Previous
An example of the agency problem is when managers conduct an acquisition program purely to increase the size of an organization.
The agency problem arises due to the separation of ownership and control in a corporation. Shareholders (owners) delegate decision-making authority to managers (agents) to run the company on their behalf. However, the interests of managers may not always align with those of the shareholders. Managers may be motivated by self-interest, leading to conflicts between their own goals and the goals of the shareholders.
In the case of conducting an acquisition program solely to increase the size of the organization, managers may be seeking personal benefits like higher compensation or job security, rather than making a decision that would generate the highest returns for shareholders. This represents a classic example of the agency problem, where managers prioritize their own interests over the best interests of the shareholders.
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Which of the following best describes the stakeholder model of corporate governance?
The primary focus of this model is social welfare, to the exclusion of economic welfare.
A company has responsibilities to many stakeholders including investors, employees, suppliers, government agencies, and the community.
A company’s primary responsibility is to maximize the wealth of its most important stakeholder, the owners.
Because corporations have many managers and resources, it is possible to equally and fully address the needs of all stakeholders.
The stakeholder model is a more restrictive approach than the shareholder model approach to corporate governance.
The best description of the stakeholder model of corporate governance is:
A company has responsibilities to many stakeholders including investors, employees, suppliers, government agencies, and the community.
The stakeholder model recognizes that a company has a wide range of stakeholders who have legitimate interests and expectations that need to be taken into account in decision-making processes. This model emphasizes the importance of considering the impacts of corporate actions on various stakeholders and seeks to balance the interests of all parties involved. It acknowledges that a company's success and long-term sustainability are closely linked to the well-being and satisfaction of its stakeholders, beyond just the owners or shareholders.
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Please use the financial statement and annual report You can choose a company from any country and in any industry. Ideally, it is a company that operates in an industry you have an interest in. Once you have chosen the company:
(a) Conduct an analysis of the company’s financial position and its current strategies. Then, provide a critique of its financial position and strategies. This will include identifying any opportunities, issues, and challenges the company may face arising out of their financial position and in implementing their strategies. Now, assume that you have been appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of the company you chose in (a) and are eager to bring the company to the next level in its expansionary plan either through a merger, acquisition, or hostile takeover:
(b) Choose another company that will be your potential takeover target. Justify your choice by analyzing its existing strengths, weaknesses, capabilities, and the possible benefits your company (from (a)) will gain from this takeover.
(c) Develop two different financing strategies for this takeover plan. How will each strategy impact the financial position of your company in terms of capital structure and performance? Explain which is the better strategy. Show all calculations. State all assumptions. (d) What might be the impact on the wider market, assuming this takeover is successful? This will be based on your research of both companies’ market share, reputation, and significance in the supply chain.
The company I have chosen for this analysis is Ford Motor Company. Ford is a multinational company that specializes in the production and distribution of automobiles worldwide. The company has a strong focus on the automotive industry, producing a wide range of vehicles, including cars, trucks, SUVs, and luxury vehicles, through its various subsidiaries.
Financial Position and StrategiesThe analysis of the company's financial position and strategies indicated that Ford's current strategy was focused on electric and autonomous vehicles. Although Ford has made significant progress in this area, the company is still struggling with profitability.
In 2019, Ford's revenue decreased by 6% compared to the previous year, and its net income also fell significantly. The company's liquidity and solvency ratios also showed some concerns. While the current strategies appear promising, Ford needs to focus on improving its financial position, particularly its profitability.
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Explain why an expansionary phase tends to "feed itself".
How can the media play a role in influencing the business
cycle?
The expansionary phase tends to "feed itself" due to positive feedback mechanisms. As the economy expands, it generates increased consumer spending, investment, and business profits.
This leads to higher employment levels, increased income, and improved consumer confidence. With more income and confidence, consumers are likely to spend more, further stimulating demand, investment, and economic growth. This positive cycle continues as increased economic activity fuels further expansion. The media can influence the business cycle through its coverage and reporting. Positive or negative news about the economy, such as reports on employment, inflation, or consumer sentiment, can impact public perceptions and confidence. Positive news can boost consumer and investor confidence, leading to increased spending and investment. Conversely, negative news can create uncertainty and dampen economic activity. Media coverage can shape expectations, affect consumer behavior, and influence market sentiment, thereby influencing the business cycle. However, it is important to note that media influence is one of many factors influencing the business cycle and its impact can vary depending on the overall economic conditions and other external factors.
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TRUE/FALSE. Successful leadership is used synonymously with effective leadership by psychologists. TRUE/FALSE. Fiedler suggests that the effectiveness of any single leadership style is dependent on the type of situation
TRUE/FALSE. According to psychologist Chelladurai (1993) there is no difference of preference in leadership style based on culture or sport.
TRUE. Successful leadership is used synonymously with effective leadership by psychologists.
TRUE. Fiedler suggests that the effectiveness of any single leadership style is dependent on the type of situation.
FALSE. According to psychologist Chelladurai (1993), there can be differences in preference for leadership style based on culture or sport.
Successful leadership and effective leadership are often used interchangeably by psychologists. Both terms refer to leadership that achieves desired outcomes and brings about positive results. Whether a leader is considered successful or effective is determined by their ability to influence and inspire others, accomplish goals, and create a positive impact within their respective contexts. Fiedler's Contingency Model of leadership proposes that the effectiveness of a leadership style depends on the situational context. Fiedler suggests that different leadership styles may be more effective in certain situations. For example, a task-oriented leadership style may be more effective in situations where the task is clearly defined and structured, while a relationship-oriented leadership style may be more effective in situations where maintaining good relationships and teamwork are crucial. Contrary to the statement, psychologist Chelladurai's research suggests that there can be cultural and sport-related differences in leadership style preferences. Different cultures and sports environments may have unique expectations and norms regarding leadership behaviors and styles. Factors such as cultural values, communication styles, and the nature of the sport can influence the preferred leadership style within a specific context. Therefore, it is important to consider the cultural and sport-specific factors when studying leadership and understanding the preferences and effectiveness of different leadership styles.
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Explain the concepts of: Segmentation - Targeting - Positioning, and mention the differences between terms.
1 to 2 pages maximum. Please note that your answers should be supported with examples.
Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning (STP) is a marketing strategy used by companies to differentiate their products or services and enhance their competitiveness in the market. This article provides an explanation of each of these concepts and highlights the differences between them. Segmentation is a process of dividing the market into distinct groups of consumers who have similar characteristics and needs.
The purpose of segmentation is to enable the company to develop specific marketing strategies that are tailored to the needs of each group. For instance, if a company sells clothing, it may segment the market based on age, gender, income, lifestyle, or geographic location. Once the market is segmented, the company can identify the needs and preferences of each group, and develop products that meet their needs. TargetingTargeting is a process of selecting one or more segments that the company will focus on serving. The purpose of targeting is to enable the company to allocate its resources effectively and efficiently. The company may choose to target one segment or several segments, depending on its resources and goals. For instance, if a company sells luxury cars, it may choose to target the high-income segment, while if it sells budget cars, it may target the low-income segment.PositioningPositioning is a process of developing a unique and compelling image of the product or service in the mind of the consumer. The purpose of positioning is to create a competitive advantage and distinguish the product from its competitors. For instance, if a company sells coffee, it may position its product as premium, affordable, or convenient. Once the product is positioned, the company can develop marketing strategies that reinforce the desired image and persuade the consumer to choose the product over its competitors.Differences between STP conceptsThe key differences between STP concepts are summarized as follows:Segmentation vs. TargetingSegmentation focuses on dividing the market into distinct groups, while targeting focuses on selecting one or more segments to serve.Segmentation is a broader concept that includes the process of dividing the market, while targeting is a narrower concept that focuses on the selection of a specific segment.Segmentation is a prerequisite for targeting. A company cannot select a segment to serve without first segmenting the market.Targeting vs. PositioningTargeting is a process of selecting one or more segments to serve, while positioning is a process of developing a unique image of the product in the mind of the consumer.Targeting focuses on the selection of a specific segment, while positioning focuses on the development of a unique image of the product in the mind of the consumer.Targeting is a prerequisite for positioning. A company cannot develop a unique image of the product without first selecting a specific segment to serve.Segmentation vs. PositioningSegmentation focuses on dividing the market into distinct groups, while positioning focuses on developing a unique image of the product in the mind of the consumer.Segmentation is a prerequisite for positioning. A company cannot develop a unique image of the product without first segmenting the market.Segmentation is a broader concept that includes the process of dividing the market, while positioning is a narrower concept that focuses on the development of a unique image of the product in the mind of the consumer.ExampleConsider a company that sells shoes. It may segment the market based on age, gender, income, or geographic location. If it decides to target the high-income segment, it may position its product as premium, comfortable, or fashionable. This would enable the company to develop marketing strategies that are tailored to the needs and preferences of the high-income segment and distinguish its product from its competitors.
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7. Jean Walker is making plans for spring break and has identified the activities that are necessary to prepare for her trip. a) Draw the network for this project. b) Find the critical path. Find the project completion time. c) Find the probability of finishing the project in less than 15 days (P(Z < 15) =?). d) Find the probability of this project to be completed in more than 19 days (P(Z > 19) =?). Activity Time estimates (days) Immediate Predecessor a m b A 1 3 5 B 2 7 12 C 3 4 5 A D 1 2 3 B E 2 5 8 C,D F 4 6 8 A G 2 3 4 E,F
Can you solve the question by showing a, b, c, d and graphics one by one?
a) The netwοrk diagram fοr the prοject is given in attachment.
b) The critical path is the lοngest path in terms οf duratiοn, which is A - B - F - G. The prοject cοmpletiοn time is the duratiοn οf the critical path, which is 31 days.
c) The prοbability οf finishing the prοject in less than 15 days is apprοximately 0.069.
d) The prοbability οf the prοject being cοmpleted in mοre than 19 days is apprοximately 0.146.
How tο find the critical path and prοject cοmpletiοn time?b) Tο find the critical path and prοject cοmpletiοn time, we need tο calculate the earliest start time (ES), earliest finish time (EF), latest start time (LS), and latest finish time (LF) fοr each activity.
Activity ES EF LS LF Slack
A 0 5 0 5 0
B 5 17 5 17 0
C 5 10 10 15 5
D 17 20 17 20 0
E 10 18 10 18 0
F 18 26 19 27 1
G 27 31 27 31 0
The critical path is the lοngest path in terms οf duratiοn, which is A - B - F - G. The prοject cοmpletiοn time is the duratiοn οf the critical path, which is 31 days.
c) Tο find the prοbability οf finishing the prοject in less than 15 days (P(Z < 15)), we can use the cοncept οf the nοrmal distributiοn. Since we dοn't have infοrmatiοn abοut the activity time distributiοn, we assume that it fοllοws a nοrmal distributiοn.
Using the activity time estimates, we can calculate the mean (µ) and standard deviatiοn (σ) fοr the prοject duratiοn. The mean is the sum οf the mean times fοr each activity οn the critical path, and the variance is the sum οf the variances fοr each activity οn the critical path.
Mean (µ) = 5 + 12 + 8 + 4 = 29
Variance = (3^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 3^2) = 90
Standard Deviatiοn (σ) = sqrt(90) ≈ 9.49
Tο find the prοbability, we can use the z-scοre fοrmula:
Z = (X - µ) / σ
Substituting the values, we get:
Z = (15 - 29) / 9.49 ≈ -1.48
Using a standard nοrmal distributiοn table οr calculatοr, we can find the prοbability cοrrespοnding tο the z-scοre οf -1.48. The prοbability οf finishing the prοject in less than 15 days is apprοximately 0.069.
d) Tο find the prοbability οf the prοject being cοmpleted in mοre than 19 days (P(Z > 19)), we can use the same apprοach as abοve.
Z = (19 - 29) / 9.49 ≈ -1.05
Using the standard nοrmal distributiοn table οr calculatοr, we can find the prοbability cοrrespοnding tο the z-scοre οf -1.05. The prοbability οf the prοject being cοmpleted in mοre than 19 days is apprοximately 0.146.
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suppose+you+have+$850+and+plan+to+purchase+a+5-year+certificate+of+deposit+(cd)+that+pays+3.5%+interest,+compounded+annually.+how+much+will+you+have+when+the+cd+matures?
Suppose you have $850 and you plan to purchase a 5-year certificate of deposit (CD) that pays 3.5% interest, compounded annually. To calculate the future value of the CD, we can use the formula FV = PV x (1 + r)^n, where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the values, we get FV = $850 x (1 + 0.035)^5, which equals $989.59. Therefore, you will have $989.59 when the CD matures after five years. Keep in mind that this calculation assumes that the interest rate remains constant and the interest is reinvested back into the CD. It's also important to note that CDs are FDIC-insured up to $250,000 per depositor, per institution.
If you have $850 and plan to purchase a 5-year Certificate of Deposit (CD) that pays 3.5% interest compounded annually, you can calculate the maturity value using the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt). Here, A is the maturity value, P is the principal amount ($850), r is the annual interest rate (3.5% or 0.035), n is the number of times interest is compounded per year (1 for annual compounding), and t is the number of years (5).
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The final amount that you will have when the CD matures is $1014.90 when you purchase a 5-year certificate of deposit (CD) that pays 3.5% interest, compounded annually.
Given, Amount = $850 Interest rate = 3.5%Number of years = 5 Compounding annually. We need to find the maturity value of the CD. Therefore, we can use the formula for the compound interest to find out the maturity value of the CD. Final Amount = P(1 + r/n)^(n*t) Where, P = Principal amount ($850) r = Annual nominal interest rate (3.5%) n = number of times the interest is compounded per year (1 time since compounded annually)t = number of years (5)By substituting the given values in the above formula, Final Amount = $850 (1 + 0.035/1)^(1*5)Final Amount = $850 (1.035)^5. Final Amount = $850 (1.194). Final Amount = $1014.90. Therefore, the final amount that you will have when the CD matures is $1014.90 when you purchase a 5-year certificate of deposit (CD) that pays 3.5% interest, compounded annually.
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Arbitrage makes it more difficult for firms to practice price discrimination. False True
False. Arbitrage can actually make it easier for firms to practice price discrimination.
Price discrimination refers to the practice of charging different prices to different customers for the same product or service, based on their willingness to pay. By segmenting the market and charging higher prices to customers with a higher willingness to pay, firms can increase their profits. firms can still practice price discrimination by implementing strategies to prevent or minimize arbitrage. This equalizes the prices across markets and reduces the potential for price discrimination.
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Missing Amount from an Account On July 1, the cash account balance was $38,360. During July, cash payments totaled $148,820 and the July 31 balance was $33,890. Determine the cash receipts during July
To determine the cash receipts during July, we need to calculate the change in the cash account balance.
The change in cash account balance can be calculated as follows:
Change in Cash = (Ending Balance) - (Beginning Balance + Cash Payments)
Given that the beginning balance on July 1 was $38,360, the cash payments during July totaled $148,820, and the ending balance on July 31 was $33,890, we can plug these values into the formula:
Change in Cash = $33,890 - ($38,360 + $148,820)
= $33,890 - $187,180
= -$153,290
The negative sign indicates that there was a decrease in the cash account balance during July.
Since the change in cash is negative, it means that the cash receipts during July were less than the cash payments. Therefore, there were no additional cash receipts during July, as the cash account balance decreased by $153,290.
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the+mean+of+a+normal+probability+distribution+is+500;+the+standard+deviation+is+10.+a.+about+68%+of+the+observations+lie+between+what+two+values?
A normal distribution is a probability distribution where the mean, median, and mode are equal. The standard deviation indicates the variability of a distribution. About 68% of the observations lie between 490 and 510.
It is the square root of the variance of a probability distribution. The standard deviation of the normal distribution is a measure of how far the data values are from the mean. It is also a measure of the degree of dispersion or variation of a probability distribution.
Based on the empirical rule, the following is true: Approximately 68% of data values lie within one standard deviation of the mean. Using the empirical rule, we can find the two values that bound 68% of the observations from the mean. To accomplish this, we'll start by adding and subtracting one standard deviation from the mean.μ ± σ = 500 ± 10= 490, 510.The values 490 and 510 are the two values that bound 68% of the observations from the mean. About 68% of the observations lie between 490 and 510.
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