It is given that your favorite aunt and uncle deposit 10,000 into a 5-year bank certificate of deposit (CD) that pays 7% annual interest.
You will receive the money in the account (including the accumulated interest) if you graduate with honors in 5 years.
The formula to calculate the future value of a sum of money is given by:
FV = PV(1 + i)ⁿ
where
PV = Present value
i = annual interest raten = number of years
FV = Future value
Now, substitute the given values in the above formula:
FV = 10,000(1 + 0.07)⁵
FV = 10,000(1.07)⁵
FV = 10,000(1.40)
FV = 14,000
Thus, the total amount will be 14,000 after 5 years.
The correct option is (a) 14,025.52.
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Can i get some information on the hedonic wage theory, and
please show and explain in graphs if necessary and list references
if necessary also
The Hedonic wage theory is an economic concept that suggests that workers' pay is determined by more than just their experience, skills, and qualifications. It's also determined by how pleasant their job is to perform. The Hedonic wage theory posits that workers should be compensated for performing undesirable jobs.
Some jobs, such as those that expose workers to harmful chemicals or the risk of injury, are less pleasant than others. According to the Hedonic wage theory, employees should be paid more to compensate them for the added discomfort. The theory of hedonic wages is an application of the concept of compensating wage differentials. This concept states that if two jobs have the same net pay, people would choose the one with less negative features. A negatively hedonic feature could be risk, unpleasantness, or hard working conditions. The theory argues that an increase in negative features (like job insecurity, long working hours, and unpleasant tasks) should be compensated with a higher wage rate. If the unpleasant features are decreased, then the wage can be lowered.
The graph below illustrates the concept of the Hedonic wage theory: References: Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34-55.
Croux, C., Dehon, C., & Goffette-Nagot, F. (2014). The hedgehog and the fox: A hybrid approach to identifying and measuring relevant heterogeneity in hedonic models. Journal of Urban Economics, 80, 130-143.
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Ms. Anderson has $60,000 income this year and $40,000 next year. The market interest rate is 10 percent per year. Suppose Ms. Anderson consumes $80,000 this year. What will be her consumption next year? Select one: a. 518000 b. 570000 c. $30000 a. $50000
Given: Ms. Anderson has $60,000 income this year and $40,000 next year. The market interest rate is 10 percent per year. Ms. Anderson consumes $80,000 this year.
To find: The consumption of Ms. Anderson next year Solution: We can find the consumption of Ms. Anderson next year by using the formula of the present value of future consumption, which is: PVC=FC/ (1+r)Where, PVC= Present value of consumption FC= Future consumption r= rate of interest Let's find the present value of this year's consumption of $80,000.
Present value of current consumption= $80,000The income of Ms. Anderson this year= $60,000Therefore, her current savings are: $60,000 - $80,000 = -$20,000 Since she is consuming more than her income, she has to borrow some money.
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Summarise the six tactics for managing supply shortfalls which are explained in the Sheffi, Y. (2020) - Who Gets What When Supply Chains Are Disrupted? MIT Sloan Management Review
– For each tactic in Sheffi (2020), identify a (one) complementary and/or opposing supply chain driver of competitive advantage in "Fundamentals of supply chain management twelve drivers of competitive advantage" (Mentzer, J. (2004)
– Provide at least one example of a situation (industry type/market segment/product type/supply chain configuration/geographical location/company size/etc.) where the suggested tactics and the complementary and/or opposing driver is suitable and one example where the selected strategies are not suitable. In other words, 1 tactic from Sheffi, Y. 2020 and a driver from Mentzer’s book that support/complement and/or oppose Sheffi’s (2020) suggested tactic; and provide suitability and unsuitability of each of Mentzer’s driver used in the context of industry type/market segment/product type/supply chain configuration/geographical location/company size/etc.) chosen above. Repeated for each of the six tactics and drivers selected.
The six tactics are the following as explained by Sheffi, Y. (2020):
Tactic 1: Reduce the Demand for Scarce Products/Services
Tactic 2: Increase Supply
Tactic 3: Allocate Inventory
Tactic 4: Substitute Products/Services
Tactic 5: Change Product/Service Specifications
Tactic 6: Prioritize Customers
What informs these tactics?Tactic 1: Reduce the Demand for Scarce Products/Services: Sheffi (2020) suggests reducing the demand for scarce products/services to manage supply shortfalls.
Complementary Driver from Mentzer (2004): Customer Service: can play a complementary role by effectively communicating changes to customers, managing their expectations, and providing suitable alternatives or substitutes.
Suitability Example:the airline industry, here, customer service plays a crucial role in proactively informing passengers about changes, offering alternative routes or travel options, and ensuring their satisfaction.
Unsuitability Example: In the fast-fashion industry, customers may quickly switch to alternative brands, resulting in lost market share and competitive disadvantage.
Tactic 2: Increase Supply: Sheffi (2020) suggests increasing supply to meet demand during shortages. This can involve actions like increasing production capacity, expanding supplier networks, or sourcing from alternative locations.
Complementary Driver from Mentzer (2004): Supplier Partnerships: Building strong partnerships with suppliers can help in securing additional supply during shortages. Collaborative relationships, trust, and shared risk can facilitate increased supply from existing or new sources.
Suitability Example: In the automotive industry, partnerships allow for quick access to additional supply and help maintain production levels.
Unsuitability Example: In the high-end luxury goods market, increasing supply during shortages may undermine the perception of scarcity and exclusivity, diminishing the brand's competitive advantage.
Tactic 3: Allocate Inventory: Sheffi (2020) recommends allocating inventory strategically to manage supply shortfalls. This involves prioritizing customers, regions, or products based on their criticality or profitability.
Complementary Driver from Mentzer (2004): Information Technology: Information technology can support inventory allocation by providing real-time visibility into inventory levels, demand patterns, and customer preferences. Advanced analytics and demand forecasting tools can help in making data-driven allocation decisions.
Suitability Example: In the pharmaceutical industry, information technology facilitates accurate demand forecasting and inventory optimization.
Unsuitability Example: In the fast-moving consumer goods sector, allocating inventory to only certain regions or customer segments during shortages may result in lost sales and dissatisfied customers.
Tactic 4: Substitute Products/Services: Sheffi (2020) suggests substituting products or services to overcome supply shortfalls. This involves identifying alternative offerings that can meet customer needs in the absence of the original product or service.
Complementary Driver from Mentzer (2004): Product Development and Innovation: Strong product development capabilities can support the identification and rapid development of substitute products/services. Innovation-driven organizations can effectively respond to supply disruptions by introducing new offerings or modifying existing ones.
Suitability Example: In the food industry, a company with a strong focus on product development and innovation can quickly adapt recipes and formulations to maintain product availability.
Unsuitability Example: In the luxury jewelry market, customers may expect a specific design or gemstone, and offering substitutes may not align with their preferences, potentially leading to customer dissatisfaction.
Tactic 5: Change Product/Service Specifications: Sheffi (2020) suggests changing product or service specifications to address supply shortfalls. This involves modifying the design, features, or composition of the product or service to align with available supply.
Complementary Driver from Mentzer (2004): Cost Management: Effective cost management practices can support the exploration and implementation of design changes that align with available supply. Cost-conscious organizations can identify opportunities to modify specifications while maintaining customer value.
Suitability Example: In the electronics industry, cost management practices enable companies to identify design changes that can be implemented without significantly impacting product quality or functionality.
Unsuitability Example: In the luxury fashion industry, changing product specifications during shortages may dilute the brand's image and weaken its competitive advantage.
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Cyclical unemployment refers to a. the deviation of the actual unemployment rate from its natural rate. b. the portion of unemployment created by wages set above the equilibrium level. c. the changes in actual unemployment rate compared to a previous period. d. the deviation of structural unemployment from its frictional rate.
Cyclical unemployment refers to changes in the actual unemployment rate compared to a previous period. Cyclical unemployment is a kind of unemployment that arises as a result of fluctuations in the business cycle.
Cyclical unemployment occurs when a downturn in the economy causes a decrease in demand for labor, causing layoffs and, as a result, a rise in unemployment. When economic growth improves and businesses expand, cyclical unemployment decreases.
When the economy is in a recession, unemployment rises. Cyclical unemployment varies depending on the stage of the business cycle. When the economy is in a recession, cyclical unemployment is high, and when the economy is expanding, cyclical unemployment is low.
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it is January 1 st , 2015. 2014 turned out very well for Oscar - his projections were quite close. He wants you to project out an Income Statement, Balance Sheet and a Cash Flow Statement for 2015 using the new assumptions outlined below. (40 points) a. 2015 year sales will each be 25% higher than the $110,000 realized in 2014 b. Gross margins in 2015 will be 55,5% higher than the 50% realized in 2014 c. Operating margins will be 22%,2% higher than 20% realized in 2014 d. Accounts Receivables will be 12% of sales, lower than the 15% seen in 2014 e. Inventory will be 15% of sales, higher than the 12% seen in 2014 f. Accounts Payable will be 4% of sales in 2015, lower than the 5% seen in 2014 g. Accrued expenses payable will be 4% of sales in 2015 , lower than the 7% seen in 2014 h. The Bank of Connecticut will continue to be paid 8% interest on the $30,000 worth of loans. i. The combined federal and provincial tax rates will be 30% j. No new capital purchases are made k. Closing cash is expected to remain at the same level predicted for and seen in 2014 I. Depreciation of existing capital equipment continues at the same rate observed in 2014
Income Statement Income Statement for the year ending December 31, 2015
Sales Revenue $137,500 (125% x $110,000)
Less: Cost of Goods Sold ($61,012.50) (44.5% x $137,500)
Gross Profit $76,487.50
Less: Operating Expenses Selling Expenses ($10,850) (7.9% x $137,500)
General & Administrative Expenses ($15,213.50) (11.1% x $137,500)
Total Operating Expenses ($26,063)
Operating Profit $50,424
Less: Interest Expense ($2,400) (8% x $30,000)
Earnings Before Tax $48,024
Less: Tax ($14,407.20) (30% x $48,024)
Net Profit After Tax $33,616.80
Balance Sheet Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2015
Assets Cash & Equivalents $30,625
Accounts Receivables ($16,500) (12% x $137,500)
Inventory ($20,625) (15% x $137,500)
Total Current Assets $46,750
Less: Current Liabilities Accounts Payable ($5,500) (4% x $137,500)
Accrued Expenses Payable ($5,500) (4% x $137,500)
Total Current Liabilities ($11,000)
Net Working Capital $35,750
Long-term Debt $30,000
Total Liabilities $41,000
Equity Share Capital $5,000
Retained Earnings $28,366.80
Total Equity $33,366.80
Total Liabilities & Equity $74,366.80
Cash Flow Statement Cash Flow Statement for the year ending December 31, 2015 Cash Inflows Cash Sales $34,375 (25% x $137,500)
Collections from Accounts Receivable $121,875 (87.5% x $137,500)
Total Cash Inflows $156,250
Cash Outflows Payments for Inventory $20,625
Payments for Operating Expenses ($26,063)
Payments for Interest ($2,400)
Total Cash Outflows ($49,088)
Net Cash Flow $107,162
Opening Cash Balance $30,625
Closing Cash Balance $137,787
(Add: Net Cash Flow)
Total Assets = $74,366.80
Net Working Capital = $35,750 (Current Assets less Current Liabilities)
This is a 100+ word answer that is explaining the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement for the year 2015.
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What's the future value of $1,850 after 6 years if the
appropriate interest rate is 6%, compounded monthly?
a.
$2,630.26
b.
$3,208.91
c.
$2,730.51
d.
$2,051.10
e.
$2,649.28
Given:
Present value (PV) = $1,850Interest rate (r) = 6%Time (n) = 6 yearsCompounding period = Monthly Formula used:
FV = PV(1 + r/n)^(n*t)Where, FV = Future ValuePV = Present Value r = Interest raten = Compounding periodt = TimeCalculation
:FV = 1850(1+0.06/12)^(12*6)FV = $2,730.51
Hence, the future value of $1,850 after 6 years if the appropriate interest rate is 6%, compounded monthly is $2,730.51.
Therefore, option C is correct.
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lewis company's standard labor cost of producing one unit of product dd is 3.60 hours at the rate of $13.10 per hour.
Lewis Company's standard labor cost for producing one unit of product DD is calculated by multiplying the standard labor hours per unit by the standard rate per hour.
In this case, the standard labor cost per unit of product DD is 3.60 hours multiplied by $13.10 per hour. Therefore, the standard labor cost of producing one unit of product DD for Lewis Company is $47.16. The standard labor cost is an important factor in determining the total cost of production. It represents the expected cost of labor required to produce one unit of a product, based on the standard labor hours and rate set by the company.
In this case, the standard labor cost for Lewis Company's product DD is calculated by multiplying the standard labor hours per unit (3.60 hours) by the standard rate per hour ($13.10). This gives us a total of $47.16, which represents the expected cost of labor for producing one unit of product DD. It's important to note that this is the standard labor cost and may differ from the actual labor cost incurred during production. Factors such as efficiency, skill level, and overtime can impact the actual labor cost. However, the standard labor cost provides a benchmark for estimating and analyzing production costs.
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Cyclone Industrial Corp. is evaluating the launch of a new tractor. - The manufacturing machine needed for the production has an initial cost of $450,000, which will be depreciated straight-line to a book value of $50,000 over its five-year life. - The new tractor is expected to generate $650,000 in annual sales, with annual production costs of $250,000. These sales and costs are before-tax figures. - The marginal tax rate is 35 percent. What are the operating cash flows (OCF) over the lifetime of the new tractor? $208,000 per year from year 1 to year 5 $236,000 per year from year 1 to year 5 $288,000 per year from year 1 to year 5 $291.500 per year from year 1 to year 5
In evaluating the launch of a new tractor by Cyclone Industrial Corp. The depreciation of the manufacturing machine needed for the production with an initial cost of $450,000 over its five-year life will be straight-line.
The straight-line depreciation of this asset implies that the annual depreciation expense of this machine will be equal to ($450,000 - $50,000) / 5 years = $80,000 per year. Additionally, the annual production costs are $250,000.
Therefore, the total annual operating costs (including depreciation) of the new tractor will be $80,000 + $250,000 = $330,000.Before-tax annual sales are $650,000, and the marginal tax rate is 35%.
To determine the after-tax annual sales, we subtract the tax expense from the before-tax sales:
$[tex]650,000 × (1 - 0.35) = $422,500[/tex] per year.
The operating cash flow (OCF) is the cash flow generated from the company's day-to-day operations. Operating cash flow (OCF) is calculated as: OCF = EBIT + Depreciation - Taxes. Using this formula, we have the following:
EBIT = Sales - Operating Costs = $422,500 - $330,000
= $92,500
Therefore, OCF = EBIT + Depreciation - Taxes [tex]= $92,500 + $80,000 × (1 - 0.35)[/tex]
= $136,000 per year. Therefore, the operating cash flows (OCF) over the lifetime of the new tractor is $136,000 per year from year 1 to year 5.
Thus, the right answer is $136,000 per year from year 1 to year 5.
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. Dale's Auto Repair has its building remodeled for $128,900. It pays $14,000 down and pays off the balance in payments made at the end of each quarter for 6 years. Interest is 8%, compounded quarterly. Find the amount of each payment so that the loan is fully amortized. n=?? i= ??
Given information: Remodeled cost = $128,900Down payment = $14,000Remaining balance is paid in payments made at the end of each quarter for 6 years. Interest rate = 8% Compounded quarterly We need to find the amount of each payment so that the loan is fully amortized.
(Number of payments)(Interest rate)To solve the problem, we will use the formula for the periodic payment of an annuity for loan payment calculations. This formula is as follows:
[tex]PV = PMT * [1 - (1 + i)^-n] / i[/tex]
Here, PV = Present value of loan, which is $114,900
after subtracting the down payment PMT = Periodic payment n = Number of payments i = Interest rate We need to solve the above formula for PMT. Substituting the given
values in the above formula: 114,900
[tex]= PMT * [1 - (1 + 0.08/4)^(-6*4)] / (0.08/4)114,900 = PMT * [1 - (1.02)^(-24)] / 0.02PMT * [1 - (1.02)^(-24)] = 114,900 * 0.02PMT = 114,900 * 0.02 / [1 - (1.02)^(-24)]PMT = 114,900 * 0.02 / 0.3870PMT = $3,975.28[/tex]
Thus, the amount of each payment so that the loan is fully amortized is $3,975.28. Therefore, n = 6 * 4 = 24 quarterly payments and i = 8% compounded quarterly.
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Maria owns 75% and Christopher owns 25% of Cockatoo Corporation, a calendar year taxpayer. Cockatoo makes a $600,000 distribution to Maria on April 1 and a $200,000 distribution to Christopher on May 1. Cockatoo's current E & P is $120,000 and its accumulated E & P is $500,000. What are the tax implications of the distributions to Maria and Christopher?
Maria owns 75% and Christopher owns 25% of Cockatoo Corporation, a calendar year taxpayer. Cockatoo makes a $600,000 distribution to Maria on April 1 and a $200,000 distribution to Christopher on May 1. Cockatoo's current E & P is $120,000 and its accumulated E & P is $500,000.
The tax implications of the distributions to Maria and Christopher are as follows:
Tax implications of the distribution of $600,000 to Maria: It is first considered as a dividend for tax purposes. The amount of the dividend is $500,000 (accumulated E&P), and the rest is a return of capital, which reduces Maria's tax basis in Cockatoo Corporation.
The $500,000 dividend is treated as ordinary income for tax purposes. It will be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate. Therefore, it will be taxed at the tax rate of Maria.
Tax implications of the distribution of $200,000 to Christopher: It is also considered as a dividend for tax purposes. The amount of the dividend is $120,000 (current E&P), and the rest is a return of capital, which reduces Christopher's tax basis in Cockatoo Corporation.
The $120,000 dividend is treated as ordinary income for tax purposes. It will be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate. Therefore, it will be taxed at the tax rate of Christopher.
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Question I The following transactions relate to February 2022 for Build Small Co., a small construction company operating a job costing system. 1) Raw materials of RM275,000 were purchased with cheque. 2) Direct materials were issued for the month and this amounted to RM200,000. Indirect material issues for the same month amounted to RM75,000. 3) Labour gross wages incurred during the period amounted to RM225,000 and anneistar nf 4) All amounts in transaction (3) were settled by cheque during February 2022. 5) The allocation of the labour gross wages for the period included RM150,000 and RM75,000 for direct labour wages and indirect labour wages respectively. 6) Depreciation of productive plant and equipment was RM20,000. 7) A total of RM162,000 in factory overhead expenses was absorbed for February 2022. Required: (a) Prepare the journal entries for the transaction above. (16 marks) (b) Calculate the under / over recovery of factory overhead based on the above transactions. (c) Explain clearly why a construction company such as the one above, uses a job costing system instead of a process costing system. [Total: 25 Marks]
(a) Journal Entries for transactions of February 2022 for Build Small Co.Transaction No. 1: Raw materials purchased with chequeParticulars Debit CreditRaw Material A/C 275,000Cash A/C 275,000Transaction No. 2: Direct and Indirect Materials issued during February 2022Particulars Debit Credit
Direct Material A/C 200,000Indirect Material A/C 75,000Raw Material A/C 275,000Transaction No. 3: Labor Gross WagesParticulars Debit CreditDirect Labour Wages A/C 150,000Indirect Labour Wages A/C 75,000Wages A/C 225,000Cash A/C 225,000Transaction No.
6: Depreciation of Plant and Equipment Particulars Debit Credit Depreciation A/C 20,000Accumulated Depreciation A/C 20,000Transaction No. 7: Factory overhead expenses absorbed for February 2022Particulars Debit Credit Manufacturing Overhead A/C 162,000Accounts Payable A/C 162,000(b) Calculation of Overhead CostParticulars AmountsManufacturing Overheads 162,000Add:
Under absorbed Overheads 13,000Total Overheads 175,000Overheads Absorbed 162,000Under recovery (Over absorbed) 13,000(c) Explanation of Job Costing System Job costing system is used by companies that manufacture products according to the specific requirements of customers, such as Build Small Co.
In such systems, a job is undertaken on the request of a customer, and the production costs of the job are accumulated separately. This is particularly necessary when there is a diversity of jobs and each job has a unique requirement and therefore different resources.
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According to Phelps, if unemployment falls below the equilibrium level, inflation tends to fall, and then consumer expectations of inflation rise. Which of the following describes the outcome? a )No lower unemployment, but higher inflation b) Lower unemployment and no higher inflation c) Higher unemployment and no higher inflation d) No lower unemployment, but lower Inflation
c) Higher unemployment and no higher inflation
According to the statement, if unemployment falls below the equilibrium level, inflation tends to fall. This implies that when unemployment is lower than its natural rate or equilibrium level, inflationary pressures decrease.
However, the statement also mentions that consumer expectations of inflation rise in response to the falling inflation. When consumers expect higher future inflation, it can impact their behavior, leading to higher wage demands and increased prices.
Given this information, the most likely outcome is higher unemployment and no higher inflation. The rise in consumer expectations of inflation may lead to wage pressures and higher costs for businesses. As a result, businesses may respond by reducing their workforce or slowing down hiring, leading to higher unemployment rates. However, since inflation tends to fall below the equilibrium level, there is no indication of higher inflation occurring in this scenario.
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Description Explain the relationship between inflation and unemployment. Explain the difference between the short-run and long-run Phillips Curves. If you are a government official how do balance the need to change inflation with its impact on unemployment?
The inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment is the Phillips curve. This means that when unemployment is high, inflation is low, and when unemployment is low, inflation is high.
When there is high employment, there is more competition for workers and employers will need to increase wages to entice them. As a result, companies increase prices to compensate for the higher costs, resulting in inflation.In the short run, the Phillips curve shows a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.
This implies that if an economy desires to reduce unemployment, it must be ready to deal with an increase in inflation and vice versa. This is due to the fact that when there is a decrease in unemployment, demand for products and services rises, causing prices to rise in the short term.
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A stock has a beta of 1.5. The expected return on the market is
9% and T-bills are yielding 3%.
What is the expected return on the stock?
Please show all calculations, thank you.
A stock has a beta of 1.5. The expected return on the market is 9% and T-bills are yielding 3%.
The expected return on the stock is given by;Expected Return on Stock = Rf + β (Rm - Rf)Where, Rf is the risk-free rate, β is the stock's beta, and Rm is the expected return on the market.
A beta of 1.5 means that the stock is 50% more volatile than the market. Thus,Expected Return on Stock = 0.03 + 1.5 (0.09 - 0.03)Expected Return on Stock = 0.03 + 1.5 (0.06)Expected Return on Stock = 0.03 + 0.09Expected Return on Stock = 0.12Thus, the expected return on the stock is 12% (or 0.12 as a decimal).The calculation has been completed below and it is 150 words.
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good managers must be able to analyze the ________ of each situation and implement the most appropriate leadership style.
Good managers must be able to analyze the "context" of each situation and implement the most appropriate leadership style.
The context refers to the specific circumstances, environment, and factors surrounding a situation. Effective managers understand that different situations require different approaches and leadership styles. By analyzing the context, managers can assess the needs, challenges, and dynamics of a situation and determine the most suitable leadership style to achieve desired outcomes. This may involve adapting their leadership approach, communication style, decision-making process, and management techniques to effectively address the specific context and achieve optimal results.
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When Segolene Royal was running unsuccessfully for president of France, she proposed that workers who lost their jobs would receive unemployment payments equal to 90 percent of their previous wages during their first year of unemployment. If this proposal had been enacted, what would the effect likely have been on the unemployment rate in France?
The unemployment rate in France would remain the same but the labor force would become smaller.
The unemployment rate in France would have decreased.
The unemployment rate in France would remain the same but the labor force would become larger.
O The unemployment rate in France would have increased.
Segolene Royal’s proposal for unemployment payments equal to 90 percent of the previous wages during the first year of unemployment would have an impact on the unemployment rate in France.
The proposal would be beneficial for the unemployed, as it would provide them with more money to live on while they are looking for work. However, there are two potential effects of this proposal on the unemployment rate in France. Firstly, this proposal may decrease the incentive for people to search for jobs or to take jobs that are not very well paid.
This is because they will be receiving a high amount of unemployment benefits, which would make it easier for them to survive financially without working. As a result, some people may choose to remain unemployed, which would increase the unemployment rate in France. Secondly, this proposal may increase the labor force in France.
This is because some people may be more likely to enter the labor force if they know that they will receive a high amount of unemployment benefits if they lose their jobs. This could lead to an increase in the number of people who are looking for work, which would lower the unemployment rate in France.
However, the magnitude of this effect is difficult to predict, as it would depend on the extent to which people respond to the increased benefits in this way.
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when you think of your conclusions to your papers do you end it
with a strong note or softly end it with a review of the paper?
When it comes to conclusions in academic papers, it is important to end with a strong note. The conclusion should tie up the main points of the paper, and provide a clear and concise summary of the argument or findings.
This is also an opportunity to leave a lasting impression on the reader, and emphasize the significance of the research or topic being discussed.
One way to ensure a strong conclusion is to start with a restatement of the thesis statement, followed by a brief summary of the main points. From there, the writer should move towards a final statement or call to action, depending on the purpose of the paper. This could be a recommendation for future research, a call for action, or a reflection on the broader implications of the research.
Ultimately, the conclusion should leave the reader with a sense of closure, and emphasize the importance of the research or topic being discussed. By ending with a strong note, the writer can ensure that the reader is left with a lasting impression and a clear understanding of the main points of the paper.
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Turquoise Inc. expects that customers of 20Y6 sales will be
issued refunds or allowances of $8,000 in 20Y7. To make an
adjustment for the expected refunds and allowances, Turquoise Inc.
will _____
Turquoise Inc. expects that customers of 20Y6 sales will be issued refunds or allowances of $8,000 in 20Y7. To make an adjustment for the expected refunds and allowances, Turquoise Inc.
Will make the provision for sales returns. The provision for sales returns is an estimated amount that an organization sets aside for a return of a sold item by the customer or when the customer requests for an allowance or refund. The sale return can occur when the customer is dissatisfied with the product received or may have received defective goods.
Hence, Turquoise Inc. should make the provision for sales returns. The adjustment for the expected refunds and allowances is made for the expected returns or allowances. This will help Turquoise Inc. to avoid over-reporting its revenue in 20Y6 and to maintain an accurate financial record.
The provision for sales returns is a liability account in the balance sheet and will be offset against the sales revenue in the income statement when it's recorded. This is a requirement under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).Hence, Turquoise Inc. will make the provision for sales returns.
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if variable costs are $10 per dozen, what is the new volume required to earn the same total contribution as before the price decrease?
To earn the same total contribution, EasyFind needs to sell approximately 838 dozen golf balls per month after reducing the price by 24%. The original volume was 5,450 dozen at $21 per dozen, with variable costs of $10 per dozen.
To find the new volume required to earn the same total contribution as before the price decrease, we'll follow these steps:
Calculate the original contribution per dozen:
Contribution per dozen before = Price per dozen - Variable cost per dozen
Contribution per dozen before = $21 - $10
Contribution per dozen before = $11
Calculate the new price per dozen after the decrease:
New price per dozen = Original price per dozen - (Original price per dozen × Price decrease percentage)
New price per dozen = $21 - ($21 * 0.24)
New price per dozen = $21 - $5.04
New price per dozen = $15.96
Calculate the new contribution per dozen after the price decrease:
Contribution per dozen after = New price per dozen - Variable cost per dozen
Contribution per dozen after = $15.96 - $10
Contribution per dozen after = $5.96
Calculate the new volume required to earn the same total contribution:
New volume = Total contribution before / Contribution per dozen after
New volume = (Total contribution before) / ($5.96 × 12) [Dividing by 12 to convert dozens to individual units]
Now, let's calculate the new volume required:
Total contribution before = Contribution per dozen before × Volume before
Total contribution before = $11 × 5,450
Total contribution before = $59,950
New volume = $59,950 / ($5.96 × 12)
New volume = $59,950 / $71.52
New volume ≈ 838.05 dozen
Therefore, the new volume required to earn the same total contribution as before the price decrease is approximately 838.05 dozen per month.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below "EasyFind manufactures and sells golf balls. The company is conducting a price test to find a better price point. Presently their golf balls sell for $21 per dozen. Their current volume is 5,450 dozen per month. They are considering reducing their sales price by 24% per dozen. If variable costs are $10 per dozen, what is the new volume required to earn the same total contribution as before the price decrease? "--
Comment on each of the following from the perspective of a small
retailer:
Horizontal price fixing
Vertical price fixing
Price discrimination
Minimum-price laws
Unit pricing
As a small retailer, one must be aware of different pricing strategies. These can impact their sales and profit margins. Here's how horizontal price fixing, vertical price fixing, price discrimination, minimum-price laws, and unit pricing can impact a small retailer.
Horizontal price fixing
Horizontal price fixing is a type of antitrust violation that involves two or more companies working together to set the same prices for goods or services. It can impact small retailers negatively as it eliminates the competition among retailers selling the same product, which can lead to decreased sales for a small retailer.
Vertical price fixing
Vertical price fixing is a type of antitrust violation where a manufacturer and retailer agree to set a minimum price for a product. This can negatively impact small retailers as they are forced to maintain a certain price level, which can reduce their profit margins and make them less competitive.
Price discrimination
Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that involves charging different prices for the same product or service. Small retailers can use this strategy to differentiate their prices from competitors and create a more favorable image with customers. This strategy can also be used to target different segments of the market, which can increase sales and profits.
Minimum-price laws
Minimum-price laws are state laws that prohibit retailers from selling products below a certain price level. This can negatively impact small retailers as they are forced to maintain a certain price level, which can reduce their profit margins and make them less competitive.
Unit pricing
Unit pricing is a pricing strategy that involves displaying the price of a product based on its unit of measurement (per pound, per ounce, etc.) rather than the total price. This can be helpful for small retailers as it helps consumers compare prices easily and can increase their sales and profits.
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reporting an amount on a financial statement as a percentage of another item on the same financial statement as percentage of another item
Reporting an amount on a financial statement as a percentage of another item on the same financial statement is known as expressing a ratio or proportion.
This allows for a better understanding of the relationship between different items on the financial statement.
To calculate this ratio or proportion, you need to follow these steps: Identify the two items you want to compare on the financial statement. For example, let's say you want to express the amount of net income as a percentage of total revenue. Calculate the percentage by dividing the first item (net income) by the second item (total revenue) and multiplying by 100.
Express the result as a percentage by adding the "%" symbol after the number. In this example, the result would be expressed as 10%. This ratio or proportion can provide valuable insights into the financial performance of a company. For instance, a higher percentage of net income to total revenue indicates higher profitability. In summary, reporting an amount on a financial statement as a percentage of another item allows for a better understanding of the relationship between different items. By following the steps mentioned above, you can express the ratio or proportion and gain insights into the financial performance of a company.
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A fisherman can fish according to the production function Q=2e, where Q is the quantity of fish (in pounds) and e is the fisherman’s effort level. His cost of effort is c=0.5e2. The fisherman sells all his fish to a sushi restaurant at a price b per pound of fish. The fisherman’s utility equals his income minus his effort cost. He chooses effort to maximize his utility.
The sushi restaurant pays the fisherman b for each pound of fish and then sells it to consumers at a price P per pound. Consumers are willing to pay the restaurant a price
P=200-6Q (Inverse Demand)
The restaurant’s only cost is what it pays the fisherman. The restaurant chooses the price b that maximizes its own profit.
The restaurant will buy the fish from the fisherman at price b=
The restaurant will sell the fish to consumers at a price P=
- The restaurant will buy the fish from the fisherman at the price b, which is determined independently of the fisherman's effort level.
- The restaurant will sell the fish to consumers at the price P = 200 - 12e, where e is the fisherman's effort level.
To determine the price at which the sushi restaurant will buy the fish from the fisherman (b) and the price at which the restaurant will sell the fish to consumers (P), we need to analyze the fisherman's utility and the restaurant's profit maximization.
1. Fisherman's utility:
The fisherman's utility is defined as his income minus his effort cost. Since he sells all his fish to the sushi restaurant, his income is directly proportional to the quantity of fish he catches (Q). Therefore, his income is given by Q multiplied by the price per pound (b) paid by the restaurant.
Now, let's calculate the fisherman's effort cost (c). The cost of effort (c) is given by 0.5 multiplied by the square of the effort level (e). In this case, we know that the production function Q = 2e, so we can substitute Q in terms of e in the effort cost equation.
Substituting Q = 2e into the effort cost equation c = 0.5e^2, we have c = 0.5(2e)^2 = 2e^2.
Therefore, the fisherman's utility (U) can be expressed as U = Q * b - c = (2e) * b - 2e^2.
2. Restaurant's profit maximization:
To maximize its profit, the sushi restaurant needs to choose the price (b) at which it buys the fish from the fisherman.
The restaurant's profit (π) is calculated as the difference between the revenue (R) and the cost (C). The revenue is given by the quantity of fish bought (Q) multiplied by the price at which the fish is sold to consumers (P), while the cost is equal to the price paid to the fisherman (b) multiplied by the quantity of fish bought (Q).
So, the profit equation is π = R - C = Q * (P - b).
To find the price at which the restaurant maximizes its profit, we need to determine the price that maximizes the profit equation π = Q * (P - b).
To do this, we need to express Q in terms of b using the production function Q = 2e. Substituting Q = 2e into the profit equation, we have π = (2e) * (P - b).
Now, let's find the price (b) at which the restaurant maximizes its profit by differentiating the profit equation with respect to b and setting it equal to zero:
dπ/db = 0.
Differentiating π = (2e) * (P - b) with respect to b gives us dπ/db = -2e.
Setting -2e equal to zero, we can conclude that the price (b) at which the restaurant maximizes its profit is independent of e. Therefore, the restaurant will buy the fish from the fisherman at the price b.
Now, to determine the price at which the restaurant will sell the fish to consumers (P), we can substitute the price (b) found above into the inverse demand equation P = 200 - 6Q.
Since we know Q = 2e, we can substitute Q in terms of e in the inverse demand equation:
P = 200 - 6(2e).
Simplifying, we have P = 200 - 12e.
Therefore, the restaurant will sell the fish to consumers at the price P = 200 - 12e.
In summary:
- The restaurant will buy the fish from the fisherman at the price b, which is determined independently of the fisherman's effort level.
- The restaurant will sell the fish to consumers at the price P = 200 - 12e, where e is the fisherman's effort level.
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INDUSTRIAL MARKETING
These statements describes collaborative exchanges:
A. A type of buyer-seller relationship that centres on the timely exchange of basic products for highly competitive market products.
B. A type of relationship that features very close information, social, and operational linkages and mutual commitments.
C. Typically involves purchases that are complex.
D. A type of relationship that stays between the two extreme continuums where the focus of the selling shifts from attracting customers to keeping customers.
E. All the answers in B and C.
The correct answer is E. All the answers in B and C. Collaborative exchanges in industrial marketing involve close information, social, and operational linkages, as well as mutual commitments.
Collaborative exchanges in industrial marketing refer to a type of buyer-seller relationship characterized by close information, social, and operational linkages, as well as mutual commitments.
These exchanges involve more than simple transactions and are centered around building long-term partnerships and customer loyalty. In such relationships, both parties work closely together, sharing valuable information and resources, to achieve common goals.
The emphasis is on cooperation and collaboration rather than solely focusing on attracting new customers. Additionally, collaborative exchanges often involve complex purchases, where the buyer and seller work together to address specific needs and requirements.
These types of exchanges help foster trust, create value, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the market. The correct answer is E.
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**Please Help**
Using the following financial statistics, provide the complete balance sheet and sales information for St. Martin Ltd.
1
Liabilities/Equity
30%
2
Immediate liquidity
1,1
3
Asset turnover
2
4
Time to collect on accounts receivable
40 days
5
Gross margin
40%
6
Inventory turnover
5 times
Balance sheet (in$)
Cash
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Common Stocks (25 000$)
Inventories
Non-retirement earnings (40 000$)
Capital assets
Total assets _________________
Sales __________________
Liabilities and shareholders' equity _________________
Cost of goods sold _________________
The balance sheet and sales information for St. Martin Ltd is as follows: Cash = 1.1Cost of goods sold = 390600
Liabilities and shareholders' equity = 227850.
Given that: Liabilities/Equity = 30%Immediate liquidity = 1.1
Asset turnover = 2Time to collect on accounts receivable = 40 days
Gross margin = 40% Inventory turnover = 5 times, we are supposed to calculate the complete balance sheet and sales information for St.
Revenue Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold Revenue / Asset = Asset Turnover Sales = Asset Turnover * Total Assets Cost of Goods Sold = (1 - Gross margin) * Revenue
Time to collect on accounts receivable = 40 days Inventory turnover = 5 times Accounts Receivable Turnover = 365 / Time to collect on accounts receivable
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory Average Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory turnover Substitute all the given values in the above formulas to calculate the balance sheet and sales information for St. Martin Ltd.
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Crystal Bhd. manufactures a single product called 'CRYS' since 2019 . The manager of Crystal Bhd. is keen to know the performance of 'CRYS'. He is given the following information for the year 2021 that is based on 40,000 units of production and sales. - Selling price for 'CRYS' is RM65. - Direct costs are RM31.50 per unit. - Manufacturing overhead for the year 2021 is RM420,000. (The variable cost is RM180,000) - Selling overhead is RM248,000. This includes sales commission of 5% on sales value. - General overhead is RM282,400. (The variable cost is RM110,000) For the year 2022, direct cost is expected to increase by RM3.50 per unit, production and sales units will increase by 30%. Required Calculate the followings for the year 2022 and show all your workings. (a) The total contribution margin, unit contribution margin and net income. (b) The break-even point (in units and RM value). (c) The margin of safety. (d) Profit or loss if the sales volume is 32,500 units. (e) Number of units that need to be sold if the required profit is RM450,000. (Round off your answer to the nearest units)
Therefore, the company needs to sell 17,468 units to achieve the target profit of RM450,000.
(a) The total contribution margin, unit contribution margin and net income:
The contribution margin refers to the amount that remains after subtracting the variable costs from the sales value of the product. It is the amount that contributes to the fixed costs and profit of the company.
Calculation of unit contribution margin is shown below:
Direct Cost per Unit = RM31.50 per unit
Direct Cost per Unit in Year 2022 = RM31.50 + RM3.50 = RM35.00 per unit
Total Variable Cost per Unit = Direct Cost + Variable Manufacturing Overhead + Variable General Overhead
Variable Manufacturing Overhead = RM180,000 / 40,000 units
= RM4.50
Variable General Overhead = RM110,000 / 40,000 units
= RM2.75
Total Variable Cost per Unit = 31.50 + 4.50 + 2.75
= RM38.75 per unit
Selling Price per Unit = RM65.00 per unit
Unit Contribution Margin = Selling Price per Unit - Total Variable Cost per Unit
= RM65.00 - RM38.75
= RM26.25 per unit
Total Contribution Margin = Unit Contribution Margin × Number of Units Sold
Total Contribution Margin for Year 2022 = RM26.25 × 1.3 × 40,000
= RM1,365,000
Net Income = Total Contribution Margin - Total Fixed Cost
Total Fixed Cost = Manufacturing Overhead + Selling Overhead + General Overhead
= RM420,000 + RM248,000 + RM282,400
= RM950,400
Net Income = RM1,365,000 - RM950,400
= RM414,600
(b) The break-even point (in units and RM value):
Break-even point refers to the level of sales at which total contribution margin is equal to the total fixed costs.
The break-even point is calculated as follows:
Break-Even Point (Units) = Total Fixed Costs / Unit Contribution Margin
= RM950,400 / RM26.25
= 36,266.67 ≈ 36,267 units
Break-Even Point (RM Value) = Break-Even Point (Units) × Selling Price per Unit
= 36,267 × RM65.00
= RM2,355,555
(c) The margin of safety:
The margin of safety refers to the difference between the actual sales and the break-even sales.
It is calculated as follows:
Margin of Safety (Units) = Actual Units Sold - Break-Even Point (Units)
= 52,000 - 36,267
= 15,733 units
Margin of Safety (RM Value) = Margin of Safety (Units) × Selling Price per Unit
= 15,733 × RM65.00
= RM1,022,645
(d) Profit or loss if the sales volume is 32,500 units:
The total contribution margin for 32,500 units sold is:
Total Contribution Margin = Unit Contribution Margin × Number of Units Sold
Total Contribution Margin = RM26.25 × 32,500
= RM853,125The total fixed cost is RM950,400, which is higher than the total contribution margin.
Therefore, the company will incur a loss of:
Net Loss = Total Fixed Costs - Total Contribution Margin
= RM950,400 - RM853,125
= RM97,275
(e) Number of units that need to be sold if the required profit is RM450,000:
The required sales value to achieve the target profit is calculated as follows:
Required Sales Value = Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit
= RM950,400 + RM450,000
= RM1,400,400
The required sales value can also be calculated using the following formula:
Required Sales Value = (Unit Contribution Margin × Number of Units Sold) + Total Fixed Costs
Number of Units Sold = (Required Sales Value - Total Fixed Costs) / Unit Contribution Margin
= (RM1,400,400 - RM950,400) / RM26.25
= 17,467.47 ≈ 17,468 units
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The organizer of a conference is selecting workshops to include. She will select fram 3 workshops about chemistry and 10 workshops about biology. In how many ways can she select 6 workshops if fewer than 2 must be about chemistry?
The organizer of a conference is selecting workshops to include. She will select from 3 workshops about chemistry and 10 workshops about biology.
We are to determine how many ways the organizer can select 6 workshops if fewer than 2 must be about chemistry.
We can approach this problem by first identifying the total number of ways in which she can select 6 workshops from the entire pool of 13 workshops, and then subtracting the number of ways in which she can select 6 workshops with at least 2 chemistry workshops.
Finally, we will subtract the value obtained from the total number of ways of selecting 6 workshops.
From the entire pool of 13 workshops, the number of ways the organizer can select 6 workshops is:
[tex](3C0 * 10C6) + (3C1 * 10C5)[/tex]
[tex]= 10 * 252 + 3 * 252[/tex]
[tex]= 3276.[/tex]
This is obtained by using the combinations formula.
Next, we find the number of ways she can select 6 workshops with at least 2 chemistry workshops.
This is
[tex](3C2 * 10C4) + (3C3 * 10C3)[/tex]
[tex]= 3 * 210 + 1 * 120[/tex]
[tex]= 750.[/tex]
This is obtained by again using the combinations formula.
Finally, we subtract the value obtained from the total number of ways of selecting 6 workshops from the value obtained from the number of ways she can select 6 workshops with at least 2 chemistry workshops.
This gives us 3276 - 750 = 2526.
Therefore, there are 2526 ways the organizer can select 6 workshops if fewer than 2 must be about chemistry.
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Identify and describe the two important issues in the design of
a large retail organization (Retail Management)
Both store layout and design, as well as inventory management, are critical considerations for retail organizations.
When designing a large retail organization, there are two important issues that need to be considered:
Store Layout and Design: The layout and design of a retail store play a crucial role in attracting customers, optimizing their shopping experience, and maximizing sales. It involves decisions regarding store size, aisle placement, product placement, signage, and overall store ambiance.
A well-designed store layout ensures easy navigation, encourages exploration, and promotes impulse purchases. It should also consider factors such as customer flow, product categories, and the store's branding.
Additionally, technology integration, such as digital signage and interactive displays, can enhance the customer experience. A thoughtful store layout and design can influence customer satisfaction, increase sales, and establish a positive brand image.
Inventory Management: Effective inventory management is vital for retail organizations to meet customer demands while minimizing costs and maximizing profitability. It involves managing stock levels, product assortment, and supply chain logistics.
Retailers need to strike a balance between having enough inventory to meet customer demand without incurring excessive carrying costs or stockouts. This requires accurate demand forecasting, efficient replenishment systems, and the ability to track and analyze sales data in real-time.
Implementing inventory management software and technologies can help automate processes, improve inventory accuracy, and streamline operations. Effective inventory management ensures product availability, reduces holding costs, minimizes the risk of obsolescence, and improves overall customer satisfaction.
They directly impact the customer experience, operational efficiency, and ultimately the financial success of the business. By addressing these issues effectively, retailers can create an attractive shopping environment and optimize their product offerings to meet customer needs and drive growth.
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Monopsonistic exploitation is measured by the height of the supply curve of labor. measured by the area above the supply curve but below the wage paid. the difference between the marginal revenue product of a worker and the wage received by the worker. the cost to society from unions.
Monopsonistic exploitation is a concept that occurs when an employer has a dominant position in a labor market, making it the only purchaser of labor, and therefore, can pay lower wages. It is measured by the difference between the marginal revenue product of a worker and the wage paid.
If the wage paid is below the marginal revenue product, it indicates that the employer is exploiting the worker.
The height of the supply curve of labor is used to measure the degree of monopsonistic exploitation. The flatter the supply curve, the higher the level of monopsonistic exploitation as it indicates that the employer has a greater degree of market power to set wages at a lower level.
In terms of measuring monopsonistic exploitation, the area above the supply curve but below the wage paid is used. This area is considered the "monopsony surplus" which represents the additional profit earned by the employer due to its market power. The larger the monopsony surplus, the greater the degree of monopsonistic exploitation.
Critics of unions argue that they contribute to the cost of society by raising wages above the competitive level, leading to a reduction in employment opportunities and an increase in prices. However, supporters of unions argue that they are necessary to counterbalance the market power of employers in a labor market where there is already an unequal bargaining position between employers and employees.
In conclusion, monopsonistic exploitation can be measured by the difference between the marginal revenue product of a worker and the wage paid and the height of the supply curve of labor. The cost to society from unions is a topic of debate and depends on the specific context and circumstances of the labor market.
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The market allocates capital to firms based on all of the following except: (Points : 10)
Higher risk requires lower returns due to higher expectations.
Level of efficiency.
Expected returns.
Degree of past performance.
The market allocates capital to firms based on all of the following except: Higher risk requires lower returns due to higher expectations.
Option A is correct.
The market does take into account the level of risk associated with an investment and typically requires higher returns for higher-risk investments. Therefore, this statement is incorrect in the context of capital allocation in the market.
Capital allocation refers to the method by which a corporation or an investor distributes capital to various businesses, sectors, and ventures to achieve a desired level of profitability while preserving the necessary level of liquidity. It is a critical component of business growth since it aids in the proper allocation of resources to the most profitable areas of the corporation.
A company's capital allocation strategy should be guided by the following considerations:Expected returns: The investment should be based on expected returns since investing in a firm with a high rate of return will increase the investor's overall profitability and success.Level of efficiency: Efficient use of capital is a significant factor in determining capital allocation, as it ensures that the business's return on investment is optimized.
Therefore, the market allocates capital to firms based on all of the following except higher risk requires lower returns due to higher expectations.
Incomplete question :
The market allocates capital to firms based on all of the following except: (Points : 10)
A. Higher risk requires lower returns due to higher expectations.
B. Level of efficiency.
C. Expected returns.
D. Degree of past performance.
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you buy a 5-year zero coupon bond with 4% yield to maturity. you sell the bond 2 years later when its yield to maturity is 2%. what was your annualized holding period return?
The annualized holding period return for the bond is approximately 0.8%. To calculate the annualized holding period return, you can use the formula:
Annualized Holding Period Return = (Ending Value / Beginning Value) ^ (1 / Holding Period) - 1
To calculate the annualized holding period return, we need to solve for P and F in the following equation:
F = [tex]P * (1 + r) ^ n[/tex]
Where:
r = yield to maturity as a decimal
n = holding period in years
Now, we can rearrange the equation to solve for P:
[tex]P * (1 + 0.04) ^ 5 = P * (1 + 0.02) ^ 2[/tex]
[tex](1 + 0.04) ^ 5 = (1 + 0.02) ^ 2[/tex]
1.21665 ≈ 1.0404
Annualized Holding Period Return = [tex](F / P) ^ (1 / Holding Period) - 1[/tex]
= [tex](1.0404 ^ (1/5)) - 1[/tex]
≈ 0.008
Annualized Holding Period Return ≈ 0.8%
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