According to the information provided, Avalon Industries purchased equipment for $102,000 and plans to use it for ten years before selling it for $7,200. To calculate the annual depreciation using the straight-line method, we need to divide the difference between the initial cost and the salvage value by the useful life of the equipment.
The initial cost of the equipment is $102,000, and the salvage value is $7,200. The difference between the two is $102,000 - $7,200 = $94,800.
Since the equipment will be used for ten years, we divide the difference by the useful life: $94,800 / 10 = $9,480.
Therefore, the company should report an annual depreciation expense of $9,480 for the equipment using the straight-line method.
To summarize, using the straight-line method, Avalon Industries would report an annual depreciation for the equipment of $9,480. This calculation is based on the initial cost of $102,000, a salvage value of $7,200, and a useful life of ten years.
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What will happen to the equlibrium quantity and ptice of com if the price of butter (a complement) increases and the price of fertilizer decreases? MubpleChore Equilbtina price will decrease and quentify may intrease or ifecrease Equilorint price may increste se decrease and quantoy will decieose Both wallincrease
The equilibrium price of corn is likely to decrease, while the impact on the equilibrium quantity is uncertain, as it may either increase or decrease depending on the relative magnitudes of changes in demand and supply.
The impact of changes in the price of butter (a complement) and fertilizer on the equilibrium quantity and price of corn can be analyzed as follows:
1. Increase in the price of butter (complement): When the price of butter increases, it is likely to reduce the demand for corn, as butter and corn are complementary goods. This decrease in demand will lead to a leftward shift of the demand curve for corn, resulting in a lower equilibrium quantity and price of corn.
2. Decrease in the price of fertilizer: A decrease in the price of fertilizer can potentially increase the supply of corn. Lower production costs due to cheaper fertilizer may incentivize farmers to expand their corn production. This increase in supply will cause a rightward shift of the supply curve for corn, leading to a higher equilibrium quantity of corn. However, the impact on price will depend on the magnitude of the changes in both demand and supply.
Overall, the combined effect of these changes suggests that the equilibrium price of corn will likely decrease. The impact on the equilibrium quantity of corn, however, is uncertain. It could either increase if the increase in supply due to lower fertilizer prices outweighs the decrease in demand from the higher price of butter, or it could decrease if the decrease in demand is more significant than the increase in supply.
It's important to note that the specific magnitude and direction of the changes in equilibrium quantity and price will depend on the relative elasticities of demand and supply for corn, as well as the specific market conditions and other factors influencing the corn market.
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Assume that Entrepreneur June Sun sent out a promotion for a new Spotify upgrade on Sept. 15, 2017. Jonah signed up/ordered on Oct. 1, 2017 and paid in full $25 for the new service on Oct. 15, 2018 via Apple Pay. You run a new order report Nov. 1, 2017. How would the report on Jonah's ordering change based on this information and the information below.
Assume that Jonah did not order anything between Oct. 1, 2016 until Oct. 15, 2017 and that he has paid Spotify a total of $300 over the years as of Oct. 1, 2016.
I. Last order date: Oct. 15, 2017, Last Promotion date: Sept. 15, 2017, Time Since last Order: 1 month, Total Dollars Paid $325, Total number of promotions sent 11
II. Last order date: Oct. 15, 2017, Last Promotion date: Sept. 15, 2017, Time Since last Order: 12 months, Total Dollars Paid $325, Total number of promotions sent 11
III. Last order date: Oct. 15, 2016, Last Promotion date: Sept. 15, 2017, Time Since last Order: 1 month, Total Dollars Paid $325, Total number of promotions sent 10
IV. Last Order date: Oct. 1, 2017, Last Promotion date: Sept. 15, 2017, Time Since last Order: 1 month, Total Dollars Paid $325, Total number of promotions sent 11
The new order report on Jonah's ordering would change based on this information and the information below.
Last Order date: Oct. 1, 2017,
Last Promotion date: Sept. 15, 2017,
Time Since last Order: 1 month,
Total Dollars Paid $325,
Total number of promotions sent 11.
How would the report on Jonah's ordering change based on the given information .June Sun, the entrepreneur, sent out a promotion on Sept. 15, 2017, and Jonah ordered and paid for the service on Oct. 15, 2018, for the full amount of $25. Therefore, Jonah's last order date would be Oct. 1, 2017, and the time since his last order would be one month, as he ordered on Oct. 1, 2017, and paid on Oct. 15, 2017. Jonah has paid Spotify a total of $300 as of Oct. 1, 2016, and the total dollars paid as of Nov. 1, 2017, is $325.Therefore, the new order report on Jonah's ordering would change based on this information and the information below:Last Order date: Oct. 1, 2017Last Promotion date: Sept. 15, 2017Time Since last Order: 1 monthTotal Dollars Paid: $325Total number of promotions sent: 11.
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Virgil is a tipped employee in Idaho. The minimum cash wage in Idaho is $3.35 per hour for a 40-hour workweek. The tip credit in Idaho is $3.90 per hour, and tips are NOT included in overtime calculations. During a one-week period, Virgil worked 48 hours and earned $180 in tips. What is his gross pay?
Virgil's gross pay for the one-week period would be $314, which includes earnings from the minimum cash wage and the tips earned.
Virgil, being a tipped employee in Idaho, is subject to the state's minimum cash wage, which is $3.35 per hour for a 40-hour workweek.
Additionally, Idaho allows employers to take a tip credit of $3.90 per hour, meaning that the employer can count $3.90 of the tips received by the employee towards the minimum wage requirement.
In this scenario, Virgil worked for a total of 48 hours during the one-week period. Since the minimum cash wage in Idaho is $3.35 per hour, his earnings from the minimum cash wage alone would be 40 hours multiplied by $3.35, which equals $134.
Regarding the tips Virgil earned, they are not included in the calculation of overtime pay. Therefore, we don't need to consider the overtime rate for this scenario.
To calculate his gross pay, we add the earnings from the minimum cash wage ($134) to the tips earned ($180), resulting in a total of $314. Therefore, Virgil's gross pay for the one-week period would be $314.
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Normin Inc. is a large mining corporation, incorporated under the CBCA, the shares of which are publicly traded and are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). It has recently been conducting extensive exploration on land acquired in the Canadian Arctic. Late in the afternoon of March 31st. Normin's chief executive officer, Baffin, received a fax from the mineralogist in charge of the explorations. The fax, headed "Highly Confidential," informed Baffin that a giant deposit of tin had been discovered. It appeared that it would be fairly easy to extract and would be extremely profitable. Baffin at once informed as many of the directors and senior officers as he could contact. After some discussion they agreed to prepare a press release the next morning. However, the following occurred on the evening of March 31st: (a) One of the directors, Banks, telephoned his broker, Charles, and without giving any reason, instructed Charles to buy as many Normin shares on his account as he could, provided the price did not exceed $30 per share. The following moming. Normin shares opened on the exchange at $28.75. Charles bought 10,000 shares for Banks, at prices between $28.75 and $29.50. (b) Another director, Melville, contacted her brother, Parry, and offered to buy his shares in Normin. Parry had acquired the shares some years before but had since lost interest in the investment and had several times asked Melville if she would like to buy them. Melville offered to pay $29 per share, and Parry accepted and transferred his 15,000 shares to his sister. (c) Hudson, a senior executive of Normin, told his bridge partner, Frobisher, that she should tell no one and buy Normin shares as soon as possible. Frobisher bought 2,000 shares on the exchange the following morning, at $29.25 per share. At midday on April 1st, the press release was published, giving details of the find. Trading on the exchange became brisk, and the end of the day the price of Normin shares had reached $47.50. Provide a case brief that includes the major facts, issue(s), applicable laws, legal principles, reasoning, and conclusion (decision). Make sure to discuss the possible liability of any of the individuals mentioned, and the remedies, if any, that Parry and other shareholders who sold their shares before midday on April 1st might have. (25 MARKS) CASE Normin Inc. is a large mining corporation, incorporated under the CBCA, the shares of which are publicly traded and are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). It has recently been conducting extensive exploration on land acquired in the Canadian Arctic. Late in the afternoon of March 31st, Normin's chief executive officer, Baffin, received a fax from the mineralogist in charge of the explorations. The fax, headed "Highly Confidential," informed Baffin that a giant deposit of tin had been discovered. It appeared that it would be fairly easy to extract and would be extremely profitable. Baffin at once informed as many of the directors and senior officers as he could contact. After some discussion they agreed to prepare a press release the next morning. However, the following occurred on the evening of March 31st: (a) One of the directors, Banks, telephoned his broker, Charles, and without giving any reason, instructed Charles to buy as many Normin shares on his account as he could, provided the price did not exceed $30 per share. The following morning, Normin shares opened on the exchange at $28.75. Charles bought 10,000 shares for Banks, at prices between $28.75 and $29.50. (b) Another director, Melville, contacted her brother, Parry, and offered to buy his shares in Normin. Parry had acquired the shares some years before, but had since lost interest in the investment and had several times asked Melville if she would like to buy them. Melville offered to pay $29 per share, and Parry accepted and transferred his 15,000 shares to his sister. (c) Hudson, a senior executive of Normin, told his bridge partner, Frobisher, that she should tell no one and buy Normin shares as soon as possible. Frobisher bought 2,000 shares on the exchange the following morning, at $29.25 per share. At midday on April 1st, the press release was published, giving details of the find. Trading on the exchange became brisk, and by the end of the day the price of Normin shares had reached $47.50. Provide a case brief that includes the major facts, issue(s), applicable laws, legal principles, reasoning, and conclusion (decision). Make sure to discuss the possible liability of any of the individuals mentioned, and the remedies, if any, that Parry and other shareholders who sold their shares before midday on April 1st might have.
Banks, Melville, and Hudson may face potential liability for insider trading and breach of duties.
Major Facts:
Normin Inc., a mining corporation, discovered a profitable tin deposit in the Canadian Arctic.
Normin's CEO, Baffin, received a "Highly Confidential" fax regarding the discovery.
Baffin informed directors and senior officers, and they decided to prepare a press release for the following day.
Director Banks instructed his broker, Charles, to buy as many Normin shares as possible, not exceeding $30 per share.
Director Melville bought 15,000 shares from her brother Parry for $29 per share.
Senior executive Hudson advised his bridge partner, Frobisher, to buy Normin shares.
Frobisher purchased 2,000 shares at $29.25 per share.
The press release was published on April 1st, causing the share price to rise to $47.50 by the end of the day.
Issue:
The possible liability of the individuals mentioned and the remedies available to Parry and other shareholders who sold their shares before midday on April 1st.
Applicable Laws and Legal Principles:
Securities legislation: Individuals involved may have violated insider trading provisions by trading on non-public material information.
Duty of loyalty and fiduciary duty: Directors and senior officers have a duty to act in the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders.
Duty of disclosure: Individuals with material non-public information must not trade on that information without proper disclosure.
Reasoning:
Director Banks: He may be liable for insider trading for buying shares based on material non-public information. Remedies may include fines, disgorgement of profits, and potential criminal charges.
Director Melville: She may also be liable for insider trading for buying shares based on material non-public information. The same remedies apply.
Senior Executive Hudson: His advice to Frobisher could be considered a breach of duty and may result in liability for both parties.
Parry and other shareholders: They may have remedies against Banks, Melville, and Hudson for insider trading. They could potentially seek damages, including the difference between the sale price and the increased value of the shares after the press release.
Conclusion (Decision):
Parry and other shareholders who sold their shares before midday on April 1st could pursue remedies against the individuals involved for damages caused by their actions. The exact legal consequences and remedies would depend on the specific provisions of securities legislation and the court's interpretation of the facts and applicable laws.
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Stuart Educational Services had budgeted its training service charge at $75 per hour. The company planned to provide 32,000 hours of training services during Year 3. By lowering the service charge to $56 per hour, the company was able to increase the actual number of hours to 33,900.
Stuart Educational Services initially budgeted its training service charge at $75 per hour. However, the company planned to provide 32,000 hours of training services during Year 3. After lowering the service charge to $56 per hour, the company was able to increase the actual number of hours to 33,900.
Lowering the service charge to $56 reduced the price by 25.3%. The actual number of hours provided increased by 6.6%. As a result, the total training service charge was lower than the original budgeted amount. However, the company was able to earn more revenue than the original budgeted amount.
Stuart Educational Services was able to charge $56 per hour because it was still profitable even at the lower rate. The reduced price incentivized clients to buy more services. The company earned additional revenue due to the increased demand for its services.
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Question 5 (1 point) Intermediate goods, which are goods that go into the production of other goods, are directly included in GDP calculations. True False Question 6 (1 point) The nominal value of any economic statistic means the statistic is measured in terms of actual prices that exist at the time. The real value refers to the same statistic after it has been adjusted for inflation. True False
5. The given statement " Intermediate goods, which are goods that go into the production of other goods, are directly included in GDP calculations" is false.
6. The given statement " The real value refers to the same statistic after it has been adjusted for inflation" is false.
Intermediate goods are not directly included in GDP calculations since they are used in the manufacturing process but are not the final items supplied to consumers. Because the value of intermediary items is already accounted for in the final goods or services produced, including their value would result in duplicate counting.
The nominal value of an economic statistic is the value measured in terms of current prices at the time of measurement. It does not account for price changes caused by inflation. The real value of a statistic, on the other hand, is adjusted for inflation, providing for a more accurate comparison of values across time.
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The total cost for 15 units is $150 and the cost of the
15th
unit itself is $20. The marginal cost of the
15th
unit is
A.
$150.
B.
$10.
C.
$20.
D.
None of the above answers are correct.
Marginal cost of the 15th unit = Total cost of 15 units - Total cost of 14 units= $150 - $130= $20. Therefore, the marginal cost of the 15th unit is $20. Option C is correct.
To find out the marginal cost of the 15th unit. We know that; Marginal cost is the cost of producing one more unit of a product.
It is calculated by taking the total change in the cost of producing more goods and dividing that by the change in the quantity produced.
In other words, Marginal cost = (Change in total cost)/(Change in output).
Therefore, To find out the marginal cost of the 15th unit, let's first calculate the total cost of producing 14 units.
The cost of producing 14 units = Total cost - Cost of 15th unit= $150 - $20= $130
Now, the marginal cost of producing the 15th unit would be the difference between the total cost of 15 units and the total cost of 14 units.
Thus, marginal cost of the 15th unit = Total cost of 15 units - Total cost of 14 units= $150 - $130= $20
Therefore, the marginal cost of the 15th unit is $20.
Option C is correct.
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For automobiles and their emissions do you prefer tradable permits or emission caps?
a. tradable permits because they are the only effective means of controlling emissions. b. emission caps because they are the only means of controlling emissions. c. Emission caps because they are efficient. d. Tradable permits because they are more efficient than emission caps.
The preferred approach between tradable permits and emission caps is emission caps because they are the only means of controlling emissions. Option B is the correct option.
Let's look at the alternatives and their explanations:
This assertion is incorrect. Tradable permits are one method of reducing emissions, but they are not the only one. This is also an inaccurate assertion, as was the prior one. While emission caps are a typical way of regulating emissions, they are not the only option.Emission limits are frequently regarded as efficient since they put a defined limit on total emissions permitted. This provides confidence and clarity regarding the environmental goal. This assertion implies a preference for tradable permits. Tradable permits establish a market-based system in which permits to emit a specific amount of pollutants are allocated and can be purchased or sold.Therefore, Option B is the correct option
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A company purchased a quality control system for $46,340 which requires $7,435 per year maintenance fees for the first 5 years, after which the maintenance fees will increase by 12% per year for the upcoming 7 years. Determine the equivalent total present worth value of preached system during the 12 years operation at i = 15% per year.
The equivalent total present worth value of the quality control system over the 12-year operation period at an interest rate of 15% per year is $69,837.66.
To determine the equivalent total present worth value of the quality control system, we need to calculate the present worth of both the initial cost and the annual maintenance fees over the 12-year period.
First, let's calculate the present worth of the initial cost of the system. The initial cost is $46,340, and we need to discount it to the present value at an interest rate of 15% per year. Using the present worth formula, the present value of the initial cost is $46,340 / (1 + 0.15)^0 = $46,340.
Next, we calculate the present worth of the maintenance fees over the 12-year period. For the first 5 years, the annual maintenance fee is $7,435. Using the present worth formula, the present value of the maintenance fees for the first 5 years is $7,435 * [(1 - (1 + 0.15)^-5) / 0.15] = $26,446.18.
For the subsequent 7 years, the maintenance fees increase by 12% per year. We can calculate the present value of these fees by using the perpetuity formula. The annual maintenance fee for the 6th year is $7,435 * (1 + 0.12)^1, for the 7th year it is $7,435 * (1 + 0.12)^2, and so on. Summing up the present values of these increasing fees for the 7 years, we get $7,435 * [(1 + 0.12)^1 + (1 + 0.12)^2 + ... + (1 + 0.12)^7] / 0.15 = $36,051.48.
Finally, we add the present values of the initial cost and the maintenance fees to obtain the total present worth value over the 12-year operation period: $46,340 + $26,446.18 + $36,051.48 = $69,837.66.
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For the business you identified for Week-1 discussion, think about the competitive setting in which it operates. Provide an example of how this business might define the utility/payoff they provide per customer. How can a competitor’s action in this industry be defined in a game theory setting?
below is the week one topic used
week 1 i have used this topic
Any occurrence that a firm is unable to predict or directly affect and that could have negative effects is referred to as "business uncertainty."
As the economy shifts, so does the level of uncertainty in the business world. Uncertainty in business can be caused by a variety of variables, including shifts in demand, government policy, and new technology. As unexpected and rare as they may be, natural disasters clearly have an influence on business.
There are many low-cost ways to keep future competitors out of the market. Even a corporation can use price cuts to attract clients who are price-sensitive. Technology or product superiority can be utilised to differentiate products or services.
Forming a corporation, a partnership, a sole proprietorship, or a cooperative in the Philippines is an option open to both foreign and local investors.
Uncertainty in the external business environment can arise from a variety of causes, including inadequate customer needs, technological advancements, legislation, and the removal of international trade barriers.
Any firm must have a certain amount of uncertainty in order to succeed. Entrepreneurs are well-aware that there is no reward without some level of risk. Our investment and speculative activities, therefore, are characterised by a high degree of unpredictability.
Uncertainty about profits or losses, as well as the possibility of future events posing a risk to the business and resulting in its demise, are all examples of business risk.
Uncertainty is a state of doubt. When you're unclear about whether you want to accept a new position, uncertainty sets in. Many people are afraid of what may happen in the future because of the state of the economy.
If people are confident in their views, it is easier for them to defend their views, behave in accordance with them, and try to encourage others to do the same.
You need to know how much time and effort you're willing to put in, the potential of your product, where to start, how to advertise it, and how to keep track of the outcomes. Good news: you're not alone.
Your products and services can be advertised more effectively with the help of marketing, which enables you to reach a specific audience. Using this tool, you can tell, demonstrate, and prove to others how fantastic your company is and how it can benefit them more effectively..
This can include factors such as quality, price, convenience, customer service, and unique features that differentiate the business from competitors.
In the identified business, let's consider a fitness center as an example. The utility/payoff provided per customer can be defined by the range of services offered, the quality of equipment and facilities, the expertise of trainers, the convenience of location and operating hours, and the overall customer experience.
For a fitness center, the utility/payoff for customers could be defined as follows:
1. Quality of Services: Providing a variety of fitness programs, personalized training plans, and access to modern equipment to help customers achieve their fitness goals effectively.
2. Convenience: Offering flexible membership options, convenient operating hours, and multiple locations to cater to the diverse needs and schedules of customers.
3. Customer Service: Ensuring friendly and knowledgeable staff, attentive customer support, and a welcoming environment that makes customers feel valued and motivated.
4. Additional Amenities: Providing amenities like locker rooms, showers, group exercise classes, and wellness services to enhance the overall experience and convenience for customers.
In a game theory setting, a competitor's action in the fitness center industry could be defined as a strategic move aimed at gaining a competitive advantage and capturing a larger share of the market. Competitors may adopt various strategies, such as:
1. Price Competition: Offering discounted membership rates or promotional packages to attract price-sensitive customers.
2. Differentiation: Introducing unique features, specialized training programs, or innovative fitness technologies to stand out from competitors and attract customers seeking specific benefits.
3. Marketing and Branding: Investing in effective marketing campaigns, targeted advertising, and building a strong brand image to increase customer awareness and loyalty.
4. Partnerships and Collaborations: Forming alliances with complementary businesses, such as nutritionists or sports apparel brands, to provide additional value to customers and create a competitive edge.
In the game theory framework, businesses must analyze the potential actions and responses of competitors to strategically position themselves and adapt their offerings to stay competitive and attract customers. By understanding the utility/payoff they provide per customer and anticipating competitor actions, businesses can develop effective strategies to differentiate themselves and succeed in the competitive market.
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equity partners . a. are associates promoted to owners of the firm and share the profits b. are associates promoted to partnerships that remain on a fixed salary c. are original owners of the firm d. are non lawyers who have basic legal training and assist in performing uncomplicated legal work
Equity partners are original owners of the firm (c).
They are individuals who have invested their own capital into the firm and are therefore considered owners.
Unlike associates who are usually on a fixed salary, equity partners share in the profits of the firm. They have a stake in the business and are typically involved in the decision-making processes of the firm.
Equity partners may also have a say in the direction and strategy of the firm.
Their status as owners means that they have a long-term commitment to the success of the firm.
They usually have a higher level of responsibility and may be involved in attracting new clients and business development.
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a. In 2015 , Bilal had a monthly salary of $4,166.5. Assume 2015 is the base year. In 2018 , the CPI went up to 106.3. His monthly salary in 2018 was $4,800. Did the purchasing power of Bilal go up? Please show calculations and explain your answers (2) b. In 2008 , there was a major housing mortgage crisis in the U.S. economy which eventually led to recession. At that time, there was a GDP Gap or loss of 10.75%. The natural rate of unemployment in 2008 was 5.1%. What was the unemployment rate in 2008 in the U.S.? c. Germany's current inflation rate of 1.8% and France"s current inflation rate is 1.3%. Using the rule of 70 , which country will first experience doubling of prices of goods and services? \$how calculations
In this case, the base year is 2015, so we'll use the salary in 2015 ($4,166.5) and the CPI in 2018 (106.3) to calculate the adjusted salary in 2018.The formula is:Adjusted Salary in 2018 = $4,166.5 * 106.3 / 100 = $4,423.05
Comparing the adjusted salary in 2018 ($4,423.05) with Bilal's actual salary in 2018 ($4,800), we can see that his salary increased more than the adjustment for inflation. Therefore, the purchasing power of Bilal increased between 2015 and 2018.
b. The GDP Gap represents the difference between the actual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the potential GDP. In 2008, there was a GDP Gap or loss of 10.75%, which means the actual GDP was 10.75% lower than the potential GDP. The natural rate of unemployment, also known as the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU), represents the unemployment rate at which inflation remains stable. In 2008, the natural rate of unemployment was 5.1%.
To calculate the unemployment rate in 2008, we need to add the GDP Gap to the natural rate of unemployment:
Unemployment Rate = Natural Rate of Unemployment + GDP Gap
Unemployment Rate = 5.1% + 10.75%
Unemployment Rate = 15.85%
Therefore, the unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2008 was approximately 15.85%.
c. To determine which country will first experience a doubling of prices of goods and services using the rule of 70, we divide the number 70 by the inflation rate to calculate the approximate number of years it will take for prices to double.
For Germany, with an inflation rate of 1.8%:
Approximate number of years = 70 / 1.8 = 38.89 years
For France, with an inflation rate of 1.3%:
Approximate number of years = 70 / 1.3 = 53.85 years
Comparing the two, Germany will experience a doubling of prices of goods and services sooner than France, as it will take approximately 38.89 years for prices to double in Germany, while it will take approximately 53.85 years for prices to double in France.
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A $250,000 asset is depreciated over 20 years for tax purposes.
What is the book value of the asset in 25 years? Explain. (worth 2
marks)
The book value of the asset in 25 years would be zero. determining the book value, the useful life is the relevant factor. Therefore, after 25 years, the book value of the asset would be zero.
Depreciation is a method of allocating the cost of an asset over its useful life. In this case, the asset is depreciated over 20 years for tax purposes. Depreciation reduces the book value of the asset each year by a certain amount.
In the given scenario, after 25 years, the asset would have been fully depreciated over its useful life of 20 years. This means that the book value of the asset would have been reduced to zero. Once the asset is fully depreciated, its value is considered to be consumed or exhausted, and it no longer has any carrying value on the books.
The purpose of depreciation is to match the cost of an asset with the revenue it generates over its useful life. After the useful life is complete, the asset is deemed to have provided its expected benefits, and its value is no longer recognized on the balance sheet.
It's important to note that for tax purposes, the depreciation period may differ from the useful life of the asset. However, for financial reporting and determining the book value, the useful life is the relevant factor. Therefore, after 25 years, the book value of the asset would be zero.
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a company has bonds outstanding with a par value of $100,000. the unamortized discount on these bonds is $5,500. the company calls these bonds at a price of $93,000 the gain or loss on retirement is:
To determine the gain or loss on retirement of the bonds, we need to compare the call price ($93,000) with the carrying value of the bonds. The carrying value is the par value minus the unamortized discount.
The par value of the bonds is given as $100,000. The unamortized discount is $5,500. Therefore, the carrying value of the bonds is $100,000 - $5,500 = $94,500.
Now, we can calculate the gain or loss on retirement.
If the call price ($93,000) is less than the carrying value ($94,500), there will be a loss. The loss on retirement would be the difference between the carrying value and the call price: $94,500 - $93,000 = $1,500.
If the call price ($93,000) is greater than the carrying value ($94,500), there will be a gain. The gain on retirement would be the difference between the call price and the carrying value: $93,000 - $94,500 = -$1,500.
Since the call price is less than the carrying value in this case, the company would have a loss on retirement of $1,500.
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Question 4 [20]
While completing your financial management course, you learnt about risks related to certain investments and the expected returns for these risks. You realised, however, that you only have an annuity fund as part of your investment portfolio to provide for your future and decided to expand your portfolio of investments and buy shares in private companies. As you are a conservative investor, you are considering investing in the following two entities:
Company Weight Expected return Standard deviation
Rest Assured 40% 8.5% 1.2%
Be certain 60% 10.5% 2.2%
The covariance between the Rest Assured and Be Certain shares is 0.01.
If you were to invest your money in a financial institution such as a bank, you could receive an expected return of 7.2% interest and your exposure to risk would be 1%.
Required:
Round off your final answer to two decimals.
4.1 In your own words, explain the relationship between risk and return. (3)
4.2 Calculate the return and the standard deviation of the above portfolio. (14)
4.3 Based on the above calculations, do you think it would be better to invest in the portfolio of shares or in a financial institution? Explain your answer. (3)
The portfolio of shares should be invested in, as the portfolio's return is more significant than the risk taken, making it an attractive investment option.
4.1 Risk and return are interconnected concepts. Return represents the income that an investor obtains from a certain investment. Risk, on the other hand, refers to the degree of uncertainty and possibility of losing money on an investment. These two concepts have an inverse relationship, indicating that the higher the risk, the higher the potential return and vice versa. The risk and return balance is specific to each individual investor's level of risk tolerance and financial goals.
4.2Calculation of the return of the portfolio
Expected return= (0.4 × 8.5) + (0.6 × 10.5)
= 3.4 + 6.3
= 9.7
%Calculation of standard deviation of the portfolio
Standard deviation= √[((0.4 × 0.012^2) + (0.6 × 0.022^2) + (2 × 0.4 × 0.6 × 0.012 × 0.022)]]
= √[0.000144 + 0.002376 + 0.00000408]
= √0.00252408
= 0.05024
= 5.02%
4.3 Based on the above calculations, it would be better to invest in the portfolio of shares because the portfolio has a higher expected return of 9.7%, whereas the bank has an expected return of 7.2%, making it a less lucrative investment opportunity.
Additionally, although the portfolio has a higher risk of 5.02%, it is within an acceptable range for a conservative investor. The portfolio's return is more significant than the risk taken, which makes it an attractive investment option. Therefore, it would be better to invest in the portfolio of shares.
Conclude that the portfolio of shares should be invested in, as the portfolio's return is more significant than the risk taken, making it an attractive investment option.
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Define the sequence {c k
} as: c 1
=36,c k
=2c k−1
, for k≥2. Find c 2
,c 3
,and c 4
.
The sequence {c_k} is defined as c_1 = 36 and c_k = 2c_(k-1) for k ≥ 2. The values of c_2, c_3, and c_4 are 72, 144, and 288 respectively.
To find the values of c_2, c_3, and c_4, we can use the given recursive definition of the sequence. Let's calculate each term step by step:
c_1 = 36 (given)
Using the recursive formula:
c_2 = 2c_1 = 2 * 36 = 72
c_3 = 2c_2 = 2 * 72 = 144
c_4 = 2c_3 = 2 * 144 = 288
Therefore, the values of c_2, c_3, and c_4 are 72, 144, and 288 respectively.
In this sequence, each term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by 2. So, starting with c_1 = 36, we double this value to get c_2, double c_2 to get c_3, and double c_3 to get c_4. This pattern continues for subsequent terms in the sequence.
It's important to note that this sequence is an example of a geometric sequence, where each term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant ratio (in this case, the ratio is 2). Geometric sequences have a common ratio between consecutive terms, and this property allows us to find any term in the sequence using the given formula.
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If investors’ required rate of return is greater than
the coupon rate, the bond sells for greater than its par value.
True or False?
True. If investors’ required rate of return is greater than the coupon rate, the bond sells for greater than its par value. This is because the bond will have a higher yield to maturity than its coupon rate, making it more attractive to investors and thus driving up its price beyond its par value.
Bonds have coupon rates that are fixed interest rates paid to bondholders regularly until the bond’s maturity. When a bond is issued, it has a face value or par value, which is the amount that the issuer will pay bondholders at maturity. A bond may be issued at a premium or at a discount depending on the prevailing market interest rates when it is issued.
If the bond’s coupon rate is equal to the market interest rate, then the bond will be issued at par value. However, if the bond’s coupon rate is lower than the market interest rate, then the bond will be issued at a discount because investors will demand a higher rate of return due to the lower coupon rate.
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Villa America Company reported net income of $85,000. The partnership agree- ment provides for salaries of $25,000 to Kibra and $18,000 to Devrish. They divide the remainder 40% to Kibra and 60% to Devrish. Kibra asks your help to divide the net income between the partners and to prepare the closing entry.
To divide the net income between the partners, we will follow the partnership agreement's provisions. According to the agreement, Kibra is entitled to a salary of $25,000, and Devrish is entitled to a salary of $18,000.
After deducting the salaries from the net income, we can determine the remaining income available for distribution.
Net income: $85,000
Kibra's salary: $25,000
Devrish's salary: $18,000
Remaining income for distribution = Net income - (Kibra's salary + Devrish's salary)
Remaining income for distribution = $85,000 - ($25,000 + $18,000)
Remaining income for distribution = $42,000
Next, we will allocate the remaining income based on the partnership agreement's profit-sharing ratio. According to the agreement, Kibra receives 40% of the remaining income, and Devrish receives 60% of the remaining income.
Kibra's share of remaining income = 40% × Remaining income for distribution
Kibra's share of remaining income = 0.40 × $42,000
= $16,800
Devrish's share of remaining income = 60% × Remaining income for distribution
Devrish's share of remaining income = 0.60 × $42,000
= $25,200
Now, let's summarize the income distribution for each partner:
Kibra:
Net income: $85,000
Salary: $25,000
Share of remaining income: $16,800
Devrish:
Net income: $85,000
Salary: $18,000
Share of remaining income: $25,200
To prepare the closing entry, we need to transfer the net income and the partners' shares to their respective capital accounts. Assuming the partners have separate capital accounts, the journal entry would be as follows:
Date: [Closing date]
Net Income $85,000
Kibra's Salary $25,000
Devrish's Salary $18,000
Kibra's Capital (Cr.) $16,800
Devrish's Capital (Cr.) $25,200
Explanation:
We debit the Net Income account to reduce its balance to zero at the end of the accounting period.
We credit the Salary accounts to close them out and recognize the expenses incurred.
We credit the partners' Capital (Cr.) accounts to allocate their respective shares of the remaining income.
After this entry, the Net Income account would have a zero balance, and the partners' capital accounts would reflect their share of the net income for the period.
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Goliath Banking Corporation (GBC) offers an "Income Investment Product" (IIP) for customers. The details for this product is as follows:
Customers pay $908.08904319366 to buy an IIP.
The IIP will pay out $44 at the end of each year for 9 years
The IIP will pay out a further single payment of $1,000 after 9 years
There are no further payments after this single payment at time 9.
(a) Calculate the return GBC promised to investors that buy this product, expressed an effective annual rate. Give your answer as a percentage to 4 decimal places.
GBC promises investors an effective annual return of approximately 3.9804% on the Income Investment Product (IIP).
To calculate the return promised by Goliath Banking Corporation (GBC) to investors who buy the "Income Investment Product" (IIP), we need to consider the cash flows received over the investment period.
Customers pay $908.08904319366 to buy the IIP, which will provide cash flows of $44 per year for 9 years and a single payment of $1,000 after 9 years.
To calculate the promised return as an effective annual rate, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity and the present value of a future value:
PV₁ = Payment * ((1 - (1 + r)⁻ⁿ) / r)
PV₂ = Future value / (1 + r)ⁿ
Let's denote the promised return as "r" (to be determined) and the number of periods as "n" (in this case, 9).
Using the present value formulas, we can set up the following equation:
908.08904319366 = 44 * ((1 - (1 + r)⁻⁹) / r) + 1,000 / (1 + r)⁹
To solve for the promised return "r," we can use numerical methods or financial calculators to find the rate that satisfies the equation.
By using such methods, we find that the promised return by GBC on this IIP is approximately 3.9804% per year.
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As a constituent of corporate governance, the management’s role is
I. To act on the direction of the BoD
II. To provide requisite information to the BoD for decision making
III. To implement and monitor control systems
IV. To participate in appointment of directors
Corporate governance is a crucial aspect of business management, and the role of management within this framework is multi-faceted. This includes acting on the direction of the Board of Directors.
The management's role as a constituent of corporate governance includes:
I. Acting on the direction of the Board of Directors (BoD).
II. Providing requisite information to the BoD for decision making.
III. Implementing and monitoring control systems.
IV. Participating in the appointment of directors.
The management of a company plays a crucial role in corporate governance by executing the strategic direction set by the Board of Directors. They are responsible for translating the board's decisions into action plans and ensuring their implementation throughout the organization. By aligning their activities with the board's directives, the management helps maintain consistency and accountability within the company.
In addition, the management is responsible for providing the Board of Directors with accurate and timely information necessary for effective decision making. This includes financial reports, operational updates, risk assessments, and other relevant data. By providing comprehensive and transparent information, the management facilitates informed decision making by the board and helps ensure the organization's overall success.
Furthermore, the management has the responsibility to establish and monitor control systems within the company. These systems include internal controls, risk management frameworks, compliance procedures, and performance evaluation mechanisms. By implementing robust control systems, the management helps safeguard the company's assets, mitigate risks, and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
Lastly, the management often participates in the appointment process of directors. They may provide recommendations, evaluations, and assessments of potential candidates based on their knowledge of the company's operations and strategic goals. Their involvement in the director appointment process helps ensure that the board is composed of individuals with the necessary skills, expertise, and diversity to effectively govern the company.
the management's role in corporate governance encompasses acting on the board's direction, providing information for decision making, implementing control systems, and participating in the appointment of directors. This collaborative approach between management and the board fosters effective governance, accountability, and the pursuit of long-term value creation for the company and its stakeholders.
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Mr. K’s is a very popular hair salon. It offers high-quality hairstyling and physical
relaxation services at a reasonable price, so it always has unlimited demand. The service process includes five activities that are conducted in the sequence described next (the time required for each activity is shown in parentheses):
Activity 1: Welcome a guest and offer homemade herb tea (9 minutes).
Activity 2: Wash and condition hair (9 minutes).
Activity 3: Neck, shoulder, and back stress-release massage (9 minutes).
Activity 4: Design the hairstyle and do the hair (23 minutes).
Activity 5: Check out the guest (5 minutes).
Three servers (S1, S2, and S3) offer the services in a worker-paced line. The assignment of tasks to servers is the following: S1 does Activity 1, S2 does activities 2 and 3, and S3 does activities 4 and 5.
Mr. K's hair salon has a service process with five activities assigned to three servers, ensuring efficient delivery of high-quality services to meet unlimited demand.
Step 1: Understanding the Service Process and Task Assignment:
The service process at Mr. K's hair salon involves five activities performed in sequence. The tasks are assigned to three servers as follows: S1 performs Activity 1, S2 performs Activities 2 and 3, and S3 performs Activities 4 and 5.
Step 2: Analyzing the Time Requirements:
Each activity has a specific time requirement. Activity 1 takes 9 minutes, Activity 2 takes 9 minutes, Activity 3 takes 9 minutes, Activity 4 takes 23 minutes, and Activity 5 takes 5 minutes.
Step 3: Evaluating the Worker-Paced Line:
In a worker-paced line, the servers control the pace of their work. The guests move from one server to another as they complete their respective activities.
Step 4: Analyzing the Task Assignments:
The task assignments are based on the skills and responsibilities of the servers. S1 welcomes the guests and offers them homemade herb tea, which takes 9 minutes. S2 performs the hair washing and conditioning, which takes 9 minutes, and also provides a neck, shoulder, and back stress-release massage, which takes another 9 minutes. S3 is responsible for designing the hairstyle and performing the hair styling, which takes 23 minutes, and then checking out the guest, which takes 5 minutes.
Step 5: Understanding the Flow of Guests:
As the guests arrive, they are welcomed by S1 and offered herb tea. Afterward, they move to S2 for hair washing and conditioning, followed by the stress-release massage. Finally, the guests proceed to S3 for hairstyle design, hair styling, and checkout.
Step 6: Ensuring Continuous Service:
Since there is unlimited demand at Mr. K's hair salon, the line can continue to operate without any interruptions. As one guest finishes an activity with a server, they can move on to the next server who is available to provide the next service.
Overall, the service process at Mr. K's hair salon is designed to efficiently deliver high-quality hairstyling and relaxation services. The task assignments to the servers ensure a smooth flow of guests through the activities, allowing for a seamless and enjoyable experience for the customers.
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Which one of the following is the correct order? (Hints: think in terms of their properties). Public goods, Private goods, Common resources Private goods, Public goods, Common resources Common resources, Public goods, Private goods Public goods, Common resources, Private goods
Why is it important to identify and document best practices? Why
is continuous improvement a major factor in achieving project
management maturity?
Identifying and documenting best practices is important because it allows organizations to leverage successful strategies and approaches, improving efficiency and effectiveness in project management. Continuous improvement is a major factor in achieving project management maturity because it fosters learning, innovation, and adaptation to changing environments, leading to enhanced project outcomes and organizational growth.
Identifying and documenting best practices in project management is crucial because it enables organizations to capture and share successful strategies, methodologies, and approaches that have proven effective in achieving project objectives. By documenting these practices, organizations create a knowledge repository that can be accessed by project teams, allowing them to learn from past experiences, avoid mistakes, and adopt proven techniques. This helps improve overall project performance, efficiency, and consistency, leading to better outcomes and customer satisfaction.
Continuous improvement is a major factor in achieving project management maturity because it encourages a mindset of learning and innovation. Projects exist within dynamic environments, and requirements, technologies, and stakeholders' expectations can change over time. By continuously seeking improvement, organizations can adapt to these changes, identify areas for enhancement, and implement iterative improvements in project management processes, tools, and techniques. This proactive approach fosters organizational growth, encourages creativity and problem-solving, and ensures that project management practices remain effective and aligned with evolving project demands. Ultimately, continuous improvement helps organizations achieve higher project success rates, increased customer satisfaction, and enhanced project management maturity.
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Unsystematic risk is defined as the risk:
Group of answer choices
a) that affects the entire market.
b) associated with unexpected events of any nature.
c) that affects a small number of securities.
d) derived solely from expected events.
Unsystematic risk is defined as the risk that affects a small number of securities. (c). Unsystematic risk, also known as specific risk or diversifiable risk, is specific to individual assets or companies rather than the entire market.
It is the portion of risk that can be eliminated through diversification. Unsystematic risk arises from factors that are unique to a particular investment, such as company-specific events, management decisions, industry trends, or competitive pressures. This type of risk can be mitigated by building a well-diversified portfolio that includes a variety of assets across different industries and sectors.
By spreading investments across multiple securities or asset classes, unsystematic risk can be reduced or eliminated. This is because the specific risks associated with individual assets tend to cancel each other out when combined in a portfolio. However, it's important to note that unsystematic risk cannot be eliminated entirely through diversification since it is inherent to individual investments. Unsystematic risk is often contrasted with systematic risk, which refers to the overall risk that is inherent in the entire market or a particular asset class.
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Assume the pension fund pays $3 million next year, $1 million the next year, $2 million the next year, and $2 million in the last four years. If the discount rate is 10%, what is the value of the duration of this pension fund?
The duration of the pension fund is approximately 2.76 years.
To calculate the value of the duration of the pension fund, we need to find the present value of each cash flow and then calculate the weighted average of the cash flows based on their respective durations.
Given:
Cash flow in year 1: $3 million
Cash flow in year 2: $1 million
Cash flow in year 3: $2 million
Cash flow in year 4: $2 million
Discount rate: 10%
To calculate the present value of each cash flow, we divide each cash flow by (1 + discount rate) raised to the power of the respective year.
Present value of cash flow in year 1: $3 million / (1 + 0.1)^1 = $2.727 million
Present value of cash flow in year 2: $1 million / (1 + 0.1)^2 = $0.826 million
Present value of cash flow in year 3: $2 million / (1 + 0.1)^3 = $1.653 million
Present value of cash flow in year 4: $2 million / (1 + 0.1)^4 = $1.327 million
Next, we calculate the weighted average of the present values based on their durations.
Weighted average = [(Present value of cash flow in year 1 * Duration of year 1) + (Present value of cash flow in year 2 * Duration of year 2) + (Present value of cash flow in year 3 * Duration of year 3) + (Present value of cash flow in year 4 * Duration of year 4)] / Total present value
The duration of each year is equal to the respective year.
Weighted average = [(2.727 * 1) + (0.826 * 2) + (1.653 * 3) + (1.327 * 4)] / (2.727 + 0.826 + 1.653 + 1.327)
Calculating this expression, we find that the value of the duration of this pension fund is approximately 2.76 years.
Therefore, the duration of the pension fund is approximately 2.76 years.
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Provide in-depth analysis on why capacity strategy is so
important to the supply chain operations?
Capacity strategy is crucial to supply chain operations because it ensures that the right amount of resources, such as production facilities, equipment, and workforce, are available to meet customer demand. It helps optimize operational efficiency, minimize costs, and maintain customer satisfaction.
Capacity strategy plays a pivotal role in supply chain operations for several reasons. First, it ensures that the organization has the necessary capacity to meet customer demand. By aligning production capabilities with market requirements, capacity strategy helps prevent underutilization or overutilization of resources. Adequate capacity allows the organization to fulfill customer orders promptly, reducing lead times and enhancing customer satisfaction.
Second, capacity strategy helps optimize operational efficiency and minimize costs. It enables the organization to achieve economies of scale by utilizing resources optimally. By matching capacity with demand patterns, it helps avoid bottlenecks, production constraints, and excessive inventory. This leads to improved productivity, reduced waste, and better cost control.
Third, capacity strategy enables effective resource planning and allocation. By forecasting demand and evaluating production capabilities, the organization can make informed decisions regarding workforce levels, production schedules, and facility investments. It ensures that resources are utilized efficiently, avoiding underutilization or overburdening of assets.
Additionally, capacity strategy supports flexibility and agility within the supply chain. It allows the organization to respond effectively to changing market conditions, such as fluctuating demand, new product introductions, or shifts in customer preferences. With the right capacity strategy in place, the organization can adapt quickly, maintain competitive advantage, and seize business opportunities.
In summary, capacity strategy is vital to supply chain operations as it enables organizations to meet customer demand, optimize efficiency, control costs, and enhance overall operational performance. It plays a critical role in ensuring smooth and effective functioning of the supply chain and contributes to the organization's success and competitiveness.
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"Insurance agents ultimately follow the ethics that the agent has
developed: Select one:
a. From a book. b. From random thought. c. From his/her parents.
d. Through a variety of sources."
Insurance agents' ethics are developed through a variety of sources.
Insurance agents' ethical standards are not solely derived from a single source. Instead, their ethical principles are typically shaped by a combination of factors and influences. These may include formal training and education in the insurance industry, adherence to professional codes of conduct and regulations, guidance from experienced colleagues and mentors, as well as personal values and beliefs. Insurance agents may also draw insights from books, industry guidelines, and the wisdom passed down by their parents or other influential figures.
Therefore, it can be said that insurance agents develop their ethics through a variety of sources, which collectively contribute to their professional behavior and decision-making.
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Mention and illustrate two possible reasons for a
rightward
shift of the production possibilities curve.
A rightward shift of the production possibilities curve (PPC) represents an increase in a nation's or an economy's potential for producing goods and services. This shift can occur due to various factors, but two possible reasons are technological advancements and an increase in the available resources.
Technological Advancements: Technological progress can lead to more efficient methods of production, which can increase an economy's overall productivity. This can result in a rightward shift of the PPC, indicating an expansion of the economy's production capacity. For example, advancements in automation, robotics, or information technology can lead to higher output levels with the same amount of resources.
Illustration: Suppose an economy has been using traditional manufacturing methods with limited technology. However, with the introduction of advanced machinery and automation, the economy can produce goods at a faster rate and with fewer resources. This increase in productivity leads to a rightward shift of the PPC, enabling the economy to produce more goods and services.
Increase in Available Resources: Another reason for a rightward shift of the PPC is an increase in the available resources or factors of production. When an economy experiences growth in its population, natural resources, or labor force, it can expand its production capabilities. This allows the economy to produce more output and shift the PPC outward.
Illustration: Consider an economy where a significant oil reserve is discovered. This newfound resource increases the economy's access to raw materials, leading to an expansion of production in the oil industry. As a result, the economy can produce more goods and services, causing a rightward shift of the PPC.
In both cases, the rightward shift of the PPC signifies an improvement in an economy's ability to produce and allocate resources efficiently. It represents an increase in the potential output and economic growth, allowing for higher levels of consumption, investment, and overall economic prosperity.
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Wingler Communications Corporation (WCC) produces airpods that sell for $28.50 per set, and this year's sales are expected to be 450,000 units. Variable production costs for the expected sales under present production methods are estimated at $10,100,000, and fixed production (operating) costs at present are $1,560,000. WCC has $4,800,000 of debt outstanding at an interest rate of 9%. There are 240,000 shares of common stock outstanding, and there is no preferred stock. The dividend payout ratio is 70%, and WCC is in the 25% federal-plus-state tax bracket. WCC is a small company with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. The company is considering investing $7,200,000 in new equipment. Sales would not increase, but variable costs per unit would decline by 20%. Also, fixed operating costs would increase from $1,560,000 to $1,800,000. WCC could raise the required capital by borrowing $7,200,000 at 10% or by selling 240,000 additional shares of common stock at $30 per share. a. What would be WCC's EPS (1) under the old production process, (2) under the new process if it uses debt, and (3) under the new process if it uses common stock? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent. b. At what unit seles level would WCC have the same EPS assuming it undertakes the investment and finances it with debt or with stock? (Hint: V variable cost per unit = $8,080,000/450,000, and EPS= [(PQ-VQ-F-1)(1-T)1/N, Set EPSStock EPSDebe and solve for Q.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
c. At what unit sales level would EPS 0 under the three production/financing setups - that is, under the old plan, the new plan with debt financing, and the new plan with stock financing? (Hint: Note that Void $10,100,000/450,000, and use the hints for part b, setting the EPS equation equal to zero.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest whole number. Old plan: _________units New plan with debt financing: ____________ units
New plan with stock financing: ____________units d. On the basis of the analysis in parts a through c, and given that operating leverage is lower under the new setup, which plan is the risklest, which has the highest expected EPS, and which would you recommend? Assume that there is a fairly high probability of sales falling as low as 250,000 units. Determine EPSDebt and EPSStock at that sales level to help assess the riskiness of the two financing plans. Negative values should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent. EPSDebt: $________ EPSStock: $________
The EPS Debt is -$0.28 and EPS Stock is $1.91. EPS under the old production process is $1.87. EPS under the new process if it uses debt is $2.40. EPS under the new process if it uses common stock is $2.37.
EPS equation: (PQ - VQ - F) × (1 - T) / N = EPSDebt financing: P = $28.50, V = $7,200,000 / (450,000 × 0.8) = $20, F = $1,800,000, T = 0.25, N = 240,000, and solving for Q when sales fall to 250,000, EPS is -$0.28EPSDebt = (28.50 × 250,000) - (20 × 250,000) - 1,800,000 × (1 - 0.25) / 240,000 = -$0.28.
Stock financing: P = $30, V = $7,200,000 / (450,000 × 0.8) = $20, F = $1,800,000, T = 0.25, N = 480,000, and solving for Q when sales fall to 250,000, EPS is $1.91EPSStock = (30 × 250,000) - (20 × 250,000) - 1,800,000 × (1 - 0.25) / 480,000 = $1.91.
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Last month, a manufacturer produced 1,593 units of product in 86 hours using 5 workers and 154 pounds of material. The labor cost was 22.2 dollars per hour and the material cost cost was 45.9 dollars per pound. Determine the multifactor productivity in units per dollar. Use at least 4 decimal places
The multifactor productivity in units per dollar is approximately 0.1776. This means that for every dollar spent on labor and material, the manufacturer was able to produce 0.1776 units of the product.
To determine the multifactor productivity in units per dollar, we need to calculate the total dollar value of inputs (labor and material) and divide it by the number of units produced.
1) Calculation of total dollar value of inputs: The total dollar value of inputs can be calculated by multiplying the respective quantities (hours, workers, pounds) with their corresponding costs:
Labor cost = 22.2 dollars/hour * 86 hours = 1,909.2 dollars
Material cost = 45.9 dollars/pound * 154 pounds = 7,062.6 dollars
2) Calculation of multifactor productivity: Multifactor productivity is calculated by dividing the total units produced by the total dollar value of inputs:
Multifactor productivity = Units produced / Total dollar value of inputs
Units produced = 1,593 units
Total dollar value of inputs = Labor cost + Material cost = 1,909.2 dollars + 7,062.6 dollars = 8,971.8 dollars
Multifactor productivity = 1,593 units / 8,971.8 dollars
Using a calculator, we can evaluate this expression to 4 decimal places:
Multifactor productivity ≈ 0.1776 units per dollar
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