The Kidneys are the only major Abdominopelvic organ located outside toe sac formed by the peritoneum. Because of this their position is referred to as Retroperitoneal.
What serves as a kidney?They are largely in charge of transforming waste into urine and detoxifying the blood. Around 160 grams of weight and one to one and a half gallons of urine are excreted daily by each kidney. Every 24 hours, the two kidneys work together to filter 200 liters of fluid.
How can you tell if your kidneys are in trouble?The urge to pee more frequently, especially at night, may indicate renal disease. An increased need to urinate may result from damage to the kidney filters. This may occasionally also indicate a respiratory infection or a swollen prostate in males. Your pee contains visible blood.
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Charles Darwin made important contributions to our understanding of how populations evolve but he did not discover everything. Of the statements below, which is correct about Darwin's contributions?
He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution ,this statement is correct about Darwin's contributions.
According to Darwin's theory, only the higher adaptations are self-selected and the lower ones eliminated. Therefore, not all changes lead to continuous evolution. For example, people living in tropical countries have more melanin in their bodies to protect them from sunlight. According to Darwin, all living things had a common ancestor at some point in time and have remained unchanged ever since. His theory of evolution supports the theory of change and different theories of evolution.
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Which of the following DNA sequence indicates chromosomal duplication ( mutation) if the normal sequence is
5' CTAGTTGCAAT 3'
5' CTAGTTGTTGCAAT 3'
5' CTAGTGCAAT 3'
5' ATCGTGCAAT 3'
5' CTAGTGCTAA 3'
The DNA sequence indicates chromosomal duplication ( mutation) if the normal sequence is 5' CTAGTTGCAAT 3'.
Replication, as it relates to genes, refers to a type of mutation in which there is one or more copies of a DNA segment. A mutation is a remake in the DNA sequence of an organism. DNA changes during cell division, exposure to errors in reproduction. can result in mutagenesis or viral infection.Reverse tandem duplication occurs when the gene sequence in the duplicated region is exactly different from the normal sequence. In offset transfer, the duplicated area is not close to the normal part.
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the decline of mpf activity at the end of mitosis is due to the decline of mpf activity at the end of mitosis is due to the degradation of cyclin. the destruction of the protein kinase cdk. synthesis of dna. the accumulation of cyclin. decreased synthesis of cdk. request answer
Kinase and cyclin make up MPF. It permits the cell to pass from the G2 to the M stage. MPF deactivates as a cell enters anaphase.
The breakdown of the kinase activity is what results in the decrease in MPF activity towards the conclusion of mitosis (Cdk). The consists of five phases complicated (Associated protein), a binding protein that starts the destruction of M cyclins in anaphase, is activated by MPF, which not only drives the events of Metaphase 1 but also sets off its own demise. Cdk (cyclin kinase, which adds phosphorus to a protein) and cyclins are two key cell cycle regulatory molecules that direct the cell to transition from G1 into S and G2 to M. The MPF (Ripening Promoting Factor) that starts the cell cycle moving forward contains cyclins and CdK. The MPF would remain active if the cyclin was not degraded. Consequently, the cell would experience constant pressure to migrate.
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somatic sensation of your face, ears, nasal areas and pharynx are provided by cranial nerve(s)
Trigeminal Nerve, a motor and sensory nerve, transmits sensory data from the majority of the head, neck, sinuses, and face carries sensory data for the tympanic membrane and the ear as well.
The trigeminal nerves (V), which also innervate the muscles of mastication, are responsible for facial sensibility, while the facial nerve (VII) is primarily responsible for taste perception and the muscles of facial expression. The nerve fibers that regulate facial expression and movement are carried by the facial nerve, the seventh cranial nerve. The facial nerve also carries taste and tear-producing nerves to the front third of the tongue (lacrimal gland). The nerve travels widely throughout the body and influences a number of organ systems and body parts, including the tongue, throat, heart, and gastrointestinal system.
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Which of the following describes the cell wall of plants and prokaryotes?A) The cell wall is a matrix composed mainly of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and proteins.
B) The cell wall is composed of phospholipid bilayer with proteins spread throughout.
C) The cell wall has regions of cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids.
D) The cell wall is composed of glucose and other monosaccharides.
Answer:
A. The cell wall is a matrix composed mainly of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and proteins.
Explanation:
A major role of cell wall is to form the framework for the cell so it can prevent over expansion
Answer:
A. The cell wall is a matrix composed mainly of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and proteins.
Explanation:
Human influences on the carbon cycle may cause major upsets in the balance of the ecosystem because __________.
Human influences on the carbon cycle may cause major upsets in the balance of the ecosystem because increasing the anthropogenic carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere may significantly decrease the amount of calcium carbonate in the deep ocean.
All the organisms and the physical setting they interact with make up an ecosystem. The nutrition cycles and energy flows connect these biotic and abiotic elements. Photosynthesis is how energy enters the system and is absorbed by plant tissue.
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Which of the following bodies of water is/are included in the natural water cycle? Select all that apply.
The water bodies which are included in the natural water cycle are glaciers, lakes, rivers and sea ice.
Water cycle is a biological process in which the movement of water in various forms from the surface of Earth to atmosphere takes place. The processes involved in water cycle are condensation, evaporation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation and transpiration. The water from water bodies first evaporates and moves above and forms clouds. These clouds condense together and when they accumulate enough weight and charge, they precipitate in the form of rain, snowfall etc. This water flows again to the water bodies. The water in the form of dew and transpiration from trees and plants also undergoes similar processes.
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What is the process by which bacterial cells divide?; What is the name of the process whereby a cell divides and makes two daughter cells that are each an exact copy or clone of the parent cell?; Which describes the process of a bacterial?; What do you call bacteria produce when a cell divides to form two new cells?
The phrase "binary fission" best captures the nature of the process by which a bacterial cell divides into two daughter cells. the name of the process whereby a cell divides and makes two daughter cells that are each an exact copy or clone of the parent cell.
Instead of sexual reproduction, bacteria go through mitosis or meiosis. Through binary fission, which creates two cells, they reproduce asexually.Bacteria divide their cells through a process called bacterial binary fission. Discover how binary fission works, including how to duplicate a bacterial chromosome and create a new cell wall.A vital process for life is mitosis. In the mitotic (M) phase, the cell divides its cytoplasm into two parts and divides its DNA into two sets, producing two new cells. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its components, including its chromosomes. Prokaryotes, which include bacteria, divide their cells through a process called binary fission, which is not experienced by eukaryotes. This process shares several characteristics with mitosis, including the need for chromosome replication, segregation of the copied DNA, and cytoplasmic division of the parent cell.
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of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system?
The endomembrane system originates in the ER and moves to the Golgi apparatus, where lysosomes are formed.The ER is a continuous system of tubules and flattened membrane sacks that is designed specifically for lipid production and protein processing.
In what one of the following is the endomembrane system found?The nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, ER, and Golgi apparatus, in addition to the plasma membrane, are all parts of the endomembrane system. The proteins and lipids that make up the membranes are modified, packaged, labeled, and transported by these cellular components.
Which of the following is a quiz question on the endomembrane system?The endomembrane system consists of which of the following - The ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles are components of the endomembrane system. It produces, refines, and transports.
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TRUE/FALSE. in the show making stuff: smarter, a jar of pickles is used to demonstrate a partially working invisibility cloak for microwaves
A sheet of glass known as "float glass" is created by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, most commonly tin, though lead and other low melting point alloys have also been used in the past. With this technique, the sheet is uniformly thick and has incredibly flat surfaces.
Compressive residual surface stress can be intentionally induced to increase the strength of glass. Thermal tempering is a type of heat treatment that can be used to achieve this. This method involves heating the glass to a temperature that is above the glass transition area but below the softening point.
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after a virus binds to a specific host cell receptor, it enters the cell via either receptor-mediated or by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cell.
The viral penetration phase includes different mechanisms through which the virus can enter the host cell after recognizing the receptors. After a virus binds to a specific host cell receptor, it enters the cell via either receptor-mediated endocytosis or by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cell.
How does a virus enter the host cell during penentration phase?
Viruses recognize specific receptors in the membrane of the host cells, where they get attached. These receptors are glycoproteins or lipoproteins that join viral elements and hold them on the host surface.
Once they have recognized their receptor, viruses use different mechanisms to penetrate the host cells.
By injection, by perforating the host cell wall and membrane and injecting the genetic material through a hole. The rest of the virus remains outside the cell. By endocytosis. The virus introduces completely into the host cell by endocytosis of the membrane. Once inside, the virus breaks the vesicle membrane and gets in contact with the cytoplasm. By fusing with the membrane.By going through the pores.After entering the cell, viruses continue their cycle inside the cell.
After a virus binds to a specific host cell receptor, it enters the cell via either receptor-mediated endocytosis or by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cell.
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Complete question
After a virus binds to a specific host cell __, it enters the cell via either receptor-mediated ______ or by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cell.
at present, after subtracting deaths from births, world population increases 1.1 percent per year for a doubling time of
For a doubling time of 58 years world population increases 1.1 percent per year.
"Human population" is the total number of people in a certain location,
The word "human population" simply refers to the total number of people living in a certain location, which may generally be anywhere from a village to the entire world. Although most often used to refer to numbers, the term is also used to describe the population.
We don't know how many early humans there were. However, it's estimated that when humans first appeared a few thousand years ago, there weren't many of them.
Since the start of the industrial revolution, population has surged, and half of them has increased since 1950. The majority of people live in developing nations.
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The 9:3:3:1 ratio associated with a dihybrid cross is a ratio of all possible ______________ resulting from the cross.
linkages
crossover possibilities
genotypes
phenotypes
The 9:3:3:1 ratio associated with a dihybrid cross is a ratio of all possible phenotypes resulting from the cross.
Dihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals that has two (observed) traits controlled by two different and distinct genes. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring in a dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1.
An example is as follows:
Picture a dihybrid cross between AABB and aabb. The F2 generation will show a phenotypic ratio of:
9 gametes have both dominant genes with at least one allele each.3 gametes only have A as the dominant allele.3 gametes only have B as the dominant allele.1 gamete has all recessive alleles.That makes up the genotypic ratio of 1 (AABB) : 2 (AABb) : 1 (AAbb) : 2 (AaBB) :4 (AaBb) : 2 (aAbb) : 1 (aaBB) : 2 (aaBb) : 1 (aabb)
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Distinguish among filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion as they relate to urine formation. Identify in which region of the renal tubules each predominates
Urine formation takes place in the following manner:Glomerular Filtration,Tubular Reabsorption,Tubular Secretion.These manner were clearly explained below.
Filtration:blood is filtered across glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule filtering out most small molecules, electrolytes, and water which forms filtrate.Reabsorption:reabsorb what we want which is mostly water, sodium, glucose, electrolytes, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds by active transport from PCT into tubular capillaries.Secretion: actively secrete what we don't want (hydrogen, potassium, and some drugs/compounds).Urine formation helps in the removal of wastes like creatinine and urea. It helps in the removal of extra fluid from the body, thereby regulating extracellular fluid volume.
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Who made the scientific method?; Did Bacon create the scientific method?; Who came first Bacon or Descartes?; Who created the scientific method ?
The scientific was not necessarily made by an individual, it came to exist out of the development of the scientific culture over time that came to define science. However, Sir Francis Bacon is regarded as the father of the scientific method.
Despite Sir Francis Bacon getting credit for making the scientific method, his scientific method was inspired by the works of other individuals such as Aristotle who came earlier before him.
Beacon did not create the scientific method, as pointed out above, Sir Francis Beacon formulated the scientific method using existing works from other people before him.
Bacon (1561-1626) came first then came Descartes (1596-1650)
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What responses are generated by the nervous system when you run on a treadmill? Include an example of each type of tissue that is under nervous system control.
Running on a treadmill involves contraction of the skeletal muscles in the legs, increase in contraction of the cardiac muscle of the heart, and the production and secretion of sweat in the skin to stay cool.
According to new research in the journal Nature Communications, running regularly trains your central nervous system. This is important because the nervous system can learn over time to activate your muscles in a manner that produces energetically efficient forms of running.
Exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and will induce an integrated response from the body; This response works to maintain an appropriate level of homeostasis for the increased demand in physical, metabolic, respiratory, and cardiovascular efforts.
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where are genes located; what traits are inherited from mother and father; what is genetics; types of genes; recessive genes; what do genes do; what are genes made of; what is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called
Answer: lmk wen u find da answer
Explanation:
Thx 4 da pts
7. list the molecular weights of the standard proteins run on your gel and check the ones that you used to make your standard curve.
When a protein is complexed with the powerful cationic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, its migration distance can be used to calculate its apparent molecular weight (MW) standard curve.
When a protein is complexed with the powerful cationic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, its migration distance can be used to calculate its apparent molecular weight (MW) (SDS-PAGE). Due to its simplicity, this approach, which was developed in 1969, is still widely used today. Even though it has been noted that many proteins exhibit some variation in MW when measured on SDS-PAGE, particularly when their peptide chains are posttranslationally modified, this adaptable technique is still utilized frequently in modern biochemical works today. In this protocol, a straightforward technique to calculate MW by running SDS-PAGE of benchmark proteins is described by an example where proteins extracted from mouse retina were
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a polyclonal antibody made against a large protein antigen reacts with it even when it is denatured by disrupting all disulfide bonds. another monoclonal antibody against the antigen fails to react when it is similarly denatured. the most likely explanation can be stated as follows:
B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce closely patterned antibody molecules from precursor B cell receptors. They are only generated against a single antigenic epitope.
Polyclonal antibodies bind to different epitopes, while monoclonal antibodies bind to only one type of epitope. Once released into the blood and lymph, these antibody molecules bind to the target antigen and initiate its neutralization or destruction. The responses are polyclonal in nature as each clone is somewhat specialized. in the production of antibodies against a given epitope, and because each antigen contains multiple epitopes, each of which in turn can be recognized by more than one B cell clone. Active immunity occurs when exposure to a pathogenic organism causes the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease.
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signal sequences that direct proteins to the correct compartment are group of answer choices are always a permanent component of the protein added to a protein by a protein translocator. encoded in the amino acid sequence and are sufficient for targeting a protein to its correct destination added to proteins through post-translational modification.
Signal sequences that direct proteins to the correct compartment are encoded in the amino acid sequence and sufficient for targeting a protein to its correct destination.
A group of hydrophobic ("water-fearing") amino acids are the signal peptide that directs a protein towards the endoplasmic reticulum during translation. These amino acids are often located around the protein's N-terminus. The signal-recognition particle (SRP), a protein complex, detects this sequence when it protrudes from the ribosome and transports the ribosome to the ER. As it is being created there, the ribosome feeds its amino acid chain into the ER lumen (interior).
When the signal peptide is removed during translation, the final protein is sometimes released into the ER's interior (as shown above). In other instances, the ER membrane becomes encased with the signal peptide or another group of hydrophobic amino acids. As a result, a transmembrane segment is formed, which attaches the protein to the membrane.
Hence, signal peptide are decides the target of the protein site.
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Directions: Based on each person's statement, identify if you agree or disagree by
placing an X in one of the columns on the chart on the back and then explain your
reasoning.
Courtney
Jose
Raquan
Mike
Keisha
Alex
Agree Disagree
Explain your reasoning
Based on each person's statement, here is my analysis:
Courtney: I disagree with Courtney's statement "Obviously, there was not enough food in the sea, so a mutation occurred and that caused Tiktaalik to be able to go on the land." While it is possible that there was not enough food in the sea, the statement suggests that a single mutation was the sole cause of Tiktaalik's ability to go on land, when in reality, evolution is a complex and multifaceted process that is influenced by many different factors.Jose: I disagree with Jose's statement "Tiktaalik must have needed to develop fins that were capable of supporting movement on land." This statement suggests that Tiktaalik needed to develop specific traits in order to survive when in reality, again, evolution is a complex and multifaceted process that is influenced by many different factors.Raquan: I agree with Raquan's statement "Clearly, Tiktaalik encountered a changing environment and it adapted to it." This accurately describes the process of evolution and the role that the environment plays in it.Mike: I disagree with Mike's statement "once it acquired the trait of fins capable of supporting movement on land, as Jose suggested, it passed them onto its offspring." This statement is based on Jose's incorrect statement, so it is also incorrect.Keisha: I agree with Keisha's statement "we do think this is an example of evolution?" This is a question rather than a statement, but based on the previous statements, it seems that the group is discussing the evolution of Tiktaalik. Therefore, Keisha's question is appropriate.Alex: I agree with Alex's statement "I'm not so sure if Tiktaalik evolved into the tetrapods we see today. If Tiktaalik is a fossil, it should be extinct." Tiktaalik is indeed a fossil, and it is thought to be an extinct transitional species that lived approximately 375 million years ago. It is believed to be a link between fish and the first tetrapods, which were the earliest four-limbed vertebrates that could walk on land. However, it is not likely that Tiktaalik evolved directly into the tetrapods we see today, as evolution is a complex process that involves many branching and diverging paths over time.What are 2 examples of homologous structures?; How the bones of animal limbs can have a similar structure but very different functions?; What Four animals are listed as examples of homologous structures?; How do homologous structure develop?
Two examples of homologous structures are: Reptiles and Mammals.
The basic skeletal structure of each is the same. They shared an ancestor with whom they inherited this pattern. They now have diverse uses for their forelimbs, nevertheless. All animals have a fundamental bone structure that is shared by their forelimbs.
Four animals listed as examples of homologous structures: birds wing, arms of primate, flippers of whale and leg vertevrate dog.
Thus, the derivation from a common ancestor accounts for the homologous features of creatures. It is significant to remember that determining whether two structures are homologous relies on which ancestor is being considered their shared ancestor.
What are reptles?
Air-breathing vertebrates called reptiles have unique skin that is covered in scales, bony plates, or a combination of both. Crocodiles, snakes, lizards, turtles, and tortoises are some of them. The skin's outer layer is constantly lost by all. The temperature of their environment affects how they function.
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differences between a light microscope, dissecting microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope
Electron microscopes range from light microscopes in that they produce a photo of a specimen via the usage of a beam of electrons as opposed to a beam of light. Electrons have lots a shorter wavelength than seen light, and this allows electron microscopes to supply better-resolution pix than standard mild microscopes.
Variations among light Microscope and Electron Microscope
mild Microscope Electron Microscope
The item is 5µm or thicker. The item is zero.1µm or thinner.
photo is colored. photo is Black and White.
A vacuum isn't always required. Vacuum is critical for its operation.
An electron microscope utilizes electron beams to extend an object while a mild microscope makes use of mild rays to exaggerate any object. it's miles the principle difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope.
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Light microscopy can be used to examine single cells in living tissue.
Dissecting microscopes are used to view three-dimensional objects and large specimens with a maximum magnification of 100x.
Transmission electron microscopes use light as the illumination source and scanning electron microscopes use electron beams as the illumination source.
A light microscope is an instrument used to visualize the details of an object. This is done by using a series of glass lenses to create a magnified image. This lens first focuses light rays onto or through the object and magnifies the image formed through the convex objective lens. Electron microscopy offers higher magnification and higher resolution images but cannot be used to observe living cells
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mitosis; interphase; prophase; cell cycle phases; s phase of cell cycle; g1 phase of cell cycle; g0 phase of cell cycle; what happens during interphase
During interphase, the G1 phase (cell growth) comes before the S phase (DNA synthesis) and the G2 phase (cell growth).
At the end of the interphase, the mitotic phase, which consists of mitosis and cytokinesis and results in the formation of two daughter cells, occurs.
During the G1 phase, also known as the first gap phase, the cell becomes physically larger, copies organelles, and produces the molecular building blocks that it will require in subsequent steps. Phase S During the S phase, the cell's nucleus makes a complete copy of the DNA. Furthermore, it copies the centrosome, a microtubule-sorting-out structure. The centrosomes aid in DNA separation during the M phase.
During the second gap phase or the G2 phase, the cell expands, produces proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis. At the point when mitosis starts, the G2 stage closes.
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given the type of transporter as determined in part 1, choose all of the correct statements below that relate to the function of the na /ca2 transporter.
Ca2+ is moved against the gradient of its electrochemistry. The Sodium - potassium electrochemical gradient serves as the energy source for the transporter, which moves ions.
What does the source of the meaning mean?Which foods include sources for calcium? noun. anything or somewhere from which anything emerges, is derived, or is acquired. the start or starting point of a river or a river. a source of knowledge, such as a book, statement, someone, etc. the entity or person who is paying dividends or interest.
What sort of source would that be?Primary source examples:
Theses, dissertations, research-based scientific journal articles, occasional publications, symposia and committee meeting proceedings, original artwork, poetry, photos, speeches, letters, memoranda, personal essays, diaries, interviews, and correspondence.
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polyploidy the table shows three related species of potato, and the number of chromosomes each species carries in its somatic cells. s. avilesii is diploid. s. tuberosum is the widely cultivated species. potatoes propagate by asexual reproduction and do not depend only on gametes for reproduction. species solanum avilesii solanum microdontum solanum tuberosum number of chromosomes in somatic cells 24 36 48 classify each statement about these potato species as true or false.
Classify true or false of each statement on potato species
TRUE:
The basic chromosome number (x) for this species is 12Solanum microdontum is triploid with 3x chromosomesSolanum tuberosum is a tetraploid with 4x chromosomesSolanum tuberosum is likely a larger and more hardy plant than S. avilesiiSolanum microdontum may arise from a cross between S. avilessi and S. tuberosumFALSE:
The number of casic chromosomes (x) for this species is 6The gametes produced by Solanum microdontum contain 18 chromosomesSolanum microdontum can only arise from a cross between Solanum avilesii and Solanum tuberosumSolanum microdontum is aneuploidSomatic cells are normal body cells other than reproductive cells and take part in the formation of body structures and hence require mitotic cell division which increases the number of diploid cells. Somatic cells are diploid cells, for example, in S. avilesii they have two series of 12 chromosomes, for a total of 24 chromosomes, in each.
Gamete cells are sex cells consisting of ovum cells (egg cells) in females and spermatozoa cells in males. Gamete cells are cells that function for fertilization or fusion. Gamete cells have a haploid number or half of the chromosomes of the body cells. For example, in Solanum microdontum they have they have 24 chromosomes in gamete cells because the somatic cells are 48 chromosomes.
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a molecular orbital is: group of answer choices a number based on the number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals that indicates how stable a bond is an orbital that encompasses an entire molecule, and results from the interaction of atomic orbitals an orbital that contains more than two electrons an orbital that encompasses more than one molecule the same as an atomic orbital
Atomic orbitals, which reflect the distribution of electrons over two or more atoms, are combined linearly to form molecular orbitals.
What is a quizlet on molecular orbitals?orbitals of molecules. an orbital with a specific energy and form that covers a molecule and can only hold two paired electrons. a MO bond. a molecular orbital is created when wave functions are joined to one another, raising the electron density between the nuclei.
The electron in a molecular orbital is what?The molecular orbital hypothesis basically says that every atom has a tendency to group together to form molecular orbitals. Due to this configuration, electrons can be found in a variety of atomic orbitals and are typically connected to diverse nuclei.
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The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct? a. ATP b. Oxygen c. Carbon dioxide d. Urea
The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the cannot get as a byproduct. Water is a byproduct of all protein and carbohydrate polymer synthesis.
Dehydration synthesis is a sort of reaction in which water is released as a large molecule is created from smaller molecules.The process through which proteins or carbohydrates (polysaccharide) are created is known as dehydration synthesis. For instance, the dehydration synthesis of glucose molecules will result in the formation of starch and the release of water.Consequently, water is always produced as a byproduct during the production of protein or carbohydrate polymers.Water is a byproduct of all protein and carbohydrate polymer synthesis.The process of connecting two smaller molecules, known as monomers, to create a larger molecule, known as a polymer, is known as polymerization. two processes may result inpolymerization;Condensation polymerization involves joining together monomers, which results in the loss of a tiny molecule like water. Additionally, no tiny molecule is lost during polymerization.Proteins and carbohydrates are condensation polymers, which means that every time they form, a water molecule is lost.
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Assume a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a character trait with these genotypic frequencies: AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.50, and aa = 0.25. If you remove all the homozygous dominants and allow the remaining population to reproduce (again under Hardy-Weinberg conditions), what will be the frequency of homozygous dominants in the next generation?
If you remove all the homozygous dominants and allow the remaining population to reproduce ,The frequency of homozygous dominants in the next generation is 0.11.
The genotypic frequencies: AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.50, and aa = 0.25.
I just simply used the probability rule. p(Aa) = 1/2
Probability to get homozygous dominantsby crossing AAx aa = 1/4
so (1/2) x (1/4) = 1/8 = 0.125 which is pretty close to 0.11
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Which of the following foods is often recommended for an athlete who wants to replenish his or her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity? Select one: a. Protein supplements • b. Fruit juices c. Raw eggs d. Ripe avocados
The higher the intensity, the greater the glycogen depletion. Walking depletes very little glycogen.
Why is glycogen synthesis increased immediately after strenuous exercise?Several factors contribute to the enhanced synthesis rates during the first 2 h after exercise: these include activation of glycogen synthase by glycogen depletion (83) as well as exercise-induced increases in insulin sensitivity (87) and permeability of the muscle cell membrane to glucose.But how long does it take before glycogen stores are empty? To give you a rule of thumb: after approximately 80 minutes of exercise at a maximum lactate steady state, glycogen stores are depleted.Glucose is one of the nutrients that can be metabolized for ATP production. Magnesium and iron are two minerals that cannot be metabolized for ATP production. Minerals are used to enhance the activity of various enzymes.Eat a high-carbohydrate meal within two hours of exercise. Eating a high-carbohydrate meal or snack soon after physical activity increases glycogen storage in the muscles. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy source for all muscle contractions. When ATP is degraded into ADP+Pi, energy is released.To learn more about glycogen refer to:
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