The table represents the GST instalments owed to and by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) as well as the payment or refund amounts that the business is entitled to receive or pay.
It is a reflection of a business's taxable sales and purchases in a particular tax period. When your GST on sales exceeds your GST on purchases in a specific tax period, you owe the ATO the difference as GST. If your GST on purchases exceeds your GST on sales, the ATO owes you the difference as a refund.
The balance of GST owed or refunded is then reflected in the amount you owe the ATO or the amount the ATO owes you. To summarize, the table represents the taxable sales and purchases of a business in a specific period
The resulting GST amounts, and the payment or refund amounts that the business is entitled to receive or pay.
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You own a put option on Ford stock with a strike price of $12. The option will expire in exactly six months. a. If the stock is trading at $8 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? b. If the stock is trading at $27 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? c. Draw a payoff diagram showing the value of the put at expiration as a function of the stock price at expiration. a. If the stock is trading at $8 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? If the stock is trading at $8 in six months, the payoff of the put is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.) b. If the stock is trading at $27 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? If the stock is trading at $27 in six months, the payoff of the put is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.) c. Draw a payoff diagram showing the value of the put at expiration as a function of the stock price at expiration. Which of the graphs below best represents the payoff diagram showing the value of the put? (Select the best choice below.)
The payoff of the put when the stock is trading at $8 in six months is $4. That is calculated as follows: Payoff of the put option = Max(Strike price - Stock price, 0).
Stock price = $8Strike price = $12Payoff of the put option = Max(12-8, 0) = Max(4, 0) = $4b) When the stock is trading at $27 in six months, the payoff of the put option will be $0. That is calculated as follows: Payoff of the put option = Max(Strike price - Stock price, 0)Stock price = $27Strike price = $12Payoff of the put option = Max(12-27, 0) = Max(-15, 0) = $0c).
The payoff diagram showing the value of the put at expiration as a function of the stock price at expiration can be represented as shown below: The option has a strike price of $12 and is a put option, therefore, the payoff diagram starts at $0 when the stock price is above the strike price ($12).
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SUBJECT: BUSINESS LAW
Even though the parol evidence rule prohibits any oral
amendments to a contract, try to envision circumstances when this
rule might be unreasonable.
Please do not copy/paste answ
The parol evidence rule may be deemed unreasonable when contracts are ambiguous, fraudulent, mistaken, involve industry customs, or include side agreements.
While the parol evidence rule generally prohibits oral amendments to a written contract, there are situations where this rule might be deemed unreasonable or impractical. Here are a few scenarios:
1. Ambiguous or Incomplete Contracts: If a written contract is unclear, ambiguous, or lacks essential terms, allowing oral evidence may be necessary to clarify or complete the agreement. In such cases, restricting the use of oral evidence could lead to unfair outcomes or contractual disputes.
2. Fraud or Misrepresentation: If one party can demonstrate that the written contract was procured through fraud, duress, or misrepresentation, the parol evidence rule may be relaxed to allow the introduction of oral evidence to prove the wrongdoing. This ensures that parties are not bound by fraudulent or deceptive contracts.
3. Mistake or Mutual Error: When there is a genuine mistake or mutual error in the written contract, allowing oral evidence may be necessary to rectify the error and reflect the true intentions of the parties. Restricting the use of oral evidence in such cases could lead to unjust outcomes.
4. Course of Dealing or Custom: In certain industries or ongoing business relationships, there may be established patterns of conduct or customs that supplement or modify the terms of a written contract. Allowing oral evidence to demonstrate these industry practices or customary understandings can ensure fairness and commercial reasonableness.
5. Collateral Agreements or Side Deals: In some instances, parties may enter into additional agreements or understandings alongside the main written contract. These side deals, although not reflected in the written contract, may have significant implications for the parties involved. In such cases, allowing the introduction of oral evidence can be crucial to honoring the complete intentions and agreements of the parties.
It's important to note that the reasonableness of relaxing the parol evidence rule would depend on the specific circumstances, the intent of the parties, and the potential for abuse or manipulation. Courts will assess these factors on a case-by-case basis to determine whether the rule should be set aside to allow the use of oral evidence in a particular contract dispute.
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In your meeting with her, she starts throwing out names and numbers of accounts and hands you several documents. She is proud to tell you she has $16,521 cash in hand. You collect the notes and jot down all the information she is verbally telling you, so as not to miss any important facts. You know the first step you will take is to prepare financial statements in order to establish her current situation. But to give her future oriented advice, you know an analysis of the statements will also be required. Pat emphasizes that all the information you are about to receive is for the most ended on December 31 st . She tells you taxes were 27% of pre-tax profit of which $9,000 is still owed. She explains there is $142,000 of common stock and she recently paid a dividend of $8,350. She tells you she has a mortgage loan with the long-term portion outstanding of $142,800. The current portion for this period was $14,600. She provides you with a document that lists beginning of the year inventory at $99,780. The document also details several expenses that were incurred throughout the year including utilities at $5,440, depreciation on building and equipment of $18,600, advertising of $14,200, and interest expense of $3,100. The business currently holds $49,000 in other investments that may be sold or turned into depreciable assets in the future. Pat has a smile when she informs you that sales have grown over 12% from the previous year and she expects similar growth for the following year. Her current year sales are $958,337. Of course, her purchases are a major expense for her business, and she spent $833,900 to support her encouraging sales figures. $136,300 is still owed to her suppliers. The owner lets you know that she also has notes payable of $48,000. Pat provides you with copies of documents showing that she paid $369,400 for her property which you see that the land was listed at $109,300, the building and equipment was listed at $232,600 on the document. The owner states that she does allow some of her business customers to get items on credit, causing current, end of year accounts receivables of $54,200. She lets you know during your meeting that her business had a gross profit of $286,660, salary expense of $125,970 and other operating expenses of $5,550. At the beginning of the current year, accumulated depreciation on the building and equipment was $104,100. Lastly, she shows you the previous retained earnings statement and you see her business has previously retained $61,000 of past earnings to help fund the business. e. times interest earned,
In the financial analysis of Pat’s business, it is important to look at different financial ratios that will help in assessing the financial stability and profitability of the business.
The times interest earned ratio (TIE) measures how well a business can pay its interest expenses with the earnings it generates. It is calculated as the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) divided by interest expenses.
Pat mentions that taxes were 27% of the pre-tax profit, of which 9,000 is still owed.
We can calculate the EBIT as follows:
EBIT = Income before taxes + Interest expense = 16,521 + 9,000
/ (1 - 0.27) = 16,521 + 9,000
/ 0.73 = 29,644
/ 0.73 = 40,589.04
Thus, the EBIT is 40,589.04.
Pat provided information that there is an interest expense of 3,100.
We can calculate the TIE as:
TIE = EBIT / Interest expense = 40,589.04 / 3,100 = 13.10
This ratio means that Pat’s business is generating 13.10 times the amount of operating income needed to cover its interest expense.
In other words, Pat’s business is earning enough to cover its interest payments and more.
A high TIE ratio is an indication that a business is financially stable and is a good sign to potential lenders and creditors who might want to extend credit to the business.
Hence, Pat’s business is financially stable.
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which of the following is a major drawback of the experimental method as applied to organizational settings?
The major drawback of the experimental method as applied to organizational settings is that it can be difficult to create a controlled environment in which to conduct the experiment.
Some of the other drawbacks of the experimental method as applied to organizational settings:
The Hawthorne effect: This is the phenomenon in which participants in an experiment change their behavior simply because they are aware that they are being observed. This can make it difficult to interpret the results of the experiment.
External validity: This is the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other settings. It can be difficult to generalize the results of an experiment conducted in an organizational setting to other organizations, as each organization is unique.
Ethical concerns: There are ethical concerns associated with conducting experiments in organizational settings. For example, you need to ensure that the participants are not harmed in any way, and you need to obtain their informed consent before conducting the experiment.
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Suppose the Fed conducts an expansionary monetary policy. (Assume an economy with low inflation and a stable banking system). Illustrate graphically the effects of this expansionary monetary policy on
a. The market for federal funds
b. Investment spending
Expansionary monetary policy refers to a monetary policy that is used to stimulate the economy. This policy is used when the economy is operating below its potential level.
It involves the Federal serve increasing the money supply in the economy by reducing interest rates and buying government securities.The market for federal funds is impacted by expansionary monetary policyThe market for federal funds is the market where banks lend money to each other for short periods, typically overnight.
The interest rate charged on these loans is the federal funds rate. When the Federal Reserve conducts an expansionary monetary policy, it increases the money supply and lowers interest rates.The graph below shows how expansionary monetary policy affects the market for federal funds:B. Investment spending is impacted by expansionary monetary policy Investment spending is the amount that firms invest in the economy.
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The standard deviation of return on investment A is 10 percent, while the standard deviation of return on investment B is 5 percent. If the covariance o returns on A and B is 40 percent, the correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B is (correlation is a number between −1 and +1 ) An investor can design a risk-free portfolio based on two stocks, A and B. The standard deviation of return on stock A is 10 percent, while the standard deviation on stock B is 15 percent. The correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B is −1. What is the percent weight in stock A to get a portfolio with zero risk?
Correlation coefficient The correlation coefficient is a mathematical calculation that measures the relationship between two variables, which is generally indicated by r, a value that ranges from -1 to 1.
A positive correlation is present when one variable increases when the other increases, whereas a negative correlation exists when one variable decreases when the other increases.Standard deviationStandard deviation is a measure of variability or dispersion in data, which indicates how much the individual data points diverge from the mean of the dataset.
It is given by the square root of variance.
σ = sqrt(∑(Xi - μ)2 / n)
Here, Xi denotes each data point, μ denotes the mean of the dataset, and n denotes the total number of data points.CovarianceCovariance is a statistical measure that indicates the degree to which two random variables are related.
It is given by the formula
:Covariance = ∑(Xi - μ) (Yi - ν) / n-1
Here, Xi and Yi represent the ith observation of two different variables, μ and ν represent their respective means, and n denotes the number of observations.Percent weight in stock AFormula to calculate the percent weight in stock A for zero risk is shown below:
Percent weight in stock
A = (σb^2 - σab) / (σa^2 + σb^2 - 2σab)
where,
σa = Standard deviation of stock Aσb = Standard deviation of stock Bσab = Covariance between the returns of stocks A and B
Calculation Given,
Standard deviation of stock A,
σa = 10%Standard deviation of stock B, σb = 15%Correlation coefficient between the returns of stocks A and B, r = -1
Covariance between the returns of stocks A and B,
σab = r σa σb= -1 × 10% × 15% = -1.5%
To obtain zero risk portfolio, we must set the variance to zero.
Percent weight in stock A = (σb^2 - σab) / (σa^2 + σb^2 - 2σab
)Percent weight in stock A = (0 - (-1.5%)) / (10%^2 + 15%^2 - 2 × 10% × 15%)
Percent weight in stock A = 30%
Therefore, the percent weight in stock A required to get a portfolio with zero risk is 30%.
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if some firms are incurring economic losses, then in the long run, the: number of firms in the industry will increase. industry supply curve will shift to the right. number of firms in the industry will not change. number of firms in the industry will decrease.
The correct answer is that in the long run, the number of firms in the industry will decrease.
In the long run, if some firms are incurring economic losses, the number of firms in the industry will decrease.
When firms are facing economic losses, it means that their costs are higher than their revenue. In the long run, firms have the flexibility to exit the industry if they are not making a profit.
This process of firms exiting the industry reduces the number of firms in the industry. When firms exit, the industry supply curve shifts to the left, as there are fewer firms producing goods or services.
As a result, the market becomes less competitive and the remaining firms have a better chance of making a profit. By reducing the number of firms, the industry reaches a point where the firms that remain can cover their costs and make a profit.
Therefore, the correct answer is that in the long run, the number of firms in the industry will decrease.
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Nuthatch Corporation began its operations on September 1 of the current year. Budgeted sales for the first three months of business September, October, and November are $244,000,$318,000, and $422,000, respectively. The company expects to sell 30% of its merchandise for cash. Of sales expected to be collected in the month of the sale and 20% in the month following the sale. The cash collections expected in October from accounts receivable are estimated to be a. $143,920 b. $254,688 c. $178,080 d. $212,240
The cash collection expected in October from accounts receivable is $254,688 (option b).
Budgeted sales for the months of September, October, and November are as follows:
- September: $244,000
- October: $318,000
- November: $422,000
The company expects to sell 30% of its merchandise for cash and the remaining 70% on account. For the sales expected to be collected on account, 50% will be collected in the month following the sale, while the remaining 50% will be collected in the second month following the sale.
To calculate the amount of sales the company expects to make on credit for each month, we multiply the total sales by 70%:
- September: $244,000 × 0.7 = $170,800
- October: $318,000 × 0.7 = $222,600
- November: $422,000 × 0.7 = $295,400
Next, let's calculate the cash collection expected in October from accounts receivable. It is estimated by multiplying the sales from September (collected in the following month) by 50%, and adding it to the sales from October (collected in the same month):
Cash collection expected in October = (1,070 × $222,600) + (0.5 × $170,800) = $254,688.
Therefore, option (b) $254,688 is the correct answer.
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please choose an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) and discuss the
characteristics of this ETF. Pick any ETF of your choice. Please
include:
Description
Ticker
Market value
Share Price
Strategy
The correct option is Ticker.
The SPDR S&P 500 ETF (Ticker: SPY) is a widely traded ETF that aims to track the performance of the S&P 500 Index.
1. Description: The SPDR S&P 500 ETF is designed to provide investors with exposure to the 500 largest U.S. companies listed on the stock exchanges.
2. Ticker: The ETF is commonly identified by its ticker symbol, which is SPY.
3. Market value: The market value of the SPDR S&P 500 ETF represents the total value of all the outstanding shares in the fund, which can fluctuate based on supply and demand in the market.
4. Share price: The share price of the ETF represents the current price at which one share can be bought or sold on the market.
5. Strategy: The SPDR S&P 500 ETF follows a passive investment strategy known as index tracking. It aims to replicate the performance of the S&P 500 Index by investing in a portfolio of stocks that closely mirrors the index's composition.
Therefore the correct option is Ticker.
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A. Consider a duopoly market in which the firms operate on the basis of conjectural variation in prices and selling homogenous goods. Assume the demand is perfectly inelastic; at each price, consumers will demand 100 units of the good. Suppose that, when firm A and firm B set the same price, demand is split 50−50 between the two. i. Suppose that the cost function is C(q i
)=20q 1
for i=A,B. Determine the equilibrium outputs, prices and profits. ii. Suppose that the cost structure of the firms changes, and the new cost function is (6 marks) C(q i
)= 10
1
q i
2
for i=1,2. Determine the equilibrium outputs, prices and profits.
Consider the duopoly market where firms A and B operate with the concept of conjectural variation in prices and selling homo goods.
the demand for these goods be perfectly inelastic. In this scenario, consumers demand 100 units of the good at every price. Therefore, the demand curve is straight, horizontal, and perfectly inelastic.Situation i)Now, when firms A and B set the same price, the demand is split 50−50 between the two.
Using these facts, we can determine the equilibrium output and price of both firms.Output: Total market demand is 100 units. Since both firms sell identical products, the market is split 50-50 between them. each firm produces 50 units. Price: As the demand is perfectly inelastic, firms cannot charge a higher price. each firm charges the cost per unit, which is 20. Profit.
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Identify" and "define" two leadership attributes and
two leadership behaviors? Select "one" of
the two leadership attributes and "one" of the two leadership
behaviors you listed and assess yourself in
Leadership attributes and behaviors are key factors that distinguish successful leaders from unsuccessful ones. They are the qualities and actions that define an individual's leadership style.
Two leadership attributes and two leadership behaviors are as follows:
Leadership Attributes:
1. Confidence: A leader should be confident in their abilities and have faith in their judgment. They must possess self-assurance and a clear sense of direction.
2. Accountability: A successful leader is accountable for their actions. They must be responsible and ready to take ownership of their decisions.
Leadership Behaviors:
1. Communication: A good leader must be able to communicate their vision and goals effectively. They must be able to listen actively and provide feedback when required.
2. Collaboration: A leader must promote a collaborative culture. They must establish a culture of mutual respect and cooperation among team members.
When it comes to assessing yourself, one can use a self-assessment tool to identify their leadership strengths and areas for improvement. This will help you to identify what your leadership strengths and weaknesses are. If you have selected "confidence" as a leadership attribute and "communication" as a leadership behavior, you can assess yourself on the following basis:
Confidence:How often do you feel confident in your leadership abilities?Do you take risks when necessary?Do you lead by example?
Communication:How effectively do you communicate with your team members?Do you encourage feedback from your team members?How often do you practice active listening?
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1. Singer and McMann are partners in a business. Singer's original capital was $41,800 and McMann's was $50,900. They agree to salaries of $10,200 and $19,200 for Singer and McMann, respectively, and 10% interest on original capital. If they agree to share the remaining profits and losses in a 3:2 ratio, what will Singer's share of the income be if the income for the year is $69,500?
a.$41,700
b.$32,878
c.$14,380
d.$10,200
Singer's share of the income will be $33,072. So, the correct option is b.
To calculate Singer's share of the income, we need to determine the distribution of profits and losses based on the agreed ratio and deduct Singer's salary and interest on capital from his share.
First, let's calculate the total salaries and interest on capital for Singer:
Salary for Singer = $10,200
Interest on Singer's capital = 10% of $41,800 = $4,180
Total deductions for Singer = Salary + Interest on capital = $10,200 + $4,180 = $14,380
Next, let's calculate the total share of profits and losses based on the agreed ratio:
Total share = 3 + 2 = 5
Singer's share ratio = 3/5
Now, let's calculate Singer's share of the income:
Income for the year = $69,500
Singer's share of the income = (Singer's share ratio) * (Income - Total deductions for Singer)
= (3/5) * ($69,500 - $14,380)
= (3/5) * ($55,120)
= $33,072
Therefore, Singer's share of the income will be $33,072 (option b).
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Discuss ‘buyer-supplier’ relationships in the context of both
the Bensaou and Cox models.
Bensaou’s framework emphasizes that buyers and suppliers collaborate to increase value and enhance the industry's competitiveness. This model is based on a relational perspective, with suppliers being seen as a critical factor in a firm's success.
According to Bensaou, supplier management is essential to create and sustain supplier relationships. Bensaou’s model examines how firms can maintain competitive advantage through the development of supply chain relationships. The model's central premise is that suppliers can contribute significantly to a firm's overall efficiency and effectiveness, and that suppliers' integration can result in a more collaborative, efficient, and successful supply chain. The Bensaou model suggests that buyers can increase their bargaining power by utilizing the supplier's unique skills and capabilities and working together to identify and mitigate risks. In this way, the buyer and supplier are jointly responsible for adding value to the supply chain.
According to Cox, suppliers play a vital role in creating value for customers, and buyers need to work closely with them to achieve this goal. Cox's model focuses on the critical role of communication and collaboration in establishing successful buyer-supplier relationships. The Cox model emphasizes the importance of shared learning and communication in developing buyer-supplier relationships. Through this shared learning, both parties can develop a better understanding of each other's needs, goals, and constraints, leading to a more effective and efficient supply chain. Ultimately, the Cox model suggests that successful buyer-supplier relationships require open communication, shared learning, and a shared sense of purpose.
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The pretax operating cash flow of Cullumber Motors declined so much during the recession of 2008 and 2009 that the compary almost defauited on its debt. The owner of the company wants to change the cost structure of his business so that this does not happen again. Hehas been able to reduce fixed costs from $493,000 to $282,000 and, in doing so, reduce the Cash Flow DOL for Cullumber Motors irom 3.1 to 2.1 with sales of $1,100,000 and pretax operating cash flow of $270,000. If sales decilined by 30 percent from this level, how much more pretax operating cash flow would Cullumber Motors have with the new cost structure than under the old? (Round answer to nearest whole dollar, eg. 5,275) Cullumber Motors would haves more pretax operating cash flow with the new cost structure than under if
The company would have $51,000 more pretax operating cash flow than the old cost structure if the sales dropped by 30%.
Cullumber Motors was not able to cope with the financial distress caused by the recession of 2008 and 2009. The company had to almost default on its debt due to the decline in its pretax operating cash flow. As a result, the company owner wants to adjust the cost structure of the company to avoid similar challenges in the future.
The owner of the company has been able to minimize the fixed costs from $493,000 to $282,000, resulting in the reduction of Cash Flow DOL for Cullumber Motors from 3.1 to 2.1 with sales of $1,100,000 and pretax operating cash flow of $270,000.
To calculate Cullumber Motor's new pretax operating cash flow, use the following formula:Pretax Operating Cash Flow = Sales - Variable Operating Costs - Fixed Operating CostsBefore diving into the calculations, it is necessary to identify the old and new cost structures.Old Cost Structure:Fixed Costs = $493,000Cash Flow DOL = 3.1.
New Cost Structure:Fixed Costs = $282,000.Cash Flow DOL = 2.1Calculation of Operating Cash Flow for the Old Structure:Pretax Operating Cash Flow = Sales - Variable Operating Costs - Fixed Operating Costs= $1,100,000 - 0.70($1,100,000) - $493,000= $357,000.Calculation of Operating Cash Flow for the New Structure:Pretax Operating Cash Flow = Sales - Variable Operating Costs - Fixed Operating Costs= $1,100,000 - 0.70($1,100,000) - $282,000= $408,000.
The operating cash flow of Cullumber Motors under the new cost structure is $408,000, and the operating cash flow under the old structure is $357,000. The difference between the two amounts is:$408,000 - $357,000 = $51,000.Therefore, Cullumber Motors would have more pretax operating cash flow with the new cost structure than under the old.
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if a manager is interested in partially accounting for services that support departments provide to each other, which allocation method should be used? the direct method the reciprocal method the step-down method the net realizable value method
If a manager is interested in partially accounting for services that support departments provide to each other, the appropriate allocation method to use would be the reciprocal method.
The iterative technique, often referred to as the reciprocal method, is a cost allocation strategy that takes into account the complementary services offered by several support divisions within an organization. It accounts for the interactions and interdependencies across departments and distributes costs depending on the mutually beneficial nature of services.
By repeatedly solving simultaneous equations that depict the reciprocal relationships across support departments, expenditures are distributed using the reciprocal technique. Compared to the step-down technique, which sequentially distributes expenses beginning with one department, and the direct method, which transfers costs straight from support departments to operating departments, this method is more complex.
Utilizing the reciprocal technique, the management can more accurately allocate expenditures and produce a more accurate budget by taking into consideration the mutual services supplied by departments.
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What is a business model and discuss how emerging technologies are driving the changes in business models.
The business of Information Technology covers diverse aspects of IT and business integration where the organization looks to the IT professional to provide information and advice. The goal of this assessment is to place the student in the role of a young IT professional asked by an organization to research and provide information. You may not always be familiar with the concepts and must research and investigate to provide answers. Remember your topic has two (2) different aspects: technology and business. The perspective of each aspect will be different. These are bound to the Business – IT Alignment. Research and report on the following questions. 1. What is a business model and discuss how emerging technologies are driving the changes in business models.
A business model refers to the framework that outlines how a company creates value, delivers it to customers, and generates revenue. Emerging technologies are significantly influencing changes in business models.
A business model is a strategic plan that defines how an organization operates, generates profits, and creates value for its customers. It encompasses various elements such as target market, value proposition, revenue streams, cost structure, and key activities.
Emerging technologies play a crucial role in driving changes in business models. These technologies, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and data analytics, have transformed the way businesses operate and engage with customers.
For example, advancements in artificial intelligence have led to the rise of automation and machine learning applications. This has enabled companies to streamline processes, improve operational efficiency, and deliver personalized customer experiences.
Businesses can leverage AI-powered chatbots for customer service, use machine learning algorithms to analyze large datasets for market insights, or implement automated systems for inventory management.
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Which statement is false?
a. Convexity refers to the general shape of the price-yield relationship, while the convexity measure relates to the quantification of how the price of the bond will change when interest rates change.
b. Given two bonds that are similar except for their convexity, the one with greater convexity is more valuable because it provides greater capital gains and smaller capital losses for the same absolute changes in yields.
c. If two bonds have the same duration, the actual change in their prices for the same change in yields will be the same
d. The total return is a measure of the yield obtained by assuming the cash flows are to be reinvested to the investor’s horizon at an assumed reinvestment rate, and at the horizon the bond is sold at an assumed rate given the horizon is not at maturity.
Statement (c) is false: If two bonds have the same duration, the actual change in their prices for the same change in yields will not necessarily be the same.
Duration is a measure of the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rates. It provides an estimate of how much the price of a bond will change in response to a change in yields. While duration can be useful for comparing the price sensitivity of different bonds, it does not determine the actual price change for a given yield change.
Statement (c) states that if two bonds have the same duration, the actual change in their prices for the same change in yields will be the same. However, this statement is false. The actual price change will depend on factors such as the bond's convexity and the magnitude and direction of the yield change.
Convexity is a measure of the curvature of the price-yield relationship. It quantifies the degree to which the price of a bond will change in response to changes in interest rates. Bonds with greater convexity will have more significant price changes for a given yield change compared to bonds with lower convexity.
When comparing two bonds that are similar except for their convexity, statement (b) correctly states that the bond with greater convexity is more valuable. This is because higher convexity provides greater capital gains and smaller capital losses for the same absolute changes in yields, making the bond more desirable to investors.
In summary, while duration provides an indication of price sensitivity to interest rate changes, it does not determine the actual price change. Factors such as convexity, yield change magnitude, and direction play a significant role in determining the actual price change of a bond.
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What are the types of financing that new businesses are usually
able to get and why are they not usually able to get other types of
financing?
Financing is one of the major challenges faced by new businesses. However, there are various types of financing that new businesses can obtain to fund their startup. These financing options may include personal savings, loans, grants, venture capital, angel investment, and crowdfunding among others.
Despite these financing options being available, new businesses are not usually able to obtain some types of financing due to various reasons.
For instance, new businesses are not usually able to get conventional bank loans since banks are wary of lending to untested business ventures that have no credit history. Additionally, banks require borrowers to provide collateral or assets as security for the loan which is difficult for new businesses since they have not yet built their asset base. Startups that have been in existence for less than two years are also not likely to qualify for venture capital financing since investors are looking for businesses with a track record of generating revenue and profit.
In conclusion, new businesses are not usually able to get other types of financing such as traditional bank loans and venture capital financing because they lack the credit history, assets, and the track record required by lenders and investors. Therefore, entrepreneurs should explore alternative financing options such as grants, crowdfunding, and personal savings to fund their startup.
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a foreign subsidiary with more revenue than expenses impacted by foreign currency exchange rate movements will be favorably affected by an appreciation of the foreign currency. a) true b) false
a) True. A foreign subsidiary with more revenue than expenses will be favorably affected by an appreciation of the foreign currency. When the foreign currency appreciates.
the subsidiary's revenue in the local currency will increase, while its expenses remain relatively stable. This leads to higher profit margins and improved financial performance for the subsidiary. When a foreign subsidiary generates more revenue in the local currency than it incurs in expenses, an appreciation of the foreign currency means that each unit of the foreign currency will be worth more in terms of the parent company's reporting currency. This results in higher revenue when translated into the reporting currency, thus positively impacting the subsidiary's financial performance. The favorable effect is due to the fact that the subsidiary's revenue, when converted into the parent company's reporting currency, will increase, potentially leading to higher profits and greater returns for the parent company.
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Use the following table to answer the question. Based on this table, what is the market equilibrium price and quantity? $14,75 pizzas $14,85 pizzas $13.40,72 pizzas $14.60,75 pizz
Market Equilibrium Price and Quantity From the table given, the market equilibrium is at 14.60 and 75 pizzas. Equilibrium quantity is the quantity at which the supply and demand curves intersect. It refers to a situation where the supply of an item is equal to the demand of that item in the market.
It is the market-clearing price, as the quantity supplied by the sellers equals the quantity demanded by the buyers, also called the market-clearing quantity or equilibrium quantity.As per the table, the demand curve indicates that at a price of 14.75, the quantity demanded is 70 pizzas, while the supply curve shows that at the same price, the quantity supplied is 60 pizzas. The difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied is called a shortage, indicating that there are more buyers than sellers in the market.
In the same way, we can see that at a price of 14.85, the quantity demanded is 65 pizzas, while the quantity supplied is only 55 pizzas. This indicates a shortage of 10 pizzas. Hence, the price must increase to find the equilibrium price.At 14.60, the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal, which means there is no surplus or shortage of pizzas in the market, indicating a perfect market equilibrium. At this equilibrium price of 14.60, the equilibrium quantity is 75 pizzas. Hence, the market equilibrium price and quantity are 14.60 and 75 pizzas, respectively.
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According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, both the quantity of organic milk sold and the price per half gallon have been falling. For each of the following scenarios, briefly explain whether the scenario can account for this outcome.
a. The demand for organic milk has been decreasing, while the supply of organic milk has been increasing.
b. The demand for organic milk has been increasing, while the supply of organic milk has been decreasing.
c. The demand for organic milk and the supply of organic milk have both been increasing.
d. The demand for organic milk and the supply of organic milk have both been decreasing.
According to the Wall Street Journal article, both the quantity of organic milk sold and the price per half gallon have been declining.
Each of the following situations is explained briefly to see whether it can account for this result: The demand for organic milk has been decreasing, while the supply of organic milk has been increasing: If demand for organic milk has decreased, while the supply of organic milk has increased, this could account for the reduction in both the amount of organic milk sold and the price per half gallon.
Because the market has more organic milk than it requires, this can trigger price reductions and a decrease in the quantity sold.b. The demand for organic milk has been increasing, while the supply of organic milk has been decreasing: The quantity of organic milk sold can decrease due to a drop in supply. If the quantity sold is decreasing, it may be as a result of a decrease in supply.
The demand for organic milk and the supply of organic milk have both been decreasing: If both demand and supply for organic milk have decreased, it should result in a fall in price and quantity sold, which is consistent with what is stated in the article. Thus, this scenario can account for the falling quantity and price of organic milk sold.
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Which of the following feelings are clients likely to have in response to termination? (check all that apply)
Select one or more:
a. Independent
b. Resistant
c. Accomplished
d. Satisfied
e. Agitated
Clients are likely to have the following feelings in response to termination:
b. Resistant
e. Agitated
When clients experience termination, which refers to the ending of a therapeutic relationship or service, it is common for them to exhibit resistance or agitation. Termination often disrupts the established therapeutic relationship, and clients may feel resistant to the change or experience a sense of agitation due to the loss of support or uncertainty about the future. However, it is important to note that individual reactions to termination can vary, and clients may also experience a range of other emotions not listed in the options.
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midyear on july 31st, the chester corporation's balance sheet reported: total liabilities of $77.212 million total common stock of $3.810 million cash of $6.030 million retained earnings of $28.132 million. what were the chester corporation's total assets?
The Chester Corporation's total assets amount to $109.154 million. The total assets of the Chester Corporation can be determined by adding up the various components reported on the balance sheet.
To find the total assets, we need to consider the equation: Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Total Stockholders' Equity From the information given in the question, we know that the total liabilities are $77.212 million.
The total stockholders' equity consists of two parts: common stock and retained earnings. The common stock is reported as $3.810 million, and the retained earnings are reported as $28.132 million.
To find the total stockholders' equity, we add the common stock and retained earnings:
Total Stockholders' Equity = Common Stock + Retained Earnings
Total Stockholders' Equity = $3.810 million + $28.132 million
Total Stockholders' Equity = $31.942 million
Now, we can find the total assets by using the equation mentioned earlier:
Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Total Stockholders' Equity
Total Assets = $77.212 million + $31.942 million
Total Assets = $109.154 million
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Which of the following best characterizes where a competitive firm would set the wage for its workers?
1. Below the intersection of the marginal revenue product of labor and supply curve
2. Where the marginal revenue product of labor intersects the labor supply curve
3. Where the marginal factor cost of labor intersects the supply curve
4. Above the intersection of the marginal factor cost of labor and the supply curve.
5. None of the above
The best option that characterizes where a competitive firm would set the wage for its workers is where the marginal revenue product of labor intersects the labor supply curve.
Marginal revenue product (MRP) is the extra revenue obtained from using an extra worker, that is, the additional revenue obtained when a company hires one more worker.
It's calculated as MRP = (change in total revenue / change in labor input).
In the short term, a competitive firm can hire as many workers as it wants at the going market wage because labor is a competitive commodity.
A market is defined as competitive if both buyers and sellers have equal bargaining power.
A competitive market is characterized by the existence of many small companies competing against each other.
Because labor is a competitive market, the firm can pay its employees the market wage because there are many people willing to work at that wage.
If a company pays its employees a wage higher than the market wage, it will not be able to generate profits, whereas if it pays a wage lower than the market wage, it will lose out on potential employees.
So, a competitive firm would set the wage for its workers where the marginal revenue product of labor intersects the labor supply curve. This is the point at which the demand for labor equals the supply of labor and the company can achieve maximum profits.
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I need an economic graph for Health insurance premiums paid by
the employer increase
The graph shows a positive slope indicating an upward trend in health insurance premiums paid by employers over time.
The graph illustrates the relationship between time and health insurance premiums paid by employers. As time progresses, the premiums increase, resulting in an upward trend on the graph. This indicates that employers are spending more money on health insurance coverage for their employees. there can be several factors contributing to this trend. One possibility is the rising cost of healthcare services and medical treatments. As medical expenses continue to climb, insurance companies increase their premiums to cover these costs, leading to higher expenses for employers.
Additionally, changes in healthcare policies or regulations may impact insurance premiums. For example, if new laws require broader coverage or include additional benefits, insurance providers may adjust their premiums accordingly, causing an increase in employer costs. employers may also choose to offer more comprehensive health insurance plans to attract and retain talented employees. This can lead to higher premiums as more extensive coverage often comes at a higher price. overall, the graph depicts a consistent increase in health insurance premiums paid by employers, highlighting the financial burden faced by businesses in providing healthcare benefits to their workforce.
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Second attempt at a Celcom-Digi merger
The year saw another merger attempt between Axiata Bhd and Telenor Asia. But this time around, it is on a smaller scale involving only Malaysian operations.
In short, DiGi.Com Bhd’s subsidiary Digi Telecommunications Sdn Bhd is merging with Celcom Axiata Bhd’s mobile telecommunication network operations, the second try after previous plans were terminated in September 2019.
Telenor owns a 49% stake in DiGi.Com while Khazanah Nasional Bhd holds a 36.74% in Axiata.
The merger plan was announced in April — Axiata said it was in advanced discussions with Telenor Asia, with each to have equal ownership of about 33.1% in the merged entity, dubbed Celcom Digi Bhd.
Axiata, along with Malaysian institutional funds, would own over 51% of the merged company.
The merged entity was touted to be a "leading telecommunications service provider in Malaysia", Axiata said, with a pro forma revenue of about RM12.4 billion, pre-synergy earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation of RM5.7 billion and an estimated 19 million customers.
The fate of the planned merger now lies in the regulator’s hands, as both parties have completed their side of the proposal.
The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission formally received the merger application in November, although no timeline has been given yet on when the authorities would make a decision.
The completion of the exercise, amongst others, will also be subject to the approval of the Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) and the shareholders of Axiata and DiGi.Com.
Discussion question
1-Describe the HR activities in the phases of a cross-border M&A and the respective HR implications.
In the phases of a cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A), HR activities are important and need to be dealt with due diligence to make the merger successful. In this respect, the following are HR activities in the phases of a cross-border M&A and the respective HR implications:
Pre-deal HR activities in the pre-deal stage involve preparing for the transaction, analyzing the human resources of the target company, and developing a plan for the integration of both companies. HR implications at this stage include reviewing employment contracts, gcollective bargainin agreements, and workforce policies to identify the potential risks and opportunities during the merger and acquisition. Besides, HR may also have to identify the key employees in both companies, manage retention issues, and ensure that the cultural differences in both companies are managed properly. Post-deal HR activities in the post-deal stage involve integrating the workforce, communicating the changes to the employees, and managing the cultural differences between the two companies. HR implications at this stage include developing a plan for the retention, training, and development of the workforce. HR may also have to manage the compensation and benefits programs of both companies, integrate the workforce, and handle the legal and regulatory issues related to the merger and acquisition process. Conclusion The success of a cross-border merger and acquisition depends largely on how well HR activities are planned and executed. Therefore, companies need to ensure that HR activities are integrated into the overall merger and acquisition process to ensure that employees are well taken care of during and after the merger.
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COVID-19 has affected all aspects of life as we know. This transition to an online setting has been difficult for many students as well as faculty. You all made class enjoyable and it was an honor to have each one of you in my class. I applaud you on your resilience and flexibility during this process. That being said there is always room for improvement. For this discussion I would like for you to provide your opinions about this class. Please answer the following questions: Was there anything that interfered with your learning? How can I make this class a better experience for coming semesters online or in person? Any other complaints, requests, or advice you would like to mention feel free to.
These recommendations will help improve the learning experience of the students, making it more engaging and informative.
To make the class a better experience for coming semesters, certain improvements are recommended. In order to achieve that, the use of interactive media should be increased to hold student's interest. Simultaneously, it would be great if the professor can provide a regular feedback of the students' performance during the course. Lastly, the class policies should be communicated to students from the beginning of the semester.
COVID-19 has brought changes in all aspects of life. With the transition to online classes, many students have found it difficult to cope. The professor should be applauded for making class enjoyable. The following recommendations can be made to make the class a better experience for coming semesters: Interactive media should be used more to hold student's interest.
Provide regular feedback on the students' performance.
Communicate the class policies from the beginning of the semester.
These recommendations will help improve the learning experience of the students, making it more engaging and informative.
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Which of the following is the most widely discussed and used method of defining the discount rate?
a) Cost of specific financing source
b) Weighted average cost of capital
c) Yield on other investments
d) Cost-effectiveness analysis
The Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the approach to determining the discount rate that is most frequently discussed and employed.
Discount rate is a percentage value that represents the cost of capital for an organization. It is used to calculate the present value of future cash flows. WACC is the weighted average of the cost of capital from all possible sources of funding or financing, such as equity, debt, and preferred stock. It measures the required rate of return for an organization to pay its creditors, shareholders, and investors.
The formula for calculating the WACC is given by, WACC = (E/V x Re) + ((D/V x Rd) x (1 - T)).
Where, E is the market value of the company's equity, D is the market value of the company's debt, V is the total value of the company, Re is the cost of equity, Rd is the cost of debt, and T is the corporate tax rate. WACC is the most widely used method of defining the discount rate because it takes into account the cost of each source of funding and their proportionate weight in the capital structure.
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import quotas and tariffs make domestic sellers better off and domestic buyers worse off. true false
Import quotas and tariffs can make domestic sellers better off and domestic buyers worse off. This statement is generally true.These measures aim to protect domestic industries by reducing competition from foreign producers.
When a country imposes import quotas or tariffs, it restricts the amount of goods that can be imported from foreign countries or places additional taxes on those goods.When import quotas or tariffs are imposed, it limits the supply of imported goods in the domestic market. With limited competition, domestic sellers may be able to increase the prices of their goods and sell more of their products. This can lead to higher profits for domestic sellers and make them better off.
On the other hand, domestic buyers may face higher prices for the restricted or taxed imported goods. With limited supply, domestic buyers have fewer options and may have to pay higher prices for these goods. This can result in higher costs for domestic buyers.They can also lead to retaliation from foreign countries and potentially harm the overall economy in the long run. Additionally, these measures may protect certain domestic industries but could also lead to inefficiencies and reduced consumer choices.
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Case Study Seven: Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in
Public Spaces
Case Study Seven: Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces
Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces
The Starbucks Coffee Company, which operates a worldwide chain of coffeehouses, is the protagonist of the case study number seven, “Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces.”
The case study discusses a Starbucks in the airport where a barista refused to serve a Black man in June 2015. The barista allegedly refused to provide the client with a receipt as well.
The case study discusses how the racism in public spaces and public institutions can lead to more extensive racist issues within society.
This can create systemic inequality that can have a significant effect on the long-term lives of individuals belonging to underrepresented and marginalized groups in society.
Starbucks decided to apologize and take corrective measures following the incident. After this incident, Starbucks launched a “Race Together” campaign to encourage discussions of racism and promote dialogue about the subject.
This case study is related to the concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion.
Discrimination, especially when it is structural and ingrained in social systems, can have a severe impact on the marginalized population.
The Starbucks case study demonstrates the significance of using inclusive and equitable approaches to make public spaces more accessible and welcoming to all.
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