1. Perpetual inventory record for Bike World, Inc. for the month of December:
2. Four-column general ledger accounts and enter the balances from the November 30 trial balance:
3. Journalize each transaction in the general journal, using the “net” method for purchases and sales, post the journal entries to the general ledger, creating new ledger accounts as necessary.
4. Unadjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018:5. Journalize and post the adjusting journal entries based on the following information, creating new ledger accounts as necessary; Depreciation expense on office equipment, $1,875 Supplies on hand, $245 Accrued salary expense for the office receptionist, $845 Estimated refund liability, $1,320 Cost of estimated inventory returns, $742 6. Adjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018:Bike World, Inc.'s multistep income statement and statement of retained earnings for the year ending December 31, 2018. Also, prepare the balance sheet at December 31, 2018.7. Journalize and post the closing entries.8. Prepare a post-closing trial balance at December 31, 2018.
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4. Draw Market Equilibrium: (labeling supply and demand curves, equilibrium price and quantity, as well as the Price and Quantity axis)
5. If the market price is not at equilibrium one of two situati
When the market price is not at equilibrium, there are two possible situations: a shortage or excess supply. In the case of a shortage, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, resulting in upward pressure on prices.
Market equilibrium occurs when the quantity demanded by consumers matches the quantity supplied by producers at a specific price. In a graph illustrating market equilibrium, the supply and demand curves intersect at a point called the equilibrium price and quantity. The demand curve slopes downward, indicating that as prices decrease, the quantity demanded increases. Conversely, the supply curve slopes upward, indicating that as prices increase, the quantity supplied also increases.
If the market price is not at equilibrium, a shortage or excess supply can occur. In the case of a shortage, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at the prevailing price. This creates an imbalance, leading to increased competition among buyers and upward pressure on prices. As prices rise, the quantity supplied increases, helping to alleviate the shortage and eventually bring the market back to equilibrium.
On the other hand, if there is an excess supply, the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the prevailing price. This leads to a surplus of goods or services in the market, prompting sellers to lower prices to attract buyers. As prices decrease, the quantity demanded increases, helping to reduce the excess supply and bring the market back to equilibrium.
Overall, market forces tend to move prices towards equilibrium by adjusting the quantity supplied and demanded in response to imbalances in the market.
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Differentiate between the various approaches to going global.
Discuss the European approach compared to the US approach and the
Japanese approach to going global.
Different approaches to going global are the ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric.
The European, US, and Japanese approaches to going global differ in their focus on factors like culture, government regulations, and international trade agreements. European approach to going global: The European approach to going global is more ethnocentric in nature. The European companies tend to maintain more centralized decision-making procedures, and often prefer to make business deals with companies that share their culture. They also put more emphasis on government regulations, such as the European Union's regulations on international trade, and are more likely to rely on international trade agreements to expand their business.US approach to going global: The US approach to going global is more geocentric, focusing more on global markets and less on culture. US companies tend to use decentralized decision-making processes and are more willing to work with businesses from different cultures and backgrounds. They rely on their global reach and ability to adapt to new markets to expand their business. Japanese approach to going global: The Japanese approach to going global is more regiocentric, with a focus on regional markets rather than global markets. Japanese companies prefer to maintain centralized decision-making processes and are more likely to work with businesses that share their cultural background. They rely on their reputation for quality products and long-term relationships with customers to expand their business.
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Which of the following is NOT an important factor to consider when preparing a sales forecast? Multiple Choice Changes in the insurance policy against hurricanes and fires. Actions taken by competitor
While competitor actions may not be a core component of sales forecasting, they remain relevant for overall business strategy.
The actions taken by competitors are NOT an important factor to consider when preparing a sales forecast.
While it is crucial to consider various factors when preparing a sales forecast, such as market trends, customer behavior, economic conditions, and changes in internal factors, the actions taken by competitors are not directly related to the organization's sales projections. Competitors' actions can certainly impact market dynamics and influence sales indirectly, but they are not a direct component of the sales forecast calculation.
However, it's worth noting that monitoring competitor activities is still valuable for gaining market insights and adjusting sales strategies accordingly. Keeping an eye on their pricing, product launches, marketing campaigns, and other initiatives can help businesses make informed decisions and respond effectively to changes in the competitive landscape. Therefore, while competitor actions may not be a core component of sales forecasting, they remain relevant for overall business strategy.
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The Retained earnings account has a credit balance of $31,450 before closing entries are made. If total revenues for the period are $97,700, total expenses are $72,100, and dividends are $16,650, what is the ending balance in the Retained earnings account after all closing entries are made? Multiple Choice O $25,600 $31,450 $40,400 $57,050 $14,800
The ending balance in the Retained earnings account after closing entries depend on the net income or loss for the period, as well as any dividends paid.
In this case, the total revenues are $97,700, total expenses are $72,100, and dividends are $16,650. The Retained earnings account has an initial credit balance of $31,450. We need to calculate the net income and subtract the dividends to determine the ending balance. To calculate the net income, we subtract the total expenses from the total revenues: Net Income = Total Revenues - Total Expenses. In this case, the net income is $97,700 - $72,100 = $25,600. Next, we subtract the dividends of $16,650 from the net income: Ending Retained Earnings = Initial Retained Earnings + Net Income - Dividends. Plugging in the values, we get: Ending Retained Earnings = $31,450 + $25,600 - $16,650 = $40,400. Therefore, the ending balance in the Retained earnings account after all closing entries are made is $40,400.
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When the demand curve shifts to the right and supply doesn't change: Multiple Choice quantity demanded will rise. equilibrium price will fall. equilibrium quantity will rise. supply will rise.
When the demand curve shifts to the right and supply remains unchanged, the equilibrium quantity will rise.
When the demand curve shifts to the right, it indicates an increase in demand at every price level. This means that consumers are willing to purchase a larger quantity of the good or service at each price. In this scenario, the equilibrium quantity will rise because the quantity demanded exceeds the original equilibrium quantity.
The effect on the equilibrium price, however, depends on the relative magnitude of the shifts in demand and supply. If the increase in demand is greater than any corresponding increase in supply, the equilibrium price will rise. This is because the increase in demand outpaces the ability of suppliers to meet the higher level of demand, creating upward pressure on prices.
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Walk-Toki Manufacturing Company is a producer of music compact discs (CDs) and tapes. The following account balances are for the year ended December 31, 2021 Administrative expenses $ 60,000 Depreciation expense – $50,000 Manufacturing equipment Direct labor $468,000 Manufacturing supplies expense $40,000 Indirect labor $36,000 Beginning inventories, January 1: Direct materials $14,000 Work in process $20,000 Finished goods $128,000 Ending inventories, December 31: Direct materials $44,000 Work in process $56,000 Finished goods $92,000 Direct materials purchases $216,000 Rent expense – Factory $28,000 Sales $1,400,000 Selling expense $72,000 Other manufacturing overhead $126,000 Required; (i) Prepare a cost of goods manufactured statement for the year ended December 31. (08 marks) (ii) Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2021. (06 marks) (iii) Assume Walk-Toki Company is considering offering a new product, Cassio. Why would it matter if Walk-Toki Company knows how much it costs to produce and deliver each Cassio? (05 marks) (iv) Compare and contrast an income statement of a manufacturing concern and that of a service provision concern.
(i) Cost of Goods Manufactured Statement for the year ended December 31:
Amount
Direct Materials
Beginning Inventory $14,000
Add: Purchases $216,000
Total Materials Available $230,000
Less: Ending Inventory $44,000
Materials Used $186,000
Direct Labor $468,000
Manufacturing Overhead
Indirect Labor $36,000
Manufacturing Supplies Expense $40,000
Other Manufacturing Overhead $126,000
Total Manufacturing Overhead $202,000
Total Manufacturing Costs $856,000
Add: Beginning WIP $20,000
Less: Ending WIP $56,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured $820,000
(ii) Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Amount
Sales $1,400,000
Cost of Goods Sold
Beginning Finished Goods Inventory $128,000
Add: Cost of Goods Manufactured $820,000
Total Goods Available for Sale $948,000
Less: Ending Finished Goods Inventory $92,000
Cost of Goods Sold $856,000
Gross Profit $544,000
Operating Expenses
Administrative Expenses $60,000
Selling Expenses $72,000
Depreciation Expense $50,000
Rent Expense - Factory $28,000
Total Operating Expenses $210,000
Operating Income (Profit) $334,000
(iii) Knowing the cost to produce and deliver each Cassio product is important for several reasons:
Pricing: The company needs to determine an appropriate selling price for Cassio that covers its production and delivery costs while also ensuring profitability.
Profitability Analysis: Understanding the costs associated with Cassio allows the company to assess its profitability and make informed decisions about its production and sales.
Cost Control: Knowing the cost components helps in identifying areas where cost-saving measures can be implemented, improving the efficiency and profitability of the product.
Decision Making: Accurate cost information is crucial for evaluating the feasibility of producing and delivering Cassio, comparing it with other product options, and making strategic business decisions.
(iv) Comparison between an Income Statement of a Manufacturing Concern and a Service Provision Concern:
Income Statement of a Manufacturing Concern:
The income statement of a manufacturing concern includes additional sections related to the cost of goods sold and the cost of goods manufactured. These sections outline the costs associated with the production process, such as direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. The cost of goods sold is deducted from the sales to calculate the gross profit.
Income Statement of a Service Provision Concern:
In contrast, the income statement of a service provision concern does not have sections for the cost of goods sold or the cost of goods manufactured. Instead, it focuses on the revenue generated from providing services and deducts the associated operating expenses, such as administrative expenses, salaries, rent, and other expenses, to calculate the operating income or profit.
While both income statements follow a similar structure, the key difference lies in the inclusion of production-related costs in the income statement of a manufacturing concern, reflecting the nature of their operations in producing tangible goods.
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The AICPA's Statements on Standards for Tax Services (SSTS) have common concepts running through most of them. Which of the following statements is/are part(s) of the SSTSs?
I. The preparer may in good faith rely upon, without verification, information furnished by the client.
II. There is confidentiality of the CPA-client relationship.
III. Taxpayer supplied estimates may be used to prepare returns if it is impractical to obtain exact data and the estimates are reasonable, given the facts and circumstances.
IV. The preparer must never disclose to the IRS any facts about the client's tax return information unless the client approves the disclosure or the preparer is required to do so by law.
a.Statements II and III are correct.
b.Statements I, II, and IV are correct.
c.Statements I, II, III, and IV are correct.
d.Only statement II is correct.
e.Statements I, II, and III are correct.
The correct statement is: e. Statements I, II, and III are correct.
The Statements on Standards for Tax Services (SSTS) by the AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) include the following:
I. The preparer may in good faith rely upon, without verification, information furnished by the client.
II. There is confidentiality of the CPA-client relationship.
III. Taxpayer supplied estimates may be used to prepare returns if it is impractical to obtain exact data and the estimates are reasonable, given the facts and circumstances.
Therefore, statements I, II, and III are all part of the SSTS. Statement IV is not correct because the preparer may be required by law to disclose certain facts about the client's tax return information to the IRS.
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Amazon is well known multinational business. A major investment strategy is in place to improve its ability to be more successful and achieve competitive advantage by use of information systems linked to Cloud Computing.
A) Describe the evolving role of Cloud Computing within modern day organisations from cloud computing service models point of view.
Write between 500 - 600 word
Amazon is leveraging Cloud Computing to improve its competitive advantage and achieve greater success in the modern business landscape.
Cloud Computing is playing an increasingly vital role within modern organizations. It provides a flexible and scalable infrastructure for businesses to store, process, and manage their data and applications. From a cloud computing service models perspective, there are three primary models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
Amazon's investment strategy focuses on leveraging Cloud Computing to enhance its operations and gain a competitive edge. By utilizing the IaaS model, Amazon can access a virtualized infrastructure that allows them to scale their computing resources on-demand. This agility enables the company to handle fluctuations in customer demand, optimize resource allocation, and improve overall efficiency. Additionally, Amazon's investments in PaaS enable them to build and deploy applications faster, reducing time-to-market and enhancing their ability to innovate.
Through the SaaS model, Amazon can provide customers with ready-to-use software applications delivered over the internet. This approach not only generates additional revenue streams but also increases customer loyalty and satisfaction. Amazon's popular services like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon Prime, and Amazon Music are prime examples of leveraging SaaS to enhance customer experience and drive business growth.
By linking Cloud Computing with information systems, Amazon can harness the power of data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). The vast amount of data generated by Amazon's e-commerce platform, customer interactions, and supply chain operations can be stored, processed, and analyzed in the cloud. This enables Amazon to extract valuable insights, optimize its operations, personalize customer experiences, and drive data-driven decision-making at scale. Cloud Computing provides the necessary infrastructure and computational power to handle big data analytics and AI algorithms efficiently.
In summary, Cloud Computing plays a crucial role in Amazon's investment strategy to achieve competitive advantage and success. Through the use of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models, Amazon can scale its infrastructure, accelerate application development, and deliver software services to customers. Linking Cloud Computing with information systems allows Amazon to leverage data analytics and AI to drive innovation and optimize operations. By embracing Cloud Computing, Amazon can enhance its ability to meet customer demands, improve efficiency, and stay ahead in the rapidly evolving digital landscape.
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"(Yield to maturity) Hoyden Co.'s bonds mature in 19 years and pay
8 percent interest annually. If you purchase the bonds for
$1,125, what is their yield to maturity?
The yield to maturity of Hoyden Co.'s bonds is approximately 6.67%.
The yield to maturity (YTM) is the annualized return an investor can expect to earn by holding a bond until it matures. It considers the bond's purchase price, coupon rate, time to maturity, and face value.
In this case, Hoyden Co.'s bonds have a maturity period of 19 years and an annual interest rate of 8%. The bonds are purchased for $1,125. To calculate the YTM, we need to determine the discount rate that equates the present value of the bond's cash flows (coupon payments and face value) to the purchase price.
Using financial formulas or online calculators, the approximate YTM of the bonds is found to be around 6.67%. This means that if an investor holds the bonds until maturity and reinvests the coupon payments at the same rate, the annualized return would be approximately 6.67%.
Therefore, the yield to maturity of Hoyden Co.'s bonds is approximately 6.67%.
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j. what is coleman’s overall, or weighted average, cost of capital (wacc)? ignore flotation costs.
Coleman's overall or weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 6.67%.
Coleman Company is considering a new investment that would require an initial outlay of $6 million. The project is expected to produce cash inflows of $1.6 million per year for 5 years. The company has a tax rate of 35 percent, and its WACC is 10 percent. You have to compute Coleman's overall or weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and neglect flotation costs. WACC or Weighted average cost of capital is defined as the rate at which a company raises capital from various sources, such as banks, equity shareholders, or preference shareholders, and the weighted average of all these sources of capital is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).WACC formula is as follows: WACC = E / V * Re + D / V * Rd * (1 - Tc)Where, Re = Cost of Equity Rd = Cost of Debt E = Market value of the company's equity. D = Market value of the company's debt V = E + D Cost of Equity is calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is shown below: Re = Rf + beta (Rm - Rf) Where, Re = Cost of Equity Rf = Risk-free Rate Rm = Expected Return of the Market Beta = Systematic Risk Coefficient. The given information is not sufficient to calculate the market value of equity or debt, as well as the beta. However, we can use the WACC formula with the provided WACC and the market value of equity and debt to compute the weighted cost of capital. WACC = 10%,Market value of equity = 80 million, Market value of debt = 40 million. So, substituting the above values in the WACC formula, WACC = (80/120) * E + (40/120) * D* (1-0.35) = 0.6667 * E + 0.2222 * D. Therefore, Coleman's overall or weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 6.67%.
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Assume Campbell Modems, Inc., is a division of Gilmore Business Products (GBP). GBP uses ROI as the primary measure of managerial performance. GBP has a desired return on investment (ROI) of 4.00 percent. The company has $140,000 of investment funds to be assigned to its divisions. The president of Campbell is aware of an investment opportunity for these funds that is expected to yield an ROI of 4.30 percent. Income Statement Sales revenue Cost of goods sold Gross margin Sales commission $ 640,000 (475,000) $ 165,000 Depreciation expense Administrative expense Net income (34,000) (13,000) (72,750) $ 45,250 Balance Sheet Assets: Cash Manufacturing equipment, net of accumulated depreciation Office equipment, net of accumulated depreciation $714,250 230,000 31,000 Total assets $975,250 Equity: Common stock $930,000 45,250 Retained earnings Total equity $975,250 Required a-1. Calculate the existing ROI for Campbell. a-2. Based on your computations will the President of Campbell accept or reject the $140,000 investment opportunity? c-1. Calculate the estimated residual income of the new investment opportunity. c-2. Based on the residual income would the President of Campbell accept or reject the $140,000 investment opportunity? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req A1 and Req C1 and A2 C₂ Calculate the existing ROI for Campbell. Based on your computations will President of Campbell accept or reject the $140,000 investment opportunity? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (i.e., .2345 should be entered as 23.45).) a-1, ROI a-2. Based on your computations, will the President of Campbell accept or reject the investment opportunity? Reject < Req A1 and A2 Req C1 and C2 > Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req A1 and Req C1 and A2 C2 Calculate the estimated residual income of the new investment opportunity. Based on the residual income would the President of Campbell accept or reject the $140,000 investment opportunity? c-1. Residual income c-2. Based on residual income, would the President of Campbell accept or reject the investment opportunity? Accept < Req A1 and A2 Req C1 and C2 >
a-1. The existing ROI for Campbell is 6.39%.
The existing ROI for Campbell can be calculated by dividing the net income by the total assets. In this case, the net income is $45,250 and the total assets are $714,250. By dividing the net income by the total assets and multiplying by 100, we get an ROI of 6.39%.
a-2. Based on the computations, the President of Campbell should reject the $140,000 investment opportunity.
The desired ROI for Gilmore Business Products (GBP) is 4.00%. However, the investment opportunity for Campbell is expected to yield an ROI of 4.30%. Since the existing ROI for Campbell is already higher than the desired ROI, it indicates that Campbell is already performing well. Therefore, the President of Campbell should reject the additional investment opportunity to maintain the current performance level.
c-1. The estimated residual income of the new investment opportunity is $860.
Residual income can be calculated by subtracting the expected return on investment from the net income. The expected return on investment can be calculated by multiplying the investment amount ($140,000) by the expected ROI (4.30%). The net income is $45,250, so by subtracting the expected return on investment from the net income, we get a residual income of $860.
c-2. Based on the residual income, the President of Campbell should accept the $140,000 investment opportunity.
Since the residual income of the new investment opportunity is positive ($860), it indicates that the investment will generate additional income beyond the expected return. Therefore, the President of Campbell should accept the $140,000 investment opportunity as it has the potential to increase the overall profitability of the division.
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Critically analyze the effects of AI on information technology
capability and knowledgebase
the integration of AI into IT systems has significantly impacted IT capabilities and knowledge bases. AI has enhanced data processing and analysis, decision-making processes, and customer support.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into information technology (IT) systems has had a profound impact on IT capabilities and knowledge bases. AI technologies, such as machine learning and natural language processing, have revolutionized how information is processed, analyzed, and utilized within organizations. However, it is essential to critically analyze both the positive and negative effects of AI on IT capabilities and knowledge bases.
On the positive side, AI has greatly enhanced IT capabilities by automating repetitive tasks, improving data analysis and decision-making processes, and increasing operational efficiency. AI-powered systems can handle vast amounts of data, extract valuable insights, and provide real-time recommendations or predictions. This enables organizations to make more informed and accurate decisions, optimize resource allocation, and improve overall performance. Additionally, AI-based chatbots and virtual assistants have enhanced customer support and self-service capabilities, providing instant and personalized assistance to users.
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Which of the following is the best example of a determinant characteristic for airline travel? O a. Oxygen masks O b. Plane size O c. Quality of food and drinks O d. Flights Schedule O e. Floatation devices
The best example of a determinant characteristic for airline travel among the options provided would be "Plane size" (option b).
The size of the aircraft used for a particular flight can have a significant impact on the travel experience and the number of passengers that can be accommodated. The plane size affects factors such as seating capacity, legroom, availability of amenities, and overall comfort during the journey. It can also influence factors like flight availability, route options, and the airline's ability to offer competitive pricing.
Therefore, plane size is a crucial determinant characteristic that can greatly impact the travel experience for passengers.
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The price for a crate of orange juice for the past three weeks is as follows: week 1- $12,500, week 2- 13,200, week 3 – 11, 342. Using the following weights.2, -3,65 forecast week 4 sales. a. 12,131 b. 15,342 \ c. 13,765 \ d. 11,232
c. The forecast for week 4 sales is $13,765.
What is the projected sales for week 4?To forecast the sales for week 4, we can use a weighted average method, considering the prices of orange juice crates for the past three weeks and the given weights.
Using the formula: (Price1 x Weight1) + (Price2 x Weight2) + (Price3 x Weight3) = Forecasted sales, we can calculate the forecast. Plugging in the values: ($12,500 x 2) + ($13,200 x -3) + ($11,342 x 65) = $13,765. This means that the projected sales for week 4 are $13,765.
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Miller Company's contribution format income statement for the most recent month is shown below: Per Unit Total $369,000 $9.00 Sales (41,000 units) Variable expenses 246,000 6.00 Contribution margin 123,000 $3.00 Fixed expenses 42,000 Net operating income $ 81,000 Required: (Consider each case independently): 1. What is the revised net operating income if unit sales increase by 15%? 2. What is the revised net operating income if the selling price decreases by $1.10 per unit and the number of units sold increases by 15%? 3. What is the revised net operating income if the selling price increases by $1.10 per unit, fixed expenses increase by $7,000, and the number of units sold decreases by 7%? 4. What is the revised net operating income if the selling price per unit increases by 10%, variable expenses increase by 40 cents per unit, and the number of units sold decreases by 14%? 1. Net operating income 2. Net operating income 3. Net operating income 4. Net operating income
Answer:
If unit sales increase by 15%:
Revised unit sales = 41,000 units + (15% of 41,000) = 41,000 + 6,150 = 47,150 units
Revised net operating income = (Revised unit sales × Contribution margin) - Fixed expenses
= (47,150 units × $3.00) - $42,000
= $141,450 - $42,000
= $99,450
Therefore, the revised net operating income is $99,450.
If the selling price decreases by $1.10 per unit and the number of units sold increases by 15%:
Revised selling price per unit = $9.00 - $1.10 = $7.90
Revised unit sales = 41,000 units + (15% of 41,000) = 41,000 + 6,150 = 47,150 units
Revised net operating income = (Revised unit sales × (Revised selling price - Variable expenses)) - Fixed expenses
= (47,150 units × ($7.90 - $6.00)) - $42,000
= (47,150 units × $1.90) - $42,000
= $89,685 - $42,000
= $47,685
Therefore, the revised net operating income is $47,685.
If the selling price increases by $1.10 per unit, fixed expenses increase by $7,000, and the number of units sold decreases by 7%:
Revised selling price per unit = $9.00 + $1.10 = $10.10
Revised fixed expenses = $42,000 + $7,000 = $49,000
Revised unit sales = 41,000 units - (7% of 41,000) = 41,000 - 2,870 = 38,130 units
Revised net operating income = (Revised unit sales × (Revised selling price - Variable expenses)) - Revised fixed expenses
= (38,130 units × ($10.10 - $6.00)) - $49,000
= (38,130 units × $4.10) - $49,000
= $156,333 - $49,000
= $107,333
Therefore, the revised net operating income is $107,333.
If the selling price per unit increases by 10%, variable expenses increase by 40 cents per unit, and the number of units sold decreases by 14%:
Revised selling price per unit = $9.00 + (10% of $9.00) = $9.90
Revised variable expenses per unit = $6.00 + $0.40 = $6.40
Revised unit sales = 41,000 units - (14% of 41,000) = 41,000 - 5,740 = 35,260 units
Revised net operating income = (Revised unit sales × (Revised selling price - Revised variable expenses)) - Fixed expenses
= (35,260 units × ($9.90 - $6.40)) - $42,000
= (35,260 units × $3.50) - $42,000
= $123,410 - $42,000
= $81,410
Therefore, the revised net operating income is $81,410.
Parramatta City Investments Pty Ltd (‘PCI’) is an investment company based in Macquarie Street, Parramatta that focuses on buying and developing commercial property sites and then onselling them at a profit. It decides to expand into the retail property market with a focus on buying and then leasing retail properties. To do this, PCI creates a wholly-owned subsidiary company called Parramatta Retail Leasing Pty Ltd (‘PRL’) to develop this side of the business. PCI’s three directors appoint themselves as PRL’s three directors. This is convenient because it means they can discuss matters for both companies at the same time when they have their board meeting each month. They make sure, however, that afterwards they write up separate board meeting minutes for the two companies. Over the next few years, they operate the retail leasing business by borrowing heavily from Pacific Bank Ltd (‘Pacific’) to buy properties and then make loan repayments from the money they receive in rent.
After four years, the retail business has become successful to the point where, PCI arranges an interest-free loan from PRL, when PCI’s cash-flow becomes tight. However, in April 2020, the coronavirus causes retail property prices and rental incomes start to fall and PRL has recently defaulted on its loan repayments to Pacific. PRL now does not have enough assets to pay back all the money it owes Pacific.
Advise Pacific on its legal rights in relation to recovering the money it lent to PRL, referring to relevant legislation and cases.
In relation to the given scenario, Pacific Bank Ltd has legal rights in recovering the money it lent to Parramatta Retail Leasing Pty Ltd.
In the Australian legal system, the Corporations Act 2001 provides a comprehensive framework for companies, including legal implications for directors’ duties, company insolvency, and breach of trust. The act specifies that the directors of the company are to act with due care and diligence in the company’s best interests, and that they must avoid conflicts of interest with the company. In the given scenario, PCI’s three directors appointed themselves as directors for PRL, which means they have breached the duties of directors by having a conflict of interest between the two companies.The case of Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) v Adler [2002] NSWSC 171, highlights the risks that arise when directors fail to properly manage conflicts of interest. The court in this case determined that the director of a company had breached his duties when he entered into a contract with the company, which was contrary to the company’s interests. This case highlights the importance of directors avoiding conflicts of interest and acting in the best interests of the company.In the present scenario, PCI arranged an interest-free loan from PRL, which can be argued as a breach of the company director’s duties. The directors of PCI have used their influence to lend money from PRL to meet the financial requirements of PCI. This act of lending interest-free loan is a breach of director’s duties and is against the interests of PRL. However, the default of PRL on loan repayments to Pacific has left the bank in a financially challenging position. The bank can take legal action against PRL to recover the money it owes, and can also investigate the directors’ conduct to determine whether there has been any breach of directors’ duties and take legal action accordingly. Thus, Pacific Bank Ltd has legal rights in recovering the money it lent to PRL.
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Peng Company is considering an investment expected to generate an average net income after taxes of $1,950 for three years. The investment costs $45,000 and has an estimated $6,000 salvage value. Assume Peng requires a 15% return on its investments. Compute the net present value of this investment. Assume the company uses straight-line depreciation. (PV of $1, FV of $1, PVA of $1, and FVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your present value factor to 4 decimals.)
The net present value (NPV) of the investment is approximately $2,146.68.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment, we need to discount the expected net income after taxes for each year and subtract the initial investment cost. The salvage value is not considered in the NPV calculation.
Given:
Expected net income after taxes = $1,950 per year (for three years)
Investment cost = $45,000
Salvage value = $6,000
Required rate of return = 15%
To calculate the NPV, we first need to determine the annual cash flows by subtracting the taxes from the net income:
Annual cash flows = Net income after taxes * (1 - Tax rate)
= $1,950 * (1 - Tax rate)
Next, we discount each year's cash flow to present value using the appropriate present value factor:
Year 1: Present value = Annual cash flow / (1 + Rate of return)^1
Year 2: Present value = Annual cash flow / (1 + Rate of return)^2
Year 3: Present value = Annual cash flow / (1 + Rate of return)^3
Finally, we sum the present values and subtract the initial investment cost to obtain the NPV.
Detailed calculations are required to obtain the precise NPV value, using the given figures and present value factors from the provided tables.
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Waterways Corporation uses very stringent standard costs in evaluating its manufacturing ethiciency. These standards are not ideal at this point but the management is working toward that as a cool. At present the company uses the following standards Materials Hem Per unit Cost 63 perb Metal Plastic 12 02 $1.00 per i Rubber 40 88t perib Direct labor Item Per unit Cost LO 15 min 59.00 per Predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor hours 54.2 The January Mures for purchasing aroduction and laborare The company purchased 228.200 pounds of raw materials in January at a cost of 79 a pound Production used 278.200 pounds of raw materials to make 115.000 units in way The company purchased 228,200 pounds of raw materials in January at a cost of 79c a pound Production used 228,200 pounds of raw materials to make 115.000 units in January Direct labor spent 18 minutes on each product at a cost of $a 0 per hour Overhead costs for January totaled $54,597 variable and $72.000 foved, Answer the following questions about standard costs. Your answer is partially correct What is the materials price variance? (Round per unit calculations to 2 decimal places, c. 1.25 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125.) $ 184842 Favorable Materials price variance 7.86/10 Question 1 of 1 Your wer is partially correct What is the materials quantity variance (Round per unit calculations to 2 decimal places, eg 1.25 and finanswer too decimal places 1251 5 2680 Favorable Materials quantity variance Your answer is partially correct What is the total materials variance? (Round per unit calculations to 2 decimal places, 1.25 and final aniwer too decimal places, s. 125.) $ 187722 Favorable Total materiais variance
Waterways Corporation uses standard costs to evaluate its manufacturing efficiency. These standards are not ideal at this point but the management is working towards that as a goal.
The following are the company's standard costs:MaterialsHem: 63¢ per lbMetal: 12¢ per lbPlastic: $1.00 per lbRubber: 40¢ per lbDirect laborLO: 15 min per unit Cost: $9.00 per hourPredetermined overhead rate based on direct labor hours: 54.2The January figures for purchasing, production, and labor are as follows: The company purchased 228,200 pounds of raw materials in January at a cost of 79¢ a pound.Production used 228,200 pounds of raw materials to make 115,000 units in January.Direct labor spent 18 minutes on each product at a cost of $9.00 per hour.Overhead costs for January totaled $54,597 variable and $72,000 fixed.MATERIALS PRICE VARIANCEThe materials price variance can be calculated using the following formula:MPV = (AP - SP) AQWhere, AP = Actual PriceSP = Standard PriceAQ = Actual QuantityMPV = (79 - 63) 228,200= $36,472 favorableMaterials price variance = $36,472FAVORABLEMATERIALS QUANTITY VARIANCEThe materials quantity variance can be calculated using the following formula:MQV = (AQ - SQ) SPWhere, AQ = Actual QuantitySQ = Standard QuantitySP = Standard PriceMQV = (228,200 - 230,400) 63= $1,390 favorableMaterials quantity variance = $1,390FAVORABLETOTAL MATERIALS VARIANCEThe total materials variance can be calculated as follows:TMV = MPV + MQVWhere, MPV = Materials Price VarianceMQV = Materials Quantity VarianceTMV = $36,472 + $1,390= $37,862 favorableTotal materials variance = $37,862FAVORABLEThe correct answer is:$36,472 favorable materials price variance$1,390 favorable materials quantity variance$37,862 favorable total materials variance
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First, watch the Free Hugs video and then read the article about Free Hugs
What did you like about the verbal and non-verbal messages you saw and heard?
Consider how your interpretation of the video changed after reading the article.
Describe two situations in your own life (one verbal and one non-verbal) where you feel that you have communicated poorly.
Refer to specific information given in the text, videos, and web pages to discuss how you could have enhanced your communication in the situations you described.
The people who came for hugs showed their non-verbal message through their body language and facial expressions.
Verbal and non-verbal messages can convey a lot about a person and their intention. The "Free Hugs" video was filled with both. The non-verbal message was evident in the posture and gestures of Juan Mann as he stood there holding a sign that read "Free Hugs." The sign was a clear indication that he was looking for interaction and wanting to connect with strangers. The words on the sign conveyed the verbal message, and it made people curious. The smiles, laughter, and happiness on their faces showed that the simple act of hugging a stranger made them feel good. Watching the video without reading the article, I thought that the campaign was just an act of kindness, but the article gave me more insight. It helped me understand the reason behind the campaign and how it evolved into a movement. Reading the article gave me a better appreciation for Juan Mann's efforts and the power of human connection. Describing two situations where I have communicated poorly, one situation happened when I was asked to explain something to a colleague at work. I tried to use jargon, assuming that they were familiar with the terminology, but it only made things more confusing. The second situation happened when I was at a social gathering, and I made an insensitive comment, which caused discomfort to a friend. To enhance my communication in these situations, I could have used simpler language in the first scenario and avoided using jargon. In the second situation, I could have been more mindful of my words and considered the impact it could have on others. I could have also apologized for the insensitive remark and made amends.
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a company pays a $2,000 cash dividend that was declared and initially recorded last month. prepare the general journal entry.
Answer:
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The journal entry to record the payment of a $2,000 cash dividend that was declared and initially recorded last month would be:
Debit: Dividends Payable $2,000
Credit: Cash $2,000
Using these steps, the general journal entry for the $2,000 cash dividend payment would look like this:
Date:
Account Titles: Debit Credit
Dividends Payable 2,000
Cash 2,000
This entry would decrease the Dividends Payable account, which represents the amount owed to shareholders, and decrease the Cash account, which represents the amount paid out by the company. The dividend payment would also be disclosed in the company's statement of cash flows as a cash outflow from financing activities.It's important to note that the dividend payment should only be made after the company has ensured that it has enough cash on hand to cover its obligations and maintain its operations.
This journal entry records the company's payment of the previously declared $2,000 cash dividend, reducing both the Cash and Dividends Payable accounts by the same amount.
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6. With regard to recognizing stock-based compensation
a. IFRS and GAAP follow the same model.
b. IFRS and GAAP standards are undergoing major reform on valuation issues.
c. it has been agreed that these standards will not be merged due to the differences in currencies.
d. the reform of GAAP standards will not be addressed until IFRS standards have been finalized.
Option (a) best describes stock-based compensation.
IFRS and GAAP use the same stock-based remuneration methodology. Both systems compel corporations to expense stock-based remuneration. IFRS and GAAP differ in measurement and recognition, but the concept and approach are comparable.
b. Both IFRS and GAAP standards receive periodic updates and adjustments, but neither framework currently prioritizes stock-based compensation valuation reform. Emerging concerns, stakeholder feedback, and IFRS-GAAP convergence drive accounting standard revisions.
c. There is no indication that currency discrepancies will prevent IFRS and GAAP stock-based compensation requirements from merging. IFRS and GAAP are working to converge financial reporting standards, including stock-based pay.
d. IFRS standards do not affect GAAP reform. IFRS and GAAP continue to converge, yet each framework sets its own criteria and priorities.
Option (a) appropriately represents IFRS and GAAP's stock-based compensation recognition, while options (b), (c), and (d) do not.
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please need answer quickly
Question 3 of 30 < View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Management by exception O causes managers to be buried under voluminous paperwork. O means that material differences will be investigated.
False. Management by exception means that material differences will be investigated.
Management by exception is a management approach where managers focus their attention on significant deviations from expected results or predetermined standards. It allows managers to prioritize their efforts and resources on areas that require attention rather than being overwhelmed by every small detail. By focusing on material differences, managers can efficiently allocate their time and resources to address issues that have a significant impact on performance. This approach helps streamline decision-making and improves overall efficiency.
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Scenario: [Managing Health and safety and processes). Imagine that you are working In a company of small factory producing cardboard packaging. Main processes are cutting printing and assembly. Approximately 100 workers are employed and all of you are working in shifts with 8 hours each. It is good to think how is health and safety managed in your workplace (small factory). use the knowledge and skills you have learned from HSE course this spring semester and answer the following question: Match the following checklist of good practice health and safety management with current practice in your company Leadership A Basic H&S information included in induction training Communication 3. Data is collected on accidents Participation of workers Shift managers report on accidents weekly toolbox talks Checking and monitoring performance Health and safety information is effectively communicated Risk assessment There is a process in place for identifying risks
The company has a process in place for identifying risks. The risks are assessed, and the company takes necessary measures to minimize the risks and hazards for the workers.
1. Leadership: - In this workplace, health and safety are managed in good practice by including basic H&S information in induction training. The induction training for new workers in the factory will be helpful in understanding the safety measures and health standards.This helps the company keep track of the accident rate and find ways to prevent or minimize the accidents in the future.
2. Communication: Data is collected on accidents - Data is collected on accidents.Health and safety management involves effective communication strategies. To have a complete understanding of the current workplace situation, data collection on accidents is done in the factory.
3. Participation of workers: Shift managers report on accidents weekly toolbox talks - Shift managers report on accidents weekly toolbox talks.In a small factory with a workforce of 100 workers, it is essential to involve the workers in health and safety management. In this company, shift managers report on accidents during weekly toolbox talks. This provides an opportunity for workers to participate in the discussions and share their thoughts and suggestions for preventing accidents and improving safety in the workplace
4. Checking and monitoring performance: Health and safety information is effectively communicated. In this small factory, checking and monitoring performance is done by effectively communicating health and safety information. The company ensures that the information is delivered accurately and effectively to everyone in the workplace to minimize risks and hazards
5. Risk assessment: In the small factory that produces cardboard packaging, risk assessment is an important part of health and safety management.
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Part 5. To get full credit, please show all your work. The Shoe Co. maintains an inventory of shoes in a warehouse they rent locally. The monthly demand for shoes is 80 units. The shoes cost $30 per pair and the replenishment order is placed when the inventory reaches a certain level. The cost of placing the replenishment order is estimated to be $40. The annual inventory holding cost for each pair of shoes is 37% of the cost of the item. a. Based on the above data, calculate the EOQ for the OPM Shoe Co. b. Based on the above data, calculate the corresponding total cost purchase lot (TCP). c. How valid are the assumptions for the simple EOQ model?
To calculate the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity), we need to use the following formula:
EOQ = √[(2DS) / H]
Where:
D = Annual demand (in this case, monthly demand of 80 units multiplied by 12 months = 960 units)
S = Cost per order ($40)
H = Annual inventory holding cost (37% of the cost per unit multiplied by the cost per unit)
a. Calculating the EOQ:
D = 960 units
S = $40
H = 0.37 * $30 = $11.10 (annual inventory holding cost per unit)
EOQ = √[(2 * 960 * $40) / $11.10]
EOQ = √(76,800 / 11.10)
EOQ ≈ √6,892.34
EOQ ≈ 83.03 units
Therefore, the EOQ for the OPM Shoe Co. is approximately 83.03 units.
b. Calculating the Total Cost Purchase (TCP):
The Total Cost Purchase (TCP) is calculated using the formula:
TCP = (D/Q)S + (Q/2)H
Where:
D = Annual demand (960 units)
Q = Order quantity (EOQ, which is 83.03 units)
S = Cost per order ($40)
H = Annual inventory holding cost (0.37 * $30 = $11.10)
TCP = (960/83.03) * $40 + (83.03/2) * $11.10
TCP ≈ 11.55 * $40 + 41.52 * $11.10
TCP ≈ $462 + $459.47
TCP ≈ $921.47
Therefore, the corresponding Total Cost Purchase (TCP) is approximately $921.47.
c. Validity of assumptions for the simple EOQ model:
The simple EOQ model makes certain assumptions that may or may not hold true in real-world scenarios. These assumptions include:
Constant demand: The model assumes that demand remains constant over time, which may not be the case in reality. Demand can vary due to various factors such as seasonality, market trends, and customer preferences.
Known and stable costs: The model assumes that the costs of ordering and holding inventory are known and remain constant. However, in practice, costs can fluctuate due to factors such as inflation, changes in supplier prices, or changes in transportation costs.
Instantaneous replenishment: The model assumes that inventory is replenished instantaneously once an order is placed. However, in reality, there can be lead times associated with order processing, shipping, and delivery, which may impact the inventory level and reorder point.
Independent demand: The model assumes that demand for each unit is independent and not influenced by other factors. However, in certain cases, demand may be correlated or affected by external factors such as promotions, marketing campaigns, or economic conditions.
It is important to consider these assumptions and their potential deviations from real-world conditions when applying the simple EOQ model. Adjustments or modifications may be necessary to account for specific factors and improve the accuracy of inventory management decisions.
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Allocation Company has two service departments, S1 and S2, and two operating departments, P1 and P2. Each service department provides services to the other three departments.
S1 S2 P1 P2
Costs P8,000 P4,000 P32,000 P36,000
Machine-hours used 1,000 2,000 1,500 2,500
Number of Employees 100 200 250 150
S1 uses machine hours as the cost driver, while S2 uses the number of employees.
1. Using the direct method, what is the total cost of P2?
2.Using the direct method, what is the total cost of P1?
3. Using the step method, what is the total cost of P1 considering that the highest service cost is S1?
4. Using the reciprocal method, what is the total cost of P1?
5. Using the step method, what is the total cost of P2 considering that the highest service cost is S1?
6. Using the reciprocal method, what is the total cost of P2?
Directly allocating S1 and S2 costs to P1 gives P1's total cost. P1 costs $32,000 plus $8,000 from S1 for a total of $40,000. P2's total cost. Let S2's cost allocation rate per employee be $0.25. P2 costs $36,000 plus ($0.25 * 200 employees) for $36,050.
The step technique allocates S1 and S2 costs to P1, starting with S1 since it has the highest service cost. S1 is allocated $2 for every machine hour. S1 allocates $3,000 since P1 requires 1,500 machine hours. P1 costs $32,000 (its own cost) plus $3,000 (S1) and $4,000 (S2), totaling $39,000. The reciprocal method uses S1 and S2's mutual services to calculate P1's total cost. S1's cost allocation rate per machine hour is $0.5. P1 costs $32,000 plus $0.5 * 1,500 machine hours, totaling $32,750.
The step technique allocates S1 and S2 expenses to P2, starting with S1. S1's budgeted cost is $2 * 2,500 = $5,000 if P2 consumes 2,500 machine hours. P2's overall cost is $45,000: $36,000 (its own cost), $5,000 (S1), and $4,000 (S2).
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This internship is turning into a great hands-on learning opportunity for you. Your manager has tasked you with proposing a talent management plan for pilots at Southwest Airlines. Your proposal will be considered by the Director of HR to make a formal plan.
Develop a 3- to 4-page proposal that include the following:
A recommendation of 3 recruitment sources that are best suited to recruit pilots. Consider the quantity of resumes generated, the percentage of resumes likely to result in accepted offers, the time to fill a position, and the cost to fill a position.
An evaluation of common methods used to select a candidate
Recommend 3 methods for selecting new pilots.In your evaluation, consider reliability, validity, utility, and legality.
An evaluation of common methods used to train and develop employees
Recommend 3 methods for training pilots at Southwest Airlines. Consider learning and development outcomes, cost of training and development, effectiveness of training and development, and risks.
An evaluation of common performance management systems
Recommend 1 method for performance management of pilots at Southwest Airlines. Consider strategic congruence, validity,reliability, acceptability, and specificity.
An evaluation of common methods to minimize voluntary turnover
Recommend 1 approach to retain pilots at Southwest Airlines. Consider methods for retaining employees, meeting pilot needs, and cost.
The aviation industry is a complex field. It requires the selection of the right pilots to maintain the airline's safety, and employee retention is essential to maintain the organization's profitability. This proposal identifies the best-suited recruitment sources, methods for selecting new pilots, training and development methods, performance management systems, and methods to minimize voluntary turnover.Recruitment sources Southwest Airlines has a specific strategy of using multiple sources to hire pilots. Recruitment sources that are best suited for hiring pilots include employee referral, job board advertisement, and aviation training institutions. This method is effective in retaining employees, meeting pilot's needs, and reducing the cost of recruitment and training. In conclusion, the talent management plan proposed in this proposal will provide Southwest Airlines with a competitive edge in recruiting, selecting, training, retaining pilots while meeting the organization's objectives.
Employee referrals offer candidates with experience and qualifications for the open position, and it is cost-effective. Job board advertisements are used to generate a larger pool of applicants, and the percentage of resumes likely to result in accepted offers is relatively low. Aviation training institutions provide the highest quality of candidates for the position, and the cost of recruitment is relatively high.Selection methods Southwest Airlines should use different selection methods to select new pilots. The methods include cognitive ability tests, job knowledge tests, and situational judgment tests. Cognitive ability tests can measure a candidate's critical thinking, mathematical skills, and spatial relations, and they are reliable and valid. Job knowledge tests measure the applicant's knowledge of the aviation industry, and they are useful for selecting experienced pilots. Situational judgment tests measure a candidate's behavior in situations, and they are reliable and valid.Training and development methods Southwest Airlines can use different training and development methods to train their pilots. The methods include mentoring, simulation, and e-learning. Mentoring is a cost-effective method that allows experienced pilots to train new pilots on the job. Simulation is an effective method that allows pilots to practice flight scenarios in a safe environment, and it is relatively expensive. E-learning allows pilots to learn at their own pace and location, and it is cost-effective.Performance management systems Southwest Airlines can use a performance management system that includes feedback, goal setting, and performance evaluation. Feedback allows pilots to receive information about their performance from supervisors, peers, and subordinates. Goal setting allows pilots to set performance goals that align with the organization's objectives, and performance evaluation measures the pilot's performance against the set goals.Methods to minimize voluntary turnover Southwest Airlines can use a method to minimize voluntary turnover by offering competitive salaries and benefits.
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Suppose that Brazil and Mexico both produce bananas, Brazil uses the real as their currency whereas Mexico uses the peso. The exchange rate between these two countries is 0.5 reals per peso [E reals/pesos = 0.5]. We also know that the peso dollar exchange rate is 10 pesos per dollar [E pesos/$ = 10]. In Mexico, bananas sell for 10 pesos per kilo of bananas. Suppose bananas sell for 10 pesos per kilo in Mexico. If LOOP holds, what is the price of bananas in Brazil? What is the price in the United States? Suppose the price of bananas in Brazil is 5.5 reals per kilo. At the same time, the price of bananas in the United States is $1.00 per kilo. Based on this information, where does LOOP hold? How will banana traders respond to the previous situation? In which markets will traders buy bananas? Where will they sell them? What will happen to the prices of bananas in Mexico, Brazil, and the United States? You can assume that the buying and selling will not affect the exchange rates, just the prices in the domestic markets.
LOOP (law of one price) is a financial theory that suggests that, in an efficient market, similar goods should have the same price. The theory assumes that exchange rates correctly reflect relative values between countries, that transportation costs do not restrict the international trade of goods, and that buyers can access and trade at the same prices in different markets.
As a result, LOOP applies to both domestic and international markets. In this context, if bananas sell for 10 pesos per kilo in Mexico, then 1 kilo of bananas should be equal to the cost of exchanging 10 pesos into reals (0.5 reals/pesos), which would be 5 reals per kilo (10 pesos/kilo * 0.5 reals/peso = 5 reals/kilo) in Brazil.
Similarly, if 1 kilo of bananas in the United States sells for $1, then the cost of exchanging 1 dollar into pesos (10 pesos/dollar) should also be equal to 10 pesos/kilo of bananas. Thus, 1 kilo of bananas in the United States should be worth 10 pesos, which is equivalent to 1 dollar, assuming LOOP holds.
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If the probability of completing a project in less than 25 days is 0.30. then the probability of completing the project in more than 25 days is...
Given that the probability of completing a project in less than 25 days is 0.30, we can determine the probability of completing the project in more than 25 days using the complement rule of probability. According to this rule, the probability of an event happening is equal to 1 minus the probability of the event not happening.
Applying this rule, the probability of completing the project in more than 25 days is calculated as 1 - 0.30, which equals 0.70.
This means that there is a 70% chance of the project taking longer than 25 days to complete.
The complement rule allows us to estimate the probability of an alternative outcome by subtracting the probability of the desired outcome from 1.
In this case, since the probability of completing the project in less than 25 days is known, we can easily calculate the probability of completing it in more than 25 days by subtracting 0.30 from 1.
Therefore, the probability of completing the project in more than 25 days is 0.70.
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Solve the following maximisation problem by applying the Kuhn-Tucker theorem: Maxₓ,ᵧ 3.6x-0.4x² + 1.6y-0.2y² subject to 2x + y ≤ 10 x ≥ 20 y ≥ 20
To apply the Kuhn-Tucker theorem, we need to convert the problem into a standard form by introducing Lagrange multipliers. The Lagrangian function is given by:
[tex]L(x, y, λ₁, λ₂, λ₃) = 3.6x - 0.4x² + 1.6y - 0.2y² + λ₁(2x + y - 10) + λ₂(x - 20) + λ₃(y - 20)[/tex]
We set the partial derivatives with respect to x, y, and the Lagrange multipliers equal to zero:
[tex]∂L/∂x = 3.6 - 0.8x + 2λ₁ + λ₂ = 0∂L/∂y = 1.6 - 0.4y + λ₁ + λ₃ = 0∂L/∂λ₁ = 2x + y - 10 = 0∂L/∂λ₂ = x - 20 = 0[/tex]
∂L/∂λ₃ = y - 20 = 0Solving these equations simultaneously, we findTo verify that this is a maximum, we need to check the second-order conditions. Computing the second partial derivatives, we find[tex]∂²L/∂x² = -0.8, ∂²L/∂y² = -0.4, and ∂²L/∂x∂y = 0.[/tex]Since the Hessian matrix is negative definite, the point (12, 4) satisfies the second-order conditions, confirming it as the maximum.Therefore, the maximum value of the objective function subject to the given constraints is 30.4, attained at x = 12 and y = 4.
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a more traditional budget would emphasize expense categories such as salaries, office supplies, and maintenance, while an activity-based budget would emphasize activities performed.
A traditional budget typically follows a line-item approach where expenses are categorized into specific items such as salaries, rent, and office supplies. These budgets are usually based on historical data and do not take into account the specific activities performed by the organization. In contrast, an activity-based budget (ABB) focuses on the activities performed by the organization and allocates resources accordingly.
An ABB identifies the various activities that contribute to the organization's overall goals and objectives. For example, a manufacturing firm might identify activities such as production planning, inventory management, and quality control as essential activities. The budget would then allocate resources to each activity based on its importance to the organization. The advantage of an ABB is that it provides a more accurate picture of how resources are being allocated and allows for better decision making. For example, if a particular activity is not contributing to the organization's goals, resources can be shifted to more productive activities. Additionally, an ABB can help identify areas where cost savings can be achieved, as resources can be allocated more efficiently.
In conclusion, while a traditional budget may be simpler to prepare, an activity-based budget provides a more comprehensive view of an organization's operations and resource allocation. By focusing on activities performed, an ABB allows for better decision making and cost savings.
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