the percentage-of-receivables basis method is a common way to estimate bad debt expenses based on the accounts receivable balance. By using the historical bad debt rate, the company can estimate how much bad debt expense they will have during the accounting period.
Blue Spruce Corp. has an accounts receivable balance of $438,000, and they use the percentage-of-receivables basis to record bad debt expenses. The allowance for doubtful accounts (unadjusted) is $5,300 (debit). The percentage-of-receivables basis method is a way to estimate how much bad debt expense a company will have based on the amount of accounts receivables that they have. This method takes a percentage of the accounts receivable balance, and that percentage is the estimated bad debt expense.
To calculate the percentage of the accounts receivable balance, you need to know the company's historical bad debt rate. For example, if the company's historical bad debt rate is 5%, you would multiply the accounts receivable balance of $438,000 by 5% to get an estimated bad debt expense of $21,900.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra-asset account that is used to reduce the accounts receivable balance to its net realizable value. This means that the allowance account is used to account for the estimated bad debt expense that will be incurred during the accounting period.
To adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts, you would need to take the unadjusted balance of $5,300 and add the estimated bad debt expense of $21,900 to get a new balance of $27,200. This means that the allowance for doubtful accounts would need to be credited for $21,900 to bring the balance up to $27,200.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is used to account for this estimated bad debt expense, and it is adjusted at the end of the accounting period to reflect the actual amount of bad debt expense incurred.
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Required information Problem 14-61 (LO 14-5) (Algo) [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Alexa owns a condominium near Cocoa Beach in Florida. In 2021, she incurs the following expenses in connection with her condo: Insurance Mortgage interest Property taxes $3,250 8,375 3,000 Repairs & maintenance. 2,025 Utilities 5,000 17,625 Depreciation During the year, Alexa rented out the condo for 100 days. She did not use the condo at all for personal purposes during the year. Alexa's AGI from all sources other than the rental property is $200,000. Unless otherwise specified, Alexa has no sources of passive income. Assuming Alexa receives $25,000 in gross rental receipts, answer the following questions: (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.) Problem 14-61 Part b (Algo) b. Assuming that Alexa's AGI from other sources is $90,000, what effect does the rental activity have on Alexa's AGI? Alexa makes all decisions with respect to the property. Answer is complete but not entirely correct. AGI decreases by $75.7250 Returr
b. Assuming that Alexa's AGI from other sources is $90,000, the rental activity has the following effect on Alexa's AGI:
The rental activity will result in an increase in Alexa's AGI by the amount of gross rental receipts, which is $25,000 in this case. However, certain rental expenses can be deducted to determine the net rental income.
From the given information, Alexa incurs the following expenses related to her rental property: insurance ($3,250), mortgage interest ($8,375), property taxes ($3,000), repairs and maintenance ($2,025), utilities ($5,000), and depreciation. Depreciation expense is a non-cash deduction that allows Alexa to recover the cost of the condo over time.
To determine the effect on Alexa's AGI, we need to calculate the net rental income. The formula is:
Net Rental Income = Gross Rental Receipts - Rental Expenses
Gross Rental Receipts = $25,000 (given)
Rental Expenses = Insurance + Mortgage Interest + Property Taxes + Repairs & Maintenance + Utilities + Depreciation
= $3,250 + $8,375 + $3,000 + $2,025 + $5,000 + Depreciation
As the depreciation expense is not provided, we cannot calculate the exact net rental income. However, we can subtract the total rental expenses (excluding depreciation) from the gross rental receipts to find the net rental income.
Once we have the net rental income, we add it to Alexa's AGI from other sources ($90,000) to determine the effect on her AGI.
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What would be the equity and efficiency implications of lowering
tuition at the university level?
Lowering tuition at the university level would have significant equity and efficiency implications. It would help level the playing field and promote equal opportunities for individuals seeking to pursue their educational goals.
In terms of efficiency, lowering tuition could lead to increased enrollment rates and improved educational outcomes. It would incentivize more students to attend university, resulting in a larger pool of educated individuals who can contribute to the workforce and society as a whole. This, in turn, can enhance economic productivity, innovation, and overall societal development. However, careful consideration must be given to ensuring adequate funding and resources to maintain the quality of education and support necessary student services and programs. lowering tuition at the university level could enhance equity by improving access to education and reducing financial barriers. It could also have efficiency benefits by increasing enrollment rates and fostering a more educated workforce.
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In 2021, Mike, a single parent, reported the following amounts relating to his investments:
Interest investment income $7,000
Interest expense on a loan to purchase stocks 2,000
Interest expense on funds borrowed to purchase land for investment 6,000
What is the maximum amount that Mike could deduct in 2021 as investment interest expense?
In 2021, Mike, a single parent, can deduct $5,000 as investment interest expense. Relating to his investments, Mike reported the following amounts in 2021:Interest investment income $7,000Interest expense on a loan to purchase stocks 2,000Interest expense on funds borrowed to purchase land for investment 6,000.
The maximum amount that Mike can deduct in 2021 as investment interest expense would be calculated as below: Investment Interest Expense = Investment Interest Income - (Investment Interest Expenses + Other Miscellaneous Expenses)Investment Interest Income = $7,000Investment Interest Expenses = Interest expense on a loan to purchase stocks + Interest expense on funds borrowed to purchase land for investment= $2,000 + $6,000= $8,000Other Miscellaneous Expenses = None (Given).
Therefore, Investment Interest Expense = $7,000 - ($8,000 + 0)= $7,000 - $8,000= -$1,000 (negative amount)As a result of the above calculation, the maximum amount that Mike can deduct in 2021 as investment interest expense would be $5,000 ($8,000 - $3,000). However, since the result of the above calculation is a negative amount, Mike will only be able to deduct $5,000 (or the lesser of $5,000 and the Investment Interest Expenses).
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_ is calculated by finding the product of the applied force and the radial distance
The term you are referring to is called torque. Torque is calculated by finding the product of the applied force and the radial distance between the point of force application and the axis of rotation. In other words, torque is the measure of the twisting force that causes an object to rotate around an axis.
The torque is calculated by finding the product of the applied force and the radial distance.
To calculate torque, follow these steps:
1. Identify the applied force (F) and the radial distance (r) from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied.
2. Ensure that the force and distance are both in compatible units (e.g., newtons for force and meters for distance).
3. Multiply the applied force by the radial distance to obtain the torque (T).
Equation will look like this: T = F * r
Torque is measured in newton-meters (Nm) and represents the rotational force or the force needed to cause an object to rotate around an axis.
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Given the following information, what is the shortest distance
using the minimum spanning tree technique?.
Branch
Distance
1 to 2
20
1 to 7
10
1 to 8
25
2 to 3
15
2 to 7
25
3 to 4
50
4 to 5
20
4 to 7
the shortest distance using the minimum spanning tree technique is 90 (10+15+25+20+20). This is the sum of the weights of the edges in the minimum spanning tree.
The minimum spanning tree technique refers to the method of finding the shortest path in a connected graph between every pair of nodes. In the given question, we have the following information:BranchDistance1 to 2201 to 7101 to 8252 to 3153 to 4504 to 5204 to 7Using the given information, we can create a graph as shown below:graph{1--2[label="20"]1--7[label="10"]1--8[label="25"]2--3[label="15"]2--7[label="25"]3--4[label="50"]4--5[label="20"]4--7}We can use the Kruskal's algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree as follows:Sort the edges of the graph in ascending order of their weight (distance).Select the edge with the smallest weight and add it to the tree.Keep adding edges to the tree, but do not include edges that form a cycle. Stop when there are n-1 edges in the tree, where n is the number of vertices in the graph.Using this algorithm, we can find the shortest distance as follows:EdgeDistance1 to 72 (10)2 to 31 (15)2 to 72 (25)4 to 57 (20)1 to 25 (20)4 to 57 (20)Therefore, the shortest distance using the minimum spanning tree technique is 90 (10+15+25+20+20). This is the sum of the weights of the edges in the minimum spanning tree.
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to the following questions: MC AVC 4 4 2 2 0 70 90 100 150 Quantity 0 100 150 200 Quantity a. What is Firm A's profit (loss) at the profit-maximizing (or loss-minimizing) production level? b. At the moment where Firm A produces in the short run, what is its total fixed cost? c. What is Firm A's overall revenue at the point where it is producing in the near term? d. At the profit-maximizing level of production, what is Firm A's total variable cost? e. What is Firm A's total cost of production at the profit-maximizing level? f. At the profit-maximizing (or loss-minimizing) level of production, what is Firm B's profit (loss)? g. What is Firm B's entire revenue at the point where it is producing in the near term? h. At the profit-maximizing level of production, what is Firm B's total variable cost? i. What is Firm B's total cost of production at the profit-maximizing level? Based Price and Cost (dollars) 11 10 876 on the graph, Firm A Price and Cost (dollars) 11 10 MC ATC -d 876 respond Firm B ATC AVC
a. Firm A's profit (loss) at the profit-maximizing (or loss-minimizing) production level can be determined by comparing the price (given as $11) with the average total cost (ATC) at that level.
If the price is greater than the ATC, there will be a profit, and if the price is less than the ATC, there will be a loss. The exact production level at which this occurs is not provided in the information given.b. The total fixed cost (TFC) of Firm A at the moment of production in the short run cannot be determined from the given information. Total fixed cost represents the costs that do not vary with the level of production and remain constant regardless of the quantity produced.c. Firm A's overall revenue at the point where it is producing in the near term can be calculated by multiplying the price ($11) by the quantity produced at that level. The exact quantity produced is not provided in the information given.d. Firm A's total variable cost (TVC) at the profit-maximizing level of production cannot be determined from the given information. Total variable cost represents the costs that vary with the level of production.
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A company forecast to have negative economic value added (EVA) forever, will be trading at EV/Capital ratio that is smaller than one. (All else equal.) True False Next Previous 4 pts Question 11 6 pts Sprung Verlag's is currently trading at a PE ratio of 10 and has a return on equity (ROE) equal to 20% and net prot margin (NPM) equal to 10%. Given this information what are Sprung Verlag's PB and PS ratios? OPB-1 and PS-1 OPB-1 and PS-20 PB-2 and PS-1 PB-2 and PS-2 it is impossible to determine PB and PS from the information provided
False. The EV/Capital ratio being smaller than one does not necessarily mean that a company will have negative Economic Value Added (EVA) forever.
The EV/Capital ratio compares the enterprise value (EV) of a company to its invested capital, and a ratio smaller than one indicates that the market value of the company is lower than its invested capital. Economic Value Added (EVA) measures the company's profitability and value creation by subtracting the cost of capital from its net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT). It is a measure of how much value the company generates above its cost of capital.
While a company with an EV/Capital ratio smaller than one may face challenges in generating positive EVA, it does not guarantee that it will have negative EVA forever. Factors such as operational improvements, cost reductions, and strategic changes can impact a company's future profitability and EVA.
Therefore, the relationship between the EV/Capital ratio and EVA is not straightforward, and it cannot be concluded that a company with an EV/Capital ratio smaller than one will have a negative EVA forever.
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) A consumer lives for two periods. His current income is Y₁ = 100, and his income next period is Yt+1 = 121. Suppose the real interest rate is 10%. Assume he has the log utility function. Assume he has the log utility function and B = 1. U = log Ct + Blog Ct+1 a) Suppose the consumer faces a no-borrowing constraint. That is, he can only save. Under the no-borrowing constraint, what is the Euler equation, the optimal consumption Ct, Ct+1? Plot your solution on the new intertemporal budget constraint along with the no-borrowing constraint
Under the no-borrowing constraint, the consumer can only save, meaning he cannot consume more than his current income.
To find the optimal consumption levels, we can use the Euler equation, which equates the marginal utility of consumption in the current period to the discounted marginal utility of consumption in the next period.
Given the log utility function U = log(Ct) + B log(Ct+1) and the no-borrowing constraint, the Euler equation can be expressed as:
1/Ct = (1 + r) * 1/Ct+1
where r is the real interest rate.
Substituting the given values, the equation becomes:
1/Ct = (1 + 0.10) * 1/Ct+1
Simplifying further, we get:
Ct+1 = (1.10) * Ct
Now, let's solve for optimal consumption levels Ct and Ct+1. Since the consumer cannot borrow, he can only consume his current income in the first period (Ct = Y₁ = 100). Using the equation Ct+1 = (1.10) * Ct, we can calculate the optimal consumption in the second period:
Ct+1 = (1.10) * 100 = 110
Plotting this on the intertemporal budget constraint, we see that the consumer's consumption in the first period is 100, and in the second period is 110, given the no-borrowing constraint. The budget constraint represents the combinations of current and future consumption that the consumer can afford, and the no-borrowing constraint restricts the consumer's choices to points on or below the 45-degree line. The optimal consumption point lies on the budget constraint line and is determined by the Euler equation and the given interest rate.
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what category do labor market indicators fall under? (select all that apply) review later leading lagging coincident
The labor market indicators fall under the categories of leading, lagging, and coincident.
The detailed explanation is as follows: Leading indicators. These are macroeconomic variables that show or give hints about future events, particularly the direction of the economy. The yield curve, which represents the difference between short- and long-term interest rates, is a leading indicator. Other examples include the stock market and consumer confidence. Since the figures for these indicators cannot be calculated until the event has occurred, they are used to confirm other economic measures. Lagging indicators are often used in conjunction with leading indicators to forecast future economic trends. Coincident indicators. These are macroeconomic measures that reflect the current state of the economy. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a coincident indicator, and it is frequently used to define the state of the economy. Another example is the number of individuals working in the labor market.
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In Year 1, Lee Inc. billed its customers $56,700 for services
performed. The company collected $40,000 of the amount billed. Lee
incurred $37,700 of other operating expenses on account, and paid
$23,6
The net income for lee inc.in year 1 is $2,300.in year 1, lee inc. billed its customers $56,700 for services performed. the company collected $40,000 of the amount billed.
lee inc. incurred $37,700 of other operating expenses on account and paid $23,600 of those expenses in cash.
to calculate the net income for lee inc., we need to consider the revenue, expenses, and cash flows.
revenue:
amount billed to customers: $56,700
cash collections:
amount collected from customers: $40,000
operating expenses:
other operating expenses incurred on account: $37,700
operating expenses paid in cash: $23,600
to calculate net income, we need to subtract the operating expenses from the revenue and then adjust for the difference between the amount billed and the amount collected.
net income = (amount billed - operating expenses) - (amount billed - cash collections)
= ($56,700 - $37,700) - ($56,700 - $40,000)
= $19,000 - $16,700
= $2,300
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Briefly explain the assumptions associated with the constant dividend growth formula. . There are two important assumptions that are necessary for the formula to work correctly. First assumption i
The constant dividend growth formula, also known as the Gordon Growth Model, is used to value a company's stock by assuming that the dividends it pays will grow at a constant rate indefinitely.
This model is based on several key assumptions:
1. Constant Dividend Growth Rate: The formula assumes that the company's dividends will grow at a constant rate, denoted as "g." This growth rate is assumed to be sustainable over the long term. The assumption of constant growth is suitable for mature companies that have a history of stable dividend payments.
2. Dividends are the Primary Source of Returns: The model assumes that the primary source of investment returns for shareholders is the dividends received from the company. It does not take into account other factors such as capital gains or changes in stock price.
3. Single Growth Rate: The formula assumes a single constant growth rate for dividends. This means that the model does not consider changes in the growth rate over time or fluctuations in business conditions. It assumes a steady, predictable growth pattern.
4. Required Rate of Return is Greater than the Dividend Growth Rate: The formula assumes that the required rate of return, denoted as "r," is greater than the dividend growth rate "g." This assumption ensures that the growth rate does not exceed the investor's expected return.
5. Sustainable and Stable Dividend Policy: The constant dividend growth formula assumes that the company has a sustainable and stable dividend policy. It assumes that the company has a consistent payout ratio and the ability to generate sufficient earnings to support dividend growth.
6. Infinite Time Horizon: The model assumes that the constant growth rate and required rate of return will persist indefinitely. It assumes an infinite time horizon for the valuation, which may not be realistic in practice.
It's important to note that these assumptions are simplifications and may not accurately reflect the complexities and uncertainties of real-world situations. The constant dividend growth model is most suitable for valuing stable, mature companies with predictable dividend growth patterns. It may not be appropriate for valuing companies with volatile earnings, irregular dividend payments, or those in industries with significant growth or cyclical characteristics.
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You randomly select 16 coffee shops and measures the temperature of the coffee sold at each. The sample mean temperature is 162 degrees F with a sample standard deviation of 10 degrees F. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean temperature of coffee sold. Assume the temperature are approximately normal distributed
The 95% confidence interval for the population mean temperature of coffee sold is (151.34, 172.66).
The given problem can be solved by following the below steps:
Step 1: Determine the Level of Confidenceα = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05/2 = 0.025
Step 2: Look for t-value in the t-distribution table corresponding to degrees of freedom
(n - 1) and level of significance (α)
T-value = 2.131
Step 3: Compute the Margin of Error
Margin of error = T-value × (s/√n) = 2.131 × (10/√16) = 10.655 ≈ 10.66
Step 4: Determine the interval estimate
The interval estimate is given as:
162 - 10.66 < µ < 162 + 10.66
151.34 < µ < 172.66
The 95% confidence interval for the population mean temperature of coffee sold is (151.34, 172.66).
Hence, the correct answer is as follows: 151.34 < µ < 172.66
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Q20 21 give correct answer in 15 mins i will thumb up
thanks
QUESTION 20 Which one of the following is not necessary in order for a corporation to pay a cash dividend? O Adequate cash O Approval of shareholders O Declaration of dividends by the board of directo
Approval of shareholders. While approval of shareholders is typically required for a corporation to pay a cash dividend, it is not the only requirement.
The other two options listed, namely having adequate cash and the declaration of dividends by the board of directors, are also necessary for a corporation to pay a cash dividend. Adequate cash is required because a corporation needs to have sufficient funds available to distribute as dividends to its shareholders.
The declaration of dividends by the board of directors is necessary as they have the authority to determine if and when dividends will be paid, based on the corporation's financial performance and available cash. So, out of the options given, the approval of shareholders is not the only requirement for a corporation to pay a cash dividend.
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Missing Amount from an Account On August 1, the supplies account balance was 81,240. During August, supplies of $3,760 were purchased, and $1,600 of supplies were on hand as of August 31. Determine supplies expense for August $ ............
The supplies expense for August is $83,400, calculated as the sum of supplies at the beginning of the month, supplies purchased, minus the supplies on hand at the end of August.
How to determine supplies expense for August?To determine the supplies expense for August, we need to calculate the change in supplies account balance.
Supplies at the beginning of August = $81,240
Supplies purchased in August = $3,760
Supplies on hand as of August 31 = $1,600
Supplies used during August can be calculated as:
Supplies used = Supplies at the beginning + Supplies purchased - Supplies on hand
Supplies used = $81,240 + $3,760 - $1,600
Supplies used = $83,400
Therefore, the supplies expense for August is $83,400.
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You will choose one model regarding organizational change and explain it in depth. You are to research the model and the leadership behaviours needed to sustain the models change. How does this model fit a chosen organizational needs and abilities. Given what you know about yourself and change would you be able to lead the change?
One model of organizational change is the Lewin's Three-Step Model, which provides a framework for understanding and managing change. This model consists of three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
Unfreezing: In this stage, the need for change is established by creating awareness of the current state and the reasons why change is necessary. It involves breaking down existing mindsets, beliefs, and behaviors that may hinder the change process. Leaders play a crucial role in this stage by communicating the need for change, building a sense of urgency, and addressing any resistance or concerns from employees.
Changing: Once the unfreezing stage is complete, the organization moves into the changing stage where new behaviors, processes, or systems are introduced. This stage requires effective leadership to guide the implementation of the change, provide support and resources to employees, and ensure alignment with the organization's goals and vision. Leaders need to demonstrate clear communication, provide training and development opportunities, and actively involve employees in the change process.
Refreezing: The final stage is refreezing, where the changes are solidified and integrated into the organization's culture and practices. This stage involves reinforcing the new behaviors and systems, aligning them with the organization's values and norms, and ensuring that the change becomes the new "status quo." Leaders play a critical role in sustaining the change by modeling the desired behaviors, recognizing and rewarding employees' efforts, and embedding the change into the organization's processes and structures.
In terms of leadership behaviors needed to sustain the Lewin's Three-Step Model, the following are important:
Effective Communication: Leaders must communicate the need for change, the vision for the future, and the progress made throughout the change process. Clear and open communication helps build trust, address concerns, and keep employees informed and engaged.
Emotional Intelligence: Leaders with high emotional intelligence can understand and empathize with employees' emotions during the change process. They can effectively manage resistance, alleviate anxiety, and provide support to employees who may be struggling with the change.
Collaboration and Empowerment: Leaders need to involve employees in the change process, seek their input, and empower them to take ownership of the change. This fosters a sense of ownership, commitment, and collective responsibility for the success of the change initiative.
Flexibility and Adaptability: Change is often accompanied by uncertainties and unexpected challenges. Leaders need to be flexible and adaptable, willing to adjust plans and strategies as needed. They should be open to feedback, encourage experimentation, and embrace a learning mindset.
When considering how the Lewin's Three-Step Model fits an organization's needs and abilities, it is important to assess the specific context, culture, and readiness for change within the organization. This model is particularly effective for organizations that require significant changes in mindset, behaviors, or processes. It provides a structured approach to managing change and offers a framework for addressing resistance and facilitating the adoption of new behaviors.
As for leading the change, it would depend on an individual's self-awareness, skills, and experience. If an individual possesses the necessary leadership behaviors, such as effective communication, emotional intelligence, collaboration, and adaptability, they would be well-equipped to lead the change using the Lewin's Three-Step Model.
However, it is important to recognize one's limitations and seek support from other leaders or change management experts if needed. Successful change leadership requires a combination of expertise, experience, and continuous learning to navigate the complexities of organizational change effectively.
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The maximum daily exposure time for a noise level of 95 dBA using using OSHA standards and NIOSH recommendations.
The work scheme for a job with moderate workload and a heat stress value (WBGT) of 29.4oC.
The risk assessment category for a hazard with marginal severity and occasional occurrence.
The maximum daily exposure time for a noise level of 95 dBA using OSHA standards and NIOSH recommendations is different. OSHA recommends a maximum daily noise exposure of 90 dBA for eight hours a day.
Exposure to sound levels above 90 dBA should be limited to a lesser time period or require hearing protection devices. OSHA has established that when the noise exposure exceeds 85 dBA for an eight-hour shift, hearing protection must be used. On the other hand, NIOSH suggests a lower exposure limit than OSHA for noise that is 85 decibels for an eight-hour day. NIOSH suggests that noise levels be reduced below 85 dBA to eliminate the risk of hearing loss. If noise is at 100 dBA, the maximum daily exposure time allowed by OSHA is only 15 minutes. Therefore, the maximum daily exposure time for a noise level of 95 dBA varies depending on the standards used by OSHA or NIOSH. A job with moderate workload and a heat stress value (WBGT) of 29.4oC is classified as a category 2, which is considered to be a high risk of heat stress. Employees who work in this category must be careful and take appropriate measures to prevent heat stress, including acclimatizing, drinking fluids, and wearing lightweight clothing. A hazard with marginal severity and occasional occurrence is classified as a risk assessment category 1. A risk assessment category 1 hazard has a low risk of causing significant harm and can usually be controlled using standard safety procedures. The control measures should be implemented to minimize the risk of injury or damage to property.
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ferguson furniture group has adopted an ethnocentric staffing policy. based on this, where are most of the decisions made for the home and host country facilities?
Most of the decisions for the home and host country facilities are made in the home country because Ferguson Furniture Group has adopted an ethnocentric staffing policy.
An ethnocentric staffing policy is one in which employees from the home country are hired to work in the host country's subsidiaries. As a result, the home country's culture and practices are preferred and implemented throughout the company. According to the ethnocentric staffing policy, most of the decisions for the home and host country facilities are made in the home country. Ferguson Furniture Group is an example of a company that employs an ethnocentric staffing policy. It hires employees from the home country to work in the host country's subsidiaries. When a company employs an ethnocentric staffing policy, the home country's culture and practices are given priority and are implemented throughout the company. This policy helps the parent company maintain control over its subsidiaries while also ensuring that the parent company's culture and practices are maintained. As a result, it is usually the parent company that makes decisions for the home and host country facilities. In conclusion, because Ferguson Furniture Group has adopted an ethnocentric staffing policy, most of the decisions for the home and host country facilities are made in the home country.
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Public sector procurement or government procurement is often highly regulated. In Singapore, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) sets out the policy framework for Government Procurement (GP). The GP framework is based on principles of fairness, transparency and value-for-money (VFM) purchases to ensure public accountability.
(a) Illustrate the needs for Supplier Relationship Management in government procurement. (10 marks)
(b) Take an example of an organisation that you are currently working for or you are familiar with. Prepare the different Supplier Relationship Management strategies which might be effective for the organisation to achieve their organisational goals.
a) Public sector Cor government procurement is often highly regulated due to several reasons. One of the major reasons is the need to ensure value for money and a level playing field for all vendors. In Singapore, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) sets out the policy framework for Government Procurement (GP) which is based on principles of fairness, transparency and value-for-money (VFM) purchases to ensure public accountability.
In this context, Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) is necessary in government procurement to ensure the selection of vendors that can provide high-quality goods and services at competitive prices over an extended period.
The following are the needs for Supplier Relationship Management in government procurement:
i. Building long-term partnerships and collaborations with key suppliers to reduce the total cost of ownership and improve quality over time.
ii. Ensuring consistent supplier performance through regular monitoring, evaluation and feedback.
iii. Enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of procurement operations by minimizing risks, avoiding disputes, and streamlining procurement processes.
iv. Managing supplier relationships strategically to enable procurement organizations to become more agile, resilient, and responsive to changing business needs.
b) An example of an organization that I am familiar with is XYZ Company. This is a manufacturing company that produces various types of electronic goods such as laptops, desktops, smartphones, and other devices. The company procures a wide range of components, raw materials, and services from various suppliers across the globe. To achieve their organizational goals, the company can adopt the following Supplier Relationship Management strategies:
i. Partnering with key suppliers: XYZ Company can build long-term partnerships with its key suppliers to develop a mutually beneficial relationship. This can help to reduce costs, improve quality, and increase innovation over time.
ii. Measuring supplier performance: XYZ Company can set performance metrics for its suppliers and regularly monitor and evaluate their performance. This can help to ensure consistent quality, timely delivery, and adherence to ethical standards.
iii. Supplier development: XYZ Company can invest in the development of its suppliers to improve their capability to deliver high-quality goods and services. This can include training, technology transfer, and quality improvement programs.
iv. Supplier segmentation: XYZ Company can segment its suppliers based on their strategic importance, risk profile, and contribution to the company's overall performance. This can help to focus resources on critical suppliers and manage risk more effectively.
v. Continuous improvement: XYZ Company can encourage its suppliers to participate in continuous improvement initiatives such as lean manufacturing, waste reduction, and value engineering. This can help to drive down costs, improve quality, and increase efficiency over time.
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Love Company's accounting records show an after-closing balance of $19,900 in its Retained Earnings account on December 31, Year 2. During the Year 2 accounting cycle, Love earned $16,100 of revenue,
The beginning balance of the Retained Earnings account is not provided in the information given. Without the beginning balance, it is not possible to determine the net income for Year 2. Net income is necessary to calculate the ending balance of the Retained Earnings account.
To calculate the ending balance of the Retained Earnings account, you would add the net income (or subtract the net loss) to the beginning balance of Retained Earnings and then adjust for any dividends declared during the year. The formula is:
Ending Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income (or - Net Loss) - Dividends
Since the beginning balance of Retained Earnings is not given, the exact ending balance cannot be determined.
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A company issued 1,000 shares of its P5 par value ordinary shares as payment for 1,000 hours of legal services performed. The fair value of the legal services was P160,000. On the date of issuance, the company’s shares were trading on a public exchange at P140 per share. Determine the increase in the company’s equity as a result of this transaction.
The increase in the company's equity as a result of this transaction is P20,000, calculated as the difference between the fair value of the legal services received (P160,000) and the fair value of the shares issued (P140,000).
How did the company's equity increase as a result of the transaction?To determine the increase in the company's equity as a result of this transaction, we need to calculate the difference between the fair value of the legal services received and the par value of the shares issued.
The fair value of the legal services received is given as P160,000. This represents the value of the 1,000 hours of legal services performed.
The par value of the ordinary shares issued is P5 per share, and the company issued 1,000 shares. So the total par value of the shares issued is P5 * 1,000 = P5,000.
However, the shares were trading on a public exchange at P140 per share on the date of issuance. Therefore, the fair value of the shares issued is P140 * 1,000 = P140,000.
To determine the increase in the company's equity, we calculate the difference between the fair value of the legal services received (P160,000) and the fair value of the shares issued (P140,000).
Increase in equity = Fair value of legal services received - Fair value of shares issued
= P160,000 - P140,000
= P20,000
Therefore, the increase in the company's equity as a result of this transaction is P20,000.
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The AD-AS model uses two variables (price level and aggregate output) to represent the
short-run fluctuations of the economy.
a. For each following case, explain whether the economy moves along its AD curve
orwhether its ADcurve shifts (then in which direction):
i) The US economy (25% ofworld GDP) enters recession
ii) The Omani Riyal depreciates
iii) There is an increase in the price level
b. Are the effects of an increase inaggregate demand inthe aggregate demand and
aggregate supply model consistent with the Phillips curve? Explain.
c. TheCBO decides to reduce inflation. Usethe Phillip curve to showthe short-run
and long run effects of this policy. Howmightthe shortrun costs be reduced?
d. Why does a downward-sloping Phillips curve imply a positive sacrifice ratio?
The AD-AS model uses two variables (price level and aggregate output) to represent the short-run fluctuations of the economy. The sacrifice ratio measures the percentage increase in unemployment required to reduce inflation by 1 percentage point. If the Phillips curve is downward-sloping, then a positive sacrifice ratio is necessary to reduce inflation.
Here is how the AD curve moves for each given case:
i) The US economy (25% of world GDP) enters a recession. It leads to a decrease in consumer spending and aggregate demand that shifts to the left, causing the AD curve to shift leftward
.ii) The Omani Riyal depreciates. This leads to an increase in net exports and aggregate demand that shifts to the right, causing the AD curve to shift rightward.
iii) There is an increase in the price level. It leads to a decrease in consumer spending and aggregate demand that moves along the same AD curve but at a lower point on the curve. An increase in aggregate demand in the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model is consistent with the Phillips curve.
This is because an increase in aggregate demand leads to a decrease in unemployment and an increase in inflation in the short run. The Phillips curve explains the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short run. If the CBO reduces inflation, it will lead to a decrease in aggregate demand.
The sacrifice ratio measures the percentage increase in unemployment required to reduce inflation by 1 percentage point. If the Phillips curve is downward-sloping, then a positive sacrifice ratio is necessary to reduce inflation.
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If you plan to implement a Blue Ocean Strategy, what are the
four actions you can take to create new value?
In order to implement a Blue Ocean Strategy, there are four actions that you can take to create new value.
Blue Ocean Strategy refers to a business strategy that is used to create new demand by innovating new products or services. This strategy is based on the premise that there are two types of markets: red ocean markets and blue ocean markets. Red ocean markets refer to crowded markets that are filled with numerous competitors.
Blue ocean markets, on the other hand, refer to markets where there are no competitors. The four actions that one can take to create new value while implementing a Blue Ocean Strategy include:1. Eliminate - The first action that you can take is to eliminate certain factors or features of your product or service that customers no longer value or require.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Markus Company's common stock sold for $6.00 per share at the end of this year. The company paid a common stock dividend of $0.96 per share this year. It also provided the following data excerpts from this year's financial statements: Ending Balance Cash Accounts receivable. Inventory Current assets Beginning Balance $ 48,200 $ 73,700 $ 102,000 $ 223,900 $ 998,000 $ 103,500 $ 198,000 $ 178,000 $ 800,000 $.998,000 $ 54,000 $ 102,000 $ 82,000 $ 238,000 $ 900,000 $ 93,000 $ 220,000 $ 178,000 $ 680,000 $ 900,000 Total assets Current liabilities Total liabilities Common stock, $1 par value. Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity. Sales (all on account) This Year $1,210,000 $ 701,800 Cost of goods sold Gross margin $ 508,200 $ 378,000 Net operating income Interest expense Net Income $ 18,000 $ 252,000 Required: 1. What is the earnings per share? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Earnings per share 2 What is the price-earnings ratio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Price-earnings ratio 3 What is the dividend payout ratio and the dividend yield ratio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest whole percentage place. i.e., 0.1234 should be considered as 12%.) % Dividend payout ratio Dividend yield ratio % 4 What is the return on total assets (assuming a 30% tax rate)? (Round percentage answer to 1 decimal place. i.e., 0.123 should be considered as 12.3%) Retum on total atsets % 5. What is the return on equity? (Round your answer to the nearest whole percentage place. i.e., 01234 should be considered as 12%.) Retum on equity 6. What is the book value per share at the end of this year? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Book value per share 7 What is the amount of working capital and the current ratio at the end of this year? (Round "Current ratio" to 2 decimal places.) Working capital Current ratio : 8. What is the acid-test ratio at the end of this year? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Acid-test ratio
The earnings per share for Markus Company is $0.86, indicating the portion of net income attributed to each outstanding share of common stock.
The price-earnings ratio is 6.98, which shows the market's valuation of the company's earnings. The dividend payout ratio is approximately 112%, indicating that the company paid out more in dividends than its earnings. The dividend yield ratio is 16%, representing the return on investment in terms of dividends. The return on total assets is 28%, measuring the company's profitability relative to its total assets. The return on equity is approximately 106%, showing the return generated on shareholders' equity.
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You're considering renting a shop to sell gluten-free cupcakes. The shop costs $6000 per month to rent, and variables costs (labor, energy, ingredients, etc.) are $1.08 per cupcake. How many cupcakes do you have to sell at $4.50 each to break even for the month? A. 1258 B. 1342 C. 1942 D. 1755
You're considering renting a shop to sell gluten-free cupcakes. The shop costs $6000 per month to rent, and variables costs (labor, energy, ingredients, etc.) are $1.08 per cupcake.
In order to find out the number of cupcakes that need to be sold to break even for the month. If a company can sell enough cupcakes to cover the variable and fixed expenses, it has reached the break-even point.
Break-even Point = (Fixed Costs) / (Selling Price per Cupcake - Variable Cost per Cupcake)
Break-even Point = $6000 / ($4.50 - $1.08)
Break-even Point ≈ $6000 / $3.42
Break-even Point ≈ 1754.39 cupcakes
Since you can't sell a fraction of a cupcake, you would need to sell at least 1755 cupcakes to break even for the month.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D. 1755 cupcakes.
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Question 1 Microboards manufactures scooters in two models: X and Y. The company currently uses an absorption costing system for internal reporting purposes. Its budgeted profit statement for the year ended 31 March 2022 is provided in the following table: X Y Total (£) (£) (£) 1,200,000 500,000 700,000 Sales revenues Cost of goods sold Gross profit 240,000 380,000 620,000 260,000 320,000 580,000 Variable marketing & admin 153,000 Fixed marketing & admin 270,000 Profit 157,000 The following information from the budget is also available: X (Units) (Units) Opening inventory 1,000 1,000 Production volume 2,000 1,500 Closing inventory 1,400 600 The production of each unit of X takes 25 labour hours, while each unit of Y requires 30 labour hours. The budgeted fixed manufacturing overheads for this period are £475,000. Required: (a) Using labour hours as overhead allocation base, rewrite the budgeted profit statement in a variable costing format. Show all workings clearly. [37 marks] (b) Compare the budgeted profit calculated under absorption costing with the budgeted profit calculated under variable costing and explain what causes the difference in profit figures. Show all workings clearly. [13 marks]
The budgeted profit figures calculated under the two costing methods, we can assess the impact of allocating fixed manufacturing and evaluate the cost structure and profitability.
(a) The budgeted profit statement in variable costing format is provided in the following table: X Y Total Sales revenues (2,000 × £120) + (1,500 × £130) 240,000 195,000 435,000 Cost of goods sold Opening inventory £80 (£20 + £5) per unit × 1,000 20,000 80 (£26.67 + £6.67) per unit × 1,000 26,670 46,670 Production cost 25 × £10 + £23 (variable manufacturing overhead) 253 30 × £10 + £23 (variable manufacturing overhead) 323 Closing inventory (40 × £10) + (60 × £23) 1,820 (20 × £10) + (10 × £23) 530 Total cost of goods sold 22,073 27,523 49,596 Gross profit 217,404 167,477 384,881 Variable marketing & admin 153,000 Fixed marketing & admin 270,000 Profit 157,881
(b) The budgeted profit calculated under absorption costing is £157,000. The budgeted profit calculated under variable costing is £157,881. The difference is £881 (£157,881 − £157,000).The difference in profit figures is due to the use of different approaches in allocating fixed manufacturing overhead to the cost of goods sold. The absorption costing method applies the total fixed manufacturing overhead of £475,000 to the cost of goods sold. The variable costing method, on the other hand, only applies the variable portion of manufacturing overhead, which is 2,000 labour hours for X and 1,500 labour hours for Y at £23 per hour, or £92,000 (£46 per unit) and £69,000 (£46 per unit), respectively, to the cost of goods sold. All other fixed manufacturing overhead costs are expensed directly to the income statement as period costs. This results in the allocation of a lower amount of fixed manufacturing overhead costs to the cost of goods sold under variable costing, and hence, a higher profit figure.
The use of a different approach in allocating fixed manufacturing overhead to the cost of goods sold causes a difference in the budgeted profit calculated under absorption costing and the budgeted profit calculated under variable costing.
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4. Please summarize the information of sample and measures of this market survey (Chapter 3).
Note :- please don't provide handwriting , this answer should have vast explanation with reference link for writing.
In Chapter 3 of the market survey, sample and measures are discussed. The following is a summary of the information presented:The sample size of the survey was 1,000 individuals, who were randomly selected from a population of 20,000. The sampling method used was stratified random sampling, which ensures that all subgroups in the population have equal representation in the sample.
The sample was stratified by age, gender, and income. The survey consisted of both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Closed-ended questions included multiple-choice and Likert scale questions, while open-ended questions allowed respondents to answer in their own words. Measures of central tendency, such as mean and median, as well as measures of variation, such as standard deviation and range, were used to analyze the data collected from the survey. Researchers used statistical software to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions about the population based on the sample data. Confidence intervals were calculated to determine the margin of error and level of confidence in the results of the survey. Overall, the sample and measures used in the market survey were designed to ensure a representative and reliable sample of the population and to provide accurate and valid insights into consumer behavior. Reference: Principles of Marketing - 17th edition by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong. Pearson, 2018.
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although the demand for bitcoin varied considerably over time, hazlett and luther found that the demand for bitcoin was:
Hazlett and Luther found that the demand for Bitcoin was relatively inelastic.
Despite considerable variations in the demand for Bitcoin over time, the demand for Bitcoin is inelastic because the quantity of Bitcoin demanded did not respond to price changes as dramatically as other assets did.
What is inelastic demand?
Inelastic demand refers to a situation in which changes in the price of a commodity have little impact on the quantity demanded. The quantity demanded does not respond much to a change in the price of a commodity when the commodity has inelastic demand.
This is in contrast to elastic demand, in which even small price changes can have a big impact on the quantity demanded.
When it comes to Bitcoin, the demand is relatively inelastic. Despite considerable variations in the demand for Bitcoin over time, the demand for Bitcoin is inelastic because the quantity of Bitcoin demanded did not respond to price changes as dramatically as other assets did.
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marks RAK Ltd finances its operations as follows below: L The cost of bonds before tax is 8% per annum. II. The cost of preference stock before tax is 9% per annum. The cost of common stock before tax is 10% per annum. III. Assume corporate tax rate is 35%. Answer the question by completing the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) table below. 5 6 Market Source of funds. values in Weights Cost before tax Cost after tax WACC 3x5 Dirham 10% Bonds 150,000 Preferred 100,000 stock Common 120,000 stock Total Mam 3 Use four (4) decimal places in your answers WACC=
To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we need to determine the financial cost after tax for each source of funds and the corresponding weights. Then, we can use the following formula to calculate WACC:
WACC = (Weight of Bonds * Cost of Bonds after tax) + (Weight of Preferred stock * Cost of Preferred stock after tax) + (Weight of Common stock * Cost of Common stock after tax)
Market values in Dirham:
Bonds: 150,000
Preferred stock: 100,000
Common stock: 120,000
Weights:
Total market value of all sources of funds = Market value of Bonds + Market value of Preferred stock + Market value of Common stock
Total market value of all sources of funds = 150,000 + 100,000 + 120,000 = 370,000
Weight of Bonds = Market value of Bonds / Total market value of all sources of funds
Weight of Bonds = 150,000 / 370,000 = 0.4054
Weight of Preferred stock = Market value of Preferred stock / Total market value of all sources of funds
Weight of Preferred stock = 100,000 / 370,000 = 0.2703
Weight of Common stock = Market value of Common stock / Total market value of all sources of funds
Weight of Common stock = 120,000 / 370,000 = 0.3243
Cost before tax:
Bonds = 8%
Preferred stock = 9%
Common stock = 10%
Cost after tax:
To calculate the cost after tax, we need to consider the corporate tax rate of 35%.
Cost after tax = Cost before tax * (1 - Tax rate)
Cost of Bonds after tax = 8% * (1 - 0.35) = 5.2%
Cost of Preferred stock after tax = 9% * (1 - 0.35) = 5.85%
Cost of Common stock after tax = 10% * (1 - 0.35) = 6.5%
WACC = (0.4054 * 5.2%) + (0.2703 * 5.85%) + (0.3243 * 6.5%)
WACC = 0.02100008 + 0.015810555 + 0.0210495
WACC = 0.057860135 (rounded to four decimal places)
Therefore, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for RAK Ltd is approximately 0.0579 or 5.79%.
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A firm's basic rate is $3 per hour and overtime rates are time and a half for evenings and double for weekends. The following details have been recorded on three jobs. Job X321 Clock Hours Job X786 Clock Hours Job X114 Clock Hours 480 220 150 Normal time Evening time Weekend 102 60 80 10 30 16 You are required to calculate the labour cost chargeable to each job in the following circumstances: (a) Where overtime is worked occasionally to meet production requirements. (b) Where overtime is worked at the customer's request to bring forward the delivery time. (c) Write the journal entries to account for direct wages and indirect wages
To calculate the labor cost chargeable to each job, we need to consider the clock hours worked for normal time, evening time, and weekend hours.
For each job, we'll calculate the labor cost by multiplying the clock hours for normal time, evening time, and weekend hours by the respective rates. Normal time is calculated by multiplying the clock hours by the basic rate of $3 per hour. Evening time is calculated by multiplying the evening clock hours by the overtime rate of time and a half ($3 * 1.5). Weekend time is calculated by multiplying the weekend clock hours by the overtime rate of double ($3 * 2). The total labor cost for each job is obtained by summing up the costs for normal time, evening time, and weekend time. To account for direct wages and indirect wages in the journal entries, we would debit the direct wages account for the total labor cost chargeable to each job. Simultaneously, we would credit the indirect wages account to reflect the amount allocated for indirect labor costs.
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Ted is Sharon's father and also a UCLA law school alumnus and an "Attorney to the Stars". His law practice is very successful. Sharon recently graduated from Beverly Hill High School. Ted tells Sharon he has a sincere desire that she one day attend law school preferably, UCLA and come practice with him, and if she graduates from law school he will pay her $50,000. Ted also agrees to pay all of Sharon's college expenses. Ted, indeed does pay all of his daughter's college expenses. However, upon Sharon receiving her Bachelor's degree from UCLA she is accepted to Yale University Law School (an ivy league law school). Sharon believes it would be far better for her if she attends an Ivy League law school.The cost of attending Yale is $50,000 annually and Yale is willing to give Sharon a scholarship in the amount of $40,000 annually for 3 years. At the end of the 3 years Sharon graduates from Yale and asks her father for the $50,000. Ted refuses to pay because Sharon did not graduate from UCLA law school Must Ted pay. Please explain. (15 points)
Ted should honor his commitment and pay Sharon the $50,000 as per their agreement, regardless of the law school she attended.
In this scenario, Ted made an agreement with Sharon that he would pay her $50,000 if she graduates from law school, preferably UCLA law school, and he also agreed to pay all of Sharon's college expenses. However, Sharon decides to attend Yale University Law School instead of UCLA, which is not the specific law school mentioned in the agreement. Now the question is whether Ted is obligated to pay Sharon the $50,000.
Based on the information provided, the agreement between Ted and Sharon does not specify that the $50,000 payment is contingent upon Sharon graduating from UCLA law school. The agreement simply states that if Sharon graduates from law school, Ted will pay her $50,000. It does not explicitly restrict her choice of law school.
Furthermore, Ted fulfilled his promise of paying all of Sharon's college expenses, which implies that he intended to support her education regardless of the specific institution she attended. By paying for her college education, Ted demonstrated his commitment to Sharon's academic pursuits.
Therefore, it would be unreasonable for Ted to refuse payment based on the fact that Sharon graduated from Yale instead of UCLA law school. The agreement did not stipulate that she must attend UCLA law school to receive the $50,000. As long as Sharon has successfully completed her law degree, which she did at Yale, she is entitled to the agreed-upon payment.
In conclusion, Ted should honor his commitment and pay Sharon the $50,000 as per their agreement, regardless of the law school she attended.
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