Both Josef Loschmidt and Amedeo Avogadro contributed to our understanding of basic molecular numbers sizes reaction ratios. Neither scientist discovered avogadro’s number in the form we use today (6.02 x 10^23). Still, there’s controversy over the name of this number. Research the contributions of these two scientists and how Avogadro’s number got its name. Note the name you think is the number should be called provide key details about each scientist contribution to this concept and give a solid rationale for your case and Namingthe number.
Answers
Avogadro's number, which is equal to [tex]6.02214076 \times 10^23[/tex] Is the quantity of units in one mole of any material (defined as its molecular weight in grams).
What Avogadro’s number in the form we use today?Avogadro made the right assumption that equivalent quantities of gases at the same pressure and temperature contain an equal number of molecules. Avogadro proposed a theory in 1811 that his contemporaries disregarded for many years.
In order to determine how many particles there are in a cubic centimetre of gas under ideal conditions, Loschmidt employed the kinetic molecular theory in 1865. The acknowledged value of this quantity—now known as the Loschmidt constant is [tex]2.6867773 \times 10^25 m-3.[/tex]
Therefore, equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure should contain equal numbers of molecules, as Avogadro rightly theorized. It is [tex]6.02214076 \times 10^23[/tex] Or Avogadro's number.
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Related Questions
An electric field of 6.50×105 V/m
is desired between two parallel plates, each of area 45.0 cm2
and separated by 2.45 mm
of air. What charge must be on each plate?
Answers
The charge on each plate is 2.608×10⁻⁸ C. Charge is a fundamental physical property of matter that describes the degree to which it interacts with electromagnetic fields.
Describe Charge?
It is an intrinsic property of subatomic particles, such as protons and electrons, that gives rise to electric and magnetic forces.
The basic unit of charge is the Coulomb (C), named after the French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, who first quantified the electric force between charged objects. A single proton or electron has a charge of approximately 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ Coulombs.
Electric charge is conserved, which means that the total amount of charge in a closed system remains constant over time. Charges can be positive, negative, or neutral, and like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other.
The electric field between two parallel plates is given by:
E = V/d
where E is the electric field, V is the potential difference between the plates, and d is the distance between the plates.
In this case, the desired electric field is E = 6.50×10⁵ V/m, and the distance between the plates is d = 2.45 mm = 0.00245 m. So, we can solve for the potential difference between the plates as:
V = Ed = (6.50×10⁵ V/m)(0.00245 m) = 1592.5 V
Since the potential difference between the plates is the same as the potential difference across the capacitor, we can use the formula for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor to find the charge on each plate:
C = ε0A/d
where C is the capacitance, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, A is the area of each plate, and d is the distance between the plates.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
C = (8.85×10⁻¹² F/m)(0.00045 m²)/(0.00245 m) = 1.635×10⁻¹¹ F
Finally, we can find the charge on each plate using the formula:
Q = CV
where Q is the charge on each plate, C is the capacitance, and V is the potential difference between the plates. Plugging in the values we found, we get:
Q = (1.635×10⁻¹¹ F)(1592.5 V) = 2.608×10⁻⁸ C
Therefore, the charge on each plate is 2.608 ×10⁻⁸ C.
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Question:
a) The amount of charge that passes through a copper wire in 5.4 s is 2.37 C. Find the current in the wire.
The wire has a charge carrier density of 7.5 × 10^26 /3
and a radius of 1.0 mm.
b) What is the cross sectional area of the wire?
c) What is the charge of the charge carriers in the copper wire?
d) Using all of the above, calculate the drift speed of the electrons in this wire
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
a) To find the current in the wire, use the formula:
I = Q / t
Where I is the current, Q is the amount of charge that passes through the wire (2.37 C), and t is the time (5.4 s).
I = 2.37 C / 5.4 s = 0.44 A
So the current in the wire is 0.44 A.
b) To find the cross-sectional area of the wire, use the formula:
A = π * r^2
Where A is the cross-sectional area, r is the radius of the wire (1.0 mm = 0.001 m), and π is Pi (3.14).
A = π * (0.001 m)^2 = 3.14 * 10^-6 m^2
So the cross-sectional area of the wire is 3.14 * 10^-6 m^2.
c) To find the charge of the charge carriers in the wire, use the formula:
Q = n * e
Where Q is the charge, n is the number of charge carriers, and e is the elementary charge (1.60 × 10^-19 C).
The wire has a charge carrier density of 7.5 × 10^26 /3, so the number of charge carriers can be calculated as:
n = (charge carrier density * cross-sectional area of the wire)
n = (7.5 × 10^26 / 3) * (3.14 * 10^-6 m^2)
n = 7.5 × 10^26 * 3.14 * 10^-6 / 3
n = 2.35 × 10^20
So the charge of the charge carriers in the wire is:
Q = n * e = 2.35 × 10^20 * 1.60 × 10^-19 C = 3.72 × 10^-19 C
d) To find the drift speed of the electrons in the wire, use the formula:
v = I / (n * e * A)
Where v is the drift speed, I is the current (0.44 A), n is the number of charge carriers (2.35 × 10^20), e is the elementary charge (1.60 × 10^-19 C), and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire (3.14 * 10^-6 m^2).
v = 0.44 A / (2.35 × 10^20 * 1.60 × 10^-19 C * 3.14 * 10^-6 m^2)
v = 0.44 / (2.35 × 10^20 * 1.60 × 10^-19 * 3.14 * 10^-6)
v = 0.44 / (3.74 × 10^-5)
v = 11766 m/s
So the drift speed of the electrons in this wire is 11766 m/s.
A 1. 20-gram sample of a hydrated salt is heated to a constant mass of 0. 80 gram. What was the percent by mass of water contained in the original sample?.
Answers
Water has a mass of 1.20 - 0.80 = 0.40 gram.
The water percentage is (0.40 / 1.20) * 100 = 33 1/3%
Evaporation is the physical process through which water transitions from a liquid to a gaseous state and then returns to the atmosphere as steam. Water in solid form (snow or ice) can also move straight to steam, a process known as sublimation. The word must be defined in a broad sense, including sublimation, to consequences of predicting evaporation losses in a region. Solar radiation supplies the energy required for water molecules to shift states.
Calculations:
Initial mass - ultimate mass of evaporated water
Evaporated water: 1.2 g - 0.8 g
0.4 g = evaporated H20
100% 1.2 g total mass
0.4 g of H20 --> 33.33 %
The initial sample has 33.33% of its mass in water.
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Let A⃗ =6i^−3j^, B⃗ =−4i^+4j^, and F⃗ =A⃗ −5B⃗ .
1. What is the magnitude of vector F⃗ ?
2. What is the direction of the vector F⃗ ?
Answers
The magnitude of vector F⃗ is approximately 34.7.
Describe Magnitude?
Magnitude is a term used in physics to describe the size or quantity of a physical property or phenomenon, such as the strength of a force, the intensity of light or sound, or the size of a vector.
It is a scalar value that expresses the amount or level of a quantity, without specifying its direction or orientation. In the context of vectors, magnitude refers to the length of the vector, which is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the vector's components. Magnitude is typically expressed in units that correspond to the physical property being measured, such as meters for length or newtons for force.
To find the magnitude of vector F⃗, we first need to calculate the components of vector F⃗.
F⃗ = A⃗ - 5B⃗
= 6i^ - 3j^ - 5(-4i^ + 4j^) [substituting the given values]
= 6i^ - 3j^ + 20i^ - 20j^
= 26i^ - 23j^
The magnitude of vector F⃗ is given by:
|F⃗| = √(F_x^2 + F_y^2)
= √(26^2 + (-23)^2) [substituting the values of F_x and F_y]
= √(676 + 529)
= √1205
= 34.7 (approx.)
Therefore, the magnitude of vector F⃗ is approximately 34.7.
To find the direction of vector F⃗, we need to calculate the angle that the vector makes with the positive x-axis.
The direction of vector F⃗ can be expressed as:
θ = tan^(-1)(F_y/F_x)
Substituting the values of F_x and F_y:
θ = tan^(-1)(-23/26)
θ ≈ -42.7°
Since the angle is negative, we can express the direction as 360° - 42.7° = 317.3° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis.
Therefore, the direction of vector F⃗ is approximately 317.3° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis.
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A container of weight W = 200 lb is supported by a continuous cable BAC and a small pulley at A, as shown in the figure below. The cable is attached between two walls that are L = 40 ft apart, and the right support at C is h=8 ft below the left support at B. Cable BAC has a total length LBAC = 50 ft and sags prior to adding the pulley and container. From equilibrium considerations, we can prove that cable segments BA and AC are inclined at the same angle from the horizontal. Neglect the size and weight of the pulley for this analysis. Determine the following quantities:
The inclination angle for both cable segments.
The tension force T in cable BAC.
Answers
Answer:
To determine the inclination angle for both cable segments, we can use the law of sines. Let's call the inclination angle "theta."
L/sin(theta) = h/sin(90-theta)
40/sin(theta) = 8/cos(theta)
Cross multiplying and simplifying, we get:
sin(theta) = 8/40 = 1/5
So,
theta = sin^-1(1/5) = 11.31 degrees
Next, we can use the law of cosines to find the tension force T in cable BAC.
T^2 = W^2 + (LBAC)^2 - 2WLBACcos(theta)
T^2 = 200^2 + 50^2 - 2(200)(50)cos(11.31)
T = sqrt(200^2 + 50^2 - 2(200)(50)cos(11.31)) = sqrt(20000 + 2500 - 2000cos(11.31))
T = sqrt(22500 - 2000cos(11.31))
Rounding to the nearest whole number, we get:
T = 150 lb
So, the inclination angle for both cable segments is 11.31 degrees, and the tension force T in cable BAC is 150 lb.
Explanation:
How much energy is transferred when the potential difference is 230v and the charge is 200c?.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: E = QV, the energy transferred by the quantity of electric charge by a potential difference of V volts.
You're 6.0 m from one wall of a house. You want to toss a ball to your friend who is 6.0 m from the opposite wall. The throw and catch each occur 1.0 m above the ground.(Figure 1) Assume the overhang of the roof is negligible, so that you may assume the edge of the roof is 6.0 m from you and 6.0 m from your friend.
What minimum speed will allow the ball to clear the roof?
At what angle should you toss the ball?
Please explain for 5stars
Answers
The ball needs to go at least speed is 13 m/s per second to be able to clear the ceiling.
angle should you toss the ball 46.26°.
From the query, we learn that
We are 6.0 metres away from one home wall.
who is 6.0 metres from the wall across from you.
Both the throw and the catch take place one metre above the ground.
Assume that you and your companion are both 6.0 metres from the edge of the roof.
The Newtons equation for the distance is typically expressed numerically as
[tex]s=v*t+\frac{a}{2}*t^{2}\\5=0*t+4.9*t^{2}\\t=1.04[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]2*t = 2.0s[/tex]
Where
[tex]18=V_{x} *2.0\\V_{x} =8.9[/tex]
And
[tex]5=V_{y} *1.04-4.9*1.04^{2}\\V_{y} =9.8[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]V=\sqrt{V_{y}^{2}+V_{x} ^{2} } \\V=\sqrt{(9.8)^{2}+(8.9)^{2}} \\\V=13m/s[/tex]
In order to determine the angle at which you should toss the ball, you must first calculate the distance between you and your friend. This is done by using the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate the hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by the two walls and the distance between you and your friend:
[tex]C = \sqrt (6.0m)^2 + (6.0m)^2 \\ = 8.485m[/tex]
Now you can calculate the angle using trigonometry. Since the triangle is a right triangle, you can use the inverse tangent function to calculate the angle:
tan⁻¹[tex](\frac{6.0m}{8.485m})[/tex] = 46.26°
Therefore, you should toss the ball at an angle of 46.26°.
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A given gene sequence contains 49 adenine base pairs. How many thymine bases will be included in the rna strand?.
Answers
This is because RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, so the complementary base pair for adenine in RNA is uracil, not thymine. Therefore, the RNA strand transcribed from the given gene sequence would contain 49 uracil base pairs, not thymine.
In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. However, in RNA, the base uracil replaces thymine, and adenine always pairs with uracil instead.
Therefore, when a gene sequence containing 49 adenine base pairs is transcribed into an RNA strand, the RNA strand will contain 49 uracil base pairs. This is because each adenine in the DNA strand will pair with a uracil during transcription.
It's important to note that transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to create RNA. During transcription, the DNA sequence is "read" by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which creates an RNA strand by adding nucleotides one at a time in a complementary manner. In this case, the RNA polymerase would add uracil nucleotides to the growing RNA strand to match the adenine nucleotides in the DNA strand.
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If q had a different value, would W/q be different or would it have the same value regardless of the value of q? Explain. The electric potential difference AV between two points in an electric field is related to the work W needed to move a charge q from one point to another, and to the change in electric potential energy AU that the system experiences when the charge moves from one point to another: W ΔU ΔV =- 9 9 The SI unit for potential difference is the Volt (V) and potential difference is also frequently called "voltage." 20. Does the potential difference AV between two points in an electric field depend on the electric field (and the charges that created that field), or does it depend on a charge that moves between those two points, or does it depend on both? Explain your reasoning. 21. Two students are discussing their answers to question A20. Megan: The potential difference between two points is the work per unit charge. The electric field determines how much work is done when a charge moves from one point to another. But the value of that moving charge also matters, since q appears in the denominator. If you change the value of q, then you must change the value of W/q. That means the potential difference depends on both the electric field and the value of the charge that moves in that field. Aicha: I agree that the electric field determines W. But if you change q, then you also change the value of W. The amount by which W changes should equal the amount by which q changes, so Wlq should always be the same for an electric field regardless of the value of q. So I think that the potential difference between two points only depends on the electric field, and not on the value of any charge that moves between those points. Do you agree or disagree with either or both of the students? Explain your reasoning 15. Imagine that the electric field in Figure 1 has a magnitude of 20 N/C. Figures 3-5 below show three different paths (dashed lines) that a positive charge q = +3.0 C can take between two points. Find the work done by the electric field on the positive charge for each of these three paths. Show your work. Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 60° 45° 454 30° 1.0 m 1.0 m 1.0 m 16. Does the work done by the electric field on the charge depend on the path that the charge takes to get from one point to another? 17. If q had a different value, would the work you calculated in question A15 be different or would it have the same value regardless of the value of q? Explain. 18. Calculate the work per unit charge W/q for the three paths you analyzed in question A15.
Answers
The effort required to transport a unit charge from a reference point to a specified place in opposition to an electric field is known as the electric potential.
That implies that it is dependent on the charge. As a result, altering q's value will also alter the electric potential's value. In other words, W/value q's will change.
Electric potential is a scalar quantity that represents the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a given point in space. It is also known as voltage and is measured in volts (V). Electric potential is created by the presence of electric charges, which can be either positive or negative. A positive charge creates a region of higher electric potential, while a negative charge creates a region of lower electric potential. The movement of electric charges from high potential to low potential is what generates an electric current. Electric potential is a fundamental concept in electricity and plays a crucial role in the design and operation of electrical circuits, devices, and systems.
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A ball is thrown downward with a large starting velocity. Will this accelerate more rapidly than one that is just dropped at the same time?
Answers
No, a ball thrown downward with a large starting velocity will not accelerate more rapidly than one that is just dropped at the same time, assuming that both are experiencing the same gravitational field.
Both objects will experience the same b, which is approximately 9.8 m/s^2 near the surface of the Earth. The initial velocity of the thrown ball will only affect its initial speed, but it will not change the acceleration due to gravity.
Therefore, both objects will accelerate at the same rate and will fall at the same speed. However, the thrown ball will cover a greater distance than the dropped ball before hitting the ground, as it has an initial velocity in addition to the acceleration due to gravity.
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A Simple Machines Webquest
Answers
Simple machines are devices with few or no moving parts that make work easier by multiplying, reducing, or changing the direction of force
What are simple machines?Simple machines can be combined to form complex machines and mechanisms that make many tasks easier to perform. Examples of six types of simple machines include;
Lever: a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed pivot point to lift or move loads.Pulley: a wheel with a groove in its circumference that allows a rope or cable to run over it to change the direction of a lifting force.Inclined plane: a flat surface that is higher at one end than the other, used to raise or lower objects by reducing the amount of force needed.Wedge: a triangular shape that splits materials apart or holds them in place by applying force along its slanting surface.Screw: a spiral ramp wrapped around a cylinder or cone that transforms rotational motion into linear motion.Wheel and axle: a wheel that rotates around a central axle to move objects or apply force.Learn more about simple machines here: https://brainly.com/question/11683867
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how much power does it take to lift 55 N 3 m high in 12.00 s
Answers
The amount of power it takes to lift 55N 3 m high in 12.00s is 13.75 Watts.
How to calculate power?The power needed to lift an object can be calculated by dividing the work done on the object by the time taken as follows:
Power = work done ÷ time
However, the work done on an object can be calculated by multiplying the force on the object by the distance moved.
Work done = force × distance
Work done = 55N × 3m = 165J
Power = 165J ÷ 12s = 13.75Watts
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Why is it that, relative humidity does not tell us how much water is actually in the air, but tells us how close the air is to being saturated?
Answers
The reason why relative humidity does not tell us how much water is actually in the air is because the amount of water vapor that air can hold depends on its temperature and pressure.
What is Relative humidity?
Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure. It is expressed as a percentage and provides information about how close the air is to being saturated with water vapor.
armer air can hold more water vapor than colder air, and air at higher pressure can hold more water vapor than air at lower pressure. Therefore, the same amount of water vapor in the air can result in different relative humilities depending on the temperature and pressure.
For example, on a humid day with a relative humidity of 90%, there may be more water vapor in the air than on a dry day with a relative humidity of 30%. However, the air on the dry day is still capable of holding more water vapor before it becomes saturated. This is because the amount of water vapor that air can hold increases with temperature, so if the dry day is hotter than the humid day, the air may be able to hold more water vapor even though the relative humidity is lower.
In summary, relative humidity is a useful measure of how close the air is to being saturated with water vapor, but it does not provide information about the actual amount of water vapor in the air, which depends on the temperature and pressure.
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Consider a ball on a circular track. The ball is slowly coming to a stop which takes 15.0 seconds. At the start, the ball was moving around with 9.13 rad/s. Calculate the angular deceleration if the ball traveled across 90 radians.
The answer should be -0.42 rad/s2
I don't know how to solve it
Answers
The angular deceleration of the ball is -0.42 rad/s².
What is angular acceleration?Angular acceleration is a measure of the rate of change of angular velocity of an object rotating about an axis. When an object rotates, its angular velocity (ω) can change as a result of various factors, such as the application of an external torque or the redistribution of mass in the object.
We can use the formula for angular acceleration:
α = (ωf - ωi) / t
where
α is the angular acceleration
ωi is the initial angular velocity
ωf is the final angular velocity (which is zero in this case since the ball comes to a stop)
t is the time it takes for the ball to come to a stop
To find the initial and final angular positions, we can use the formula:
θf - θi = ωi * t + (1/2) * α * t²
where
θi is the initial angular position (0 in this case)
θf is the final angular position (90 radians in this case)
Substtuting the given values, we have:
θf - θi = ωi * t + (1/2) * α * t²
90 - 0 = (9.13 rad/s) * 15 s + (1/2) * α * (15 s)²
Simplifying and solving for α, we get:
α = -0.42 rad/s²
Therefore, the angular deceleration of the ball is -0.42 rad/s².
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3. The Impact was the first commercial electric car to be developed in over 60
years. During performance tests in 1994, the car reached a top speed of nearly
296 km/h. Suppose the car started at rest and then underwent a constant
acceleration of 1.6 m/s² until it reached its top speed. How long did it take the
Impact to reach its top speed?
Answers
According to the question, the impact of an electric car to reach its top speed is found to be 51 sec.
What is Acceleration?Acceleration may be defined as the process of the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. It is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
According to the question,
The acceleration of an electric car = 1.6 m/s²
The speed of an electric car = is 296 km/hour = 1000 m/hour. = 82.2 m/sec.
The acceleration of any moving object is calculated with the help of the following formula:
Acceleration, a = change in velocity/time taken.1.6 m/s² = 82.20 - 0/t
t = 51.45 sec ≅ 51 seconds.
Therefore, the impact of an electric car to reach its top speed is found to be 51 sec.
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Which is matched correctly with its unit of measure?
luminous flux - lumens
illuminance - malus
illuminance - lumens
luminous flux - lux
Answers
Correctly matched with its unit of measure is : luminous flux - lumens
What is luminous flux?Luminous flux is also called luminous power. It is is the measure of perceived power of light and it differs from the measure of total power of light emitted, called 'radiant flux'.
In photometry, measure of the perceived power of light is known as luminous flux . It differs from radiant flux, measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect varying sensitivity of human eye to different wavelengths of light.
Lumen is the standard unit of luminous flux and luminous flux is the measure of perceived power of light by human eye and we measure luminous flux in lumens.
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A 4-kg fish swimming at a speed of 2 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish at
rest. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is
6/5 m/s.
1 m/s.
5/6 m/s.
2/5 m/s.
8/5 m/s.
Answers
In first case speed of fish will be ⅚ m/s.
In the second case the speed of fish ⅙ m/s
Given data :-
Mass of bigger fish ( m₁ ) = 5 kg
Mass of small fish ( m₂ ) = 1 kg.
Speed of large fish ( v₁ ) = 1 m/s
Mass of bigger fish after eating smaller ones = 5 + 1 = 6 kg.
Case - 1
Momentum of bigger fish before eating the smaller fish = m₁* v₁ = 5 * 1 = 5 kg.m/s
Momentum of bigger fish after eating the larger fish = ( m₁ + m₂)*v
v = speed of bigger fish immediately after lunch.
Using the conservation of momentum.
m₁* v₁ = ( m₁ + m₂)*v
5 = 6 * v
v = m/s.
Case -2
Speed of small fish = 4 m/s
Momentum of bigger fish before lunch = 5 kg.m/s
Momentum of smaller fish before lunch = 4*1 = 4 kg.m/s
Net momentum before lunch = 5 - 4 = 1 kg.m/s
Momentum of bigger fish after eating the larger fish = 6 * V
Using the conservation of momentum.
1 = 6 * V
V = m/s.
What is conservation of momentum?
This indicates that a conserved quantity is represented by a variable in an equation that is constant over time. Its value is the same whether an event occurs before or after it.In physics, there are a lot of conserved quantities. For making forecasts in what would otherwise be exceedingly complex situations, they are frequently remarkably useful. There are three fundamental quantities in mechanics that are conserved. These include angular momentum, momentum, and energy. Most often, collisions between objects are described using the principle of conservation of momentum.To know more about conservation of momentum, click the link given below:
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2. A tank of water containing 2500 L of water is stored on the roof of a building. Find its potential energy with respect to the floor, which is 12.0m below the roof. b) Find its potential energy with respect to the basement, which is 4.0 m below the first floor (use g=10m/s²) Ans: a)3×105J b)4×105 60
Answers
The gravitational potential energies are 300 kJ and 400 kJ respectively
What is the gravitational potential energy?Gravitational potential energy is a form of potential energy that an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference point in a gravitational field. It is defined as the amount of work that must be done to move an object from its current position to a reference point, without changing its speed or direction.
The gravitational potential energy of an object can be calculated using the formula:
For the first case;
Note that the mass of 2500 L is 2500 Kg
With respect to the floor;
2500 Kg * 10 * 12 = 300 kJ
With respect to the basement;
2500 * 10 * 16 = 400 kJ
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Two blocks, M1 and M2, are connected by a massless string that passes over a massless pulley as shown in the figure. M2, which has a mass of 19.0 kg,
rests on a long ramp of angle =25.0∘.
Ignore friction, and let up the ramp define the positive direction.
If the actual mass of M1 is 5.00 kg and the system is allowed to move, what is the acceleration of the two blocks?
What distance does block M2 move in 2.00 s?
Answers
Two blocks, M1 and M2, are connected by a massless string that passes over a massless pulley . The distance the block M2 move is 3.44 m.
Calculating the problem:
Given:
M₂ = 19 kg
θ = 29 °
when the system is in equilibrium the net force on the system is zero
Fn = 0 = M₁ × g - M₂ × g × sin(θ)
M₁ = 19 × sin(29) kg
M₁ = 9.21 kg
the mass of M₁ is 9.21 kg
when M₁ = 5 kg
The acceleration of system , a = net force /effective mass
a = (M₂ × g × sin(theta) - M₁ × g )/(M₁ + M₂)
a = 9.81 × ( 19 × sin(29) - 5) /(19 + 5)
a = 1.72 m/s²
The acceleration of system is 1.72 m/s²
for t = 2 s
The distance moved by M₂ , s = 0 + 0.5 × a × t²
s = 0 + 0.5 × 1.72 × 2² m
s = 3.44 m
How much is distance?While distance is the length of an object's path, displacement only refers to the distance between an object's starting point and its final location.
Meter (m) is the SI unit for distance. Centimeters (cm) can be used to measure short distances, and kilometers (km) can be used to measure long distances.
What is mass?A body's mass is the amount of material it contains. The SI unit of mass, the kilogram (kg), is the kilogram. A definition of mass is: Volume x density = mass.
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A 6 kg block is moving at 8 m/s. What will be the block's velocity after a 24 Ns impulse
was applied to it?
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The change in velocity of an object is given by the equation Δv = F * t / m, where Δv is the change in velocity, F is the force applied, t is the time over which the force is applied, and m is the mass of the object.
In this case, the impulse applied to the block is 24 Ns, and the mass of the block is 6 kg. The time over which the force is applied can be calculated as t = Impulse / Force = 24 Ns / 24 N = 1 s.
Using these values, we can calculate the change in velocity of the block as follows:
Δv = F * t / m = 24 N * 1 s / 6 kg = 4 m/s
So, the velocity of the block after the impulse is applied would be v = v0 + Δv = 8 m/s + 4 m/s = 12 m/s.
Distinguish selective attention and habituation?
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3. What is the velocity of a 1.5 kg ball that has a momentum of 4.5 kg*m/s?
Answers
If a 1.5 kg ball has a momentum of 4.5 kg*m/s, the velocity of the ball is 3 m/s.
How to find the velocity of the ball?According to the question, the given quantity is,
Mass of the ball = 1.5 kg
The momentum of the ball = 4.5 kg. m/s
The momentum is defined as the product of the mass of the object and the velocity of the object, so p = mv.
p = momentum of an object
m = mass of an object
v = velocity of an object
According to question the given value outs in the formulae,
p= mv
4.50 = 1.50 × v
v = 4.50/ 1.50
v = 3 m/s.
Therefore, the velocity of the ball is 3 m/s.
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A walker covers a distance of 2.4 km in a time of 30 minutes. What is the average speed of the walker for this distance in km/h?
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Answer:
find the average speed in km/h, we need to convert the time from minutes to hours, then divide the total distance by the total time.
First, let's convert the time from minutes to hours:
30 minutes ÷ 60 minutes/hour = 0.5 hours
Next, we can calculate the average speed:
2.4 km ÷ 0.5 hours = 4.8 km/h
So the average speed of the walker for this distance is 4.8 km/h.
Suppose the Earth was only half the size it is now (half the mass and half the radius), what would "g" be?
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If the Earth were only half the size it is now, the acceleration due to gravity (represented by "g") at the surface would also be halved.
This is because the gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
With the Earth's mass reduced by a factor of 2 and its radius reduced by a factor of 2, the distance between an object on the surface and the Earth's center would also be reduced by a factor of 2. Thus, the net effect is that the acceleration due to gravity would be halved, resulting in a smaller value of "g" than what we currently observe on Earth.
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The article stated that the deepest crisis is political - the failure of various political institutions in the United States to "promote the public welfare" as promised by the US Constitution. What do you think?
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There are certainly significant challenges facing the US political system, and there is a need for reforms that can improve the functioning of government and promote public welfare. However, there is also an ongoing debate about the nature of these challenges and the best path forward to address them.
What institutional failures have hindered the government's ability to address major public policy challenges?Critics of the US political system argue that several institutional failures have hindered the government's ability to address major public policy challenges. For example, some say that the US Congress has become increasingly dysfunctional. In contrast, others point to the role of money in politics, with the influence of wealthy donors and special interest groups limiting the ability of elected officials to act in the public interest.
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13. A pendulum bob of mass 5 kg is displaced from the vertical until it is 0.25 m above its lowest point. Upon release, it rises to a height of 0.24 m on the other side. How much energy was lost due to friction? Assuming half the total energy loss takes place during the downward swing, with what speed does the bob pass though its lowest point?
Answers
The speed of the pendulum bob at its lowest point is 1.92 m/s.
Speed of pendulum calculation explained.Assuming no energy is lost due to air resistance, the total energy of the pendulum is conserved.
Let h be the maximum height the pendulum rises on the right side, and assume that the displacement from the vertical is small enough that we can use the small-angle approximation sin θ ≈ θ. Then, the potential energy of the pendulum at the maximum height is:
U = mgh
where m is the mass of the bob, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h = 0.24 m.
Similarly, the potential energy of the pendulum at its highest point on the left side is:
U' = mgh'
where h' = 0.25 m.
Since the total energy is conserved, the kinetic energy of the pendulum at its lowest point is equal to the initial potential energy:
K = U - ΔU
where ΔU is the energy lost due to friction. Since half the total energy loss takes place during the downward swing, we have:
ΔU = (1/2)U
Substituting the values, we get:
K = mgh - (1/2)U
K = (5 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.24 m) - (1/2)(5 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.24 m)
K = 5.76 J
At the lowest point, all of this energy is in the form of kinetic energy:
K = (1/2)mv^2
where v is the speed of the bob at the lowest point.
Substituting the values, we get:
5.76 J = (1/2)(5 kg)v^2
Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(2K/m)
v = sqrt(2(5.76 J)/(5 kg))
v = 1.92 m/s
Therefore, the speed of the pendulum bob at its lowest point is 1.92 m/s.
To find the energy lost due to friction, we can use the conservation of energy again:
U - ΔU = U' + ΔU'
ΔU + ΔU' = U - U'
Substituting the values, we get:
ΔU + ΔU' = (5 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.25 m) - (5 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.24 m)
ΔU + ΔU' = 4.905 J
Since half the energy loss occurs during the downward swing, we have:
ΔU = (1/2)(4.905 J)
ΔU = 2.453 J
The energy lost due to friction is approximately 2.453 J.
Therefore, The total energy of the pendulum at any point is given by the sum of its potential energy and kinetic energy. At the highest point, the pendulum has only potential energy, and at the lowest point, it has only kinetic energy.
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A child operating a radio-controlled model car on a dock accidentally steers it off the edge. The car’s displacement 1.0s after leaving the dock has a magnitude of 6.5 m. What is the cars speed at the instant it drives off the edge of the dock?
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The speed is 6.5 m/s.
What is speed?Speed is a scalar quantity that represents the rate at which an object is moving. It is defined as the distance traveled by an object in a certain amount of time. The formula for speed is:
speed = distance ÷ time
where distance is the total distance traveled by the object and time is the duration of the journey. The unit of speed is usually meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h).
In this case, we would take the speed and the velocity to be the same;
Speed/Velocity = Displacement/Time
= 6.5 m/ 1.0 s
= 6.5 m/s
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While an object is in projectile motion (with upward being positive) with no air resistance.
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Its vertical acceleration is equal to -g, while the horizontal component of its velocity is unchanged.
This is due to the projectile's dual components of vertical and horizontal velocities. But when the item moves, its vertical component of velocity changes but its horizontal component does not.
The projectile's horizontal component of velocity remains constant, therefore it only has a vertical component of acceleration and no horizontal component. The horizontal component of velocity remains unchanged as a result.
Since the only vertical force acting on the object is the weight, the vertical component of acceleration is equal to -g.
Therefore, the vertical component of its acceleration is equal to -g, while the horizontal component of its velocity remains constant.
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What is electric resistance? Describe differet factors which affect electr resistance.
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Answer:
That is, electrical resistance–is a force that counteracts the flow of current. In this way, it serves as an indicator of how difficult it is for current to flow. Resistance values are expressed in ohms (Ω). Or electrical Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). Ohms are named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a German physicist who studied the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
There are four factors that affect the resistance of a wire ( electrical resistant metal ) :
Resistance is proportional to length. If you take a wire of different lengths and give each a particular potential difference across its ends. The longer the wire the less volts each centimeter of it will get. This means that the 'electric slope' that makes the electrons move gets less steep as the wire gets longer, and the average drift velocity of electrons decreases. The correct term for this 'electric slope' is the potential gradient. A smaller potential gradient (less volts per metre) means current decreases with increased length and resistance increases.
Resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional-area. The bigger the cross sectional area of the wire the greater the number of electrons that experience the 'electric slope' from the potential difference. As the length of the wire does not change each cm still gets the same number of volts across it - the potential gradient does not change and so the average drift velocity of individual electrons does not change. Although they do not move any faster there are more of them moving so the total charge movement in a given time is greater and current flow increases. This means resistance decreases. This does not give rise to a straight line graph as cross sectional area is inversely proportional to resistance not directly proportional to it
Resistance depends on the material the wire is made of. The more tightly an atom holds on to its outermost electrons the harder it will be to make a current flow. The electronic configuration of an atom determines how willing the atom will be to allow an electron to leave and wander through the lattice. If a shell is almost full the atom is reluctant to let its electrons wander and the material it is in is an insulator. If the outermost shell (or sub-shell with transition metals) is less than half full then the atom is willing to let those electrons wander and the material is a conductor.
Resistance increases with the temperature of the wire. The hotter wire has a larger resistance because of increased vibration of the atomic lattice. When a material gets hotter the atoms in the lattice vibrate more. This makes it difficult for the electrons to move without interaction with an atom and increases resistance. The relationship between resistance and temperature is not a simple one.
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In the experiment that student needs to know the mass of four different objects: a shoe, piece of paper,book, and a tissue.which of the following units of measurement should the student use
Answers
The unit of measurement the student should use is the gram. The correct option is c.
What are the measurements units?
The International System of Units (SI) uses the gram (formerly gram; SI unit symbol g) as the unit of mass that corresponds to one-thousandth of a kilogram.
A student must know the masses of four different objects for an experiment: a shoe, a piece of paper, a book, and a tissue. The learner should utilize grams as their measurement units.
Therefore, the correct option is c. gram is used to measure the mass of objects and things.
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The question is incomplete. The missing options are given below:
milligram
ounce
gram
kilogram
