When a gas turns to a liquid (condenses) or a liquid turns to a solid (solidifies) the particles lose energy to the surroundings.
What happens to the particles when a gas turns into a liquid?
The particles are held densely packed together as a solid by the strong attractions between them. Even if they vibrate, the structure is not disturbed by this. Heat causes a solid's particles to become more energetic and begin to vibrate at an ever-increasing pace. At first, the structure is progressively weakened, which causes the solid to expand. Up to the point where the particles begin to escape the structure, greater heating produces more energy. The particles can move even though their connections are still shaky. The solid is currently melting and turning into a liquid. Although the particles in a liquid are identical to those in a solid, they are more energetic.Learn more about Kinetic energy refer to :
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Why do elements have unique emission spectra?
Claim:
Evidence:
Reasoning:
each element has a different set of electron energy levels
wed
only some gases can only absorb and emit specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
*30 Points* What is the electronegativity difference of the compound HNO?
The three elements of this compound are: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, and have no subscript number.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Write a balanced equation for the reaction between and to give and , and calculate δh°.
Answer:
∆H° = is the answer ok I am sure it is
The body contains organ systems that interact with each other to carry out all necessary functions for survival and growth. Which statement provides evidence for the claim?
The body contains organ systems that interact with each other to carry out all necessary functions for survival and growth are digestive , respiratory , circulatory system.
The body contains organs system that interact with each other to carry out all necessary functions for survival and growth are digestive system , respiratory system and circulatory system. They are involved in breakdown and transport of food and the transport of oxygen throughout the body to cell. where they are used up as energy , growth and repair.
Thus, The body contains organ systems that interact with each other to carry out all necessary functions for survival and growth are digestive , respiratory , circulatory system.
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Eggs are only produced when a person is trying to get pregnant. true or false?
Answer: False
Explanation: Eggs are produced during ovulation once a month when someone has a period.
Around each indicated atom in the organic structure, determine the ideal expected angle.
Angle A: Choose.. degrees
Angle B: Choose...
Angle C: 180 degrees
Angle D : Choose...
Angle E: Choose... degrees
Choose.
104.5
120
180
107
109.5
There are two characteristics of molecules, one is geometry and other is shape. Shape is excluding lone pair surrounding the central element and geometry is including the lone pair. Therefore, the angles can be found out by VSEPR theory.
What is VSEPR theory?VSEPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsions. VSEPR theory is used to predict the shape and geometry of molecules on the basis of valence electrons pairs that are present around the central element of the molecule.
According to VSEPR theory, Lone pair lone pair repulsion is greater than bond pair bond pair repulsion. There are so many limitations of VSEPR theory. There is a repulsion between bond pair electrons and lone pairs present on the central element.
Angle A:120 since lone pair is in conjugation with the ring so sp² hybridized.
Angle B:120, sp² hybridized
Angle C:180, sp hybridized
Angle D:109.5 sp³ hybridized
Angle E:120, sp² hybridized
Therefore, the angles can be found out by VSEPR theory.
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Question 4: Balancing Redox Equations (5 points)
Use the following steps to balance the redox reaction below:
Mg + Au* → Mg2+ + Au
a. Write the oxidation and reduction half-reactions. Make sure each half-reaction
is balanced for number of atoms and charge. (3 points)
b. Multiply each half-reaction by the correct number, in order to balance charges
for the two half-reactions. (1 point)
The balanced redox reaction is
Mg(s) + 2Au⁺ (aq) → Mg²⁺ (aq) + 2Au(s)
Equalizing the right and left sides by the stoichiometric coefficient balances the response. The redox reactions have been balanced and fixed by simplifying the numbers.
The oxidation half-reaction:
Mg → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻
The reduction half-reaction:
2Au + 2 e⁻ → 2 Au
The overall balanced reaction is:
Mg(s) + 2Au⁺ (aq) → Mg²⁺ (aq) + 2Au(s)
The redox equation can be balanced using the following stepwise procedure. Split the equation into two half-reactions. Balance the mass and charge half-reactions. Balance the number of electrons transferred in each half-reaction. Add half-reactions together.
There are two ways to balance redox reactions. One uses the change in the oxidation numbers of the oxidizing and reducing agents and the other divides the redox reaction into two half-reactions reduction and oxidation. The first step in balancing a redox reaction is to split the reaction in half.
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How many types of atom are contained in an element
Answer:
There are more than 109 different types of atom – one for each element. Differences between the atoms give the elements their different chemical properties. In 2001, there were 115 known elements. However, those above 109 are highly unstable and have been made in only tiny quantities.
Explanation:
A particular element is composed of only one type of atom. Atoms are further composed of subatomic particles called electrons, protons and neutrons.
The element Chromium has 4 naturally occurring isotopes. Use the relative abundance of each to calculate the average atomic mass of chromium. (Must show work!)
Cr-50 = 4.34%, Cr-52 = 83.79%, Cr-53 = 9.50%, Cr-54 = 2.37%
According to the given statement The average Cr atomic mass unit is 51.9963 amu.
What defines the atomic mass?A single atom's atomic mass is only its total mass, and it is usually given in atomic mass units, or amu. A carbon atom with six neutrons, or helping students learn, has an atomic mass of Twelve amu by definition.
Do elements have atomic mass?The entire weight of one atom in an element is referred to as its atomic mass. The atomic mass is its average atomic mass given in atomic mass units (amu, also known as daltons, D). Atomic weight is another name for the atomic number.
Briefing:Chromium exists in four isotopes that are naturally occurring: 50Cr (atomic mass: 49.9460 amu), 52Cr (atomic mass: 51.9405 amu), 53Cr (atomic mass: 52.9407 amu), and 54Cr (atomic mass: 2.37% amu).
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When I took the oath of office, I pledged loyalty to only one special interest group–"We the people." Those people–neighbors and friends, shopkeepers and laborers, farmers and craftsmen–do not have infinite patience. As a matter fact, some 80 years ago, Teddy Roosevelt wrote these instructive words in his first message to the Congress: "The American people are slow to wrath, but when their wrath is once kindled, it burns like a consuming flame." Well, perhaps that kind of wrath will be deserved if our answer to these serious problems is to repeat the mistakes of the past.
–President Ronald Reagan
April 28, 1981
Which audience does President Reagan appeal to in this part of the speech?
the American people
American business leaders
government workers
government officials
The audience that President Reagan appeals to in this part of the speech is : "the American people" (Option A)
What is an audience in literature?An audience is a group of people who read a certain piece of work. As a writer, you should anticipate your audience's wants or expectations in order to transmit information or argue for a certain position.
Knowing your audience helps you decide what information to include, how to arrange that information, and what type of supporting elements are required for the reader to grasp what you are presenting. It also has an impact on the tone and organization of the document.
The audience for a literary review is often composed of people of the writer's own discipline. However, these discipline colleagues may not be experts in the specific topic or problem addressed in the literature study.
The evidence in the text that indicates that the speaker is addressing the American People are:
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Based on the expected intermolecular forces, which halogen has the lowest boiling point?.
The smallest molecule in the group, fluorine, or F2, will have the weakest London dispersion forces and the lowest boiling point.
What connection exists between boiling point and intermolecular forces?The strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction that a molecule's components exhibit determines its boiling point. In our situation, you must determine how three nonpolar molecules' boiling temperatures relate to one another. The elements that make up group 17 of the periodic table, or the halogens, exist as diatomic molecules. These molecules won't display strong London dispersion forces because they are nonpolar. As a result, since bromine, Br2, is the largest molecule in the group, you may anticipate that it will display the strongest London dispersion forces have the greatest point of boiling.
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what acts as a connector to help convert the nucleotide sequence of mrna into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide during translation?
Answer:The cell has just transcribed this mRNA strand from its DNA, and it now translates the mRNA's nucleotide sequence into a chain of amino acids. This chain, called a polypeptide, forms the basic structure of a protein. A cellular component called a ribosome coordinates the translation process.
Explanation:
which of the bonds shown in red are expected to have ir-active stretching frequencies?
C-C triple bond have different environment. Hence, it will show IR active stretching frequency.
What makes a stretch IR active?To be IR active, a molecule's dipole moment must change as a result of the vibration caused by IR light absorption. The dipole moment is a vector quantity that is affected by the molecule's orientation and the photon electric vector.Some bonds absorb infrared light more strongly than others, whereas others do not. A periodic shift in the dipole moment of the molecule is required for a vibrational mode to absorb infrared light. These vibrations are referred to as infrared active.To learn more about Dipole moment refer,
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The IR active stretching would be observed for the bonds that are not symmetrical.
Which bonds are IR active?We know that compounds that are polar implies that the molecules do have a dipole moment in the molecule. This means that the bond is not symmetrical owing to the fact that the groups that are attached to the central atom of the bond are not the same.
The IR active compounds are the compounds that are have bonds that are not symmetrical. All we need is to look at the bonds and find out the ones that are not symmetrical and hence would have a net dipole moment.
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Draw the Lewis dot diagram for a H -
anion.
Lewis dot diagram is the diagram which describes the chemical bonding between atoms in a molecule. It also represents the total number of lone pairs present on the atom. The lewis dot diagram for H⁻ ion is shown in the attached image.
Since hydrogen contains one electron in the s orbital and it has electronic configuration 1s¹. When hydrogen forms anion, the electron will goes in s-orbital and the electronic configuration of H⁻ ion is 1s². It means both electrons are paired and it shows as a lone pair in the lewis dot diagram of H⁻ anion.
Therefore, the lewis dot diagram is shown in the image which is attached with the question.
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4. Calculate the number of grams in 1.22 moles of sodium
The mass of 1.22 mol sodium is = 28.06g.
A mole is the SI unit of the quantity of a substance. One mole of a substance contains 6.022 10 to the 23rd power of that substance. Therefore, 1 mole of copper atoms is 6.022 times 10 to the 23rd power of copper atoms. Also, the number of moles of sodium atoms is 6.022 times 10 to the power of 23 sodium atoms.
calculation:-
molar mass of sodium = 24
moles of sodium = 1.22
mass = moles × molar mass
= 1.22 × 24
= 29.28
Mole symbol Mole is a unit of quantity of a substance in the International System of Units. The amount of matter is a measure of how many basic units of a particular matter are contained in an object or sample. Find the atomic weight of each element in the formula, multiply by the number of atoms of that element in the compound and add to all others. This gives the mass in grams of one mole of the molecule.
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In which type of chemical bond are electrons transferred from 1 atom to another?.
Ionic bonds are bonds that occur due to the handover of electrons to form positive ions and negative ions whose electron configuration is the same as that of the noble gasses.
Chemical bondsChemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms in elements and compounds together. Chemical bonds can occur with several types of bonds.
Based on the electron configuration that occurs in bond formation, chemical bonds are divided into 4 types:
1. Ionic or electrovalent bonds
This bond occurs because of the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions in a chemical compound
2. Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds occur when the sharing of electron pairs from each of the bonding atoms.
3. Coordinate covalent bond
Coordinate covalent bond is a bond that uses a shared pair of electrons, but the electrons only come from one of the atoms.
4. Metallic bond
This bond is formed due to the attractive force of the metal atomic nucleus with a sea of electrons.
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12) What is the mass of 3.5 moles of CO₂?
Answer:
154 grams CO₂
Explanation:
To find the mass of CO₂, you need to multiply the mole value by the molar mass of CO₂. The molar mass represents the mass (grams) of CO₂ per every one mole. It is important to arrange the ratio/conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol
Molar Mass (CO₂): 12.011 g/mol + 2(15.999 g/mol) = 44.009 g/mol
3.5 moles CO₂ 44.009 g
------------------------- x -------------------- = 154 grams CO₂
1 mole
what is the molecular structure of xef4?
Answer:
Square planar
Explanation:
Its 180 degrees so it has to be a square planar.
The structure of the molecule is a square planar geometry.
What is the molecular structure?We know that the shape of a molecule is determined by the number of the electron pairs that we can find in the molecule. In this case, we can see that there are six electron pairs that surround the molecule as shown.
Now, we should know that we have four groups that are around the xenon central atom and then we have two lone pairs and this would then correspond to a square planar geometry of the molecule.
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Write the formula of the structure that would have the greatest internuclear distance between the pairs.
An element's electronegativity determines whether it is ionic or non-ionic. Fluorine has the most electronegativity while iodine has the lowest, which means that the Cs I ionic bond's power of attraction is at its lowest, allowing for the largest possible distance between their molecules.
By intermolecular contact, what do you mean?The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a substance are referred to as intermolecular forces (IMF), which is sometimes shortened. These forces act as a bridge between the individual molecules of a substance. Intermolecular forces are primarily responsible for the physical and chemical properties of matter.
Which four intermolecular interactions are there?The following are the four main intermolecular forces: Van der Waals dipole-dipole interactions < Van der Waals dispersion forces <Ionic bonds <Hydrogen bonds .
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how many grams of P4 are needed to produce 4.6 grams of P2O5
The 'a' of 'penta' is deleted when it occurs before 'o' as in 'oxide,' therefore 5.270 grams of P4 are required to generate 4.6 grams of P2O5.
P2O5: what is it in science?Many laboratory professionals are familiar with phosphorus pentoxide as a potent desiccant. It is produced by igniting elemental phosphorus in a dry air current. P2O5 can be found in a variety of crystal and amorphous forms, with crystalline P4O10 being the most prevalent.
Does every farmer require phosphorus?The need for phosphorus is essential to life. It is the P in ATP, the molecule that transports energy throughout cells, and the backbone of DNA. Since phosphorus is necessary for plant growth, farmers have been providing it to their crops for thousands of years.
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If you were to combine two carbon-12 atoms in a fusion process, what element would you get?.
The element would you get is Mg. 6C12 + 6C12 1 11Na24 + +1e0.
The first step in making carbon is to fuse the nuclei of hydrogen the lightest element to make helium the second lightest element. The next step is to fuse the two helium 4 nuclei. Each contains two protons and two neutrons. Forms beryllium-8. This takes in another helium and produces carbon-12.
The main problem in the carbon cycle is proton addition but after a carbon-12 nucleus fuses with a proton to form nitrogen-13 one of the protons decays to carbon-13 emitting a positron and a neutrino. Two more proton captures produce nitrogen-14 and then oxygen-15. Stellar Fusion Reactors In massive stars hydrogen burns to form helium. This produces carbon which can be further processed into oxygen and heavier elements.
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Choose the best answer.
Why is OTEC not currently used?
It is dangerous.
It is unethical.
It is in an experimental phase and is very expensive.
It was outlawed.
OTEC not currently used because it is in an experimental phase and is very expensive
Ocean thermal energy conversion is the electricity generation system and the OTEC refer to using the temprature differences between the deep parts of the sea and which are cold and the shallow part of the sea and which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work and the deeper part of ocean are cooler because the heat of sunlight cannot penetrate very deep into the water and OTEC are not currently used because it is an experimental phase and very expensive and it is currently used in japan
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How many asymmetric carbons are present in the compound 2,3,4-tribromohexane
Answer:
There will be 2 asymmetric carbons
Explanation:
2,3,4 trichloropentane 2,4 cetre are chiral but 3
rd
centre is pseudo chiral. It depends on the configuration of 2 & 4 so, the statement is false.
solution
Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when excess hydroiodic acid and sodium sulfite (aq) are combined.
The net ionic equation for chemical reaction when excess of hydroiodic acid combines with sodium sulfite is 2 H[tex]^+[/tex] [tex]_(aq)[/tex] + S[tex]^2-[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] H₂S[tex]_(g)[/tex].
What is ionic equation?Ionic equation is defined as a chemical equation which represents electrolytes in aqueous solutions and are expressed as dissociated ions. Ions present in aqueous solutions are stabilized by ion dipole interactions with the water molecules which are present.
An ionic equation can be written for any electrolyte which dissociates and reacts with the polar solvent. In a balanced ionic equation , number and type of atoms on each sides of reaction arrow are same. Even the net charge on both sides of the arrow is same.
Strong acids and bases exist as dissociated ions present in the solution and are written in forms of ions in ionic equation.Weak acids and bases do not dissociate completely and hence are written in the form of molecular formula.
For the given reaction, net ionic equation is obtained as,by balancing the reaction between hydroiodic acid and sodium sulfite and then writing its dissociated form,
2 H[tex]^+[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex] + 2 I[tex]^-[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex] +2 Na [tex]^+_(aq)[/tex] + S[tex]^2- _(aq)\rightarrow[/tex] H₂S[tex]_(g) + 2 Na ^+ _(aq)[/tex] +2 I[tex]^-_(aq)[/tex]
Removing the spectator ions , final net ionic equation is,2 H[tex]^+[/tex] [tex]_(aq)[/tex] + S[tex]^2-[/tex][tex]_(aq)[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] H₂S[tex]_(g)[/tex].
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What is the expected freezing point of a 0.50 m solution of Cs2SO4 in water? Kf for water is 1.86°C/m.
-6.5
-1.9
-2.8
-0.93
+0.93
Option C. The expected freezing point of a 0.50 m solution is - 2.8°C.
The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes stable. As with the melting point, multiplied stress typically raises the freezing factor. The freezing point is lower than the melting point in the case of mixtures and for sure natural compounds such as fat.
Calculation:-
ΔT f = i × K f × m
Cs₂SO₄ ------> 2Li⁺ + SO²⁻
Given,
T f° = 0.0 °C
If = 1.86 °C/m
m = 0.50 m
i = 3
substitution of the values in the equation
0 °C - T f = 3 × 1.86 °C/ × 0.50
0 °C - T f = 2.8 C
0 ° C - 2.8°C = T f
- 2.8°C = T f
Hence, the freezing point is Cs₂SO₃ solution is - 2.8°C .
The freezing point of water and melting point is zero °C or 32 °F. The temperature may be lower if supercooling takes place or if there are impurities present in the water that may purpose freezing factor despair to occur. below positive conditions, water may also remain a liquid as bloodless as -forty to -42°F
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An aqueous solution ggggggggggggg
Answer:
cool
Explanation:
which statement does not describe a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway
a. allows for the conversion of hexoses into pentoses that may be used as precursors in the synthesis of nucleosides
b. produces reduced molecules whose electrons may be shuttled to the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production
c. used to produce NADPH for reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids
d. allows a repair of oxidative damage
The statement which does not describe the general function of pentose phosphate is that allows a repair of oxidative damage.
What is pentose phosphate pathway?A metabolic mechanism that runs parallel to glycolysis is the pentose phosphate pathway, also known as the phosphogluconate pathway, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and the HMP Shunt. It produces ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides, pentoses (5-carbon sugars), and NADPH.
Despite the fact that the pentose phosphate route does entail the oxidation of glucose, it plays a more catabolic than catabolic role. The route is particularly crucial for red blood cells (erythrocytes).
The journey is divided into two main stages. The oxidative phase, when NADPH is produced, is the first. The non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars is the second. The generation of reducing equivalents, in the form of NADPH, used in reductive biosynthesis such as fatty acid synthesis.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP URGENT WILL GIVE BRAINIEST (CORRECT ANSWERS ONLY!!!!)
7.0 mol Mn can form 7.0 mol MnO and 5.0 mol O2 can form 10.0 mol MnO. What mass of MnO forms during the reaction?
MnO: 70.94 g/mol
[?] g MnO
The mass of the manganese oxide MnO forms during the reaction is equal to 496.58 grams.
What is a mole?A mole of substance can be defined as a standard unit that is used to calculate how many entities such as atoms, molecules, or particular particles are present in a given amount of substance.
The number of elementary units in 1 mole was found to be 6.023 ×10 ²³ which is known as Avogadro’s constant.
The reaction of manganese and oxygen can be represented as:
[tex]2Mn + O_2\longrightarrow 2MnO[/tex]
Given, 7 mol of manganese Mn can form MnO = 7 mol
5 mol O₂ gas can form MnO = 10 mol
From the equation, 2 mol of Mn reacts with oxygen gas = 1 mol
Then, 7 mol of manganese Mn will react with oxygen = 7/2 = 3.5mol
Therefore, if we have 7 mol of manganese and 5 mol of O₂ gas then Mn will be the limiting reagent.
Then 7 mol of manganese (Mn) will form MnO = 7 mol
The mass of seven mol of MnO = 7 × 70.94 = 496.58 g
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Which of the following is a polyatmoic ion?
Answer:
PO4 3-
Explanation:
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms carrying a charge ( positive or negative ).
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zero.
Whereas S2- is not because it is an inorganic ion
Why we have to grind calcium chloride before starting the experiment?
Answer:
Calcium chloride in its anhydrous form is an economical drying agent and very important for drying processes in laboratories. Those are for example: drying of liquids and neutral gases. It is also a very good drying agent for a wide variety of solvents.
Calcium chloride compound in its anhydrous form is an economical drying agent and very important for drying processes in laboratories.
Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions.They make up the drying agent used to absorb the moisture.They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds .Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
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