c) At 60°C, how many grams of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 200 g of water?
​

The polar molecules are A and D while the non polar molecules are B C E F.

We know that the polar molecules are the molecules that have a structure that is not symmetrical. If a compound is seen to be symmetrical then such a compound can not be a polar molecule. This what we have to look out for in each of the compound.

We would look at a compound as symmetrical if the compound is able to have the same groups that are attached to it in such a way that the attached groups are indistinguishable from each other. If we label the molecules from A to F we can locate the molecules that are polar and non polar.

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the temperature of gas is [tex]4.14^{o}[/tex]K

The temperature can be calculated as follows:

we using the ideal gas Law where PV = nRT, we just need to subtitute the value

PV = nRT where the universal gas constant is 0.082[tex]L.atm.mol^{-1}.K^{2}[/tex]

1.3 atm x 1.7 L = 6.5 moles x 0.082[tex]L.atm.mol^{-1}.K^{2}[/tex] x T

T= [tex]\frac{1.3 atm X 1.7 L }{6.5 X 0.082 L.atm.mol^{-1}K^{-1} }[/tex]

T= [tex]4.14^{o}[/tex]K

hence the temperature of gas in K is [tex]4.14^{o}[/tex]K

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From the structure of the molecule as shown, the molecule is chiral.

We say that a molecule is chiral if there is a carbon atom in the molecule that is bonded to  four different atoms or groups. In this case, we can say that the molecule is chiral in the sense that is handed and it is able to  rotate the plane of polarized light.

Having said that much we can see that there is a carbon atom that is in the compound that is shown that is bond to four different atoms or groups thus it has fulfilled the requirement to say that the molecule is chiral.

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Answer:

explain how the electron was discovered

The direction of polarity of C-N is C to N

The direction of polarity of  F-N is N to F

The direction of polarity of F - C is is C to F

The direction of polarity in C - N is from C to N. the Nitrogen is more electronegative than the carbon. the carbon gets partially positive charge and the nitrogen gets partially negative charge.

The direction of polarity in F - N is from nitrogen to fluorine. the fluorine is more electronegative than the nitrogen so nitrogen gets partial positive and F have partial negative.

The direction of polarity of F - C is from carbon to fluorine because fluorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Thus, The direction of polarity of C-N is C to N

The direction of polarity of  F-N is N to F

The direction of polarity of F - C is is C to F

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There is no reaction between zinc II sulfate and magnesium sulfate.

We know that a reaction is said to occur when two species are combined and there are new products that appear in the system. This implies that if there are no new substances that appear in the system we can not say that a chemical reaction has taken place.

In this case, we can see that we can not be able to observe any change when wee mix a solution of magnesium sulfate and zinc II sulfate since the both of them have the same anion.

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The mass of oxygen gas consumed if 5.30 g of ethanol is involved in the reaction would be 3.68 grams.

The souring of wines through the reaction of the ethanol component with oxygen is a chemical reaction that is expressed by the following equation:

[tex]CH_3CH_2OH + O_2 -- > H_2O + CH_3COOH[/tex]

The equation already obeys the law of conservation of mass. Thus, it is a balanced reaction in which the mole ratio of the ethanol that reacts and the oxygen that is consumed is 1:1.

If, mole = mass/molar mass; the mole of 5.30 g of ethanol can be deduced as follows:

Molar mass of ethanol = 46.07 g/mol

Mole of 5.30 g ethanol = 5.3/46.07

                                      = 0.1150 mol

Since the mole ratio of ethanol and oxygen is 1:1, the equivalent mole of oxygen that is consumed in the reaction would also be 0.1150 mol.

If, mass = mole x molar mass; then the mass of 0.1150 mol oxygen can be deduced as follows:

Molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol

Mass of 0.1150 mol oxygen = 0.1150 x 32

                                             = 3.68 grams

Thus, the mass of oxygen that will be consumed by the reaction of 5.30 grams of ethanol is 3.68 grams.

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The molar concentration of NaOH can find out from the molarity of the titrant HCl. The molarity of NaOH is found to be 0.038 molar.

What is molarity?

Molarity is the number of moles of solute per volume of solution in liters. Here, the HCl has the density of 0.7292 g/l and volume 20L . Its mass is calculated as:

mass = density × volume

         = 0.7292× 20L

         = 14.58.

The molar mass of HCl is 37.5. Thus its number of moles in the solution is  14.58/37.5 = 0.388.

At the end point the number of moles of NaOH and HCl will be equal thus, where the volume of the NaOH solution is 10 ml. Now the molarity can be find out as follows:

molarity = number of moles /volume

             = 0.388/10 = 0.038 M.

Hence, the molarity of HCl is 0.038 M.

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A 5.00 mL sample of barium hydroxide is titrated to the phenolphthalein endpoint using hydrochloric acid. The five mL sample requires 18.02 mL of 0.0873 M HCl solution to reach the endpoint. The concentration of Ba(OH)₂ solution is 0.157 M.

The concentration of a compound is defined as the amount of solute dissolved in the solution. It is calculated by the formula

Concentration=moles/volume in L

The reaction between Ba(OH)₂ and HCl is given as

Ba(OH)₂+2HCl→BaCl₂+2H₂O

By using volume and molarity, first we need to calculate moles of HCl. The moles of HCl is calculated using volume and molarity as

Molarity=moles/volume in L

Rearrange the formula for moles

moles=Molarity×volume in L

Convert the given volumes in L

18.02 mL×(1 L/1000 mL)=0.01802 L

5.00 mL×(1 L/1000 mL) = 0.005 L

Hence, moles of HCl will be

moles=(0.0873 mol/L)×0.01802 l

moles=0.001573146 mol

The mol to mol ratio between Ba(OH)₂ and HCl is 1:2. Hence moles of Ba(OH)₂ reacted with HCl is

(0.001573146 mol HCl×1 mol Ba(OH)₂/2 mol HCl)

=0.000786573 mol Ba(OH)₂

Therefore, the molarity of Ba(OH)₂ is

Molarity=(0.000786573 mol/0.005L)

=0.1573146 mol/L

=0.157 M (∵M=mol/L)

Therefore, the molarity of Ba(OH)₂ solution is 0.157 M.

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The amount of substance is measured with the SI unit, the mole.

Mole is the ratio of the given mass of substance to the molar mass of that substance.

Or it is the ratio of the number of molecules of substance to the Avogadro number.

Mathematically, it can be written as

Mole = given mass / molar mass

Or Mole = number of molecules / Avogadro number.

For first case,

Temperature is measured with the SI unit, the celsius. So, this is incorrect option.

For second case,

As we know that, mass is measured with the SI unit, the gram. So, this is also incorrect option.

For fourth case,

Length is measured with the SI unit, the metre. So, this is also incorrect option.

Therefore, option C is the correct option.

Thus, we concluded that the amount of substance is measured with the SI unit, the mole.

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Rocks formed by the process of erosion, deposition, and compaction of sediments are called Sedimentary Rocks.

The three main types of rocks are Igneous, Sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. They are formed on or near the Earth’s surface from the compression of ocean sediments or other processes.

Igneous rocks are formed when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies after cooling down. When these rocks are weathered due to the process of erosion, deposition, and compaction of sediments they turn into  Sedimentary rocks. These types of rocks generally consist of fossils. When the sedimentary rocks are subjected to tremendous temperature and pressure they get converted into metamorphic rocks. The metamorphic rocks when get ejected out of the volcano in the form of hot magma turn into igneous rocks on cooling. This cycle of rocks continues.

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88 is the nearest whole number [tex]88\frac{196}{480}[/tex].

Rounding is a process to estimate a certain number in a context. To determine how to round a number, look at the next digit in the appropriate position; if it is less than 5, round down, and if it is more than 5, round up.

The major figures of a particular number are those key or significant digits that accurately represent the meaning of the number.

[tex]88\frac{196}{480}[/tex] is mixed friction.

Changing the mixed fraction into improper fraction number by :

Multiplying 88 × 480 = 42,240

Adding 196 to this number = 42240 + 196

= 42,436/480

= 88.40

≈ 88

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The molar mass of the given gas is equal to 68.48 g.

The ideal gas law can be described as an equation of the state of a hypothetical perfect gas. This equation can be represented as the product of the volume and pressure of one-mole perfect gas is equal to the product of the universal gas constant and absolute temperature of that gas.

The mathematically, ideal gas equation can be written as follows:

PV = nRT

Where n is the moles of gas, P is the pressure,  V is the volume of the gas,  and R is the gas constant.

Given, the volume of collected gas, V = 165 ml = 0.165 L

The temperature of the gas, T = 27° C = 273 + 27 = 300 K,

The pressure of gas, P = 765 mmHg = 0.99 atm

The value of the gas constant, R = 0.082 atm L /K mol

Substituting the values V, R, P, and T in the equation, we get:

The number of moles of the gas, n = PV/RT

n = 0.99 ×0.165/(0.082 × 300)

n = 0.0066 mol

The molar mass of the gas = 0.452/ 0.0066 =68.48 g/mol

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Methane has covalent bonds. Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can bond with four hydrogen atoms, each of which has one valence electron. The carbon atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, so it attracts the electrons in the bonds more strongly than the hydrogen atoms do.

What is covalent bond ?

A covalent bond consist of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Carbon has four electrons in its  valence shell ( it needs four electrons to fill its valence electron ) and Hydrogen have one electrons in its valence shell ( and needs two electrons ) . So Carbon shares total four electrons , one with each Hydrogen and all four Hydrogen shares their one electrons with carbon.

Hence , covalent bonding is present in methane molecule.

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The formulas below correctly represent the ionic compounds of the elements involved in CSCI Na3P Al2S3.

For binary ionic compounds, the compounds are named by writing the cation name first, followed by the anion name. For example, KCl, an ionic compound containing K+ and Cl- ions, is called potassium chloride. Consider the electronegativities of two related atoms. The greater the difference, the more ionic the bond.

For a compound as a whole, its polarity can be considered from the configuration of the polar bonds through the molecular conformation. An ionic bond is formed when an electron moves from one atom to another. Ions of different elements can be combined by forming ionic bonds. Cations and anions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.

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The molarity of a solution containing 150 mL of a 3.25 M sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) solution after we add 275 mL more water is 1.14 M

Given that :

molarity of solution M1 = 3.25 M

volume of solution V1 = 150 mL

Molarity of solution M2  = ?

Volume of solution after dilution V2 = 150 mL + 275 mL = 425 mL

using the dilution law , we get :

M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = (M1 V1) / V2

M2 = ( 3.25 × 150 ) / 425

M2 = 1.14 M

Thus, The molarity of a solution containing 150 mL of a 3.25 M sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) solution after we add 275 mL more water is 1.14 M

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Answer: C

l

2

→

H

C

l

O

C

l

2

→

2

H

C

l

O

(Cl balance)

C

l

2

+

2

H

2

O

→

2

H

C

l

O

(O balance)

C

l

2

+

2

H

2

O

→

2

H

C

l

O

+

2

H

+

(H balance)

C

l

2

+

2

H

2

O

→

2

H

C

l

O

+

2

H

+

+

2

e

−

(Charge balance)

C

l

2

+

2

H

2

O

→

2

H

C

l

O

+

2

H

+

+

2

e

−

balanced half-reaction)

Explanation:

The mass of the precipitate that can be recovered from the reaction is 2.2 g

We know that we have to obtain the number of moles of both of the reactants and then this would help us to determine the limiting reactant. When we determine the limiting reactant, we can now use it to obtain the theoretical yield of the reaction and this would help us to be able to get the actual yield which is what the question is about.

Number of moles of barium chloride = 25/1000 * 0.5 = 0.0125 moles

Number of moles potassium sulfate= 50/1000 * 0.25 = 0.0125 moles

Given that the reaction is 1:1, we can see that the theoretical yeild of the barium sulfate product is obtained from;

Theoretical yield= 0.0125 moles * 233 g/mol = 2.9 g

We already know that the formula to obtain the percentage yield is;

Actual yield/ theoretical yield * 100/1

We would now substitute the values and obtain; x/2.9 * 100 =75

Where x = actual yield of the reaction.

x = 75 * 2.9/100

x= 2.2 g

Thus we obtain 2.2 g.

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When a reaction's heat is calculated under constant pressure, it equals the enthalpy change. At constant volume or constant pressure, a chemical reaction produces an enthalpy change, which is a heat change.

Enthalpy change indicates how much heat was absorbed or released during the reaction. It is shown by the H. Franklin Electric Sub drive series of constant constant pressure systems, which adjust the pump's speed to suit changing water demand while maintaining constant pressure throughout the system. In sub drive systems, a pressure sensor measures the water pressure, transmits a controller, and controls the pump's speed. Although no work is done when a reaction is conducted in a bomb calorimeter at constant volume, the pressure inside the calorimeter may change.

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The energy is required to completely separate an electron from a proton that is 200 pm away is 1.15 × 10⁻¹⁸ J.

the energy expression is given as :

E = K q1 q2 / r

where,

K = 9 × 10⁹ Nm²C⁻²

q1 = charge of proton = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

q2 = charge of electron = -  1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

r = distance = 200 × 10⁻¹² m

substituting the values :

E = (9 × 10⁹ ×  1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ ×  -  1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ ) / 200 × 10⁻¹²

E = 1.15 × 10⁻¹⁸ J

Thus, The energy is required to completely separate an electron from a proton that is 200 pm away is 1.15 × 10⁻¹⁸ J.

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According to electronic configuration , atomic size within a period decreases from left to right as electrons are added to same shell while in group it increases as new shell is added in each successive element in group.

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

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The complete balanced equation os Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)

First, calculate the number of moles of both reactants as follows:

Moles of Fe2O3 = Amount of Fe2O3 / molar mass

Moles of Fe2O3 =22.00 g / 159.69 g/mol = 0.138 mol

Moles of CO = Amount of CO / molar mass

Moles of CO =14.42 g / 28.01 g/mol = 0.515 mol

Now determine the limiting agent as follows:

The limiting reagent is a substance that limits the amount of product in the reaction. This limiting agent is completely consumed in the reaction.

Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)

0.138 mol Fe2O3 x 3 mol CO / 1 mol Fe2O3 = 0.414 mol CO

Here Fe2O3 is a limiting agent and CO is present in excess. 0.414 mol CO used thus calculate the remaining mol of CO as follows:

0.515 mol CO - 0.414 mol CO = 0.101 mol CO.

Mass of CO = 0.101 mol CO x 28.01 g/mol = 2.83 g CO

2.83 g CO of the excess reactant is left.

Chemical Reaction Types This reaction has a single substitution reaction. Balance strategy Al and Fe are exchanged in this single exchange reaction. Two moles react with 15 moles of oxygen to produce 14 moles of carbon dioxide gas along with 6 moles of water. The most common type of corrosion is uniform corrosion. Here, a uniform oxide layer appears on the surface of the material.

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Answer:

Water - H2O.

Ammonia - NH. ...

Sulfur dioxide - SO. ...

Hydrogen sulfide - H2S.

Ethanol - C2H6O.

Explanation:

Answer:

Water - H2O.

Ammonia - NH. ...

Sulfur dioxide - SO. ...

Hydrogen sulfide - H2S.

Ethanol - C2H6O.

Explanation:

Using Ideal Gas Equation

PV=nRT

P = 15.7, V = 50L, T = 21 +273= 294K, n=?, R= 0.8206atmK^-1mol^-1

n = PV/RT = (15.7 × 50) / (0.8206 × 294) = 3.25mol

n = m/M, m=?, M= 16(2) = 32, n = 3.25

m = nM = 3.25 × 32 = 104g

104 grams of oxygen (O2) gas are there in a 50.0 L tank at 21.0c when the oxygen pressure is 15.7 atm.

Ideal gas is also called as real gas. The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT. Where, P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Ideal gas molecules do not attract or repel each other. The pressure of a gas times its volume same to the number of moles of the gas times a constant (R) times the temperature of the gas.

By using Ideal Gas Equation

PV = nRT

Pressure = 15.7,

Volume = 50L,

Temperature = 21 +273

= 294K,

n=?,

R= 0.8206atmK^-1mol^-1

n = PV/RT

= (15.7 × 50) / (0.8206 × 294)

= 3.25mol

n = m/M, m=?,

M= 16(2)

= 32, n = 3.25

m = nM

= 3.25 × 32 = 104g

Thus, 104g grams of oxygen (O2) gas are there in a 50.0 L tank at 21.0c when the oxygen pressure is 15.7 atm.

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Explanation:

V = kn

V1/n1 = V2/n2

V1 = 125ltrs, n1 =6 moles, n2 =?, V2 = 175ltrs

n2 = V2.n1/V1 = (175 × 6) ÷ 125

= 8.4 moles

The helium must be added to a balloon currently holding 6.00 moles in order to increase its volume from 125 liters to 175 liters is 8.4 moles.

The International System of Units uses the mole as the unit of material quantity. How many elementary entities of a certain substance are present in an item or sample is determined by the quantity of that material. It is specified that the mole contains precisely 6.023 × 10⁻²³

An SI unit that connects the microscopic and macroscopic worlds is the mole. It enables researchers to measure vast numbers of extremely tiny objects, such atoms or molecules. Initially, measurements of chemical elements or compounds were expressed in terms of "gram-atom" and "gram-molecule" units.

However, the Latin term moles, which meaning "a mass," is where the word mole ultimately originates, not from German.

v₁ ÷ n₁ = v₂ ÷ n₂

v₁ = 125l,

n₁ =6 moles,

n₂ =?,

v₂ = 175l

n₂ = v₂.n₁ ÷ v₁ = ( 175 × 6 ) ÷ 125

= 8.4 moles

Thus,The helium must be added to a balloon currently holding 6.00 moles in order to increase its volume from 125 liters to 175 liters is 8.4 moles.

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The partial pressure of an individual gas from a certain mixture of gas can be determined by its mole fraction and total pressure.

Total pressure of both mixtures are same so there partial pressure must be determined from its mole fraction. Mole fraction is defined as the number of molecules of a particular component in a mixture divided by the total number of moles in the given mixture.

Mole fraction (X):

X(solute) = (Moles of solute) / Total moles of solution

X(solvent) = (Moles of solvent) / Total moles of solution

∵ X(solute) + X(solvent) = 1

Hence, the partial pressures of the individual gases of gas-1 and gas-2 can be determined from its mole fraction.

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Taking into account the definition of molarity, the concentration of the NaCl solution is 0.576 moles/L.

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute that indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution:

molarity= number of moles of solute÷ volume

Molarity is expressed in units moles/ L.

In this case, you know that:

Replacing in the definition of molarity:

molarity= 0.144 moles÷ 0.250 L

Solving:

molarity= 0.576 moles/L

Finally, the molarity in this case is 0.576 moles/L.

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The weak (monoprotic) acid splits into its conjugate base and a proton; because the protons originated from the weak acid, the conjugate base that forms must be equimolar with the protons released into the solvent.

HA⇌A +H+

How can you tell whether kind of acid is a weak acid?

Based on its molar mass, pKa (determined from points on a titration curve), combined with its approximative melting point, you can determine your weak acid.

How can the concentration of an unidentified weak acid be determined?

Purpose: Titration with a standardized NaOH solution is used to determine the composition and identity of an unknown weak acid. where Mt is the titrant's concentration, Vt is its volume, and added titrant, Mx is the amount of the unidentified weak acid that is titrated, Mx is its concentration, and Vx is its volume.

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The temperature at which the gas will occupy a volume of 2.5L is 472°C.

Charle's law states that "the volume of a fixed mass of gas held at constant pressure varies directly with the absolute temperature".

i.e we get [tex]$V_1[/tex]/[tex]$T_1[/tex] =[tex]$V2_1[/tex]/[tex]$T_2[/tex] .

Now, we have [tex]$V_1[/tex]= 1.0L, [tex]$T_1[/tex] = 25°C = (25+273) K = 298 K

                        [tex]$V_2[/tex]  = 2.5L, [tex]$T_2[/tex]  = ?

Let's substitute these values in the above equation,

[tex]$V_1[/tex]/[tex]$T_1[/tex] = [tex]$V_2[/tex]/[tex]$T_2[/tex]

1.0/298 = 2.5/[tex]$T_2[/tex]

[tex]$T_2[/tex] = 2.5 X 298

[tex]$T_2[/tex] = 745 K

OR

[tex]$T_2[/tex] = 745-273 = 472°C

Thus, the temperature at which the gas will occupy a volume of 2.5L is 472°C.

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The approximate diameter of each cell, given the number of cells and the diameter of the field of view, is c) 500 µm.

Cells are very small organisms and so they are measured in small units called micrometers. Micrometers are 1, 000 times smaller than millimeters. The diameter of the field of view is 1. 5 millimeters which means that combined, the diameter of these three cells will add up to 1. 5 millimeters in total.

Because cells have their diameter measured in micrometers, there is a need to convert the diameter of the field of view, from millimeters to micrometers:

= 1. 5 millimeters x 1, 000 micrometers per millimeter

= 1, 500 micrometers

The approximate diameter of each of the three cells is therefore :

= Diameter of the field of view / Number of cells

= 1, 500 micrometers / 3

= 500 micrometers

= 500 µm

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